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In Chinese, each character is a syllable. Each syllable consists of three parts: initial, final and tone.
l z
Word
shng m
Initial h
yn m
Final ao
shng dio
Tone
h o
1. The Initials
shng m
The consonant that begins a syllable is called initial. There are 21 initials in Chinese.
b d g j zh z
Special initials : y, w
p t k q ch c
m n h x sh s
f l
e , a i shngdio
Final E Tone
l z
Word
shng m
Initial -
ynm
2. The Finals
yn m
dn yn m
i u S
The final with only one vowel is called simple final. There are six simple finals.
f yn m
Finals made up of two or three vowels are compound finals. There are thirteen compound finals.
ai ou ei ia ua Se
ao
ie uo
iao uai
io ui
b yn m
Finals with nasal endings are finals followed by n or ng. There are sixteen finals with nasal endings.
an ong en in un Sn
ian uan
iang uang
iong
Lin x
Exercise
Lng d xi bio A.
a i u S ia ua uo Se o e ie
B.
ai Se j jue q qia x z xue c zai s cai zh sai ch zhai zhei zhao zhou sh chai r shai shei shao shou rao rou shua shuo ruo shuai shui chao chou chuo chuai chui zhua zhuo zhuai zhui sao sou suo sui cao cou cuo cui zei zao zou zuo zui que xia xie xiao qie qiao ei ao ou ia ie iao ua uo uai ui
jia
jie
jiao
Lng d xi li yn ji C.
bai bei sao shao ju qu
3 Tones
shng dio
The Chinese putonghua has four basic tones. They are shown by the tone indicators: () the 1st tone, () the 2nd tone, () the 3rd tone and () the 4th tone.
The tone indicator is marked on the main vowel (the one pronounced the loudest and with the mouth widest open) eg m tu m tu m tu m tu
qng shng
If a syllable preceded by another one is not stressed, it loses its tonal value and pronounced light and short. These syllables are called neutralized tones or neutral tones. In transcriptions neutral tones do not carry any tone indicators. e.g.: m ma w men t de
(mother)
(we)
(his)
Lin x
Exercise
Lng d xi li yn ji A.
b ba g ge
Tng d xi li c y bng xi ch g yn ji de shng m B. : Listen and read the following words and phrases, and then write down the initial of each syllable:
___ n ___i ___ ___i ___ n ____ ___ i ____ in ____ ____ n ____ i ____ n
Gi xi li c y bio shng dio ho D. Give tone marks to the following words and expressions.
lao shi dui bu qi qing jin (teacher) (sorry) (come in, please) ni hao xie xie zai jian (how do you do) (thank you) (good bye)