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9/24/2011
Introduction
This presentation was developed as a teaching aid with the support of the American Institute of Steel Construction Construction. It is primarily intended to be used by Construction Management programs to supplement classes in Construction Methods and Materials, Estimating, Scheduling, and Structures. The presentation materials would also be applicable in Architecture and Civil Engineering programs. You will need to enable Macros in PowerPoint to use these functions. Because viruses are sometimes t B i ti transmitted through Macros, the default itt d th hM th d f lt security setting for PowerPoint is usually High. This must be changed to Medium before opening the presentation. The security setting can be changed by first closing the presentation. In PowerPoint select Tools|Macro|Security Select Medium Reopen this Tools|Macro|Security Medium. presentation and select Enable Macros when prompted by the Security Warning. See the Slide Notes for additional information
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Steel gives the architect the flexibility to create the desired aesthetic effect using the structural members
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Exposed steel will require special processing th t will i i that ill impact th cost t the t and schedule
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Expectations must be clearly communicated in the plans and specifications to avoid conflicts
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Typical Applications
The entire structure or key portions may use AESS Popular applications include
Hanging walkways F Framing i atriums and l bbi i in t i d lobbies Office interiors Canopies Airport terminals
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Office Interiors
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Airport po Terminals
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Typical Applications
Common structural components include
Wide flange sections Curved members Hollow structural sections (HSS) Built up tapered members Built-up Open web beams T Trusses Cables and rods
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Curved Members
Mashantucket Pequot Museum Ledyard, Connecticut
Modern steel fabrication technology allows fabricators to t h l ll f bi t t cold curve or heat bend beams.
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Round HSS
Round HSS with tapered ends
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SEAC/RMSCA Guidelines
Article published in May 2003 M d Modern St l Steel Construction [1] presents guidelines developed by the Structural Engineers Association of Colorado/Rocky Mountain Stee Co st uct o Steel Construction Association for describing, estimating and specifying desired AESS results lt Also available at http://www.aisc.org/AESS and in MSWord format format.
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Cost Matrix
The article provides guidance to estimate the cost impact of requiring higher level finishes that are generally more stringent than the Code of Standard Practice These may be desired if members will be viewed from a very close perspective by occupants in the finished structure
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Specification Section (Fa abrication) 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 2.2.8 2.2.9
Specification Section (E Erection) 2.2 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 ----------------3.3.6 336 3.3.7 3.3.8
SURFACE PREPARATION CLASSIFICATIONS SEAL WELDS TO CLOSE OPEN GAPS PRIMER AND FINISH COATING CLASSIFICATIONS
RANGE IN COST EXTERIOR OVER STANDARD HIGH END FINISH CATEGORY 4: INCREASE ENVIRONMENT - STRUCTURAL STEEL
ACCUMULATED RANGE OF COST INCREASE CATEGORY 5: GALVANIZING
SEAC
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Design development
Contract documents
Bidding
Order steel
Deliver material
Fabricate steel
Deliver
Deliver steel
Erect steel
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Mockups
Mockups are samples of finished steel surfaces f They range from simple connections to full-scale components f ll l t They should be designed to clarify key issues of th architects aesthetic i f the hit t th ti requirements that the sample board and specification do not adequately address Along with the specification, they should serve to prevent disputes over quality
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Scheduling
Fabrication effort, surface preparation and coating may require additional time in schedule Dry-to-handle requirement for paint takes much longer than dry-to-touch Additional time is required to finish temporary connections and apply top coat of paint after erection Allow for fabrication and approval of mockups when required
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Estimating
AESS cost impact must be evaluated throughout design/bidding/construction Cost impacts include
Surface preparation I Improved finishes and coatings d fi i h d ti Use of more expensive sections
C Curved vs. straight d t i ht HSS vs. rolled
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Cost Impact
Premium for AESS member fabrication may be as much as 200% primarily due to increased labor Special care and handling and finishing after erection add significant cost Overall project cost can be controlled by specifying only the required level of finish on the appropriate members
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10 %
40 %
40 %
0% 75 % 75 %
Calculate
Reset
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Fabrication
Coping and Blocking Tolerances Minimized
Section 10.2.4. All copes, miters and cuts in surfaces that are exposed to view shall be made with uniform gaps of 1/8 in. [3 mm] if shown as open joints, or in reasonable contact if shown without gap.
Mill Marks
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Erection
Bolt Head Orientation Dictated Close Weld Access Holes at Full Pen Welds
No specific requirements.
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Fabrication/ Erection E ti
Continuous Welds Special Care in Processing AESS Members
AISC Code of Standard Practice [3]
No specific requirements.
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Case Study
Architects vision Bid package Mockups Clarification Fabrication F b i ti Erection Finish painting
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AESS Plans
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Plans
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1.4 Submittals
B. Samples B.
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2 3 Fabrication 2.3
D. AESS members D. E. Cut tubular members E.
2.4 Connections
B. Continuously weld joints B.
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Clarification
The steel fabrication and erection on this project were bid as a fixed price contract to the general contractor Requirements of Section 10 of the CSP controlled Except as modified Except modified The steel fabricator communicated with the th architect d i biddi and after hit t during bidding d ft contract award
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Fabrication
TC
Joint finished by grinding and application of Devon Plastic Steel 10240 Adhesive
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Erection
Ironworkers finishing connections
Temporary connection must be cut off in the field and finished to hide joint (click to finish) Finished connections ready for final painting
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Finish Painting
The steel fabricator/erector subcontracted finish painting to be completed after erection The center is scheduled to open Spring 2007
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Conclusion
AESS provides opportunities for artistic expression unavailable with other construction materials Steel constructors can meet the architects clearly stated expectations on schedule y p Assistance is available to architects, g construction managers, fabricators and erectors through the AISC Steel Solutions Center solutions@aisc.org, 866-ASK-AISC
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References
[1] AISC (2003) Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel, a Supplement to Modern Steel C St l Construction, American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.. Chicago, IL M t ti A i I tit t f St l C t ti I Chi IL., May 2003 [2] AISC (1999) Construction Management of Steel Construction, American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc., Chicago, IL. [3] AISC (2005) Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges, American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc., Chicago, IL. [4] Shepley Bullfinch Richardson and Abbott, University of Michigan Health Services Cardiovascular Center Plans and Specifications Boston MA. Specifications, Boston, MA
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