Egyptian Electric Utility and Consumer Protection Regulatory Agency

Appendix: Availability of supply indices

1: Interruption Frequency (number of interruptions/year) 2: Supply Unavailability (minutes/year) 3: Interruption Duration (minutes/interruption) 4: Recorded data to calculate availability of supply indices in some of the European Countries and the methodology used to calculate these indices. 5: Example for different methodologies to calculate the availability of power supply indices. (5-1) Example of calculation for LV customers (5-2) Example of calculation for MV customers (5-3) Example of calculation for global indices

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Indicator

Equations and definitions Number of interruptions on average per year per customer (number of interruptions/year) It can be calculated as: A. In cases where the number of customers interrupted and the duration of the interruption is recorded or can be estimated*: nj j (interruptions/year) Interruption Frequency =

Ref.

Union of The Electricity Industry (EURELECTRIC) www.eurelectric.org

Where nj = number of customers in the jth group of customers interrupted. Ns = total number of consumers supplied. B. In cases where the interrupted kVA and the duration of the interruption is recorded or can be estimated**: Interruption Frequency =

Interruption Frequency (number of interruptions/ year

l
j

(interruptions/year)

Where lj = installed (or declared) kVA in the jth group of customers interrupted. Ls = total installed (or declared) kVA at a date specified by the organization. C. In cases where the number of interrupted mv/lv substations (or transformers) and the duration is recorded or can be estimated***: sj j Interruption Frequency = (interruptions/year)

Where sj = number of substations (or transformers) supplying the jth group of customers interrupted. SS = total number of substations (or transformers) at a date specified by the organization.

* Countries using this methodology are (Greece-Ireland-Italy-Sweden-United Kingdom-France) ** Countries using this methodology are (Germany-Greece-Italy-Norway-Poland-Spain-Hungary) *** Countries using this methodology are (Greece-Italy-Norway)

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Equations and definitions Ref.

No

Indicator

Number of minutes without supply on average per year per customer (minutes/year) It can be calculated as: A. In cases where the number of customers interrupted and the duration of the interruption is recorded or can be estimated*: nj t j j Supply Unavailability = (minutes/year)

Where nj = number of customers in the jth group of customers interrupted. tj = duration of the interruption for the customers in the jth group. Ns = total number of consumers supplied. B. In cases where the interrupted kVA and the duration of the interruption is recorded or can be estimated**: lj t j j Supply Unavailability = (minutes/year)

Union of The Electricity Industry (EURELECTRIC) www.eurelectric.org

Supply Unavailability (minutes/ year)

Where lj = installed (or declared) kVA in the jth group of customers interrupted. tj = duration of the interruption for the customers in the jth group. Ls = total installed (or declared) kVA at a date specified by the organization. C. In case of where the number of interrupted mv/lv substations (or transformers) and the duration is recorded or can be estimated***: sj t j j Supply Unavailability = (minutes/year)

Where sj = number of substations (or transformers) supplying the jth group of customers interrupted. tj = duration of the interruption for the customers in the jth group. SS = total number of substations (or transformers) at a date specified by the organization.

* Countries using this methodology are (Greece-Ireland-Italy-Sweden-United Kingdom-France) ** Countries using this methodology are (Germany-Greece-Italy-Norway-Poland-Spain-Hungary) *** Countries using this methodology are (Greece-Italy-Norway)
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No

Indicator

Equations and definitions Average duration of customer interruptions (minutes/interruptions) It can be calculated as: A. In cases where the number of customers interrupted and the duration of the interruption is recorded or can be estimated*: nj t j j Interruption Duration = (minutes/interruptions) nj
j

Ref.

Union of The Electricity Industry (EURELECTRIC) www.eurelectric.org

Where nj = number of customers in the jth group of customers interrupted. tj = duration of the interruption for the customers in the jth group. B. In cases where the interrupted kVA and the duration of the interruption is recorded or can be estimated**: lj t j (minutes/interruptions) Interruption Duration = j lj
j

Interruption Duration (minutes/ interruption)

Where lj = installed (or declared) kVA in the jth group of customers interrupted . tj = duration of the interruption for the customers in the jth group.
C. In cases where the number of interrupted mv/lv substations (or transformers) and the duration is recorded or can be estimated***: sj t j Interruption Duration = j (minutes/interruptions) sj
j

Where sj = number of substations (or transformers) supplying the jth group of customers interrupted. tj = duration of the interruption for the customers in the jth group.

* Countries using this methodology are (Greece-Ireland-Italy-Sweden-United Kingdom-France) ** Countries using this methodology are (Germany-Greece-Italy-Norway-Poland-Spain-Hungary) *** Countries using this methodology are (Greece-Italy-Norway)

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4. Recorded data to calculate availability of supply indices in some European Countries And the methodology used to calculate these indices
No. of Interruptions lv Belgium France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Norway Poland Spain Sweden United Kingdom FP FP FP FP FP mv F FP F FP FP FP FP FP F F*P FP FP hv F FP F FP FP FP FP FP F FP FP FP lv FP FP FP FP FP Duration mv F FP (F) FP FP FP FP FP F F*P FP FP hv F FP F FP FP FP FP FP F FP FP FP No. of customers Involved lv FP FP FP FP mv FP F*P FP FP F*P FP FP hv FP F*P FP FP FP FP FP (KVA) Capacity Interrupted lv FP (FP) mv FP (F) FP FP F FP hv F FP FP FP F Stations or Transformers Interrupted mv hv F F FP FP FP F F FP FP FP FP Method of calculating Indices C UNION OF THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY (www.eurelectric.org) A B A*,B*,C B A A,B or C B or C B B A A Ref.

FP = Information recorded for accidental and planned outages F = Information recorded for accidental interruptions A = Indices calculating using information on customer interruptions B = Indices calculating using information on capacity interrupted C = Indices calculating using information on substations or transformers interrupted

( ) = Some companies only * = planned for near future

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Example for different methodologies used to calculate availability of supply indices.5

Fault 1
Hv / mv 3 5000 KVA 1 hv customer Hv / mv 2 6000 KVA Substation 10 50 KVA 10 lv customers Substation 9 50 KVA 10 lv customers

Hv / mv 1 1000 KVA 1 hv customer

Fault 5 IN LV
Substation 7 50 KVA 10 lv customers Substation 1 400 KVA 1 mv customer Substation 3 200 KVA 25 lv customers Substation 2 250 KVA 30 lv customers

Fault 2
Substation 4 250 KVA 1 mv customer

Fault 4

Fault 3

Substation 6 50 KVA 10 lv customers

Substation 5 150 KVA 20 lv customers

Substation 8 250 KVA 15 lv customers

Note : Substations 6 & 9 have an mv loop in-feed = Automatic circuit breaker

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(5-1) Example of calculation for LV customers

Effect on LV Customers of HV and MV faults:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) Fault 1 Substation 2 Substation 3 Substation 5 Substation 6 Substation 7 Substation 8 Substation 9 Substation10 tj 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 nj 30 25 20 10 10 15 10 10 130 Fault 2 Substation 3 Substation 5 Substation 6 Substation 7 Substation 8 Substation 9 Substation 10 tj 0.9 0.9 0.9 3.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 nj 25 20 10 10 15 10 10 100 Method a Ns=130 nj x tj 12.00 10.00 8.00 4.00 4.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 52.0 nj x tj 22.5 18.0 9.00 30.0 30.0 20.0 40.0 169.5 lj 250 200 150 50 50 100 50 50 900 lj 200 150 50 50 100 50 50 650 Method b Ls=900 lj x tj 100.0 80.0 60.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 20.0 20.0 360.0 lj x tj 180 135 45 150 200 100 200 1010 sj 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 sj 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 Method c Ss=8 sj x t j 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2 sj x t j 0.90 0.90 0.90 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 13.70

Fault 3 Substation 6 Substation 7

tj 1.0 2.5

nj 10 10 20

nj x tj 10.00 25.00 35.00

lj 50 50 100

lj x tj 50 125 175

sj 1 1 2

sj x t j 1.00 2.50 3.50

Fault 4 Substation 8 Substation 9 Substation 10

tj 1.0

nj 15 10 10 35

nj x tj 15.00 25.00 25.00 65.00

lj 100 50 50 200

lj x tj 100 125 125 350

sj 1 1 1 3

sj x t j 1.00 2.50 2.50 6.00

2.5 2.5

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Subtotal for effect on LV Customers of HV and MV faults:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) nj Fault 1 Fault 2 Fault 3 Fault 4 Total for HV and MV faults 130 100 20 35 285 Method a Ns=130 nj x tj 52.0 169.50 35.00 65.00 321.5 lj 900 650 100 200 1850 Method b Ls=900 lj x tj 360 1010 175 350 1895 sj 8 7 2 3 20 Method c Ss=8 sj x t j 3.2 13.7 3.5 6.0 26.4

Calculation of Indices for LV Customers in respect of HV and MV faults:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) Method a Ns=130 nj Interruption Frequency Supply Unavailability Interruption Duration 2.19 2.47 1.12 Method b Ls=900 lj 2.06 2.10 1.02 Method c Ss=8 sj 2.50 3.30 1.32

Effects of LV customers of LV faults:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) For LV faults only Fault 5 Interruption Frequency Supply Unavailability Interruption Duration tj 2 nj 30 0.23 0.46 2.00 Method a Ns=130 nj x tj 60 lj 30 0.03 0.07 2.00 Method b Ls=900 lj x tj 60 sj 30 3.75 7.50 2.00 Method c Ss=8 sj x t j 60

Calculation of Indices for LV Customers for HV, MV and LV faults:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) Interruption Frequency Supply Unavailability Interruption Duration Method a Ns=130 2.42 2.93 1.21 Method b Ls=900 2.09 2.17 1.04 Method c Ss=8 6.25 10.80 1.73

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(5-2) Example of calculation for MV customers

Effect on MV Customers of HV and MV faults:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) Fault 1 Substation 1 Substation 4 tj 0.4 0.4 nj 1 1 2 Method a Ns=2 nj x tj 0.40 0.40 0.80 lj 400 250 650 Method b Ls=650 lj x tj 160 100 260 sj 1 1 2 Method c Ss=2 sj x t j 0.4 0.4 0.80

Duration of supply interruption (hours) Fault 2 Substation 1 Substation 4 tj 0.00 0.90 nj 0 1 1

Method a Ns=2 nj x tj 0.0 0.90 0.90 lj 0

Method b Ls=650 lj x tj 0 225 225 sj 0 1 1

Method c Ss=2 sj x t j 0 0.90 0.90

250 250

Total Effect on MV Customers of HV and MV faults:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) nj Fault 1 Fault 2 Total 2 1 3 Method a Ns=2 nj x tj 0.80 0.90 1.70 lj 650 250 900 Method b Ls=650 lj x tj 260 225 485 sj 2 1 3 Method c Ss=2 sj x t j 0.80 0.90 1.70

Calculation of Indices for MV Customers:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) Interruption Frequency Supply Unavailability Interruption Duration Method a Ns=2 1.50 0.85 0.57 Method b Ls=650 1.38 0.75 0.54 Method c Ss=2 1.50 0.85 .057

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(5-3) Example of calculation for global indices

Effect on All Customers of each fault in HV and MV systems:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) Fault 1 Substation 1 Substation 2 Substation 3 Substation 4 Substation 5 Substation 6 Substation 7 Substation 8 Substation 9 Substation10 tj 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 nj 1 30 25 1 20 10 10 15 10 10 132 Duration of supply interruption (hours) Fault 2 Substation 3 Substation 4 Substation 5 Substation 6 Substation 7 Substation 8 Substation 9 Substation10 tj 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 3.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 nj 25 1 20 10 10 15 10 10 101 Duration of supply interruption (hours) Fault 3 Substation 6 Substation 7 tj 1.0 2.5 nj 10 10 20 Method a Ns=132 nj x tj 0.40 12.00 10.00 0.40 8.00 4.00 4.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 52.80 lj 400 250 200 250 150 50 50 100 50 50 1550 Method b Ls=1550 lj x tj 160.00 100.00 80.00 100.00 60.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 620 sj 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 Method c Ss=10 sj 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 sj x t j 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 3.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 14.60 Method c Ss=10 sj 1 1 2 sj x t j 1.0 2. 5 3. 5 Method c Ss=10 sj x t j 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 4

Method a Ns=132 nj x tj 22.50 0.90 18.00 9 30 30 20 40 170.4 lj

Method b Ls=1550 lj x tj 180 225 135 45 150 200 100 200 1235 200 250 150 50 50 100 50 50 900

Method a Ns=132 nj x tj 10 25 35 lj

Method b Ls=1550 lj x tj 50 125 175 50 50 100

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Method a Ns=132 nj 15 10 10 35 nj x tj 15 25 25 65 lj 100 50 50 200 Method b Ls=1550 lj x tj 100 125 125 350 sj 1 1 1 3 Method c Ss=10 sj x t j 1.0 2.5 2.5 6

Duration of supply interruption (hours) Fault 4 Substation 8 Substation 9 Substation 10 tj 1.0 2.5 2.5

Subtotal Effects on all Customers of faults in HV and MV networks:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) nj Fault 1 Fault 2 Fault 3 Fault 4 Total 132 101 20 35 288 Method a Ns=132 nj x tj 52.80 170.40 35.00 65.00 323.20 lj 1550 900 100 200 2750 Method b Ls=1550 lj x tj 620 1235 175 350 2380 sj 10 8 2 3 23 Method c Ss=10 sj x t j 4 14.60 3.50 6.00 28.10

Calculation of Indices for all Customers in respect of HV and MV faults:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) Interruption Frequency Supply Unavailability Interruption Duration Method a Ns=132 2.18 2.45 1.12 Method b Ls=1550 1.77 1.54 0.87 Method c Ss=10 2.30 2.81 1.22

Effects of all customers of LV faults of Interruption:

Duration of supply interruption (hours) For LV faults only Fault 5 Interruption Frequency Supply Unavailability Interruption Duration tj 2 nj 30 0.23 0.45 2.00 Method a Ns=132 nj x tj 60 lj 30 0.02 0.04 2.00 Method b Ls=1550 lj x tj 60 sj 30 3.00 6.00 2.00 Method c Ss=10 sj x t j 60

Global Indices including the effect on all customers of HV, MV and LV faults:
Duration of supply interruption (hours) Interruption Frequency Supply Unavailability Interruption Duration Method a Ns=132 2.41 2.90 3.12 Method b Ls=1550 1.79 1.58 2.87 Method c Ss=10 5.30 8.81 3.22

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Notes: Relation between availability of supply indices:

200

B
150

Lines of constant SAIDI (= SAIFI * CAIDI) Lower reliability

CAIDI : m in/outage

100

Higher reliability

50

Find optimum

0 0 1 2 3 4 5

SAIFI : outages/year

Quality regulation in The Netherlands Milan 8 June 2001 Presentation http://www.nma-dte.nl

Shadowed area represents the area of biggest reliability, as long as we move towards the origin, the performance will be better. Region A indicates for the excess number of interruptions but for short time durations, while region B indicates for little number of interruptions but for longer time durations. Comparison of the previously mentioned indices must be evaluated in parallel with many parameters such as: customer density and customers economic level.

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