Q1: Define communication and explain its point?

Definition of Communication
Communication is the process of sharing by which messages produce responses

Key Points of Communication with Examples

The key points are as follow: I. Process

Communication is a process that serves to connect senders and receivers of messages in space and time. Although human beings tend to be interested primarily in the study of human communication, the process is present in all living things and, it can be argued, in all things. From this we may conclude that communication is a fundamental, universal & dynamic on going process.

II.

Sharing

Communication is not just sending out a message as a monologue, it is a twoway process that results in a shared meaning or common understanding between the sender and the receiver.

III.

Message

The message is the main idea that you wish to communicate; it is of both verbal (written or spoken) symbols and nonverbal (unspoken) symbols. First decide exactly what your message is. Also consider the receiver of your message. You must also consider your context and your receivers as well. How your receiver will interpret your message and how it may affect your relationship IV. Response

Feedback, describes the receiver's response or reaction to the sender's message. The receiver can transmit feedback through asking questions, making comments or just supporting the message that was delivered. Feedback helps the sender to determine how the receiver interpreted the message and how it can be improved.

Reference Website: (http://www.ehow.com/about_5232701_elements-effective-communication_.html) http://www.scribd.com/doc/18635830/Lesson-1-Introduction-to-Business-Communication http://www.scribd.com/doc/37090504/Business-Communication Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 8:00pm

Q2: Give 10 definition of communication from other sources with reference for each? Definition of Communication
1. Communication is a process of sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages. Communication is considered effective when it achieves the desired reaction or response from the receiver. Communication is a two way process of exchanging ideas or information. The process of communication has six components: sender/encoder, message, medium, receiver/decoder, and feedbacks.
Reference Website:http://www.scribd.com/doc/37090504/Business-Communication Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 8:00pm

2. Communication is the process whereby speech, signs or actions transmit information from one person to another. This definition is concise and definitive but doesnt include all the aspects of communication. There are other definitions, which state that communication involves transmitting information from one party to another. This broader definition doesnt require that the receiving party obtain a full understanding of the message. Of course, communication is better when both parties understand... but it can still exist even without that component.
Reference Website:http://reference.yourdictionary.com/word-definitions/definition-ofcommunication.html Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 8:00pm

3. Communication is the sharing or exchange of thought by oral, written, or nonverbal means.

Reference Website: Communication - strategy, organization, levels, advantages, manager, definition, type, company, hierarchy http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/BunComp/Communication.html#b#ixzz1otUa2weW Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 8:00pm

4. Communication is the activity of conveying information. Communication has been derived from the Latin word "communis", meaning to share. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the message of the sender. Feedback is critical to effective communication between parties.
Reference Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 8:00pm

5. Communication is the process by which information is exchanged between individuals. It requires a shared understanding of symbol systems, such as language and mathematics.
Reference Website: http://www.healthofchildren.com/C/CommunicationSkills.html#b#ixzz1otZinvuG Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 8:00pm

6. Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another; it involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or feeling to a receiver.
Reference Website: http://www.blurtit.com/q299548.html Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 8:00pm Author: U.S. Army

7. Communication takes place when one individual, a sender, displays, transmits or otherwise directs a set of symbols to another individual, a receiver, with the aim of changing something, either something the receiver is doing (or not doing) or changing his or her world view. This set of symbols is typically described as a message.
Reference Website: http://www.blurtit.com/q299548.html Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 8:00pm Author: William Rice-Johnson

8. Communication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the message of the sender.
Reference Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 8:00pm

9. Communication is: a dynamic process, emergent, containing unprecedented elements, a contingent sequence of events, interactional, interpersonal, intrapersonal, subjective narratization, called thought, within an environment of ever changing situations, conditions, creating shared meaning etc.
Reference Website: http://www.ask.com/answers/67942781/how-is-communication-definedby-different-scholars-and-communicators Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 8:00pm

10. Communication is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs or behavior.
Reference Website: http://christinefonseca.wordpress.com/2009/01/13/the-art-ofcommunication-part-i-a-definition/ Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 8:00pm

Q3: Write note on Psychological Barrie's to communication? Introduction

Every day we communicate with other people. Almost everything we do in day to day activities need and heavily depends on communication. What is communication? Communication is a process whereby information is enclosed in a package and is channeled and imparted by a sender to a receiver via some medium. Communication begins when one person sends a message to another with the intent of evoking a response. It is, in fact the process of generating the idea to start a conversation, encoding the message, transmitting it to the listener at other end via a suitable channel. It is then decoded by the listener and feedback is given.

Barriers to Communication

Barriers to communication can occur if the recipient has failed to convey the meaning or / and the importance of the message.

 Sender breakdown too much information is being sent, so the recipient misses key points. Also, language can be difficult to understand, as it can be too complex. Method breakdown when information is very detailed or complicated, then written instructions are better than messages which can be misinterpreted. Recipient breakdown the recipient deliberately makes a choice to misinterpret the message because of their attitude to either the sender to the message at hand.
Reference Website: http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Barriers-Communication/161918
Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 11:00pm

Other problems with communication could be: Long chain of command. Language - complex, and hard to understand. Vague purpose not detailed enough, more explanation required Inappropriate medium (method used, e.g. written, electronically etc). Not every communication is easy. There are barriers to communication. A barrier is something that gets in the way of clear communication between the receiver and the sender. Barriers to communication can be physical, emotional, linguistic, psychological, gender, culture. Physical barriers are such as tiredness, hearing sight or speech problems, environment, technical problems, grammar, spelling, punctuation and sentence structure. Emotional barriers are such as expressing emotions, not expressing emotions, being defensive, being negative, being assertive, and conflict. Linguistic problems such as not knowing the language, the influence of one language to another, accent, idiom, and differing abilities with language, tone, jargon, varying response to meaning of words. Psychological barriers such as religion, politics, personal values, personality, experiences, our confidence, feedback, power.

Barriers to Communication are anything that prevents understanding of the message is a barrier to communication. Many physical and psychological barriers exist: Culture, background, and bias - We allow our past experiences to change the meaning of the message. Our culture, background, and bias can be good as they allow us to use our past experiences to understand something new, it is when they change the meaning of the message that they interfere with the communication process.

What Are The Psychological Barriers In Communication?

Accurate and adequate communication between groups and people will not itself bring about the change required. The physical barriers are some way or the other linked to this type of barriers but they can be overcome way too easily but psychological barriers are hard to resist. They are mainly because of personal reasons at every stage of communication, or due to malfunction of any of the body part or due to emotional attack or the difference in sex, race or language or qualifications or sometimes even clothes or vehicles or status.

Psychological barriers to communication include people's emotions, perceptions, and selectivity.

Psychological barriers include the following:

Emotional

One possible psychological block is emotional. For example, you might be emotionally blocked if you are announcing a new policy you know will be unpopular, giving the first major presentation on your job, or writing to someone you dislike. The people with whom you are communicating are also subject to emotional blocks. They may feel indifferent or hostile toward you or your subject, or be biased against you (perhaps because of your youth, sex, race, relatives, friends, or even clothes) or against your subject (perhaps because they think it's illogical, perhaps simply because "That's not the way we've always done things here").

Reference Website: http://www.blurtit.com/q511833.html

Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 11:00pm

Perceptual & Selectivity

Perception - If we feel the person is talking too fast, not fluently, does not articulate clearly, etc., we may dismiss the person. Also our preconceived attitudes affect our ability to listen. We listen uncritically to persons of high status and dismiss those of low status. Even if there are no emotional blocks, every person perceives things differently. Although we all live in the same objective world, we all live in different subjective worlds. Communication involves perception, and perception is never precise. A second psychological block, then, is perceptual.

One perceptual problem is that people perceive things differently. Given precisely the same data, people see, interpret, or respond to them differently. A second perceptual problem is caused by people "filling in" information without checking its accuracy.

Semantic Barrier

Inability to converse in a language that is known by both the sender and receiver is the greatest barrier to effective communication. When a person uses inappropriate words while conversing or writing, it could lead to misunderstanding between the sender and a receiver. It is not only the difference in language that causes a barrier to effective communication. People speaking the same language can sometimes find it difficult to comprehend what is being said. For example, a lorry is a 'truck', and an elevator is a 'lift'. This difference in vocabulary can pose a barrier to effective communication.

Physical Barrier

One of the major barriers of communication in a workplace is the physical barrier. Physical barriers in an organization include large working areas that are physically separated from others. Other distractions that could cause a physical barrier in an organization are environmental factors such as background noise. Check out more information on physical barriers to effective communication.

Reference Website: http://www.blurtit.com/q511833.html

Accessed on date/time: 7th March, 2012 11:00pm