POGIL Heat Transfer Purpose At the end of the activity, students should be able: - To explain modes of heat transfer

er and understand the mechanism by which each occurs. - To distinguish between methods of heat transfer. Part 1: Heat Transfer We know by now that the transfer of heat occurs always for warmer objects to cooler objects until thermal equilibrium is achieved. At this point, the transfer of heat occurs at the same rate backwards and forwards between the objects. The transfer of heat occurs via three pathways: Conduction The transfer of heat via direct contact of matter is called conduction. Energy is transferred via vibrating atoms or molecules rubbing against other atoms or molecules. The degree to which matter conducts heat depends upon its bonding as well as the presence of mobile valence electrons. Metals tend to be excellent conductors due to their sea of electrons that result from an overlapping of valence shells. Matter with firmly fixed valence electrons are known as insulators. Convection The transfer of heat via the movement of a fluid is called convection. As blobs of matter change temperature, their densities are affected and are buoyed upwards or downwards. Radiation The transfer of heat via electromagnetic waves is called radiation. All matter radiates energy; the higher the energy the higher the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation that is emitted. Key Questions, Part 1: 1. Create a Venn diagram and compare and contrast the three modes of heat transfer.

2. Which modes of heat transfer require a medium? Which does not? Explain why a medium is/is not needed for each response.

Lab Activity & Analysis, Part 1: 1. Obtain a length of copper metal (or other metal) and a cube of shortening. Impale the shortening on one end of the metal and set up the diagram shown below. Light the tea-candle and record your observations.

a. Observations:

b. Explain why this happened.

c.

What would happen if you repeated the experiment, this time substituting the copper wire for a glass rod? Write your prediction below.

d. Try it! Record the outcome and provide an explanation for what happened.

2. Obtain a teabag. Carefully cut the top of the bag off and empty the tea leaves into the garbage. Place the teabag on your desk and light the bag using a match at the top of the bag, as shown in the diagram below.

a. Record your observations and explain what happened.

3. Light a tea-candle and use your observations to respond to the following questions: a. If you place your hand above the tea-candle, you feel its warmth. Via what main method is heat transferring? Explain.

b. If you place your hand to the side of the tea-candle, you feel its warmth, but much less so than in the situation described in 3a. Via what main method is heat transferring? Explain Critical Thinking Questions, Part 1:

1. Many older homes in Chicago and other metropolitan areas rely upon hot water or steam to heat their homes. The hot water or steam is piped to metal radiators, like the one shown below. Often these radiators are placed under windows. (a) Why are the radiators placed beneath the window, as opposed to some other location?

(b) What is the main method of heat transfer using radiators? Explain how the location of the radiators provides a clue to the answer.

2. Why does smoke from a cigar rise, and then settle off?

3. Unlike smoke from a cigar, helium will rise to the very top of the atmosphere. Why is this?

4. Mr. Cook is able to walk over a bed of red-hot coals without harm. Explain how he is able to do this.

5. Imogene is imagining the objects shown in the illustration below. Which of the objects shown continually transfer heat via radiation?

Conclusion In a concise paragraph, thoroughly address the following questions:

How are we affected by each of the types of heat transfer on a daily basis? Why are mediums required for some, but not all of the modes of heat transfer? In homes, much more insulation is placed in the attic than in the walls. What does this indicate about the main mode of heat loss? Identify other ways by which homes are insulated to slow the rate of heat transfer. If you had to design an insulated bottle designed to keep liquids either hot or cold for as long as possible, how would you design the bottle? Include an illustration with your description.