Arry Organization for Human Rights & Development

www.arry.org

Arry Organization For Human Rights & Development

Organizational Background:
The Arry Organization established in 2011 by Sudanese activists inside Sudan and in Diasporas, and it is an independent, non-governmental, non-partisan and non-profit organization dedicated to the promotion and the protection of human rights, peace building and development in Sudan, particularly at the conflict areas such as, Bule Nile, Darfur and Nuba Mountains territory. Our mission is to empower human rights , especially in the places where its most at risk as the case of Sudan conflict Zones , and support the most vulnerable communities and human rights defenders in the indigenous communities and minorities , in order to conduct liberty , justice , stability and development for those are suffering from injustice , atrocities and conflicts . Contact: Email: arry.org@gmail.com Tel: +1-816-419-8308

Arry Organization For Human Rights & Development

Nuba Mountains Peoples: Alone in The Face of Death

Nuba Mountains Crisis Comprehensive Report (April 2011- February 2012)

Arry Organization For Human Rights & Development

1February 2012 Hungry Child in Kauda , Nuba mountains

Introduction
On June 6th 2011, the Sudanese Armed Force (SAF) with the help of the Peoples Defense Forces(PDF) and the Central Reserve Forces known as Abu Tiyra started overwhelming military campaign in Kadugli city capital of Nuba mountains/South Kordofan State, which two-third of its population are African tribes called Nuba. The Sudanese Governments campaign continues until today causing the death of dozens, displaced and refuge at least half a million of Nuba Mountains people. The attacks have also destroyed 73 village, 48 school, 10 churches and 17 mosques, in addition to the death of hundreds of animals and the destructions of entire neighborhoods using bulldozers. Moreover, the Sudanese armed forces (SAF) besieges 32 villages a total siege in the Western, Southern and Central mountains, blocking food and medicine and prevents the citizens from leaving. All of the above is just a small picture of the violations and crimes against civilians, which is continues to be committed by the Sudanese regime and its armed forces and supporting militias. This report prepared by Arry Organization for Human Rights and Development with amazing participation of 30 researcher, interviewed 85 of Nuba Mountains people, including 37 women and 48 men aged between 25 and 70 years, 65 of whom are displaced to Khartoum, Al-Rahad and Al-Obaiyed,

Arry Organization For Human Rights & Development

and 10 from within the Nuba Mountains, in addition to 7 of the Nuba residing in Khartoum. The interviews were conducted in the period from June 23, 2011 until February 7, 2012. The researchers visited the Internally Displaced People (IDPs) within the state of Khartoum in Umbadh and Al-Fittyhab, Maio, Jpruna and Jabel Awliaa. Some of the researchers and the staff in Arry worked in providing humanitarian assistance in Al-Rahad, Al-Obiyed and Khartoum, through the initiatives of civil and local residents of those cities and in cooperation with some Nuba Mountains Peoples organizations in those areas, students and young people, particularly in the cities of A-Rahad and Al-Obiyed. Youth and students in these areas contributed to alleviate the suffering of the IDPs and Arry cooperated with them to provide assistance without any contribution from the government. The researchers worked under extremely dangerous security conditions and they are still facing several risks, especially after the issuance of this report. Our volunteers and researchers in Al-Rahad and Alobiyed were questioned by the security services and they were harassed and prevented from taking photos or talking to the IDPs in several occasions. Moreover, the local government and NISS members has confiscated the IDPs registration record in Al-Rahad from the local committee for assistance, the record included the names of the 13,000 IDPs, whom the local community and the volunteers managed to provide assistance to them, for more than month ( June 8 to July 25/ 2011). In Khartoum, our researchers and volunteers were subjected to harassment and interrogation by the security services, which has increased the determination of the organizations members and volunteers to deliver the essential information and findings about what is happening against the Nuba people and to expose the serious violations of human rights and war crimes the Government of Sudan committed in the Nuba Mountains in the past 8 month, ignoring international and national appeals, and enforced a complete media blackout on the situation of the Nuba and the critical effects of the war in the Nuba Mountains \ South Kordofan.

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2Dallanj City -Nuba mountains

Background on the Nuba Mountains:

The Nuba Mountains region is located in the central part of southwestern Sudan in the state of South Kordofan, between longitudes 29 and 31 degrees east and latitudes 12 and 30 degrees north, the area of the region is approximately 30000 (thirty thousand square miles), which is almost equivalent to the size of Scotland. The area is rich Savannah with heavy summer rains. The population of the Nuba Mountains depends completely on rain in particularly the water preserved in the valleys and creeks during the summer since they do not have any other source of water. A series of solid and tall granite mountains is forming the area of the Nuba Mountains, some of which reach elevation of 5000 (five thousand feet) above sea level, such as Mount Tmdeen, which is located north west of Rashad with a height of 4789 feet and Mountain Daiyer with a height of 4635. The entire area of the Nuba Mountains area considers fertile agricultural valleys rich in clay and sand and heavily covered with plants and weeds. There are about 116 tribes live in the Nuba Mountains speaking 64 languages, condemn Islam, Christianity and traditional African religions. There is a widespread controversy about Nuba Mountains population; however, 1.6 million is the latest number according to the latest census in 2010. Although

Arry Organization For Human Rights & Development

some researchers have estimated the number of the Nuba people to be about 2 million in the nineties during the first civil war . Most of the Nuba Mountains population works in agriculture where the percentage of illiteracy estimated in some areas, such as southern rural villages, with 90% . More than half a million of Nuba people were displaced during the war ended in 2005 and 100.000 people were killed. The people of the Nuba Mountains contributed to the fighting in the ranks of the SPLM and helped play a major role in its steadfastness in fighting against the Sudanese government for a quarter of a century, and the soldiers were defending and demanding their rights in freedom and justice in the development and political participation. In 2002 the rebel faction in Nuba Mountains signed an agreement with the government of Sudan in Switzerland, which led to the cessation of the fighting in the region. After the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2005 the Nuba Mountains were classified within what is called the Three Areas in the agreement and the voluntary return of displaced persons began after that, particularly from Khartoum, where the Commission of voluntary return repatriated 263.000 IDPs to Nuba Mountains until 2008. The elections in the state of South Kordofan was postponed and was not held in April 2010 as predetermined in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2005, instead it was held in May 2011 due to disagreements between the SPLM and the Government of Sudan about the results of the census, which was repeated in 2010 to correct 2008 census results. The new results showed that Southern Kordofans population was not 1.4 million as 2008 census announced but as the 2010 census results showed that the population number is 2.5 million with a difference of 1.1 million people. After steaming election race, started by a strong electoral campaigns, the elections results were rejected by the SPLM/N, when the National Congress Partys (NCP) announced the winning of their candidate for the position of the Governor with a difference of less than one percent. Since the announcement of the elections results, the state witnessed heavy military buildup that exceeded the security preparations of the elections, and pulled the warning tiger for the upcoming which started on June 5th and didnt stop until now.

3Abd Alazizi Alhilo SPLM/N Candidate for Governor of SK State - Elections campaign April 2011

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Table (1) : Nuba mountains Crisis important events April 2011 February 2012 : Date
5 April-2011 5April 15 May 2011 13-15April 2011 The event The start of the election campaign to choose the South Kordofan Governor and the state legislators The military buildup started with 3000 National reserve troops and SAF platoon moved from Khartoum to protect Kaduglis airport . 48peopls killed in SAF Campaign in Alfaid village , where 500houses were burned and most of the dead were killed by shot guns , these events came just two before the hot election between the Ahmed Haroon the NCP candidate and designated governor and Abd alaziez Alhilo the SPLM/N candidate for the governor position. The beginning of the voting in the election . Security preparations ahead to the elections results . The SPLM/N refuses the primary elections results, and claim it fraud . The NCP announced the winning of their Candidate from Khartoum amid the refusal of the SPLM/N to the announced results. Negotiations between to high delegations of both disputed parties NCP and SPLM/N The beginning of the fighting in Kadugli Peoples started fleeing Kadugli to Shair camp near UN campus to Alrahad and AlObaied in North Kordofan . House to house searching campaign begins, and the arbitrary arrest of the activists and SPLM/N supporters. The destructions of the SPLM/N properties and civilians homes in Kadugli neiabourhood of : Hajr Alnar, Hajar Almak, Tafary. The bombardment of SAF air force began to bomb Kadugli and its villages in the southern rural like Damba and Krongo Abd Alla. The heavy artillery targeting Dallanj city . The SAF bombardment spread to most areas in the Nuba mountains in the eastern , southern , and central southern . The SAF air force strikes targeting anything moves , animals or humans , destroyed churches , mosques , hospitals, schools, houses, water sources, communications infrastructures. Forcing deportations from Al Obaid to Kadugli for more than 3thousands IDPs The signing of Addis Ababa agreement between The SPLM/N and Nafia from the NCP , which admitted the right of the SPLM/N to remain as active political party in Sudan , and agreed to put new DDR plan for the SPLA/N. News about SAF using chemical weapons , affected 42 SAF troops while transporting the weapons to Nuba mountains ,and they transported back to Khartoum to be hospitalized. Peoples in Katcha and Umhaitan suffering skin rashes specially children. Arresting campaigns targeting Nuba people all over South Kordofan state and Khartoum and tens of men , youth and activists fled to Juba and Blue Nile. The arbitrary arrest of Dr. Bushra Gamar. The declaration of the State of South Sudan State. Evident of mass graves in Tello in Kadugli Sentinel Project . The daily SAF bombardment continues over Dallanj and the western mountains

2May 2011 8 May 2011 13 May 2011 15 May 2011 5 June 2011 6 June 2011 7 June 2011

8 June 2011 9 June 2011

12-13 June 2011 22June 2011

23-25 July 2011 9 July 2011 13 July 2011 1-30August 2011

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1September 2011 2-19 September 2011

31Aoctober 2011 1-30 November 2011

1-31 December 2011

1-30 January 2012

1-15 February 2012

, Krotshi near Kadugli, 7 air strikes reported from 19-30 August , in spite of Al Basir announcement of ceasefire from one side on August 15 for two weeks. The beginning of SAF military campaign in the Blue Nile State . The destroying of the SPLM/N president Malik Aggar. The Government shut down the SPLM/N buildings in all Sudanese states , and the arrest of 1400 of its members and the government announcing its leaders as rebels against the state. 19 September the SPLM/N strike on Taloudy and take control over parts of the town and its military base after violent fighting. Violent fighting in Taloody the town SPLM/N Partially controlled in September. The fighting continue in Taloody on November1st . SPLM/N is 30KM from Kadugli while the fighting intensified in Taloody with heavy SAF boming in Kauda and Talaody . In November 25th news about executions sentences to 19 SPLM/N members detained by NISS & SAF in Blue Nile after the war , among the SPLM/N president Cuktural consultant Mr.Abd Alomneim Rahama .all detainees fate remain unknown until now. November 11th the SAF air forces bombing Yida camp in Unity state South Sudan. December 11th , Ahmed Haroon South Kordofan governor survived the SPLM/N strong attack in Alatmoor 20KM east of Kadugli. SAF began using Shihab Iranian mussels from bases in Kadugli aiming at SPLM/N strong Kauda , the mussels rang is 50-120KM . the random strikes of these mussels destroyed civilians houses ,animals and peoples in the villages around Kauda where the mussels still striking. December 28th the GoS , closed all communication networks in South Kordofan from Alabasya to Dallanj in the west , and Trogy and Alburam to the south of the state . the networks reopened in early February, the Nuba mountains people were disconnected from the outside world for more than month , which affected the only way of money wiring to the far villages of the region . The communications network remain closed. In the mid of January the USAID and the FEWSNET announced early warning of famine in the Nuba Mountains by March. The United States announced through its UN ambassador , her country readiness to intervene in Sudan to provide Aid in the Nuba mountains without Khartoum approval . January 28th the fighting erupted in Alabassya between SAF and SPLM/N, and SAF bombed Abbassya villages ,displaced 32thousands in 48 hours. The Sudanese Government refuse to respond to the international community calls to open humanitarian access to the fighting areas to save civilians lives. The fighting continues around AlAbassya, and SAF closed the roads to North Kordofan that civilians used to flee the fighting areas. Thousands displaced to Umrowaba in North kordofan, and more than 12 villages totally destroyed by SAF bombardment and heavy artillery. SAF bombs Kauda and its surrounding villages . The fighting reached Rashad and Alabassya for the first time , which make most of the South Kordofan state WAR ZONES .

Arry Organization For Human Rights & Development

Nuba Mountains Map : The 19 counties population according 2010 census :

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Nuba Mountains: Jihad Again

The Sudanese newspaper Al-Sahafah published in the 4th of July2011 a statement by the Governor of South Kordofan stated that Jihad is an individual obligation to liberate Kauda, Al-Buram, Um Dooreen, Troojy and Krongo and other areas from the grip of insurgency This is the same call that were declared by Al-Bashirs government in1991, when it started a deadly campaign against Nuba Mountains people, which included continuous shelling on civilians in addition to forced relocating, rape, destruction and villages burning beside siege and prevention the arrival of humanitarian aid. This campaign ended with the death of thousands and the displacement of tens of thousands, it also 4Omer Bashir - Sudan Wanted President destroyed entire villages and vital facilities during the period from 1989 to1998. The estimated number of Nuba people who had been displaced from their villages or were forced to flee in that period was about half a million IDPs. Therefore, in the year 1992, the governor of South Kordofan back then Gen. Hussein, declared a similar call to the call of Haroon, who called for Jihad in the Nuba Mountains formally permissive killings, rape and looting under the umbrella of the Holy War .The estimated numbers of Nuba peoples killed in the Jihad campaigns led by the current regime is more than 100 thousand citizens, most of them were killed between 1990-1998. Dr. Millard Burr mentioned(Consultant, U.S. Committee for Refugees on The Crisis Against Humanity in Sudan) said in his testimony before the U.S. Congress on May 27, 1999: "The massacre of the tribes of the Nuba Mountains occur by the hands of governments forces, and it was continues until the moment of his speech. He also added that he found on his studies that: "600,000 Sudanese from the south and central Sudan have been killed since 1993 until 1998 This terrible image of mass murder, displacement and uprooting, in addition to the deliberate starvation by preventing humanitarian aid and burning villages, looting and killing livestock and polluting the water resources and the expulsion of citizens from their lands in addition to the daily shelling of civilians, this image repeats itself now, since last June in the Nuba Mountains \ South Kordofan, after the announcement of Jihad in the Nuba Mountains for the second time in two decades in which the area has not enjoyed the agreed peace, except in the period of the implementation of the (CPA) from 2005 until 2011. The humanitarian disaster in the Nuba Mountains is repeated again, using the same means, "Jihad," which as we shall see in this report have led in the past 8 month to the same disastrous results of the displacement, death and man-made famine, all amid the silence of the international community and shameful failure of the Security Council in it responsibility to protect civilians in conflict zones which are the people of the Nuba mountains in this case , The atrocities committed by the Government of Sudan against its own people is fairly to be described as war crimes and ethnic cleansing targeting the

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indigenous people of the Nuba ethnicity in Sudan, according to the International Humanitarian Law(IHL) and the Rome Statute .

The election: Military build-up and a war on the horizon

In the morning of Wednesday April 13TH , the people of Al-Faid a village near Rashad town, were terrified by the sound of bullets that were shot at a group of supporters of the SPLM/N from the Nubian tribe Tagaly which inhabits the area with other Arabic tribes, where a group of citizens were on their way to Rashad to attend the a political festival to support the candidate of SPLM/N for the governor position of South Kordofans elections, Mr. Abdul Aziz al-Hilo ,who is from Al-Faiyd village. In the morning of that day 48 people were killed, as the campaign continued until the next day. 500 houses were burned and most of those killed were dead gun shots. These events came two weeks before the beginning of the election, which saw a hot competition between the National Congress (NCP) candidate and governordesignated Ahmed Haroun and the SPLM/N candidate Abdul Aziz Al-Hilo. In a clear violation of the peoples rights of practicing free political participation, and the right to choose their political representatives, without exposure to terrorism or intimidation as mentioned in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the central government of Sudan and the state government of South Kordofan , used the Sudanese armed forces (SAF) and the NISS to intimidate the citizens in Kadugli and in the SPLM/N holding areas in the state, which caused a state of fear of the election and its consequences, as a result of the intensive military and security presence of the armed forces and security.

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Followed the incident of Al-Faiyd village, a state of intense military build-up in all cities and localities in South Kordofan before the elections, especially the areas of the SPLM/N presence such as AlBrum and Kauda in addition to the military build-up and the intensive spread of Abo Tira(the Central reserve forces). An eyewitness spoke to us said that about 3000 thousand of Abo Tira troops (the Central reserve forces) spread in Kadugli and localities surrounding it, in addition these forces were conducting a show of force within residential neighborhoods, such as the Korongo, as (G. L.) one of the citizens of the region stated :"the SUV cars loaded with machine guns and carrying many of " Abo Tira " the troops of central reserves- were roaming our neighborhood throughout the day as they were driving their cars too fast, terrorizing us , we felt very frightened and asked them to stop driving their cars this fast, but they did not respond to our requests . Visitors to South Kordofan during the election and also residents, noted the state of a heavy military build-up of the government forces including the army, police and security . that was so much more than just a security operation of local or even national election. A witness of the elections "M - A" said The big Kadugli mosques courtyard was filled with the governments armys tanks during the elections days which sparked fear in the hearts of the citizens that an impending war is looming on the horizon " This intensive military buildup from both parties during the election, especially by the ruling party in Sudan and the state - the National Congress Party- was an obvious manifestation of the depth of the crisis on the pending issues between the two sides, including the disarmament of the SPLM/N and the status of the SPLM/N as a political party after the imminent separation of South Sudan at that time under the leadership of SPLM, in addition to the popular consultation, which should identified the future and the options of the rich region holding the Sudan most oil and minerals resources in addition to agriculture. Moreover, Al-Bashir statement as reported before the elections in Al-Mujlad town on the chances of his party and its candidate to win the Governors position in South Kordofans election, he said : We will take it over by ballot boxes or ammunition" Akhir Lahzah Newspaper, 28 April 2011 (4). Al-Bashir continued to threatening: if the SPLM/N starts a war it will lose twice in war or elections- and he also said and when it comes [war] we will take off our Jlaleeb and Emam [Sudanese men traditional cloths] and we will go back to the Khaki(military clothes). according to the same source. The warnings red flags of a full scale war was looming in the atmosphere of South Kordofan, it also appeared to be a clear and ready plan of the ruling party the National conference party (NCP), preparing its refusal to surrender to the choice of the people and respect their right to choose their political representatives, and the government was determined to take over the election by force and that is what happened .where there were frequent reports during the first day of the elections about Mr Alhilos victory, however, the election ended with Harounss victory with a difference of 6000 votes. When the SPLM/N rejected the results accusing the NCP of fraud, boxes of ammunition exploded and the clothes was changed to Khaki, as Al-Bashir had already threatened in his speech days before the elections.

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5Wounded Girl in Kutchi - Nuba Mountains - June 2011

The beginning of horror: The attack on Kadugli:

The Sudanese army backed by Popular Defenses militias and the Reserve Central Forces known as "Abo Tira" committed violations of the international humanitarian law, which denied the attack on civilians, in the military campaign launched by SAF& PDF in early June against the SPLM/N forces. The attack started from the city of Kadugli then spread to the different areas of South Kordofan state. In a comprehensive attack aimed at civilians in Kadugli targeting the civilian residential neighborhoods, in addition to the arbitrary detentions, the ethnic executions and the targeting of civilians by air combat or heavy weapons, which were used heavily in the city, leading to the destruction of civic facilities, such as churches and schools. However, the most devastating atrocities was the direct targeting of Nuba people, who were exposed to terrorism and total destruction of entire neighborhoods inhabited by Nubia in Kadougli, in addition to the public executions, and the assassination of the Nuba political activists and ordinary peoples who were suspected by SAF to be affiliated to the SPLM/N, targeting them ethnically because the majority of SPLM/N supporters are NUBA.

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The fifth of June: Civilians are military targets

In the fifth of June,2011 at 5 pm the sound of heavy artillery and machine guns were heard in Kadugli, panic and bodies on the streets, arbitrary arrests and cruel destruction of civilians houses by SAF bulldozers began, that horror was witnessed by many people who fled in the next few days following the attack of SAF on Kadugli. People who managed to flee to Al-Rahad were able to deliver the following testimonies. one of the citizens, who fled from Kadugli on June 8th to the city of AlRahad in Northern Kordofan said that he saw at least ten bodies of civilians lying on the side of the road in the city center, some were slaughtered and others were shot dead and some died from severe beating since he did not see guns shots or slaughtering signs

6wounded child by Antonov bombing - Nuba Mountains

on the bodies. 28 years Nuba woman (G. R.) who was displaced from Kadugli in the tenth of June and she was living near the Artillery Force base in Kadugli, she described to us the terror that she experienced with her family in the first three days of the attack on Kadugli she explained "at 7 pm heavy fire from heavy guns and shooting started from one direction ,we lived near the artillery in Kadugli, the bombing was in the direction the of the Deputy Governor Al-Hilo house , and in the direction of the mountains where there is the SPLM/N guest house , the artillery shelling continued about two hours until 9 pm, the shelling continued throughout the night until the next morning coming from the direction of the SAF", she continued saying" in the morning of Tuesday, June 7 raids and house to house searching began and they came to our house but they found only women . Moreover, heavy shelling continued throughout the day, and heavy military vehicles such as tanks and a number of cars loaded with machine guns were moving near our house which severely terrified us, bullets were going through our houses courtyard. In the first night and even during the second day we slept and spend the day under the beds, without water or food. "

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Arming militias and Terrorizing Nuba People

A witness from the city of Kadugli lives in the Darja Talta district in Kadugli, which most of its residents are from the Arabic tribe, the Nuba young man (Z. K) 30years said to our researcher in khartoum "on the second day of the start of the fighting I saw a vehicle loaded with weapons in the neighborhood carrying members of the Peoples Defense Forces (PDF) and they started distributing weapons to Arab residents of the neighborhood, and when I asked one of my Arab neighbors if I could get a weapon, he replied that if I went to request a weapon they would kill me immediately. Then I asked my friends who I live with to leave the neighborhood since most of its Arab residents had been armed. The People's Defense Forces (PDF) and the Arabs militias supporting them participated with SAF in the houses to house searching, looting . Because properties of the Nubas citizens considered as "war spoils" as a way to encourage the militias to join the military operations as stated by some citizens who were tempted to join the People's Defense Forces (PDF) in Kadugli , since they have the right to loot any properties they can reach. our researchers met with (A. M.) 55years Nuba , he was a teacher and had had a house in Tafary neighborhood before the SAFs bulldozers swept from the face of the earth with dozens of other civilians houses, once belonged to Nuba people, said (A - M) "Before they destroy my home, they looted all my belongings even the ceiling they took it away", also in Kaduglis market, shops were looted and many of them were burned. The destruction included everything related to the SPLM/N in Kadugli and its supporters from the Nuba people , starting from the house of the SPLM/N state Governor candidate Mr. Abdul-Aziz Al-Hilo, and even neighborhoods inhabited by members or affiliated people of the SPLM/N who voted for it in the election, whom most of them are Nuba. All the neighborhoods of: Hajer Almak, Hajer Alnar , Tafary, Klemo, Umbattah, Murta Shariq was destroyed completely after looting peoples properties. the most affected neighborhoods were Hajer Alnaar, Hajer Almak and Alban Jadeed, these neighborhoods has the larger population in Kadugli, with an estimated population of about 4000 family in Hajer Alnaar and Alban Jadeed about 3000 family, these were some of the areas that were completely destroyed. (M- a) 50years an IDP from Kadugli interviewed by our researchers in Khartoum said that in the 18/19 until June 21, Hajer Alnaar neighborhood has been targeted by intensive bombardment by SAF air force, which led the citizens to escape and take shelter in the school of Hajer Alnaar, where dozens were killed in the bombing, most of their bodies had not been discovered only days after the attack in result of the continuous shelling.

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Death points on the road:

Some of the community leaders we interviewed estimated that nearly two thousand peoples have been killed within and around Kadugli in the period from 5 to 30 of June. These estimations cannot be confirmed and cannot be denied, due to the pictures of mass graves near Tello school in Kadugli, captured via satellite by (Sentinel Project) , cant not confirm the numbers of the peoples berried in this mass graves . There are what is known by Nuba people in and outside South Kordofan as Death Zones, they are the checkpoints set up by SAF at Khor Dalaib, Khor Afan, Hajar Dalaib and Alsarf Alahmar project areas, where the People's Defense Forces (PDF) and members of the security service intelligence service(NISS) and (SAF) search peoples in the roads when they are leaving Kadugli , since the early days of the war until now. They stop anyone that they suspected supporting the SLPM/N based on the skin color and belonging to the Nuba ethnicity , in addition to lists of all the names of the members of the SPLM/N and the election lists of those who voted for the SPLM/N used by the NISS, where they are targeting men and young people, arresting them then they take them to unknown places. There are numerous horrific stories we heard in our researches of the execution of these young detainees from the Nuba in their way out of Kadugli by SAF and NISS , where they eventually dump the bodies in Khor Afin and Khor Daileep according to these stories, those stories remain unverified , due to the banned access to those areas, however, personal searching, arbitrary arrests and kidnapping to unknown places in the way of Kadugli has been confirmed by many witnesses and victims as they are continue to happened until now. We have met (Y. H.) 50 year, who was asked to step down from the cart that was carrying him and dozens of people fleeing from Kadugli to Alubaied , he was traveling with his child,when he was beaten by 10 people from the army and Abu-Tira forces in front of the other travelers, but he begged them to release him for the sake of the child, who confirmed to the soldiers that the man is his father .

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Kadugli: The Mass Destruction

6December 2011, A village south of Kadugli after SAF bombing

In Kadugli, Episcopal Church was destroyed and the Great Mosque was burned, all schools and mosques of Hajer Alnar and Hajer Almak were destroyed in addition to the shelling, which began on June 8th targeting the villages around Kadugli such as Damba and Korongo. also the looting of houses and properties which carried out by the People's Defense forces(PDF) , targeting the Nuba people fleeing the random killing, as it was for personal reasons sometimes. A Nuba women fled to Khartoum told our researcher that a neighbor from one of the Arab tribes killed a Nuba man living in the neighborhood, because the victim had not paid him his house rent .the People Defense forces (PDF), led by Kafi Tayar (PDF leader), raised horror in Kadugli and all parts of the state, as a result of its members are not subject to hold responsibility to their actions , as they do not receive salaries, they just rely on the looting of the citizens, or what they call it "spoils of war."

7Awoen killed by Antonov bombardment on Kauda - June 2011

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In the Nuba Mountains \ South Kordofan: War is Everywhere.. Against Everything

8Bombing a village near Kauda December 2011

The full scale war launched by SAF against the rebels in the Nuba Mountains, has affected most parts of the Nuba Mountains \ South Kordofan State , serious violations of local and international laws has been committed by the Government of Sudan and its army and militias , especially the violations of the International Humanitarian Law and the constitution and of Sudan, which prohibits attacks on civilian areas or the destruction of civic facilities, but the entire infrastructure in the Nuba Mountains \ South Kordofan had been destroyed, schools, hospitals, houses of worship and telecommunications infrastructure, civilians properties, specially everything owned by the SPLM/N or its supporters, in addition to that civilians has been targeted on racial and political basis, subjected to arbitrary arrests, executions, torture and imprisonment without trial, all that mention is a very serious violations and devastating atrocities committed by the Government of Sudan armed forces and militias against the people of the Nuba Mountains. On June 7th , the fighting began to spread to other areas in the state of South Kordofan , the beginning was in the second largest city in the state Al- Dalanj. According to one of the IDPs who fled to Khartoum the sounds of heavy artillery were heard in the western side of the city coming from the eastern side where SAF troops are based. At western side most of the inhabitants are from Nuba tribes, which was subjected to heavy bombardment throughout the day, while there were no shelling toward the eastern districts which most of its population are from Arab tribes, traders and government officers from the Northern states. The next day the bombardment started in the surrounding villages, especially villages of Sellara and western mountains( T-K) 35 years.

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Sellara area exposed to heavy bombardment and total siege by SAF, which led thousands of civilians in the region to flee to the mountains and left their villages and their livestock and crops. Sllara area lies to the west of Al-Dalanj, consists of about 20 villages with a population of more than 110. 000 people, these areas suffered from the daily bombing for more than two months, this bombardment targeted everything that moves, which led to the deaths of dozens of animals and prevented people from coming back to their villages to bring water or to harvest their crops. Moreover, SAF prevented the citizens from leaving the area, but some of the displaced managed to sneak out . we met some of them in Khartoum after very difficult journey lasted for more than 10 days. (T - M) 60 years old, described to us his dangerous journey where he walked on foot with his familys members for four consecutive days trying to avoid the SAF troops who were besieging the area . They had to take very rugged roads, when we met Mr. (T - M) in Khartoum, he was suffering from bad ulcers on his foots as a result of the tough journey . In other areas such as Kauda, Alburam, western and southern rural of Kadugli the bombing started in the 8 of June, and did not stop until the ceasefire that announced by Al-Bashir on August 24th, bombing by SAF in Talodi was recorded on the 1st of September, where an Antonov dropped 17 bombs on the area which most of its population fled the war. 10 bombs fell in Worny and 6 others to the west area, as reported by Radio Dabanga. The bombing and the atrocities against civilians in the villages and cities of the Nuba Mountains/South Kordofan continued, different areas had experienced direct attack by AboTira forces and the People's Defense Forces(PDF), which accompany SAF in its operations. In these operations villages were burned, properties and cattle were looted. in early November in Abu Alhsheem a small village near Kadugly , the village was attacked at Four in the morning by the troops of the People's Defense and SAF, they burned the entire village and its 200 houses. The villagers flee to surrounding mountains and the jungle, a 70 years old Nuba fled Abu alhaseim to Khartoum said that his house was completely burned in that night and his cattle was taken. as a result of his inability to escape due to his illness he was shot inside his house and wounded by shrapnel in his legs. Then he was arrested with 3 women and their children they were not able to escape and were taken to Kadugli for interrogation, he did not know the fate of the women, but he was detained for a whole day in the NISS buildings in Kadugli , he was prevented from leaving the city for 10 days to complete the investigation on whether he was hiding rebels in his burned house.

9Awomen killed by bombing in Kutchi- Nuba mountains - June 2011

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Destroyed Villages and other under Totoal Siege

10October 26, Antonov bombed Tangoli village killed 65 years women and destroyed her house

The Community leaders from different regions of the Nuba Mountains we interviewed, estimated that at least 86 villages in the Nuba Mountains are totally empty after the people fled them, 42 villages were burned and destroyed completely by SAF and Abo Tira forces either through aerial bombardment or on grounds attacks, 18 of them in the rural areas in the west and south of Kadugli such as Pellnja, Altuma and Krongo Abdullah . 13 villages of AlAbbaisa were attacked in late January until the first week of February. Moreover, 50 villages lives under constant siege, including 20 villages in Sellara in the Western mountains, where SAF forcing a total siege around the area of Sellara , no goods, fooda is or people allowed to enter or leave the area, people who tried to escape were arrested and held accountable in Kadugli and at the checkpoints on the roads and were possibly killed. Villages that were destroyed are also under siege and people who flee cannot return and who stayed could not leave.

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Chemical Weapons

In a interview with (R. G.)40years from Umhaitan village, he said "I suffer from rashes on my whole skin, especially my feet, I could not walk on them for two weeks after I walked near a bomb dropped by an Antonov " he talked to our researchers on December2011, however, news about the transferring of chemical weapons to the Nuba mountains region 11strange skin rash - woman in Nuba mountains had been reported, but a number of peoples from Umhaiytan, Katsha and Kadugli complained from rashes and strange allergy, especially children.In spite of the lack of the scientific and medical tests, the pictures , continuous complaints from skin rashes and the reported death of large numbers of animals and its explosion after an hour of its death, as reprted in the villages around Kauda , indicates the serious risk of devastating environmental pollution threatening the health and lives of humans and animals. We appeal to the international community and the United Nations , the WHO and the UN Organization Against Chemical Weapons to intervene immediately and to open an urgent investigation of these complaints, and to provide health and scientific support needed to avoid the exacerbation of the suffering of the people of the Nuba Mountains.

12chilid rfugee in Yida camp suffering from severe skin enfection - February 2012

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Table (2) : The destroyed and evacuated villages in Nuba Mountians: Villages Situation Number Completely evacuated 84 villages villages Information Total population fled these villages after the SAF& PDF air and on-ground offensives since June 5th . 10 of them are in the western and southern Kadugli rural areas. Most of these villages fled to the surrounding mountains and few of them fled to other states in Sudan. SAF Burned this villages by air strikes or onground attacks , like Abu Alhasheim, Umhaitanand another 13 villages near Alabassya destroyed from January 28th to February 3rd . These are villages besieged by SAF , as they deny the goods and food access and prevent the people from fleeing to save their lives or to get out for any reason or to anybody to inter these villages like Sellara 20 villages ,as they besieged since June.

Completely burned and 55 villages destroyed villages

Villages under siege

63 Villages

The Displacement: Escaping to Hell

1.2 million people in the Nuba mountains

are in critical need for urgent

humanitarian relief , half of them in danger of famine within this month.

Serious violations of human rights were committed by SAF , the People's Defense militias and the Government of Sudans national and local officials against the Nuba people. The Nuba civilians were displaced from their homes, running to escape the bombardment and the military attacks that targeting civilians which eventually led to catastrophic humanitarian situation. These situation is threatening the lives of tens of thousands, which apply to the article 6 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, First session, New York, 3-10 September 2002 (Genocide by deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction). The displacement routs through dangerous crossing points toward safe areas , in addition to the forced relocation, the total military siege and the government prevention of humanitarian aid is threatening the lives of tens of thousands from the Nuba ethnicity, as they continued to be severely targeted by the Government of Sudan . Since the second day of the outbreak of the fighting in Kadugli in June 5, people began to flee out of the city, and in the next two days large numbers, were able to flee outside of Kadugli under fightings fires. Hundreds fled in very poor conditions to a Shaeir camp- near the headquarter of the UN Mission in

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Kadugli , where dozens stayed there waiting for their families who could not leave, or hoping to find a way to go to Alobaied city(in North Kordofan State) and from there to other Northern states . Leaving Kadugli was not easy, neither was to living in Shaair camp. The numbers of IDPs in the camp until 15 of June estimated to be 13,250 according to the Sudanese Red Crescent, also the Sudanese Humanitarian Affairs Commission (HAC) announced a week after the war erupted that 75% of the population of Kadugli totaling 135.000 according to the census 2010 population had been displaced, therefore the numbers of displaced people from Kadugli alone were about 100,000. The displacement from the northern zone such as Dallamy estimated by 6,000 IDPs, most of them fled to the city of AlRahad in North Kordofan, which hosted 13.000 IDPs in the period from June 8th to July 25th. In the western mountains, the city of Dillanj, Sllaras villages and areas around it the bombardment was intense and the siege prevented large numbers of affected people from fleeing the area, left them trapped in difficult humanitarian conditions, taking refuge in mountains and caves. However, displaced peoples numbers are estimated to be more than 20 thousand IDPs, most of them fled to Khartoum and other states such as Al-Jazeera and the Red Sea. As for the southern and central southern areas of the South Kordofan state, such as Kauda and Alburam and Talody, the displacement was most difficult as a result of the continuous SAF bombing on these areas where the strongest hold and strongest of the SPLM\N. The fear of arrest and death also forced many of the people of these areas to flee south to the border with South Sudan to the states of Bahr el Ghazal and Unity State. in Yida camp in Unity State the numbers of refugee estimated to be more than 36.000 refugee. More than 120,000 IDPs fled to Khartoum from the Nuba mountains/South Kordofan State. In the other northern states, the estimated number of IDPs is about 38 000. In Gedaref and Port Sudan there are about 10 thousand IDPs, Sennar and Madani cities are hosting 8000 IDPs. The IDPs in the northern states suffer from extremely difficult humanitarian conditions, where they did not received any assistance or aid and they are still hosted in relatives homes, some of the houses hosting more than 20 peoples, however most of these houses are in the slums and poor suburbs that consists of one or two room mostly built from local materials (clay). Moreover, the northern states are suffering from bad economic conditions, making job opportunities for those IDPS almost impossible. Also, the security conditions led them to hide in the slums, over the serious fear from arbitrary arrest and questioning by the NISS, because of the security continuous inspections inside those neighborhoods. The IDPs children are suffering from mal nutrition and most of them have not been enlisted in schools since they cannot afford it and the limited places available in the schools, in spite of the efforts of the local community leaders, still thousands of the IDPs children were not registered in schools in the last academic year in the northern states of Sudan.

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13Shair Camp Near Kdugli UN Campus - June 2011

Displacement within the Nuba Mountains \ South Kordofan

The internal displacement inside the Nuba Mountains \ South Kordofan state is another darck picture, the numbers of peoples who have fled from their homes into the mountains surrounding their villages are not precisely known due to the prevention of organizations entry and the difficulty of reaching them logistically and due to security conditions. However, the last census in the state of Nuba mountains/South Kordofan in 2010 show that the population of the state is 2.5 million, where 66% of the total population are Nuba ,which more than 1.6 million people. As a result of the widespread fighting all over the state, which arrived in the first and second of February to areas previously considered to be safe, such as the eastern regions of Rashad and Al-Abbasia, where in 48 hours 30 thousand peoples fled out of Al-Abbasia and the villages around it, the villages were completely destroyed according to IDPS fled to Um-Rawaba (north Kordofan state) , we managed to interview them. Because of SAF daily bombing , and cutting the roads to the northern states, in addition to the fear of arbitrary arrest, inspection and difficult livlihood conditions the IDPs face in Khartoum, tens of thousands were forced to stay trapped inside the Nuba mountains caves and take refuge in the forests and valleys where there is no mountains . 1.2 million Peoples within the Nuba Mountains/ South Kordofan are severely affected by the war, the ethnic targeting, and the serious violations of human rights, which made them in an urgent need of humanitarian assistant, starting with food ,medicine, shelter and education. The states infrastructure and

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basic facilities have been totally destroyed, especially under sieged areas in southern rural (Albram and Turojy) and in the central south in Kauda and the twenty villages in the western rural such as Pellinja and Krongo. Even residents of big cities such as Kadugli and Dallanj suffer from lack of food due to the raise in the foods prices by 100%, such as sorghum 50KG bag price was 120 SDG last May and the price now is between 250 and 300 SDG, in addition to the urgent need of various medical supplies. Also the complete cut off from the outside world after SAF deliberate destruction of the communication networks stopped the most used money wiring tool through mobile networks which people use to communicate and help their relative inside Nuba mountains, in addition to the complete insecurity conditions the people in Kadugli daily live through, where weapons are extensively spread inside the city, which led large number of traders to secure their goods, especially agricultural corps, by storage it outside the state which caused extremely high food prices and worsened the humanitarian crisis that effecting the people who had lost most of their incomes from regular jobs or working in agriculture or other resources.

Refugees in camps outside Sudan

There are more than 38.000 refugees in Yida camp, from the different areas of Nuba Mountains and they are live in a very bad humanitarian situation, since the United Nations stopped providing assistance to them, last November.

The international law protects the rights of refugees fled armed conflicts and the international humanitarian law denies attacks against civilians, however, in Yida camp for refugees from Nuba Mountains in Unity State in South Sudan, the camp was bombed by SAF air force on the 11th of last November, which terrified the refugees who fled the bombardment inside Nuba Mountains. The four bombs fell near children classroom, where 12 persons died and 20 were wounded, and a large number of children and women fled toward South Sudan and others fled back to the Nuba Mountains, which put the lives of these refugees under the risk of hunger and death inside the jungles. In interviews by our researchers with the local community committee representing the refugees in Yida camp continued since November, we learned that there was more than 38 000 refugees in the camp, from the different areas of Nuba mountains and they are living in a very bad humanitarian situation, since the United Nations stopped providing assistance to the refugees because of the camp is not compatible with international standards , the UN officers told the refugees committee . The camp located 35km away from the Sudanese border while the international standards require that the camp should be located 65km from the borders of the other country, and that the United Nations also mentioned the bad roads leading to the camp, and asked the refugees through a meetings with refugees representatives to move the camp to the regions of Yale or Faria in the province of Bentiu, but the refugees refused to go to those areas proposed, because it is close to the oil production areas , which may increase the chances of exposure to more violence either by SAF or rebel militias stationed in that region, fighting the army of South Sudan. In addition to that the refugees prefer to remain in places closer to their villages in the Nuba Mountains and

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the other reason of their refusal is that the areas they would be transferred to are mostly swamps, where its very difficult to cultivate, because refugees want to rely on themselves, but the UN response to the rejection of the refugees was by insisting on the deportation and the cease of all aid especially food. After the bombing of the camp in November, Oxfam which has been providing assistance in the camp withdrew, and CARE international as well, the only organization that stayed was Samaritans Purse, which provides assistance but does not fulfill the needs of the large numbers of refugees at the camp and newcomers, Yida camp receives between 500 to 1000 refugee a day. In the camp there is numbers of students left schools since last June. Some refugees volunteered with the assistance of some organizations to trains teachers and works to provide educational materials to open the schools for 4000 thousand elementary students and 150 High Schools students, but the big shortage in teachers, especially for students in secondary levels, is threatening the fate of these students with serious possibility to miss an entire academic year, which ends in the beginning of March, according to Sudanese academic calendar. The situation in Yida camp represent the void that the international organizations withdrawal for security reasons leaves, which increases the risks that refugees face from hunger, disease, and other life threats. Moreover , the very slow actions taken by the international community plus the expansion of humanitarian crisis and the barriers imposed by the states as in the case of South Kordofan, impose the need to reconsider the Humanitarian crisis response systems and to push for more involvement of the local organizations and the effected peoples themselves in the management of the process, as recommended by Oxfam in a recent report about the status of humanitarian aid under the new world order. This is what we call for by the implementation of humanitarian operations could save thousands of lives sufficiently and effectively with wider participation and less cost. Refugees in Yida camp are still waiting for humanitarian assistance, or reaching an agreement with the United Nations represented by the UNHCR and World Food Program. They are living in very bad and deteriorated humanitarian situation with daily increase of refugees numbers in the camp.

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The Forced Deportation:

The forced deportation operations which was carried out by the Government of Sudan (GoS) represented by Governor Ahmed Haroun and the Government officials in other states where refugees fled the fighting to, consider as serious violations of human rights of freedom of movement and the right to seek refuge in safe areas in the war or conflict . The forced relocation from Alshair camp, where people fled the fighting were forced to return to the war zones in Kadugli which endangering the lives of civilians. The incident was condemned by Amnesty International in June 24, 2011. On Thursday, June 16, 2011 the forced deportation of the IDPs in Al-Rahad and Al-Obied started. In AlRahad and in a violation of the rights of the IDPs internationally guaranteed, the governor of North Kordofan in the city of Al-Rahad in the southern border of the State of North Kordofan, met in person with the youth volunteers and supervisors of the operations of IDPs relief and asked them to stop providing aid and told them that he did not want any IDPs in his state, let alone opening camps or providing aid. At the same day afternoon the Governor brought four buses and asked his companions from the police and security to repatriate the IDPs according to destinations they want to leave to, where some of the IDPs expressed the desire to go to Khartoum and Aljazeera, but most of the IDPs -around a thousand- were deported by force to the buses that took them to Khartoum, that was in the presence of youth volunteers who provided aid to the IDPS , (N. M) 25 years, was among the volunteers providing assistance to the IDPs in Al-Rahad said : the Governor Mutasim Mirghani Hussein al- Zaki came to AlRahad at noon and asked to meet with the volunteers committee, and when we came , he told us that he did not want any of the IDPs in the state and the aid process should stop immediately and they would deport the IDPs to any state outside of North Kordofan on our expense). The next day the IDPs in AlRahads schools were expelled by the local officials, police forces and NISS and they had to stay under the sun with no shelter, after that about 45 buses transported about 2500 IDPs on that day to Khartoum, Madani and Port Sudan, The police prevented the volunteers from approaching the IDPS and the Police and the NISS forced the IDPs people to ride the buses using force and violence. Also in Al-Obied, on Friday June 11th , the IDPs who fled the fighting to the city had forced by the North Kordofan officials to return to Kadugli and Dillunj after I visit by Ahmed Haroon to the state where he agreed with Alobied governor to deport all the IDPs fled to the city back to Kadugli , (M-T)50years fled to Alobeid , and stayed there for two days said : NCP member from South Kordofan came to the IDPs place where we were sitting under trees in Alobied , he came to us and said that Ahmed Haroon has just left the city and ordered us all to go back to Kadugli, when we refused the next day they brought buses to take us back by force . About 1.000 IDPs were forcibly deported back to Kadugli , they were transported to an area outside of Kadugli because the bus drivers did not feel safe to approach more, however, many IDPs returned on foot to Al-Obied next day.

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Khartoum: The Invisible Displacement

120 thousands IDPs in Khartoum, 70% of them are women and children , hiding in the city slums in devastating & inhuman living conditions .

The IDPs in Khartoum are being subjected to numerous human rights violations, such as blocking humanitarian assistance and preventing opening camps or to communicate with humanitarian organizations, in a process of continuous terrorism against IDPs and their hosting families in Khartoum, by not allowing them to speak about the existence of the IDPs or to communicate with the media, in addition to the security surveillance, arbitrary detention and the nonstop harassment by security services and police , while the government does not provide any assistance to those IDPs or allow the international or national humanitarian organizations to provide them any aid, leaving them facing their miserable destiny secretly and completely alone . . The IDPs in Khartoum state live with relatives in the poorest parts of the states. The IDPS and their families are also being exposed to the tighten security and intensive terrorism that can be considered as siege In some neighborhoods, such as the Alfateh , were security personnel surrounded the neighborhood where large number of IDPs from the Nuba Mountains are staying, and they monitor entry and exit of citizens, they also met with the local leaders and threatened them and warned them of talking about the presence of IDPs or to request aid or communicate with the press and the media. The IDPs are also being subjected to the process of obfuscation and denial of their existence with the great terrorism of the security authorities and police, which exacerbate their humanitarian situation, such as hunger, disease, homelessness and put their lives at risk. Moreover, the security and official authorities refuse the involvement of organizations to provide aid. The fear of the security authorities makes it difficult to proceed assessment and registration process carried out by volunteers and local organization, because of the IDPs serious fear from registering their names or giving information, frightened that the government could notice their presence, especially since the security service had arresting lists of names of thousands of Nuba , NISS trying to arrest on suspicion of supporting the SPLM /N. The displaced families in Khartoum live in constant fear for their young men to be forced to be recruited in the army or the PDF, after live threats to them and their families, which led large numbers of young people who have fled to Khartoum to leave to the state of the Blue Nile before the s the war erupted there in September.

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Table (3) : The Displacement in the Northern States from Nuba mountains :
Areas hosting IDPs IDPs Numbers ( individuals) East Sudan States ( Gdarif and 10.000 PortSudan ) Aljazeera and Sennar States ( Madany and Sennar) Nile State ( Atbara) Northern State ( Dongola) North Kordofan State ( Alrahad , Alobaied, Umrowaba) 8.000 2.500 6.500 16.000 Notes Displaced since the fighting erupted. No assistant allowed or provided by Government or NGOs No assistant allowed or provided by Government or NGOs

Khartoum State

120.000

The Total IDPs numbers in the 163.000 Northern States

North kordofan state is the way out from Nuba mountains/South Kordofan State , which all IDPs fleeing the state go through. These numbers included the IDPs from Alabassya in February 2nd . The IDPs distributed in the Khartoum Slums like ( Jabrona, Umbadda, Mayo, Alhaj Yossif, Dar Alsalam and others ) These Number collected by the local community leaders in association with volunteers , in continuous process from June to February , while the efforts to conduct comprehensive assessment to the IDPs in the northern states remain strained by security and government authorities.

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The Displaced Children and Women: Endless Suffering

The other crisis that faces the IDPs is education, where thousands of students were not able to register in Khartoums schools, whereas 70% from the 120,000 IDPs in Khartoum are women and children, since the youth and fathers could not flee out of Nuba Mountains, which is left thousands of women in displacement areas in Khartoum in destitution and extreme poverty, bringing back the experience of displacement in the nineties and the suffering of women in the tough work as maids with unfair wages, which led them to take the risk of selling Alcohols prohibited by Sudanese law putting dozens of them at risk of imprisonment, in addition to the continues raids campaigns in the slums in Umbadda, Al-fittaihab, Maio, and other slums, targeting these women who are struggling to feed their children. As (H. M.) said that the police carry out raids campaigns at all times during the day and night, in the neighborhood in Umbadh where he lives and where at least 10,000 newly IDPs moved. Morover, (W - T) said that the police in the neighborhood of Al-Izba the squatter settlement in Babhry search public transports and make indiscriminate arrests and imprisonment of tens without a trial only on suspicion of drinking alcohol. Also the economic conditions experienced by the country reduced the chances of work, especially manual labor for men, which increases the pressure on women to support their families in ways that expose them to the dangers of imprisonment beside sexual and psychological assault. There is no assistant from any kind had provided by the local government in Khartoum, neither the community base initiatives did not provide such help , because of the total dissolving of the Khartoum IDPs in the Khartoum population inside the slums they hide in , which make extremely difficult to reach for those deliberately invisible IDPs .

The Mass Arrests and Executions

There are 6200 Nuba detainees, 2,300 were released, while the rest of the detainees fate remains unknown.

The SAF and PDF raided and searched for the SPLM/N members, where dozens were arbitrarily arrested, taken to unknown destinations where some of them executed without trial. Numbers of detainees held by the National and Intelligence Security Service (NISS) and SAF since the start of the fighting in June within South Kordofan and in the Khartoum and other states estimated to be 6200 detainees, 2,300 were released, while the rest of the detainees fate remains unknown. One of the detainees is in the regimes prisons since last June without trial is Dr. Bushra Gamar a human rights activist who was arrested on June 25th . There are many Nubans detainees from police, NISS and SAF inside the military prisons , and their fate remains unknown. There are 114 Nubans detainees in Omdurman military prison, who were transferred from Kadugli on July 24th , one of the detainees family has been able to visit him on Dec. 21st ,the detainee told his family that the detainees were subjected to military trials, but they have not been sentenced yet the family member told our researcher.

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The arbitrary arrests continues against Nuba Mountains people in South Kordofan and in Khartoum, where Nubans, particularly the activists, are being subjected to close monitoring in the areas where they reside and they are being interrogated continuously for hours inside the offices of the NISS. One of the detainees told us that I have been arrested from my house in Umbabda early the morning, and I was interrogated with for hours in the offices of the NISS and I was not released until 11.00PM, this was repeated for 3 consecutive days, and my house is still under monitoring"(M. N.) 60 years old. Nubans are being subjected to wrongful terminations from government jobs, especially in the state of South Kordofan where (M. G)45 years was fired from his job at the Taxes Department with other 5 Nuba colleagues , (M. G.) said "after two months of the beginning of fighting I received an official letter of my termination for absence, and the letter was dated June 6th the day of the beginning of the attacks and I was at work on that day until 3 afternoon". As for Nubans employees who returned to work after it became relatively safe in Kadugli, they were interrogated with and asked to sign on pledges not to practice political action especially with the SPLM/N, according to some residents of Kadugli we have interviewed . SAF and PDF raided houses and in these campaigns, dozens were arrested and unknown numbers were executed. As the eyewitness (M. Z.) 29 years said : in June the 8 th and while I was trying to leave Kadugli , near the PDFs buildings in Kadugli a Nuba man was running in front of me when he was shot dead( D. Kh)50years said there was many of us women and children in our way to leave Kadugli to Alshair camp when near the PDFs building, the PDF started shooting us and a child was seriously injured in his stomach and some men took him to the UN buildings as we wrapped the wound with my daughters cloths

Shair Camp and the story of another failure of the International Peacekeeping Forces
In Shair camp near the buildings of the UN mission in Kadugli, where the citizens took refuge in search of protection and safety . the security forces and AboTiyra executed and arrested the peoples who fled the fighting and took refuge in the UN campus under the watch of the international peacekeeping forces, where the forces did not take any action to protect the IDPs, which prove the shameful failure of the UN Mission in Sudan in 14 Shair Camp- Kadugli UN Campus - June implementing its mandate and protecting civilians and providing aid to them. 2011 AboTaiyra forces and SAF executed 6 persons in two days as witness (K. Z.) 29 years, told us when he said "I have seen with my own eyes 6 Nubans being executed in Shair camp, where SAF troops surrounded the camp and enter the camp daily with some members of the PDF, who only point out some of the Nubans youth and men then take them and shoot them immediately near the camp and in front of viewers" (M. S.)26 recounted that she saw also one of the Nubans arrested in the camp and did not come back until she left the camp two days later.

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The Mass Graves

The SAF campaign, which included direct targeting of civilians, aerial bombardment and the use of heavy weapons that destroyed and killed civilians in villages and cities that do not have military facilities or armed forces which were carried out in the Nuba Mountains since last June, are considered as serious violations to all international laws and conventions which ratified by the Sudans government and agreed to protect civilians. the accumulate evidence are strongly supporting that there are war crimes and ethnic cleansing have been committed by the Sudanese army and the Sudanese government against the Nuba mountains people and continues to be committed until now
151515Sentinel Satellite picture of the mass graves in Tello -Kadugli- August 2011

Satellites images have shown photos of mass graves, as the Sentinel Project and the analysis consultants of the collected information by the satellite in the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative also confirmed. Our researchers spoke to one of the citizens of Tello where the three graves images where captured by the satellite , the local resident of Tello had confirmed on an inteveiw with our researcher , the existance of two big hills behind the secondary school of Tello each one of them length over 200 meters, he added that in the first two days of the fight in Kadugli, SAF bulldozers dug these holes, which were buried later. Then when we asked about whether these holes are mass graves, siad (G- M) 35 years old : my cousin works with the Red Crescent, and he said they had buried the dead bodies from the first days of the war in this place The cousin refused to talk to us directly.

Nuba People Live in Constant Fear 1.6 million peoples of the Nuba Mountains suffering from constant fear for their lives, property and their future.
Nuba Mountains people are living in a worsening tragedy and humanitarian disaster. More than 1.6 million peoples of the Nuba Mountains suffering from constant fear for their lives, property and the future of their children, under the ongoing war and ongoing atrocities which critically endangers their lives . The famine, which hangs over the Nuba Mountains, and the daily shelling of civilian areas, plus the

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inhuman conditions in the areas of refuge and displacement, in addition to the dangers of arbitrary detention, torture and forced deportation, which committed by the Government of Sudan and its Armed Forces(SAF) , the PDF and the NISS are placing very serious threats to the whole existence of the Nuba people in Sudan. The people of the Nuba Mountains are now in danger of real genocide, as the displacement of tens of thousands from their land which has become unfit for cultivation as a result of minefields and the unexploded bombs , in addition to the pollution and destruction of waters sources, and the fear of being targeted because of race, which prevents Nuba people from moving freely in the Nuba Mountains and the rest of Sudan. Assassinations, arbitrary arrests that targeted the educated Nuba , political leaders and activists, reached over to the Nuba members of Army, Police and NISS plus the civic service , which point to the real threats to the survival of the Nuba people and their ability to live freely and to maintain their uniqueness and original indigenous culture. Nuba people from all groups and ages categories whom we have met, have expressed fear and a sense of insecurity even in Khartoum, where all people we have met even elderly and women were subjected to investigation or arbitrary detention by the SAF , NISS or Police, whether in Khartoum or in South Kordofan. We interviews 40 Nuba IDPs in Khartoum and 7 residents and interviewed over the telephone 10 of the Nuba Mountains residents in different areas such as Kadugli, Dilling, Rashad or Um-Haitan and Alabbaya, as our researchers in Al-Rahad interviewed about 23 IDPs displaced to Al-Rahad and 5 people displaced to Al-Obied. In all these interviews, in the period between June23rd until February7th , Nuba people have expressed their fear of continues atrcities against them as a race and ethnicity, and what is happening to them by the GoS and its security forces and armed forces will lead to the death or escape of all the Nuba from Sudan. (T. M.) the 60 years old IDP said "I do not feel that I am a citizen of this country and that I have rights as others, I do not know why I am treated as if I am not a human being and I a m not a Sudanese like them, I feel threatened and I fear for my children and their future and I fear for my people who are being killed without mercy and I do not know why !" .He was talking to us and his eyes filled with tears when we met him in late June, when we searched for him in December, we were told that he was subjected to several arrests attempt so he fled to South Sudan. As for (K - M) 40-year-old, one of the Nuba women activists who live in Khartoum, and had been arrested for four times, she said, "My people are facing a genocide, they are mercilessly killing us, why the world stands watching?"

16chiild in Yida camp suffering from mal nutrition-December 2011- Voices of America

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Arry Organization For Human Rights & Development

Famine already started

17February 2012- Kauda Nuba mountains - children and women hiding in the caves suffering from severe mal nutrition

In interviews with some of the owners of farmland in South Kordofan in Dallamy on January 23rd 2012, our researchers were told that the lands which was cultivated this year is less than 20%, in addition to the start of the war the climatic conditions were also bad this year. A land owner said that the workers he normally needs to harvest his 3000 thousand acres, who are from indigenous Nuba of Dallamy area, used to be about 600 - to 800 workers, but this season he employed a quarter of that number, and since he pays a percentage of production as a wage the workers who were able to work this year received only 25% of the usual income. Since agriculture is the main economic activity in South Kordofan, the citizens are suffering since mid-February from a severe shortage in food, as the stocked from lean harvest this year will not contribute to the reduction of food prices, which have multiplied by 100% as in sorghum , which was last May 2 SDG for Malwa now its sold at 5 SDG in the agricultural and safe areas, but in the city of Dilling and the besieged areas the prices are between 8 and 10 SDG, while in Kauda the price for a cup of salt is 5 SDG, and a pound of sugar is 10 SDG. The health condition is witnessing a full shortage in medicine in the western and southern rural areas and in the western mountains in Dallanj. Moreover, the patients are forced to walk for more than 16

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Arry Organization For Human Rights & Development

kilometers to get to the nearest area with only some antibiotics, as in Alburam , Sellara and Umhytan. There are also signs of malnutrition appeared on women and children and elderly since last November, some of the cases who we met with on November 21st 2011, who came from the village of Abu Alhashim which was burned by SAF and the PDF in early November.

Table (4) Food Prices in Dallamy , Kauda and Sellara February 2012 : Type/ Amount Surghum /50KG Sugar/ 1 pound Cocking Oil/ 0.5Litre Salt / 25 Gram Prices in February Prices in May 2011 2012 250-300SDG 125-100 SDG 5-10 SDG 1.5 SDG 12-15 SDG 5-10 SDG 2 SDG 0.5 SDG The Difference 100-125 SDg/+100% 3.5-8 SDG / 200500% 10-13 SDG/500% 4.5-9.5 SDG/1000%

The international Community: The silent killer

9 months passed now since the beginning of the military campaign by Sudanese Armed Forces SAF , PDF and NISS militias against the people of the Nuba mountains in Kadugli the Capital of the Nuba mountains / South Kordofan State, while the international community continues to practice levels of silence and poor reaction , which is make it very difficult to trust the international system ability to perform its role toward the protection of humanity , the role in which the 198 States in the world had signed the United Nation conventions to insure its execution . The serious violations and the ethnic cleansing committed by Al Bashir and Ahmaed Haroon the wanted criminals by the International Criminal Court for crimes against humanity and war crimes , those violations and atrocities are repeating themselves against the people of Nuba Mountains, while the crimes in Darfur did not ended yet , and the

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Arry Organization For Human Rights & Development

wound of South Sudans are still fresh after the Genocide committed by the Sudanese regime , perished 2million peoples, 100 thousands of them were from Nuba mountains. The International community had pledged to never repeat this kind of massacres under their watch after Rwanda , and created the (Responsibility to Protect Principle )(R2P), which impose to all state agreed to it to protect civilians all over the world , in the case of exposing to war crimes, crimes against humanity , included ethnic cleansing or Genocide, anywhere in the world . But the silence and very slow actions to take effective procedures to protect the civilians in Nuba mountains , in addition to no real support provided to face the famine the taking place right now , and the daily killing , arbitrary arrests , forcing relocation and everyday terror the Nuba mountains people live through in Sudan and even the refugee camps , is serious violations to the international law , which lays the responsibility of thousands of 24/7 endangered lives of the Nuba people between the hands of the international community.

Recommendations :
Arry organization call for the international community through all its justice, human rights and humanitarian organs , in the United Nation and Security Council to urgently take action and make effective decisions to relieve the suffering of the people of Nuba mountains which never stopped for more than 3 decades of nonstop conflict . the international community, the United States, The United Kingdom and France should repeat the same successful process which saved thousands of lives in Benghazi , and impose NO FLY ZONE over Nuba mountains , Blue Nile and Darfur and all the Sudan south borders , where the Sudanese Armed Forces continues to bomb civilians since last June in Nuba Mountains and last September in Blue Nile. We call the international to take their responsibility toward half million people endanger of famine in the Nuba mountains/ South Kordofan, we also call upon the United State of America to urgently start another (OFL)( Operation LifeLine) , a very successful cross border humanitarian oeration saved millions in south Sudan during the civil war, this kind of bold actions are extremely needed to save lives in the Nuba mountains after so much delayed actions . We call upon all sponsoring countries of the CPA, to put more pressure on the Sudanese regime to open the humanitarian unconditioned access to all affected areas, and to open the safe roads the IDPS to flee from the fighting areas to safer areas without endangering their live, and to release all detainees or present them to justice.

We call the Sudanese Government to urgently stop the bombardment and atrocities against civilians, and the international community should put strong sanctions to weapon selling to Sudan which had been used in killing civilians ,that basically sold to the SAF by Russia , Iran and China without surveillance . The international community should move to stop the repeating of the ethnic cleansing committed by the same war criminals against the 1.6 million people in the Nuba mountains . Arry Organization For Human Rights & Development

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We call the Sudanese Government and the Sudanese liberation Movement/ North (SPLM/N) to work to facilitate the opening of safe access for the humanitarian organizations, and provide the needed protection for the local and international humanitarian workers to insure the continuous of the aid process .

Finally we call upon the conflict parties the Sudan Government and the SPLM/N to cooperate with the international community and all stakeholders and start political negotiation to find political solutions under the umbrella of the regional and international organization, to end the suffering of thousands of peoples.

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Arry Organization For Human Rights & Development