4prim Math Term2

Unit one
Fractions and decimals
Lesson 1 : Revision on fractions
Lesson 2 : Adding a fraction and a whole number.
Primary 4
Lesson 3 : Decimals.
Lesson 4 : more about decimals.
Lesson 5 : Comparing decimals .
Lesson 6 : Operations on decimals.
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Primary 4
Notice that :
Is a fraction ,3 is called a numerator and 4 is called a denominator.
If the numerator and the denominator is multiplied or dividedby any
number other than zero , we get an equal fraction.
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Primary 4
If the numerator
the denominator ,then its called an improper fraction
If the numerator
2 8 the denominator ,then its is called propr fraction.
17
Improper fraction
quotient
16 1
EX:
The decimal is a fraction with denominator 10 , 100 0r 1000 ,.
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Primary 4
Hundreds tens
Units
Decimal point
tenths
Hundredths
thousandths
This read as three hundred twenty five and nine hundred twenty seven
thousandths.
Writing zeroes at the end of the decimal fraction does not change its
value.
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Primary 4
Remember that
2x5
10
1m
100 cm
4 x 25
100
1cm
100 mm
8 x 125
1000
1 Km
1000 m
1L.E
100 P.T
1 Kg
1000 gm
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Primary 4
Sheet 1
Lesson 1, 2
1 Complete each of the following:
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Primary 4
e 6
f Three fifths
2 Convert into an improper fraction:
c 4
d 1
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Primary 4
e 5
f 1
3 Convert into a mixed numbers:
c Thirteen thirds
d 17 quarters
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Primary 4
a 3 halves
, then
c In the improper fraction, the numerator is ..the denominator.
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Primary 4
sheet 2
lesson 3 , 4
1 write in a decimal form:
Six and four tenths .
..
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Primary 4
Thirty two and five hundredths .
..
Twelve and twelve hundredths.
..
Five and fortytwo thousandths.
..
2 complete each of the following:
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Primary 4
as a decimal form
3.36 . in words
3.7
3 .
3.456
..
0.006
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Primary 4
0.4
0.2
0.3
..
3 hundreds
6 units 4 tenths.
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Primary 4
The place value of the digit 3 in the number 25 . 23 is ..and its
value is
3 write in a decimal form:
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Primary 4
4 choose the correct answer:
a The place value of 3 in 2.37 is .. units , tens , tenths , hundredths
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Primary 4
b 0.6
hundredths .
6 , 60 , 600
c 0.25
..
d Thirty five thousandths
3.5 , 0.35 , 0.035
e 0.3
0.7
0.1 , 1 , 10
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Primary 4
27 tenths
2.7 , 0.27 , 270
5 write the missing numbers on the number line:
............
............
............
24
25
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
Sheet 3
Lesson 5
1 write the missing numbers :
a 0.6
b .
0.16
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Primary 4
c 0.2
. 0.3
f 0.19
..
0.2
d .
0.3
g 0.14
0.15
e 73.02
. 73.022
0.6
..
2 put the suitable sign
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Primary 4
a 6.98
5.98
e 1.25
b 5.25
5.23
1.05
c 3.60
3.6
g 3hundreds and 4 tenths
30.04
d 1.2
0.999
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Primary 4
3 aArrange in an ascending order:
0.35 , 0.53 , 5.3 , 3.5 , 0.5
b Arrange in a descending order:
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Primary 4
2.7 , 1.8 , 2
, 2.43
Sheet 4
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Primary 4
Lesson 6
1 find the result:
a 4 . 6 2
6 . 3 5
. 8
1 2 . 5 9 4
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Primary 4
C 7 . 9 8 d
6 . 3 8
5 . 1 3 2
2 . 9
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Primary 4
3.3
1.32
3.85
..
h 0. 1 2 5 .
2 . 2 6
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Primary 4
2 Fill in the missing numbers:
a .
3.6
d 1.3
2.3
.. 7
b 4.2
..
5. 3
e 2
..
3 .7
c 3 . 8
1.4
2.2
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Primary 4
g 4.3
10
h 4.8
3.14
k Two fifths
..
whole one.
10
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Primary 4
a 2.1
3.2
5.1
1.3
d 6.3
1.4
2.1 0.4
b 2.3
5.4
8 0.3
e 5
5. 125
c 7 . 32 1.93
6 . 78 0.42
5.3
1.6
0.9
4 fill in the missing digits:
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Primary 4
3 . 2
8 3 . 5 7
5 .
. 7 3 4
. 7
2 4 .
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Primary 4
5 a Ibrahim bought a ball for L.E 9. 75 and a book for L.E 8 . 5 .How much
money did he pay?
b Ahmed has L.E 5. 35 and his sister Heba has L.E 8.7 ,find the difference
between what they have.
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Primary 4
..
c The price of one Kg of meat is L.E 35 , a family eats one and half Kg .of meat
every week ,How much money did this family pay for the meat in a month?.
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Primary 4
Sheet 5
Lesson 6
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Primary 4
a 734
100
e 230 P.T
L.E ..
b 340
1000
f 3267 gm
..Kg
c .
10
45 . 2
g 285 cm
.. m
d 393
10
h 39 dm.
..m
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Primary 4
a 372
10
372
100
b 4.3
2.5
480
100
c 1325 m
1. 325 Km
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Primary 4
d 6140 gm
6 . 1 4 Kg
a 25.4
..
0 . 4 , 1 . 4 , 4 . 1 , 14
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Primary 4
c .
10
4.5
4 . 5 , 0. 45 , 54 , 45
d 75
..
0.75
10 , 100 , 1000 , 1
4.3
2.7
10
..
6 , 7 , 0.7 , 70
f 4 9 50 Kg
5 tons
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Primary 4
Unit 1 test
a 1.6
8.6
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Primary 4
b 3 . 65
0 . 05
530 . 64
237 . 1
894 . 7
89 . 58
d The value of the digit 5 in 2 . 354 is
e 2
hundredths.
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Primary 4
a 2
..
c 0.8
..
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Primary 4
0 . 007 , 0 . 07 , 0 . 7
e 0.1
..
0.2
0.3 , 0.12 , 0.002
3 a write the value of the circled digit:
3 . 8 5 ..
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Primary 4
2 5 5 .2 5
3 8 . 1 0 2
bwrite three decimal numbers between 0.3 and 0.4 .
..
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Primary 4
4 a Find the result:
a 4 . 47
c 15.29
12
d b 285 100 ..
3. 8
2.5
3 .9
..
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Primary 4
b put the suitable sign
a `6 . 37
10
637
1000
b 12 . 5
1.7
7 . 82
7 . 75
c 4.32.9
5.1
3 .8
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Primary 4
d 385 cm
4 meters
5 a Arrange in an ascending order :
5 . 38 , 5 . 83 , 3 . 85 , 3 . 58 , 5 . 3
The order : ..
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Primary 4
b Ibrahim has L.E 60 , he bought a toy for L.E 32 . 75 and a book for L.E 19 . 5
.find the left money with him.
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
Lesson 1 : Approximating to the nearest 10
Lesson 2 : Approximating to the nearest 100 and 1000
Lesson 3 : Approximating to the nearest 10 000 and 100 000
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Primary 4
Lesson 4 : Approximating to the nearest unit
Lesson 5 : Approximating to the nearest tenth
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
Notice that:
The approximation is replacing the exact number by a simpler number closer
to it.
Rules:
When approximating a number to the nearest 10 :
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Primary 4
increase the tens digit by 1 and replace the units digit by 0 if the units
digit is 5 or more.
Keep the tens digit as it is and replace the units digit by o if the units
digit is less than 5
When approximating a number to the nearest 100 :
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Primary 4
increase the hundreds digit by 1 and replace all the digits to its right by
0 if the tens digit is 5 or more.
Keep the hundreds digit as it is and replace all the digits by o if the tens
digit is less than 5
When approximating a number to the nearest unit whole number :
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Primary 4
Cancel the fraction or the decimal part and increase the units digit by 1
if the fraction is 0.5 or more
Cancel the fraction or the decimal part and keep the whole number as it
is ,if the fraction is less than 0.5.
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Primary 4
Sheet 6
Lesson 1 , 2 , 3
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Primary 4
4 6
to the nearest 10
328
to the nearest 100
152 8
to the nearest 1000
629
..
to the nearest 1000
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Primary 4
392
to the nearest hundreds
a 38
40 to the nearest ..
ten , hundred , thousand
450 to the nearest 10
455 , 443 , 448
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Primary 4
c ..
5000 to the nearest 1000
5432 , 5623 , 4236
d 279
to the nearest hundred
200 , 700 , 270 , 300
e 47765
to the nearest ten thousands
40000 , 50000 , 30000
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Primary 4
6584 . 37
10 , 100 , 1000
g 9
to the nearest 10
1 , 0 , 90 , 10
h 8 . 56
to the nearest 10
10 , 9 . 56 , 9
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Primary 4
3 Find the result then complete:
a 3765
2437
..
to the nearest 100
b 8173
2534
..
to the nearest 1000
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Primary 4
c 534 . 3
28 . 37
to the nearest 100
d 85372
100
..
to the nearest 100
e 623 . 3
53 . 5
..
to the nearest 10
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Primary 4
4 a write four whole numbers if each approximated to the nearest 100 , the
result is 600.
..
b write four whole numbers if each approximated to the nearest 1000 , we
get 3000.
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Primary 4
..
5 a Ibrahim bought 8 books for L.E 7 each ,How much did he pay ? to the
nearest 10
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Primary 4
b Ibrahim bought a fridge for L.E 1346.4 and a stove for L.E 925.8 ,calculate
what did he pay approximating the result to the nearest 1000.
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Primary 4
Sheet 7
Lesson 4
a 5.7
to the nearest unit
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Primary 4
b 3
..
to the nearest unit
c 6.38
..
to the nearest unit
d 24
to the nearest unit
e 0.72
to the nearest unit
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Primary 4
to the nearest unit
g 240 P.T
.L.E
to the nearest L.E
h 2 . 3 5 Km
..m
to the nearest metre
235 cm
to the nearest metre
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Primary 4
450 cm2
..m2
to the nearest squared metre
k 5
Kg
.Kg
to the nearest Kg
3165 dm2
m2
to the nearest m2
m 17 days
week/s.
to the nearest week
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Primary 4
n 34 months
.year.
to the nearest year
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Primary 4
a 3 . 85
to the nearest whole number .
3 , 4 ,3.9
b P.T 1935
L.E
20 , 19 , 19 .6
c 725 gm
..K.g
1 , 8 , 7. 25
d P.T 325
L.E
4 , 3 , 5 ,6
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Primary 4
3 aIbrahim bought a book for L.E 7
and a sharpener for L.E 0.45, How
much money did he pay? Approximated to the nearest L.E .
bSarah bought 3 K.g of apples for P.T 475 each .How much money did she
pay ? approximated to the nearest pound .
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Primary 4
cThe length of a rectangle is 13.7 cm and its width is 8.2 cm .find its
perimeter. Approximated to the nearest cm .
..
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Primary 4
dThe side length of a square is 24 cm .find its perimeter . Approximated to
the nearest metre .
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Primary 4
Sheet 8
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Primary 4
Lesson 5
1 Approximate to the nearest
a 6. 2 8
b 0 . 57
...
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Primary 4
c 13 . 2 3 1
e 12
d 5
..
7 . 26
2 Complete the following:
To the nearest 10
. . . .
538 . 254
To the nearest 100 To the nearest unit To the nearest tenth
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Primary 4
3 Find the result then approximate to the nearest tenth:
a 23 . 75
16 . 4
0 . 386
..
b 538
1000
c 15 . 4
6 . 916
5.3 cm
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Primary 4
3.7 cm
d 0 . 5678
1000
..
4 Find the perimeter of the opposite figure:
2.1cm
4.2 cm
approximated to the nearest cm .
..
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Primary 4
Unit 2 test
376 P.T
L.E
240 cm2
.. m2
.. to the nearest unit
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Primary 4
4.2
.to the nearest tenth.
782
100
to the nearest 10.
1 . 5 to the nearest tenth.
1 . 44 , 1 . 56 , 1 . 52
29 days
.weeks
4 ,5 ,6 , 7
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Primary 4
327
unit , ten , hundred
443 . 2
0 to the nearest ..
unit , ten , thousand
20 months
.. year/s.
1 , 2 , 3 , 4
3 awrite the greatest number and the smallest whole number that if
approximated to the nearest ten , we get 50 .
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Primary 4
The greatest
..
the smallest
..
b complete:
To the nearest tenth
. . . . .
382 . 85
To the nearest unit To the nearest 10 To the nearest 100 To the nearest 1000
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Primary 4
4 find the result ,then approximate to the nearest . :
a 34 . 77
one decimal place
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Primary 4
b 37 . 59
28 . 461
..
whole one .
c 18540
1000
..
ten .
d 43 . 8
21 . 04
..
..
hundred
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Primary 4
5 Mariam bought a dress for L.E 89 . 6 and a blouse for L.E 30 . 75 .if she had
L.E 200 .Find the left money with her . approximated to the nearest pound .
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
Lesson 1 :Congruency
Lesson 2 : Symmetric figures ,line of symmetry.
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Primary 4
Lesson 3 : Coordinate system.
Lesson 4 : Visual patterns.
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
Sheet 9
Lesson 1
1 Put
or
A circle and a square can be congruent.
Any two squares are congruent.
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Primary 4
The diagonal of the rectangle divides it into two congruent triangles.
Two triangles are congruent if their corresponding sides are equal in
length.
Two squares are congruent if the side length of the first equals the side length
of the second.
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Primary 4
The diagonal of the parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.
2 draw a line to get two congruent figures if possible :
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
3 complete:
a Two polygons are congruent ,if their corresponding sides are .and
their corresponding angles are
b If the polygon ABCD is congruent to the polygon XYZL ,then
c The rectangle ABCD the rectangle XYZL, then BC
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Primary 4
4 IN the opposite figure ,polygon ABCDEF the polygon ABXYZK,complete:
CD
..
KA
..
..
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Primary 4
5 In the opposite figure , if
AMN
YEJ, complete: A
J
55 45
3 cm
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Primary 4
AM
..
EJ
.. .cm
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Primary 4
..
..
..
Page | 106
Primary 4
6 From the opposite figure ,if FC is a line that divides it into two congruent
B
figures , complete:
60
100
a AB
b BC
..
c M
..
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Primary 4
e The sum of the measures of the interior angles of the polygon CBAF is
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Primary 4
7 Draw a rectangle ABCD where AB
3 cm , BC
5 cm ,then draw a line to
divide it into :
1 two congruent triangles
2 two congruent rectangles
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Primary 4
Sheet 10
Lesson 2
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Primary 4
The square has ..line
s of symmetry.
The rectangle has
..line s of symmetry.
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Primary 4
The parallelogram has
The rhombus has
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Primary 4
The trapezium has
The isosceles trapezium
has ..line s of symmetry.
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Primary 4
The equilateral triangle
has ..line s of symmetry.
The isosceles triangle has
Page | 114
Primary 4
The scalene triangle has
The circle has
.line s of symmetry.
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Primary 4
Number of common lines
of symmetry for two circles and a square is .
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Primary 4
The diagonal of the
rectangle divides it into two triangles ,but it is not a
.of the rectangle.
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Primary 4
Sheet 11
Lesson 3
1 From the coordinates plane ,complete:
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
O
a A
. , .
.
4
9 10
b B
. , .
.
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Primary 4
c C
. , .
d D
. , .
.
C
e ABCD is a ..
f AB
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Primary 4
10 2 on the coordinates plane shown,plot the points A 2, 1 , B 5 , 1 , 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

O
C 5 , 5 and D 2 , 5 .
9 10
a The figure ABCD is
b It has line s of symmetry.
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Primary 4
c Its perimeter
d Its area
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Primary 4
3 Complete:
a If
2,5
2 , x , then x
b If
x,4
3 , y , then x
and y
c If x 2 , 5
6 , 5 , then x
..
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Primary 4
Unit 3 test
1 Complete:
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Primary 4
a Two polygons are congruent if their sides are ...and their
angles are
b If point A 3 , 5 , then 1st coordinate of A is .
c The rhombus has . Line s of symmetry.
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Primary 4
d If 4 , 5
2x , 5 ,then x
2 Choose the correct answer:
a The trapezium has lines of symmetry .
1 , 2 , 4 , 0
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Primary 4
b A square of side length 4 cm can be congruent with another square whose
perimeter is
1 , 4 , 8 , 16
c If
ABC
RST , then
..
R , S , T
d The parallelogram has .line s of symmetry .
1 ,2 , 0 , 3
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Primary 4
e The diagonal of the rectangle divides it into two triangles
congruent , symmetrical , different
3 in the opposite figure:
C Z
5cm
If
ABC
XYZ, then
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Primary 4
XY
..
AC
BC
..cm
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Primary 4
4 in the 2 dimensional coordinate plane ,draw the figure ABCD where
A 2,3 ,B 7 , 3
, C 7 , 8 and D 2 , 8 , then answer the following:
What is the name of the figure ?
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Primary 4
How many lines of symmetry does the figure ABCD has?
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
10
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
Lesson 1 ; Capacity.
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Primary 4
Lesson 2: Weight.
Lesson 3: Time.
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Primary 4
Lesson 4 : Temperature.
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Primary 4
The units of capacity:
1 liter dm3
1000 ml cm 3
The units of weights:
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Primary 4
1 ton
1000 Kg
1 Kg
1000 gm
ton
250 Kg
Kg
250 gm
ton
500 Kg
Kg
500 gm
ton
750 Kg
Kg
750 gm
The units of time:
Page | 136
Primary 4
Century
100 years
hour
20 min
Year
12 months
hour
15 min
Month
30 days
hour
40 min
1 hour
60 min
hour
45 min
hour
30 min
1 minute 60 seconds
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Primary 4
minute
30 seconds
1 day 24 hours
minute
20 seconds
day
12 hours
minute
15 seconds
day
8 hours
minute
40 seconds
day
6 hours
minute 45 seconds.
day
16 hours
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Primary 4
day
18 hours
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Primary 4
Sheet 12
Lesson 1 , 2
a 5000 ml
..litres
b 24 dm3
ml
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Primary 4
c 3 Kg
gm
.. tons
7250 Kg
d 2 tons
..Kg.
Liter
cm3
e 7 liters , 60 ml
.ml
h gm
4 Kg , 500 gm
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Primary 4
1 liter
1 dm
7250 gm
Kg
7 tons
3000 gm
3 Kg
1750 ml
2 liters
Liter 0.75 dm3
1000 ml
liters
225 ml
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Primary 4
5 Kg , 250 gm
Kg
1 liter , 600 ml
2 liters
a The unit of measuring capacity is .. pound , Kilogram , Litre
b Weight of golden ring may be
3 Kg . 3 gm , 300 gm
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Primary 4
Sheet 13
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Primary 4
Lesson 3 , 4
3 hours
.min .
2 hours , 20 min . ..min.
30 days
weeks , .days
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Primary 4
Normal body temperature is
Water boils at ..c
180 seconds
.min.
hour
.min
hour
..seconds
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Primary 4
Hours
40 min
d 50 days
2 months
b Normal body temperature
30 c
e 1800 seconds
hour
c 1
min
75 seconds
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Primary 4
f Freezing point of water
boiling point of water
3 Arrange in an ascending order :
a 1
hours , 120 minutes , 3600 seconds.
..
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Primary 4
day , 3600 seconds , 44 minutes , 1 week .
..
Unit 4 test
a 3 . 5 liters
...ml
b 2 . 37 tons
..Kg
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Primary 4
c 1 hour
.seconds
e 3000 gm
.Kg.
d Water freezes at ..c
a 4000 gm
Kg
4 , 40 , 400 , 40000
Liter
ml
25 , 250 , 2500
Minute
..seconds
50 , 12 , 30 , 45
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Primary 4
d 18 hours
day
e 1 . 5 tons
..Kg
15 , 150 , 1500
3 aArrange in an ascending order :
Liter , 500 ml , 0.6 liters
bput the suitable sign
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Primary 4
a 1 liter , 50 ml
1.5 liters
d 2 hours , 20 min
100 min
b 4 Kg
4000 gm
e 3 weeks , 4 days
25 days
c 1.3 tons
1.3 Kg
4a worker earns L.E 5 . 5 for each working hour .if he spends 10 hours working
each day .calculate his earnings for
a One day
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Primary 4
b 15 days
c A month
d A year
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Primary 4
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Primary 4
Lesson 1 : Collecting and representing data.
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Primary 4
Lesson 2 : Probability.
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Primary 4
Sheet 14
Lesson 1 , 2
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Primary 4
1 There are 40 pupils in a class, 25 of them are girls .if a pupil is chosen
randomly then , find the probability that the pupil is
a A girl
b A boy
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Primary 4
2 complete:
a The probability of the impossible event is
b Probability of getting a tail when tossing a coin is .
c Probability of getting an odd number when rolling a die once is
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Primary 4
d The probability of any possible event is between and
3 the following table shows the production of a car factory within 6 months in
hundreds.
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Primary 4
Month
July
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Number
of cars
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Primary 4
Represent these data by a histogram.
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Primary 4
Sheet 15
Lesson 1 , 2
1 A die is rolled once , find the probability of getting :
a An odd number
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Primary 4
b The number 5
c A number less than 7
d A number more than 2
e A number more than 8
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Primary 4
2 A box contains 3 red balls , 5 blue balls and 4 green balls ,if a ball is chosen
at random , the find the probability that the ball is :
a Red
b Yellow
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Primary 4
c Green or red
d Not green
3 The table below represents money which Mona and sandy saved in three
months :
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Primary 4
Name
month
Jan.
Feb.
March
Mona
10
25
25
Sandy
20
15
25
Page | 167
Primary 4
Represent these data by a double bar graph.
Unit 5 test
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Primary 4
1 30 cards are numbered from 1 to 30 .if a card is chosen at random then find
the probability that the number on this card is :
a Even
b Divisible by 5
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Primary 4
c Between 10 and 15
d Less than 13
a Probability of .event is 1 .
possible , sure , impossible
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Primary 4
b When rolling a die once , then the probability of getting a number more
than 7 is .
, 0 ,
c Probability of getting an even number when rolling a die once is .
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Primary 4
3 The following table shows the marks obtained by Mohamed and salma in the
Subject
final exams:
Name
Arabic
Math
science
S.studies
English
Mohamed
24
25
21
23
20
Salma
22
24
23
19
22
Represent these data by a double bar graph.
Page | 172

4prim Math Term2

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4prim Math Term2

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Unit one

Fractions and decimals

Lesson 1 : Revision on fractions

Lesson 2 : Adding a fraction and a whole number.

Lesson 4 : more about decimals.

Lesson 5 : Comparing decimals .

Lesson 6 : Operations on decimals.

Is a fraction ,3 is called a numerator and 4 is called a denominator.

If the numerator and the denominator is multiplied or dividedby any

number other than zero , we get an equal fraction.

the denominator ,then its called an improper fraction

2 8 the denominator ,then its is called propr fraction.

The decimal is a fraction with denominator 10 , 100 0r 1000 ,.

1 Complete each of the following:

2 Convert into an improper fraction:

3 Convert into a mixed numbers:

4 Complete each of the following:

c In the improper fraction, the numerator is ..the denominator.

1 write in a decimal form:

Six and four tenths .

Thirty two and five hundredths .

Twelve and twelve hundredths.

Five and fortytwo thousandths.

2 complete each of the following:

The place value of the digit 3 in the number 25 . 23 is ..and its

3 write in a decimal form:

4 choose the correct answer:

a The place value of 3 in 2.37 is .. units , tens , tenths , hundredths

d Thirty five thousandths

3.5 , 0.35 , 0.035

2.7 , 0.27 , 270

5 write the missing numbers on the number line:

1 write the missing numbers :

2 put the suitable sign

g 3hundreds and 4 tenths

3 aArrange in an ascending order:

0.35 , 0.53 , 5.3 , 3.5 , 0.5

b Arrange in a descending order:

1 find the result:

2 Fill in the missing numbers:

3 put the suitable sign

4 fill in the missing digits:

money did he pay?

between what they have.

1 complete each of the following:

2 put the suitable sign

3 choose the correct answer:

1 complete each of the following:

d The value of the digit 5 in 2 . 354 is

2 choose the correct answer:

0.3 , 0.12 , 0.002

3 a write the value of the circled digit:

bwrite three decimal numbers between 0.3 and 0.4 .

4 a Find the result:

b put the suitable sign

5 a Arrange in an ascending order :

.find the left money with him.

Lesson 1 : Approximating to the nearest 10

Lesson 2 : Approximating to the nearest 100 and 1000

Lesson 3 : Approximating to the nearest 10 000 and 100 000

Lesson 4 : Approximating to the nearest unit

Lesson 5 : Approximating to the nearest tenth

The approximation is replacing the exact number by a simpler number closer