3rd International Traffic Accident Conference, May 15-17, 2012 College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

TRAFFIC SIGNS ERGONOMICS DESIGN AND THAT INFLUENCE ON TRAFFIC AND ACCIDENT REDUCING
1st Author's Name
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2nd Author's Name

SUMMARY METHOD AND RESULTS

If, we assume that road transportation is a system then the important components of this system are: road, driver and vehicle. Each component is effective on traffic and driving accidents creation. So, system components control causes dangerous reducing or elimination. Human as major factor in vehicle -human system have cognitive factors that have especial limitation and abilities. Considering to limitation and human abilities as main component of road- human system is a important point in designing and road transportation system configuration that have effective role in reducing and elimination of human errors. Ergonomics design of traffic signs and signals as main source of information transmission to drivers could improve visual incentives perception phases by information process phases and finally causes correct determining and early reaction, these terms comprising driver accidents and traffic reducing Key words: Road Traffic, Traffic Signs and Signals, Cognitive Ergonomics, Driving Accidents The present study is conducted to review the existed evidences in order to identify the state of the current knowledge about the critical features of traffic signs and signals to improve the the comprehensibility of these symbols and also to determine the future direction for further researches in this context. Over the period 1994 - 2008, several researched had been done in attribute to design feature of traffic signs and their effect on driver's behaviour. These published articles were identified through literature searches in Medline and pubmed and were grouped under three headings: ergonomics design, traffic signs, signs features. The results of this study provided useful guidelines for designing more user-friendly traffic signs and reducing human errors due to

CONCLUSIONS
A review on visual and cognitive features of icons was presented in this paper. Three visual features of colour surround shape and icon size, and five cognitive features of familiarity, concreteness, complexity, meaningfulness and semantic distance were identified and discussed. Further research is needed to assign relative weights to the features so that icons can be designed in a more accessible and effective way such review would be helpful in formulating research plans and methodology for conducting other icon studies. In addition, this review would facilitate graphic designers to create more user-friendly icons REFERENCES .

INTRODUCTION
Traffic signs represent one of the most common devices for controlling traffic, since they help regulate, warn, and guide road users The success of effective communication of traffic sign messages to road users may not only relate to the user characteristics but also the signs themselves. Several criteria like conspicuity, legibility, distinctiveness, and comprehension must be met for an icon to be effective. Previous studies found that visual and cognitive features of icons have significant influence on reaching the criteria for icon effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to present a review on visual features (colour, shape, size) and cognitive features (familiarity, concreteness, complexity, meaningfulness, semantic distance) of icons.

3rd International Traffic Accident Conference, May 15-17, 2012, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 1