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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS LIST CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WORKING CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fireby monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is either classified as automatic, manually activated, or both. Automatic fire alarm systems can be used to notify people to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke. They are designed to fulfil two general requirements: protection of property and assets and protection of life. There are a number of reasons for the substantial increases in the life-safety form of fire protection during recent years, foremost of which are 1. The proliferation of high-rise construction and the concern for life safety within these buildings. 2. A growing awareness of the life-safety hazard in residential, institutional, and educational occupancies. 3. Increased hazards caused by new building materials and furnishings that create large amounts of toxic combustion products (i.e., plastics,synthetic fabrics, etc.). 4. Vast improvements in smoke detection and related technology made possible through quantum advances in electronic technology.

WORKING-

Here is a simple fire alarm circuit based on a LDR and lamp pair for sensing the fire.The alarm works by sensing the smoke produced during fire.The circuit produces an audible alarm when the fire breaks out with smoke. When there is no smoke the light from the bulb will be directly falling on the LDR.The LDR resistance will be low and so the voltage across it (below .6V).The transistor will be OFF and nothing happens.When there is sufficient smoke to mask the light from falling on LDR, the LDR resistance increases and so do the voltage across it.Now the transistor will switch to ON.This gives power to the IC1 and it outputs 5V.This powers the tone generator IC UM66 (IC2) to play a music.This music will be amplified by IC3 (TDA 2002) to drive the speaker.Resistor R6 is meant for protecting the transistor when R4 is turned towards low resistance values .Resistor R2 and R1 forms a feedback network for the TDA2002 and C1 couples the feedback signal from the junction of R1 & R2 to the inverting input of the same IC.

The diode D1 and D2 in combination drops 1.4 V to give the rated voltage (3.5V ) to UM66 .UM 66 cannot withstand more than 4V.

Ic 7805-

7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated power supply.

Pin Description:
UM66UM66T is a melody integrated circuit. It is designed for use in bells, telephones, toys etc. It has an inbuilt tone and a beat generator. There is an inbuilt oscillator circuit that serves as a time base for beat and tone generator. It has a 62 notes ROM to play music. The speaker can be driven by an external npn transistor connected to the output of UM66.

Pin Description: IC TDA 2003-

The TDA 2003 has improved performance with the same pin configuration as the TDA 2002. The additional features of TDA 2002, very low number of external components, ease of assembly, space and cost saving, are maintained.The device provides a high output current capability (up to 3.5A) very low harmonic and cross-over distortion.

DiodeDiodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the direction in which the current can flow.

Bc548-

548 is general purpose silicon, NPN, bipolar junction transistor. It is used for amplification and switching purposes. The transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage to operate in the desired region of its characteristic curves. This is known as the biasing. BC548 is used in common emitter configuration for amplifiers.

CONCLUSIONA fire alarm is a device that detects the presence of fire and atmospheric changes relating to smoke. In somecases, a firm alarm is a part of a complete security system, in addition to a burglary protection system. The fire alarm operates to alert people to evacuate a location in which a fire or smoke accumulation is present.When functioning properly, a fire alarm will sound to

notify people of an immediate fire emergency. Fire alarms can be found in homes, schools, churches and businesses and function as the catalyst to saving lives.For most fire alarms, when sounded, a beep, bell or horn noise is made. This distinct sound exists to allow the notification to be heard The fire alarm constructed by this project work is reliable at low cost.

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