KSSR Receives Positive Feedback From Teachers, Parents

Tuesday, September 27th, 2011

PUTRAJAYA: The newly- implemented Primary School Standard Curriculum (KSSR) has received positive feedback from teachers and parents, in that it has increased interest among students to learn English. Education Deputy Director-General (Policy) Prof Dr Khair Mohamad Yusof said this was because the KSSR approach was no longer the chalk and talk method, but focused on a more fun way of learning English. KSSR not only emphasises on language proficiency, but also communication among the students. It also uses other methods such as games and music, he said. He was speaking to reporters after receiving a group of superbike riding teachers from Selangor, who were participating in the 1Malaysia Motor Convoy from Shah Alam to the education ministry here today. Khair said the KSSR, which was only introduced to Year 1 primary students this year, would be implemented for Year 2 primary students and Form 1 students next year. On Malaysian English Language Teaching Association president Associate Professor Dr S. Ganakumaran, who was reported to have said the syllabus used to teach English in schools was outdated, he said that syllabus which was talked about might have been the old syllabus. BERNAMA. Read more @ http://education.bernama.com/index.php?sid=news_content&id= 615717

Posted in Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR) | Comments Off

Books in BM due to KSSR curriculum

Sunday, January 16th, 2011

A RECENT StarEducation letter under the heading Why are books in BM? has raised some concerns and the Education Ministry would like to clarify the matter. The Ministry acknowledges that the switch in the medium of instruction for the teaching of Mathematics and Science from English to Bahasa Malaysia (better known by its Malay acronym PPSMI), was to be done in stages and completed by 2012. However, the Ministry had recently come up with the MBMMBI (Memartabatkan Bahasa Malaysia dan Memperkukuhkan Penguasaan Bahasa Inggeris), a policy which aims to uphold Bahasa Malaysia and strengthen the English Language. It is also to ensure that the national primary school curriculum is in line with the Government Transformation Programme. An evaluation was recently carried out following which improvements were made to the KBSR (Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah), which in turn resulted in the development of KSSR (Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah). KSSR will replace KBSR in stages starting with Year One students this year (2011). The KSSR will comply with the ministrys recent policies including the MBMMBI. This means the development of all subjects under the KSSR other than English must be in Bahasa Malaysia since the latter is the medium of instruction. The Ministry has carried out relevant training to expose primary school teachers to successfully and meaningfully impart the improved contents, required skills and expected values inherent in the KSSR.

The initiatives carried out are aimed at informing teachers, parents and other associated stakeholders of the changes which are taking place in the field of education, particularly primary school education in Malaysia. The implementation of KSSR is a progressive and bold initiative by the Ministry to address the shortcomings in the KBSR. It is also aimed at preparing the future generation for the challenges ahead. CORPORATE COMMUNICATION EDUCATION MALAYSIA UNIT, MINISTRY OF

Read more @ http://thestar.com.my/education/story.asp?file=/2011/1/16/educat ion/7778880&sec=education Posted in Bahasa Melayu, Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR) | Comments Off

Change is due
Sunday, December 19th, 2010

THE Standard Curriculum for Primary Schools (KSSR) will be introduced next year, starting with Year One pupils. It will be more holistic and less examination-oriented for pupils. The KSSR will replace the existing primary school integrated curriculum (KBSR), which was first introduced in 1983, and subsequently reviewed in 2003. The Education Ministrys Curriculum Development Division director Datuk Dr Julaihi Bujang said the ministry saw the need to make changes to meet the challenges of the future.

Dr Julaihi (left) and Dr Lee discussing the new curriculum. Changes have been made in areas related to curriculum, assessment, teacher training, monitoring as well as teaching and learning approaches. This means the curriculum is pupil-centred with an emphasis on fun learning, critical and creative thinking, reasoning skills, communication and ICT literacy. We have benchmarked against the United Kingdom, Singapore, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Australia and Scandinavian countries, he said. Dr Julaihi said the new curriculum is based on six key areas communication, spiritual attitude and values, humanitarianism, literacy in science and technology, physical and personal development to produce holistic individuals. The divisions deputy director Dr Lee Boon Hua explained that the focus will be on the mastery of literacy, numeracy and reasoning skills. This even includes penmanship as we have found some pupils have not been taught how to hold a pen or pencil properly, which in turn affects their writing skills, he added. In addition, there will be an emphasis on creativity and innovation, entrepreneurship, and information and communication technology.

Learning will be made more fun and the approaches used include it being project and activity-based and problem-based learning, with ICT components introduced as early as Year One, he said. Giving an example, he said in KBSR, the objective was stated in terms of learning outcomes but in KSSR, it was the content standards which pupils need to achieve. This means that by Year Six English, pupils must be able to write a formal letter using appropriate language while in Year Four, it would be to know the format, structure and salutation, he explained. In Level One (Years One to Three) at the primary level for national and vernacular schools, the core modules are Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese, Tamil, Mathematics, Physical Education, Health Education as well as Islamic Studies or Moral Education. The elective modules will be Arabic, Chinese for national schools, Tamil for national schools, Iban and Kadazan Dusun. Pupils will also be exposed to Science and Technology, and Arts in the form of Visual Arts and Music. In Level Two (Years Four to Six), the subjects will be based on five modules communication, science and technology, physical and aesthetics, spiritual attitude and values and humanitarianism. Dr Lee said a pilot project involving 500 schools was carried out throughout the country. We received positive feedback from the pupils, teachers and parents involved. These include that the standards set for each subject are able to be implemented and achievable, and flexibility in terms of pupils needs, school location and availability of teachers, he explained. In terms of teacher training, Dr Lee said this was based on the cascade model, meaning that master trainers for all subjects have been trained, and will in turn train teachers in the respective states. New textbooks for Year One have been distributed to the schools, he added.

Deputy Prime Minister and Education Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin said earlier this year that the transformation of the school curriculum based on creativity and innovation will make learning fun and no longer examination-oriented. He said the transformation is significant as it involves the curriculum, approaches to teaching and learning as well as values. Dr Lee said the transformation includes revamping the secondary school curriculum. Work on this has started and the new curriculum will be implemented in 2014, he said. by Karen Chapman. Read more @ http://thestar.com.my/education/story.asp?file=/2010/12/19/educ ation/5889535&sec=education Posted in Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR) | Comments Off

Thumbs-up for new schools curriculum.

Monday, May 3rd, 2010

Ministry of Education (MOE) would like to refer to an article by Najiah Najib, published in Malay Mail paper dated 19 April 2010 on the issue of THUMBS-UP FOR NEW SCHOOLS CURRICULUM, BUT.
First and foremost, the MOE welcomes and appreciates the comments by the writer with regard to the new school curriculum and the issue which surround it. The national school curriculum is designed based on the principles inherent in the National Philosophy of Education with the aim towards further developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner, so as to produce individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced and harmonious, based on a firm belief in and devotion to God. Towards this aim, relevent initiatives are in place to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable

and competent, who possess high moral standards and who are responsible and capable of acheiving high Stage of personal well-being as well being able to contribute to the harmony and betterment of the family, the society and the nation at large.

The Standards-based Primary School Curriculum (KSSR in Bahasa Malaysia) will be implemented in stages starting in 2011 to replace the Integrated Primary School Curriculum (KBSR in Bahasa Malaysia). The implementation of KSSR brings about certain changes to the curriculum content and practices in the primary school system. The remodelling of curriculum content through the introduction of new subjects, emphases on sound pedagogical approaches and holistic assessment menthods are among the initiatives outlined ini KSSR.

In line with the NKRA for the Ministry, the curriculum for Stage I primary schooling emphasizes the mastery of the basic 3Rs, reasoning skills, basic ICT, the development of socio-emotional, spritual, physical, cognitive, attitudes and values. The discipline of knowledge is categorized into 3 main modules; the core basic module the core thematic module and the elective module. The core basic module contains 6 subject which are Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese or Tamil (only for Vernacular Schools), Mathematics, Islamic Education (for Muslim pupils) or Moral Education (for non-muslim pupils) and Physical Education. The core thematic module contains 3 subjects which are Arts and Me, World of Science and Technology and Malaysia Negaraku. The Elective Module contains language subjects such as Chinese, Tamil, Arabic, Iban, Kadazandusun or Semai which schools can choose to offer.

At stage II Primary school, the curriculum emphasizes strengthening and applying the 3Rs, basic ICT skills, development of socio-emotional, spiritual, physical, cognitive, attitudes and values. Content knowledge is presented through 9 subjects. Core subjects such as Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese and Tamil (for vernacular

schools), Mathematic, Science, Islamic Education, Moral Education, Physical Education and Health Education are retained. However, some subject are redesigned either by combining two or more disciplines of knowledge into one subject. Subject such as Living Skills, Civics and Citizenship Education and Local Studies are replaced by new subjects. The new subjects are Design and Technology / Information and Communication Technology, Visual Arts and Music and History / Malaysia Negaraku.

The KSSR requires teachers to apply classroom strategies which promote creative and critical thinking and innovation among pupils. Teachers need to carry out teaching and learning activities which are student-centred, provide opportunities for pupils to explore and test their hypotheses and ideas, solve problem and most importantly provide a fun learning environment. Classroom practices such as inquirybased, problem-based and project-based are some recommended strategies which promote critical and creative thinking and innovation among pupils. Teachers need to be sensitive to students learning needs and be able to indentify learning styles which suits them best.

The KSSR proposes the implementation of schools-based assessments to guage students potentials and the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process in the classroom. This formative assessment will inform teachers on suitable remedial or enhancement treatments for pupils. It will also help teachers indentify and plan salient and effective classroom strategies.

Kbsr vs kssr

This year, 2012, I have a child in Std 2 doing the KSSR syllabus and a Std 4 child doing the KBSR syllabus. So what is KSSR? What does KSSR stand for? I am sure that most parents in Malaysia know that kids start the new KSSR syllabus in 2012 but just what does KSSR stand for? Now, thats simple. KSSR stands for Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah. What about the older KBSR then? What does KBSR stand for? Now, that one is easy too. KBSR stands for Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah. Now that weve got the easy part of the way, deriving the abbreviation for KSSR and KBSR, lets talk about the hard part. The hard part is faced by parents whose children are doing the new KSSR new syllabus. Parents whose kids are doing the KBSR syllabus can skip this post. Let me give you an example. I have children doing both the syllabus. My standard 2 child cannot recycle or reuse his sisters books because the syllabus has changed for almost every subject, English, Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese, Maths and Science. For example in Math, he is now taught Fractions in Std 1 and Fractions and Decimals in Std 2. Previously, it was not taught till Std 3. So if you buy the old KBSR workbooks you would have missed out two whole chapters. This is only an example of one confusion that can arise. Worse still, the book publishers and printers are in a bind. How do they get rid of their old KBSR stocks? Whats happening is, when I went to the bookshops, I had trouble finding Std 2 workbooks or rather very few Std 2 KSSR workbooks. Std 1 is ok since there is new print for this year but not Std 2. For almost every publisher, I could find Std 1 then Std 3, 4, 5,6 but not Std 2. I had trouble finding KSSR books for Std 2, probably they will be available later on. Then there are unscrupulous publishers who change the name of the cover to KSSR! Well, at least that is what I think because I had bought a KSSR book but when I looked inside the syllabus was the same as the old one. So before you go out to buy any workbooks for your child, make sure you look at his textbook to know his syllabus

first, then make sure it matches those of the workbooks. Dont buy blindly. Do some homework first. Here is my tips for parents when buying primary school workbooks: 1. Std 1 and Std 2 parents buy books with KSSR on the cover 2. However, make sure you check your childs textbook before buying. Make sure that the syllabus in the workbook matches the syllabus in the textbook 3. You will need to buy KSSR for the 5 core subjects, i.e. the 3 languages English, Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese, plus Maths and Science 4. However, you may get KBSR books for the paper 2 for English, Bahasa Malaysia and Chinese. Paper 2 meaning the Writing Practise Paper as this do not change very much. (Paper 1 is Comprehension or Pemahaman, Paper 2 is Writing or Penulisan) Note: In Std 1 and 2, there is no Paper 2 test for English, however workbooks are available for practise. There is Paper 2 test for Bahasa Malaysia and Bahasa Cina or Chinese though) 5. If your child is in Chinese School, go to the SJKC section to pick books. What does SJKC stand for? (SJKC stands for Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina). As for those in National Schools, buy your workbooks from the SJK section (SJK stands for Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan). They syllabus for both are different. So many acronyms and abbreviations to learn. Parenting is hard enough without all this headache.

KSSR (Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah)

My boy is in Standard 1 this year. He will go through the Primary School Standard Curriculum or Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR) this year. His sister who is in Standard 3 is still on the KBSR (Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah). The KSSR will replace the existing primary school integrated curriculum (KBSR), which was first introduced in 1983, and reviewed in 2003. My son is in the pilot year of the KSSR. What does this all mean? From several local newspaper articles I have read, the keywords are: pupil centered fun and interactive less-exam orientation project and activity based creativity and innovation communication ICT literacy holistic critical thinking and reasoning skills independant learning "The new curriculum is based on six key areas communication, spiritual attitude and values, humanitarianism, literacy in science and technology, physical and personal development to produce holistic individuals." (Wow. Big Words) KSSR aims to strengthen the command of Bahasa Malaysia and English among primary school pupils

So what's new? (I am talking about SJKC only since that is where my child is studying) School Hours reduced by 120 minutes No more Maths and Science in English Malay periods increased to 10 Maths periods reduced from 10 to 6 (Previously it was 6 periods for Maths in Chinese and 4 periods for Maths in English. Now it will be 6 periods in Chinese only.) English periods increased from 2 to 5 Science is now "Dunia Sains dan Teknologi", and Mathematics is "Matematik" for SJK What else is new? Penmanship - Students are to be taught the right way to hold a pen or pencil properly Introduction of Sexual Education There is even a segment on bullying and how kids should handle thugs and extortionists in schools Students will be given a file for assignments throughout the year which must be checked, sign and return. Failure to do so will bring about "adverse consequences" and negatively impact his overall academic performance Teachers have to do internal assessments and evaluations Less Exam Oriented Practical implementation so far: I have yet to see the new primary school books for Std 1. However, the HM of my boy's school has said that the school will keep the little ones in school during the 120 minutes reduced lessons time (about 4 periods in a week) where teachers will help them with their homework etc so that they can go home at the same time with their brothers and sisters. That is a good thing as the school buses will not come early. I don't think the schools are supposed to give any more academic lessons during this 120 minutes because we're supposed to be moving away from academics and exams. It is all fine and good to reduce the lesson times but no one thought about the practicalities of doing so when many kids have siblings who

go back half an hour later each day. What do you do with 7 year olds released or dismissed from schools half an hour before their brothers and sisters when the school buses will not come to pick them? Even parents will find it impractical to pick up their kids at different times, just half and hour apart. When I asked the class teacher what is the difference between KBSR and KSSR, she summed it up this way. "The kids are supposed to talk more." She pointed to the cute but noisy 7 year olds and said "Can you imagine how that will be? During lessons, teachers are supposed to teach while they sit quietly to listen." And so that was that. I wonder what she feels about completing the evaluation forms for each kid. Some SJKC have more than 50 to a class. On another point, less exam oriented? We now have the LINUS program which sees some schools holding these tests as early as January. Scary. The kids just entered "big school" for the first time in their lives and they have to start taking tests in Malay and Maths. I wonder about the project-based activities and wonder what sort of assignments my boy will be receiving. As a parent, I better stand-by to offer him support and assistance. We parents have always wanted an education system that is less exam oriented. Is this it? Will we get there? We'll just have to wait and see. I hope there won't be too many teething problems for this first year of implementation.

KURIKULUM baru sekolah rendah yang dikenali sebagai Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (KSSR) akan diperkenalkan pada 2011 dengan subjek yang lebih sedikit tetapi menggunakan pendekatan yang lebih interaktif. Kurikulum tersebut bakal menggabungkan beberapa subjek menjadi satu selain turut akan memperkenalkan satu subjek baru yang bertema semangat kenegaraan dan patriotik. KSSR akan mula diperkenalkan dan diterapkan kepada murid tahun satu kerana kesesuaian murid tersebut yang baru menduduki alam persekolahan atau peringkat awal pendidikan mereka. Penerapan dari peringkat awal akan membantu memudahkan perjalanan serta pembelajaran murid-murid tersebut yang akan melangkah ke tahuntahun seterusnya sejajar dengan perubahan umur. Ketua Pengarah Pelajaran Malaysia, Tan Sri Alimuddin Mohd Dom berkata, KSSR tidak akan menggantikan tetapi beriringan dengan Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah (KBSR). Melalui KSSR katanya, pengajaran dan pembelajaran akan menggunakan modul yang akan menggantikan buku teks oleh itu guru-guru sedang disedia dan dilatih untuk KSSR. Ia diharap dapat meningkatkan penguasaan murid-murid sekolah rendah khususnya dalam bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Inggeris. Pendekatan teknik pengajaran dan pembelajaran (P&P) akan menjadi lebih menarik dan interaktif di mana ia melibatkan penggunaan dua bahasa tersebut serta meningkatkan penguasaannya bagi guru-guru untuk mengajar dalam subjek Matematik dan Sains sejajar dengan matlamat kerajaan. Buat peringkat permulaan, sebanyak 500 buah sekolah telah menjalani uji rintis mulai 31 Mac 2009 sehingga akhir Jun 2009. Sebanyak 50 buah sekolah akan menjalani uji rintis semua mata pelajaran manakala sekolah selebihnya akan menjalani uji rintis dalam mata pelajaran terpilih. KSSR membahagikan mata pelajaran kepada tiga modul iaitu Modul Asas Teras, Modul Asas Tema dan Modul Asas Elektif. Tahap satu sekolah rendah (tahun 1 hingga 3) akan tertumpu kepada penguasaan 4M (membaca, menulis, mengira dan menaakul) serta kemahiran

asas teknologi komunikasi dan maklumat (ICT), perkembangan sosioemosi, kerohanian, fizikal, kognitif, sikap dan nilai. Sementara tahap dua sekolah rendah (tahun 4 hingga 6) akan tertumpu kepada pengukuhan dan aplikasi 4M, kemahiran asas ICT, perkembangan sosioemosi, kerohanian, fizikal, sikap dan nilai. Selain itu, kementerian juga akan memperkenalkan Kurikulum Standard Prasekolah Kebangsaan (KSPK) bagi murid-murid prasekolah berumur lima dan enam tahun seluruh negara. Pada peringkat ini pula, tumpuan akan diberikan kepada perkembangan sosioemosi, kerohanian, fizikal, kognitif, sahsiah, persediaan ke sekolah rendah serta pendedahan awal mengenai kemahiran 4M. KSPK akan memudahkan lagi murid-murid prasekolah ini untuk menyediakan mereka memasuki alam persekolahan selain pendekatan yang lebih mesra dan menarik digunakan bersesuaian dengan peringkat umur kanak-kanak prasekolah.

Standards-based Primary School Curriculum (KSSR)

Ministry of Education was decided this year KSSR curriculum for all standard one pupils. The goal of KSSR is to educate pupils on general knowledge. So that each pupils can smooth link up with secondary curriculum, and to achieve a national key performance areas (NKRA). The original "Curriculum Standards" is divided into four "modules", now changed to 6 "pillars", including: communication, spiritual life, science technology, humanities, aesthetics, social studies. Annual screening testing and school-based assessment to review the progress of each group, then remedial teaching.

KSSR is an idea comes from the "Education Master Plan." However, it is takes some times because the Ministry of Education and teachers are at the beginning. National People's concept of change, also needs a lot of years. Let us look toward a good curriculum outcomes.
To the Editor: I am interested to the title Standards-based Primary School Curriculum (KSSR) on 3 July. Well, I totally agree with the Ministry of Education which decided this year KSSR curriculum for all standard one pupils. Our education must be reformed. The worlds progress every day and what we still to wait for? KSSR a new educational reformed in order adapt to todays world. Not every child able to read, to write and to calculate. Some of them are more interested in drawing, singing, cooking and so on. Even they are not gain the flying colour in their result, but who can say that they will have no future? The goal of KSSR is to educate pupils on general knowledge. Try to imagine, a pupil learn under a no pressure environment, how nice? Hopefully this educational reform will allow pupils to have better all-around development. Eddie To the Editor: I was shocked to read an article from the Blogger.com Standard-based Primary School Curriculum (KSSR) on 3 July. I disagree with the new educational reform. According to my friend who was a teacher, taught on KSSR the feeling that a lot of paperwork involved, it may increasing the burden on teachers. Teachers often busy with their preparation before every lesson. Most of the teachers hope the Ministry of Education to reduce teachers paperwork. KSSR under the teachers need more time to interact with students, paperwork increased rather than decreased, puzzling. Teachers also face the problem of what to do internal assessment. Many teachers still blur with the evaluation criteria and evaluation forms are

also unclear. The goal of the KSSR learning standard is 100%, teachers should ensure that every pupils, who made teachers to feel the pressure. The reaction from the teachers, the gap between ideal and reality seem different. Eddie

KSSR the ideal and the reality

Opinion 2010-12-16 14:12

By CHONG LIP TECK Translated by Adeline Lee Education director-general Tan Sri Alimuddin Mohd Dom issued an order on 14 October 2010 that, the Education Ministry would formally launch the KSSR (Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah) for all primary one students in 2011. This means that from 2011, primary one students school syllabuses and class attendance will differ from their elder brothers and sisters. Their class time of 1,380 minutes will also be 120 minutes less than the 1,500 minutes class time of their elder siblings. The school bus industry has earlier indicated that it would not send the primary one students who will be dismissed from school earlier than other students, home early. So schools have begun to look for strategies to "fill" the extra 120 minutes. School must balance the arrangement of these four periods of class, as it should not increase the student's academic pressure. It is best if it could meet the needs of KSSR interactive and fun teaching objectives. Under the new program, the number of Malay periods in Chinese primary schools has increased to 10. This was set with the aim of consolidating the national language policy. Education Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin has guaranteed that only bilingual teachers who know both the Chinese and Malay languages will be sent to teach Malay to primary one students in Chinese primary schools. And that the order will be issued before the semester begins. It is hoped that all Chinese primary schools will have sufficient number of bilingual teachers, so that the students can commence classes successfully. Furthermore with the cancellation of the policy to teach Mathematics and Science in the English language, the number of Mathematics periods have reduced from the original 10 (six periods teaching in Chinese language, four periods teaching in English) to six. All teaching will be

done in Chinese. English periods will be raised from the original two to five; this is in line with the will of the Chinese community. However, Malaysia still seriously lacks English teachers. The main reason for the increase in English periods is to strengthen the grasp of the English language, and to improve the standard of English in the new generation. To achieve this goal, the standard of English teachers must also be improved. It is time for the Education Ministry to plan for the training of more teachers, to address the problem of shortage of English teachers. From my friends who are teaching staff, I realised that their feelings on KSSR are that a lot of paperwork is involved, directly increasing the burden on teachers. Teachers often find themselves short of time to teach and to do paperwork at the same time; and the calls to the Ministry to reduce the workload of teachers have never ceased. Under the KSSR program, teachers need more time to interact with students, yet the paperwork has increased rather than decreased. People find it hard to understand the rationale indeed. Teachers also face the problem of how to do internal assessment. Many teachers feel lost on the evaluation criteria even after the briefing, and are also not clear on how to complete the evaluation forms. It is understood that there are specific instructions for each skill for the languages, but there is none for Science. The learning benchmark for KSSR is 100% and teachers must ensure that every student meet the standard. This has also given teachers a lot of pressure. When teachers asked questions about assessment at the briefing, they were given the answer "go back to discuss with the school, the decision on how to assess is by the school". The KSSR is a new program that people look forward to, as it aspires to give students a fun learning environment and get rid of the practice of cramming to learn, through the injection of creativity and innovative thinking in the curriculum. But the response from the teachers seems to

convey that there are gaps between the ideal and the reality, and that the goal of educational transformation is not easily reached. Sin Chew Daily MySinchew 2010.12.16