TITLE OF THE

PROJECT

A STUDY ON THE PROBLEMS OF TEA GARDEN LABOURERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SUNTOK TEA GARDEN BY DIBRUGARH.UNIVERSITY.Roll No- 15730025 REGISTRATION. No- 09000772 SPECIALITY- ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE PROJECT SUBMITTED FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF B.COM PART III FINAL EXAMINATION 2011 TO THE CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATION,DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY HEAD OF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTANCY SIBSAGAR COMMERCE COLLEGE PLACE-SIVASAGAR DATEPRINCIPAL SIBSAGAR COMMERCE COLLEGE

PREFACE
Indeed a great pleasure and priveledge to undertake task of dissertation of the topicA brief study on the problems of tea garden labourers with reference to santok tea garden. Under the guidance of Mr. Ashok Khandelia,lecturer of the Department of Accounting and Finance,Sibsagar Commerce College. This project is taken for the partial fulfiilment of 3 years,Bachelor Degree Course of Dibrugarh University.The project is divided into 5chapters. First chapter contains the introduction part .It includes object and nature,significance,methodology, and etc. Second chapter contains area profile,the area of Suntok Tea Estate ,P.O Najira,Sivasagar District. Third chapter contains analysis and presentation of the collected data. Fourth chapter contains Summary and conclusion.It includes recommendations and suggestions.

I am thankful to the management personnels for their continous guidance and support. I would also like to thank to my accademic guide under whose supervision I carried out my project . The project has given a lot of experience and confidence and also it has inproved research work solving any project related problem . All efforts has been made to avoid error but despite of it some errors might have crept inadvertently. I humbly seek apology for the unwilling errors that might have taken place in the preparation of project work.

CONTENTS CHAPTER I- INTRODUCTION

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 INTRODUCTION OBJECT AND NATURE OF THE STUDY METHODOLOGY SIGNIFICANCE TIME OF PLANTING MANUFACTURE OF TEA CHANGE IN CLIMATE AFFECTING THE PLANTATION OF TEA TEA ECONOMY OF ASSAM

CHAPTER II- AREA PROFILE CHAPTER III- ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF COLLECTED DATA 3.1 PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE TEA ESTATE
3.2 ROLE OF LABOURERS IN THE TEA INDUSTRY 3.3 LABOUR PROBLEM IN THE TEA GARDEN 3.4 PROBLEMS FACED BY LABOURERS IN THE SUNTOK TEA GARDEN

CHAPTER IV- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 4.1 RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.2 CONCLUSION

APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION
Tea is one of the oldest industries in India and today it enjoys the status of one of the best organized industries in the country. More than a million workers in India are directly employed in the tea plantations and manufacturing industries. It holds a considerable potential for the economic development of one country as the largest organized sector providing a stable economic base. It may be relevantly noted here tea plantation and manufacturing has since long been a major in Assam and it occupies a very important place in the economy of Assam. There are at present around 760 tea plantations in Assam covering an area of approximately 185,000 hectares of land. This constitutes more than 51 percent of the total area under ten in the whole of India. Assam produces 410,430,000 kilograms of tea every year to bring in a revenue of less than Rs 500 crore per year to the country. Assam is still the highest produce of item and its quality is still unmatched worldwide. Assam is known for tea. Assam tea plantations , present have a resident population of more than 20 lakhs and a workface of more than nine lakhs; they are the most important people of states economy. At present, tea is grown all over Assam. In the districts of Upper Assam Valley; Dibrugarh, Dhemaji, Golaghat, Jorhat, Lakhimpur, Sibasagar and Tinsukia one comes across miles and miles of planted tea. Assam is considered the heart of Indias $1.5 billion tea industry and accounted for over 50 percent of the total annual production of 980 million kg in 2009. The tea plant is grown in the low land of Assam unlike Darjeeling and Nilgris which are grown in the highland. The Assam tree bush grows in a low land region in the valley of the

Brahmaputra region, area of clay soil rich with the nutrients of the floodplain. The climate varies between a cool, arid winter and a hot humid rainy season. Because of the lengthy growing season and generous rainfall, Assam is one of the most prolisic tea producing region in the world. Each year tea estate of Assam collectively yield approx 680,400 kgs of tea. Assam is the pioneer of tea production and is known as the Garden Of The Tea World.

Objectives Of The Study

(i)

To highlight the role of Tea garden labourers in economic development of the state. To highlight the various problems of the Suntok Tea Garden labourers. To make focus on the ways to save the tea problems being faced by tea garden labourers.

(ii) (iii)

1.3 Methodology

The methodology adopted for eliciting the data required for the study was survey method. The respondents are the labourers of the tea garden. The survey was carried in the Suntok Tea Garden. The survey was carried out with the help of a structured questionnaire, which helps in accomplishing the research objectives. The repondents by means of personal interview administer this structured ended questionnaire. The information needed to further proceed in the project had been collected through secondary data. In brief-

i)

Primary Data collected by virtue of structured questionnaire and respondents were Tea garden labourers.

ii)

Secondary Data were collected from internet search, books, journals etc.

1.4 Significance

The tea industry, which is the single largest industry of Assam, is also the largest labouroriented industry. It plays an important role in the economy of Assam. A large portion of the population of the state is directly or indirectly dependent on this industry . This industry provides livelihood to more than one million workers directly and more than three million dependents indirectly. Labourers are always expected to increase the production and to contribute to net profit. The satisfied labour is a pecuniary liability for an organization and management should take due care of it. Since the tea industry is a labour intensive industry and tea gardens are earning a lot by using labourers they should chalk out some strategies for the health, welfare and safety of the labourers.

1.5 Time of Planting

The Assam Tea generally harvested twice in a first flush and second flush. 1) Autumn planting- October- November 2) Spring planting- March- April Generally spring planting is followed in the estate and sometimes autumn planting is also done when nursery. The time of planting is adjusted in such a way that the soil remain in moist condition for at least 1-2 month after planting. In second flush, harvested later is the more prized tippy tea , named thus for gold tips that appear on the leaves. The second flush, is sweeter and more full bodied and is generally considered superior to the first flush tea. The leaves of the Assam tea flush are dark green and glossy and fairly wide compared to those of the Chinese tea plant. The bush produces delicate white blossoms.

1.6Manufacture of Tea
(i) Transportation and Handling of Green Leaves Green leaves should be very carefully handled during plucking , transportation and withering to get good quality tea. Damage of leaf in these stages adversely affects the quality of made tea. Overhandling and compaction generate heat in the leaf mass causing reddening and premature fermentation resulting in poor quality of tea. (ii) Reducing leaf damage Following measures may be suggested for reducing leaf damage: 1. Number of handling should be reduced. 2. Packing of excess green leaves per basket and per trailor beyond their capacity should be avoided. 3. Unnecessary delay and handling should be avoided. 4. The workers should not be allowed to walk on and sit over the leaf. 5. Baskets of green leaf should be kept in shade and some air space is to be provided between baskets for air circulation during transportation.

Withering
Withering is the process through which water is removed from the tea leaf. Thus reducing the cost of drying the final products and at the same time converting the fresh green leaf into a

situation in which it can be rolled.During withering ,both physical and chemical changes takes place.

1.7 Change in climate affecting the plantation of tea

Climate change is affecting the cultivation of Assam tea, with rising temperatures reducing yields and altering the distinctive flavour of India's most popular drink. High hills and abundant rainfall make the north-eastern state of Assam an ideal place to grow tea, with 850 gardens over 320,000 hectares (593,000 acres) producing the majority of the country's harvest. But in the last 60 years, rainfall has fallen by more than a fifth and minimum temperature has risen by a degree to 19.5C. "This is clearly climate change, and it is bound to have major impact on the tea industry," said Debakanta Handique, a climate scientist in Assam. The Tea Board of India said it had recorded a steady decline in tea production in recent years. In 2007, Assam produced 512,000 tonnes of tea. By 2008 this had declined to 487,000 tonnes, with estimated production in 2009 down again to 445,000. A further decrease is expected this year. Mridul Hazarika, director of Tocklai Tea Research, the oldest tea research station in the world, said rainfall and minimum temperature were two of the most important factors affecting both quality and quantity of harvests. "The decline has been taking place although there has been an increase in the area of tea cultivation as new gardens have come up, and many gardens have added new areas for tea plantation. This is an indication of the seriousness of the threat," said Hazarika. Efficient rainwater harvesting and new breeds of tea plants were needed to reverse the trend. "Changes have already been observed in the flavour, but it is not possible to blame only climate change for this," he said. "Other factors like the fertilisers used and cultivation methods might

also be partly responsible." The changing taste of Assam tea is a serious concern for growers. Sudipta Nayan Goswami, an Assam-based planter, said subtle changes had already been observed: "The flavour has changed from what it was before. The creamy and strong flavour is no more." "There is a huge demand for Assam tea abroad, and this is due to its strong, bright flavour. The changes will sharply hamper the demand for this variety of tea abroad."

1.8 Tea Economy of Assam

In 1997, the State had 2470 tea gardens spread over 230 thousand hectares. Between 2005 and 2006, the state produced 476 million kgs of tea. Presently, the state has 39,139 tea estates in 507 thousand hectares of land. It shows that the state has increased tea production as well as tea cultivation substantially over a period of time. Assam produces 51.2 per cent in 200506 of the tea produced in India and about 1/6th of the tea produced in the world. Tea industry has contributed substantially to the economy of Assam by providing employment to nearly half a million population, contributing revenues and support to develop other infrastructure and service sector over the years.4 Presently, there are nearly 188 major tea estates in Assam managed by different big private companies. There are two types of tea companies in Assam. One is big company and the other called propertied tea company or single owned tea company or family owned tea company. Currently, almost 20 per cent of the tea business is controlled by Assamese tea planters. The Government of Assam also owns tea gardens and these are managed by the Assam State Tea Development Corporation.

The tea plantations are mainly concentrated in upper Assam, Barak valley and central Assam. The small tea growers are spread around the big tea gardens where the small growers supply green leaf. For the big tea garden management, workers in a small tea garden are generally considered an ex-labourer. After independence, along with the Plantation Labour Act 1955, the

Tea Board was set up to provide facilities for the growth of the tea industry in India.

CHAPTER-2

AREA PROFILE

SANTOK TEA GARDEN P.O. Nazira, District Sivasagar,Assam. Registered No:2570

CHAPTER-3

3.1 PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTUS OF THE TEA ESTATE

Tea industry is an important agro based industry in India. It is highly organized and labour intensive industry which faces number of problems in the field , factory and management due to its complex nature.

Some problems which can be solved or tackled with proper supervision and by adopting suitable techniques below:

1. Problems related with management

(i) Land Utilisation: If proper land replanting programme is done and planted with suitable planting materials, then there is a scope for the estate to upgrade the productivity. Labour: It is evident that there is sufficient permanent and temporary labourers in the tea gardens but even though the estate faces labour problem occasionally in peak production period due to labour absenteeism and minor labour dispute. The labour problem leads to delayed in plucking and ultimately the quality is deteriorated. Labour development programme as well as the labour welfare programme is very important from labour productivity point of view and for better industrial relationship.

(ii)

2. Problems related with field

Drainage: To remove the excess water the drain should be provided. In rainy season, the management faces some problem which is associated with the drainage system. The problem is that the drainage is criss cross through numerous culverts in the existing roads path. So to have full potential the culverts have to be deep enough.

To have an effective drainage system,The contour drains should be provided. Again due to sandy loam texture of soil there is a problem of land sliding in road side drains. So the management should give special attention in deepening and cleaning of drains. A good drainage system not only remove the excess of water but also maintain the water table and affects the soil aeration.

3. Problems related with the factory

The problems associated with different stages of manufacture are mentioned below: (i) Green leaf handling: Proper handling of green leaf is very important from quality point of view. Sometimes the leaves are damaged before it reach the factory. The cause may be plucked leaves kept exposed to sun in the field and it causes excessive heat development and leads to early fermentation and produce poor quality liquor. The management should give strict supervision in the field during plucking. Proper supervision also should be paid on standards of plucking. (ii) Defects on the dryer: From the tea tasting analysis it is observed that the quality,strength, colour of the liquor of tea is better which is dried in Vibro Fluid Bed Dryer than in conventional E.C.P Dryers. The spreading of fermented leaves on the dryer tray is not uniform, some tray moves without leaves and it leads to the undesired drying. Proper care should be taken to input the fermented leaves with uniform

thickness to the dryer and speed of the tray should be adjusted according to the input and output temperature. The moisture content of the dryer mouth tea should be determined time to time and accordingly the speed and air flow rate should be adjusted. In the drying room the wall should have minimum projections to avoid dust accumulation.

Optimum Utilisation Of Each Machine :

To have the effective utilization of the each machine, the machine should be placed according to its function in relation to the processed product. Machineries should be well spaced and only the skilled labour should be engaged with the machineries.

Whenever any problem arises in the field or the factory,that should be tackled or solved according to the situation. In no case the quantity and quality should be lost by the estate. There should be good relationship between the workers and the management for smooth running of the industry.

3.2 ROLE OF LABOUR IN THE TEA INDUSTRY

The tea industry, which is the single largest industry of Assam, is also the largest labouroriented industry. It is an export-oriented, labor-intensive agro-based industry, which occupies an important role in the economy of Assam. This industry is the gift of the colonial administration, favored by geographical and political factors that have paved the way for the early start of tea plantation in Assam. A large portion of the population of the state is directly or indirectly dependent on this industry, with diversified origin, caste and culture. This industry provides livelihood to more than one million workers directly and more than three million dependents indirectly. It employs 2.5 persons per hectare compared to 1.38 persons engaged in agricultural sector. Long back, the tea industry laborers had migrated from various parts of the country, especially from Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh (undivided), Uttar Pradesh (undivided), and West Bengal in search of livelihood. However, the then British government had taken initiatives to attract cheap laborers from various provinces of India for setting up tea industry in Assam. The laborers were recruited for two or three years, but they settled permanently in different parts of Assam. At present, the laborers of the tea gardens hold an important place in the demographic as well as economic map of Assam. In the early period, the recruited laborers were given inhuman treatment. The tea planters exploited the laborers in many ways. However, even after 60 years of independence, the plight of the laborers of the tea gardens of Assam has hardly changed. The ineffective union of the tea workers in this liberalized and globalized economy has resulted in lowering their bargaining power with the planters. Thus, the economic condition of the laborers has hardly improved,

resulting in deterioration of their health as well as social status. Since, health is the asset of the laborers, deterioration of health condition would push them back further in other aspects. Therefore, an earnest and immediate policy change by the government and the tea estates is required to improve the health condition of the laborers. The present paper is an attempt to explore the dynamics of the health condition of the laborers of a tea garden of Assam with an objective to provide some policy suggestions. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: It presents a brief review of literature, followed by the profile of the sample tea garden as well as the sample laborers and the analysis

The total labour force can be broadly categorized into three classes i.e, male, female and children. To meet the demand of labour force during peak plucking season, the estate management engage a huge number of labour for plucking and other operations. Casual labours are also engaged in sorting, packing, grading, pruning operations during peak season.

Child labours are generally engaged in weeding, cleaning out of pruned bushes, filling the nursery mixture in the polythene bag, watering in nursery bed and manuring . Female labours are mainly engaged for plucking weeding and cleaning out of pruning litters in the field. They are also engaged in various operations in young tea sactions and sorting operation in factory.

3.3 LABOUR PROBLEM IN THE TEA GARDEN

In the early period, the laborers were given inhuman treatment. The tea planters exploited the laborers in many ways. However, even after 60 years of independence, the plight of the laborers of the tea gardens of Assam has hardly changed. The ineffective union of the tea workers in this liberalized and globalized economy has resulted in lowering their bargaining power with the planters. Thus, the economic condition of the laborers has hardly improved, resulting in deterioration of their health as well as social status. Since, health is the asset of the labourers, deterioration of health condition would push them back further in other aspects. Therefore, an earnest and immediate policy change by the government and the tea estates is required to improve
the health condition of the labourers.

Status of Women and Children:

There are no maternity benefit schemes for the tea garden workers. It has been observed that during pregnancy and post natal period, women continue to engage in hard jobs. The most labour-intensive function plucking is a delicate operation that is often viewed as womens work. Given few childcare alternatives, women who pluck tea often bring their young children with them into the fields. Most allegations of child labour in the tea industry involve the functions of plucking, weeding, hoeing, and nursery work. A 1992 report on child labour on tea plantations in Northeast says: Most of the child workers are employed as casuals. Children are found to do such strenuous work as plucking under very severe climatic conditions; they are

assigned to nursery work, fertilization, carrying of heavy loads and household work. They are also made to work in the factories, against established law.

The Plantation Labour Act of 1951 prohibits the employment of children under the age of 12 on any plantation, but permitted and regulated the employment of children aged 12 through 14 as well as adolescents, defined as those between the ages of 15 and 17. The Act requires both children and adolescents wishing to work to obtain a certificate of fitness from a certified medical practitioner. In addition, they may not work more than 27 hours a week, or at night. The Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act of 1986 amended certain portions of the Plantation Labour Act of 1951 by raising minimum age for employment from 12 to 14 years of age. In 1990, the Government of Assam estimated that there were 96,535 children employed on tea gardens in Assam, making up over 14 per cent of the total workforce.

Health of Tea Garden Labourers:

The survey of G.K. Medhi and others concluded that high magnitude of under nutrition and infectious diseases exist among tea garden population. Nutritional problems like underweight among children (59.9 per cent), adult (69.8 per cent) and micronutrient deficiency disorder like anaemia (72 per cent) were widespread. Common infections diseases among them include worm infestation (65.4 per cent), respiratory problems (6.7 per cent), diarrhoea (1.7 per cent), skin infections, filariasis (0.6 per cent) and pulmonary tuberculosis (11.7 per cent). Thus, the study has shown acute problem of health of the tea garden labourers.

It has been observed that the available primary health units at the tea garden are often understaffed, never fully equipped and do not store all required medicine stock. For medical emergencies, the respondents say they have to travel many kilometres to reach a Government Primary Health Centre. Availability of drinking water facilities through ring wells and ponds in the coolie lines is very low. The Tea Board of Indias own statistics show that as per Plantation Labour Act, situation in Assam valley is worst in providing facilities like educational, health and drinking water.

Labour Dispute:
Some minor dispute took place because of labour unemployment ,non payment of various dues in times etc. These are to be settled by the management with the help of union leaders.

Child Mortality:
Child mortality is also observed whose reasons are not known to the labourers, indicating the lack of awareness among the labourers, indicating the lack of awareness among the labourers. Further, the labourers donot show any interest to go to hospital for treatment. The labourers are ignorant or are not conscious about personal hygiene sanitation practices. Therefore,health awareness among the tea industry labourers is very poor. Thus, the government as well as the authority should consider this serious issue as an integral part of the developmelent plan, for equitable and sustainable economic growth of the country.

Various Diseases:
The health status of the labourers is much below. The labourers are suffering from various disorders like fever, cough,anemia, hypertension, gastric problems, skin problems, etc. Moreover, the member of labour families died due to tuberculosis, high blood pressure, lack of proper treatment and so on.

Wage Problem:
The wage structure cannot meet the requirement of the labourers. They cannot even fulfil their basic needs. Labourers are not satisfied with the wages they get. Due to inflation the prices of various things has gone so high that it was impossible for them to fulfil their primary needs. Late wage payment were another huge problem with some workers receiving their wages as late as 3 to 4 months after the due date.

Problems faced by migrant labourers:

A good number of these migrant labourers initially suffered from mal-adjustment, some of them died, others went back home after the expiry of the contract period, and still other fled away before the expiry of that period. A major section of the groups, however, survived that stage and had gradually been making up their mind to make a permanent settlement in the new habitat, in a new economy and remote from this original home.

Illiteracy:
Child labour should be immediately abolished from the tea gardens in the state and the education system should be improved by upgrading the schools and providing them better education. The children are not literate. They are not getting proper education facilities. Labourers are very much worried for their childrens future.

Sickness is the major cause of labour absenteeism .So proper facilities should be provided to the labourers. Proper drinking wate , medical facility ,etc should be given.Thus, these are some of the major problems faced by the labourers .

3.4 Problems faced by the labourers of Suntok Tea Garden

During my visit to SUNTOK TEA ESTATE, an interaction was made with some labourers and it was found that they are leading such a life which requires careful attention. There are total 787 permanent labourers in the Suntok tea garden.

Following are the problems faced by labourers in the Suntok tea garden are as follows: (a)The problems they are facing is that they are not getting proper drinking water, due to which workers are suffering from various disorders like fever , cough, anemia, skin problems etc. (b)They are not getting education facilities. Their children are not getting proper education due to which they are not literate and face many problems. (c) They are not satisfied with the wages paid to them. Due to inflation, they are not able to fulfil their basic needs with the wages paid to themThey are not getting proper medical treatment even they have hospital there but no medical facility is provided. They have to go to town for further treatment.

(e)They are not satisfied with the wages paid to them. Due to inflation, they are not able to fulfil their basic needs with the wages paid to them. (f) There are no maternity benefit schemes for them. It has been observed that during pregnancy and post natal period, women continue to engage in hard jobs. (g) They are suffering from various disorders like fever, cough, anaemia, hypertension, gastric problems,skin problems, etc. Moreover, the member of their families died due to tuberculosis, high blood pressure, lack of proper treatment and so on.

(h) Primary health units at the tea garden are often understaffed, never fully equipped and do not store all required medicine stock. For medical emergencies, they have to travel many kilometres to reach a Government Primary Health Centre, due to which many labourers die before reaching there. (i)There is no provision for redressal and grievances sells in the Suntok Tea Garden where they can place their problems. The lack of such sell deprived the

labourers from placing their problems to the authority which sometimes leads to conflict among themselves and or with the management. (j)They donot have any idea over the family planning which creates a problem not only to themselves but to the entire economy as a whole. (k) Transportation facility is very poor in the garden. (l) The garden doesnot have any entertaining prospect which creates monotony among the labourers. As a consequence often it is found that they quarrel with their wives and children and takes the help of wine to get rid of their anger. (m) They donot have residable home. The structure is quite poor. There is no sanitation facility. Service latins are provided to them which is quite unhygienic which gives birth to many authority but quality of the food stuff is not upto the mark. (p) There is only one time retirement benefit given in lumpsum. There should be a minimum monthly pension for the retired labourers. (q) Though they get free ration from the authority but quality of the food stuff is not upto the mark.

CHAPTER-4

4.1 Recommendations & Suggestions:

Labour Development Programme:
1. Proper education facility should be provided to labourers.

a. Primary school providing education to high school and middle school should be built up within the campus of the tea garden for easy access of kids of tea garden labourers. b. The owner should provide the requirements of the tea gardeners kids in the school. c. d. e. f. g. Books and journals should be provided. Dormitories should be constructed. School dresses/books should be provided. Adult education should be provided. Public libraries and reading rooms should be constructed.

h. Development of human resource through vocational and technical education. . 2. Proper health care should be taken.

a. Provision of medical equipments of basic/elementary type, X-Ray, ECG machines etc. should be provided by authority. b. Equipment for Dental Clinic should be provided. c. First-aid kit for midwives should be provided.

d. Public toilets and bathroom should be constructed. e. Mobile dispensaries should be set up in rural areas by Government. f. Health Awareness Programme should be provided. g. Eye camps should be provided.

h. Control of Malaria, Filaria, Leprosy, AIDS etc.

3. Infrastructure should be developed:

i. ii.

Rural Sanitation should be provided. Solar Street Lights should be constructed. Strengthening of existing roads.

iii.

Kutcha roads should be strengthened and constructed.

iv. Drinking water facility should be provided Tube wells, water tank sshould be constructed. v. vi. Existing roads should be maintained and repaired. Public Distribution System and its improvement (in terms of infrastructure).

vii. Industries Handloom, tiny units, handicraft, furniture making should be provided. viii. ix. x. Bridges and roads should be maintained and repaired. Drains and gutters should be maintained. Footpaths, pathways and footbridges should be maintained and constructed.

xi. Civic amenities like electricity, water, pathways, public toilets etc.should be provided. xii. Common work sheds in slums and for artisans should be provided.

xiii. xiv.

Bus sheds/stops for public transport passengers should be constructed. Works of any type other than special repairs for restoration/ up gradation of

any asset should be repaired and maintained. xv. Buildings for local bodies for recognized District or State Sports Associations and for cultural and sport activities for hospitals (provision of multigym facilities in gymnastic centres, sports association, physical education training institutions etc.) should be constructed.

4. Social Sector should also be developed: i. ii. iii. iv. Community centres should be constructed. Rural Sanitation should be provided. Construction of common shelters for the old and handicapped. Training for youth for self employment and skill up gradation.

5.On time payment 6. Labour compensation

4.2 CONCLUSION

Tea Gardens have been earning a huge amount of real profit from the estates but in my study of Suntok Tea Estate. It has been have observed that a very nominal amount is spent on health safety infrastructures welfare aspects of labourers which leads to high dissatisfaction among the labourers . It is always read in newspaper that a cool war in general and a war in specific situation between the Labourers and Management. To get rid of this problem they should chalk out a pragmatic plan and it should be properly implemented. Labourers are always expected to increase the production and to contribute to net profit. But during my survey it was observed that to say that management doesnot take due care of their problems doesnot seem to be an exaggeration. Since tea industry is a labour oriented industry. With the growth and expansion of globalization, liberlisation and privatization information and communication technologies have developed to a great extent. Various modern technologies have been introduced to boost up the production with the help of improved quality of seeds and technologies. The authority should take due care of all these discoveries and inventions to improve their profitability as well as the life standard of labourers.

The satisfied labour is a pecuniary liability for an organization and management should take due care of it. Since the tea industry is a labour intensive industry and tea gardens are earning a lot by using labourers they should chalk out some strategies for the health, welfare and safety of the labourers.

The sense of belongingness should be developed among the labourers so that

they feel safe and secure during their service life and motivate themselves to their obligations towards the organization. Jobs satisfaction is not only the criteria for the worker but its fruits is also enjoyed by the organization. Hence, management should behave in such a way so that maximum job satisfaction can be derived to a labour which leads to success of the organization. There is a good Social Responsibility begins where law ends. Hence, management should realize that above the law there is humanity and management should feel that while drafting some laws due care of humanity is taken or not. A motivated labour is an asset for an organization and when he/she well satisfied he will think for the organization. Hence, management should draft their plans and strategies for their all round development of employees. Wages should be appropriate to be disbursed in time, recression, entertainment facilities provided , infrastructure should be properly developed from time to time. Bonus should be given to the labourers to realize them their part and parcel of the organization. When their needs will be fulfilled, automatically they will submit themselves to the organization which will help the organization to achieve its pre-determined goals.

APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRE
This questionnaire is prepared for the purpose of dissertation of B.COM 3rd year project-work on the topic A study on the problems of TEA GARDEN LABOURERS with reference to Santok tea garden.

(a) Name(b) Fathers Name(c) Mothers Name(d) Age(e) Nationality(f) Sex(g) Religion(h) Caste(i) Nature of the job(j) Length of the job(k) Diseases suffered by the labour- ( High blood pressure, Low blood pressure, Skin problems, Intestine problems, Throat problem, Gastric problem (l) Other problems-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. www.google.com 2.The information incorporated in the report are collected by on spot visit, discussing with management personnels as well as consulting various books. 3.Labour Problems and HT Planning of Assam Tea Industry-By B.Kalita 4.Assam Tea Garden-By N.Verma 5.The Tea Industry of Assam,Origin and Development-By Dr. Pradip Boruah.