Project Report On Security System switcher

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHONOLOGY IN DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

SUBMITTED BY: SHEENA JAIN (7EC-99) ENROLMENT No:JNUjpr/0102080123

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR JULY 2011 Security system Switcher 1

PREFACE

This file includes the information about the project that I have made under the guidance fo faculty of Electronics and communication Dept. The name of the project is security system switcher. The duration of the project is around 12 days. This file includes all the topic related to the project like circuit diagram, explanation of circuit, steps of fabrication etc. I wish to express my gratitude towards my mentor, Lecturer of Electronics and Communication Dept. for his affectionate and undaunted guidance and support.

Security system Switcher

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I gratefully acknowledge to my mentor, Lecturer of Electronics & Communication Engineering, JNU, Jaipur, for his valuable guidance, excellent supervision & constant encouragement during my project work at Jaipur National University, Jaipur, for continuous interest to pursue my project work.

I am greatly indebted to his deep perception, understanding ability, mature, excellent supervision and generous help which he rendered to my every step. Without his cooperation and guidance, it would have been inconceivable to complete my undertaken project. I am also thankful to all the faculty members of Electronics & Communication department without which i was not able to complete my project.

Sheena Jain 7EC-99

Security system Switcher

ABSTRACT

Security System Switcher is a device which helps in detecting the intruder and will automatically switch on the security system or gadget to which it is connected. An audio signal is used to activate the security system switcher. For example, an automatic security camera can be configured to respond to a knock on the door. It uses a condenser microphone to detect the audio signal( for example a knock on the door). It uses two ICs one is LMC555 and CD4538. LMC555 is a timer IC which is used to give the timing to the circuit. IC CD4538 is a dual precision monostable multivibrator which is used to switch ON the transistor. As soon as transistor is switched ON it activates the security system connected to it. So we can use this device to protect our homes, offices, banks etc from the intruders.

Security system Switcher

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1) Circuit diagram 2) Explanation 3) PCB layout 4) Fabrication and Assembly 5) Result 6) Datasheets 7) Component list and cost

Security system Switcher

TABLE OF DIAGRAM

1) Circuit diagram 2) PCB layout 3) Screen of express PCB software

Security system Switcher

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

FIG: SECURITY SYSTEM SWITCHER

The software that I have used to make the circuit diagram is Express Sch.

Security system Switcher

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Security system Switcher

EXPLAINATION

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Security system switcher as the name suggests it is used to switch ON the security system connected in the output of this system. This system can be used in homes, offices, banks to protect them from the intruders. The circuit diagram of this system comprises of the following components: 1) Resistors (10k, 1k, 100k, 3.3k, 1M, 4k). 2) Capacitor (ceramic {100nf, 0.01uf}, electrolytic {2.2uf, 47uf, 220uf}). 3) Transistor (BC547). 4) Variable resistor (2.2M). 5) Diode (1N4148, 1N4007). 6) SPDT switch. 7) LED. 8) IC1- LMC555. 9) IC2 (A) - CD4538. 10) IC2 (B) - CD4538 11) Condenser microphone. The circuit consist of condenser microphone which is connected in the input of the circuit. There is a preamplifier circuit built around the transistor Q is connected to the microphone. Now the output of the amplifier is fed to the pin number 2 of the IC1 LMC555. Pin number 4 & 8 of IC1 is connected to Vcc. Pin number 6&7 is connected to the ground through a capacitor of 2.2uf. pin number 1 is connected to the ground & pi number 5 is also connected

Security system Switcher

to the ground but through a capacitor of 0.01uf. The output of the ICI is taken from pin number 3. The output of the IC1 is fed to the pi number 4 of IC2(A) through a SPDT switch. Pin number 3 & 5 of IC2(A) is connected to Vcc. Pin number 8 of IC2(A) is connected to the ground. Pin number 7 of IC2(A) is connected to the pin number 12 of IC2(B). The output is taken from pin number 10 of IC2(B ). This output is fed to the transistor. Now the collector of the transistor is connected to a diode.

WORKING This circuit is activated by an audio signal. For example, an automatic security camera can be configured to respond to a knock on the door. This audio signal is detected by the condenser microphone connected in the input of the circuit. The microphone will convert the sound signal into the electrical signal. This electrical signal is fed into the preamplifier built around transistor Q connected in the input circuit. The 1M, 3.3k, 100k resistor connected to the transistor are the biasing resistors. Now this amplified signal is applied at the pin 2 of IC1LMC555. This IC is wired in monostable configuration. The output of IC1 is connected to the first trigger input pin 4 of IC2(A) through the SPDT switch. Now if an intruder open or breaks the door the IC1 is triggered by the sound signal and the output of ICI at pin number 3 goes high which enables the IC2(A). IC2(A) is a dual precision monostale multivibrator. The work of this IC is to provide the time period of 5 to 125 seconds. This time period is adjusted or varied by the preset connected to IC2(A). Now the IC2(B) provides the time period of 125 to 600 seconds. The output of the of this IC if fed to the transistor trough a resistor of 4k. This is used to switch ON the transistor. As the transistor is switched ON it activates the security system connected to this circuit through a relay. The timing is basically the charging of the capacitor. The time taken by the capacitor

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for its charging is he time period provided by the IC2(A) and IC2(B). As we are giving 5V supply to the circuit so the capacitor will charge up to the 5V. When it is fully charged then the led connected at the output of the circuit glows which means the security system connected to this circuit is activated. In this way it helps in switching ON any security system.

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PCB LAYOUT

FIG: PCB LAYOUT OF SECURITY SYSTEM SWITCHER

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FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY

There are many steps include in the process of fabrication. The steps are as follows: a) MAKING OF PCB LAYOUT Firstly I made the PCB layout of my circuit. PCB layout can be made by using the following softwares: i) ii) Express PCB Eagle

I made my layout by using Express PCB software. I have chosen this software because it is very easy to use. It consist of a component library in which I found almost every component. It has a very wide library of components. Below is the screen of the Express PCB software.

FIG: SCREEN OF EXPRESS PCB SOFTWARE

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We can make layout of any circuit in this software. We can make the layout of any circuit by simply connecting the wires. In this software the components are connected with the help of trace path. But there is a limitation of this software that the two trace path cannot intersect each other. If this happens then the trace paths are shorted. The trace path cannot be turned by 90 degree. The trace path should be turned at 45 degree angle. In this way we can easily make the layout of any circuit by using this software. b) CLEANING OF PCB In this process we have to clean the PCB through the metallic wool. Cleaning of PCB means removal of grease from the surface of PCB. We have to use copper clad PCB i.e. plain PCB. In order to clean the PCB, the copper clad is tightly rubbed by the metallic wool. One thing is very important that the PCB should not be hold from its surface. We should hold it from its edges.

c) TRANSFER OF LAYOUT ON PCB After making the layout of the circuit the layout is to be transferred on the PCB. Take the lase printout of the layout on the epoxy sheets. These are the following methods for transferring the layout on the PCB: i) ii) Laser printing Press and peel method

I have used the press and peel method. It is a very easy method. As the PCB is now cleaned so the layout is ready to be transferred on PCB. Put the PCB on a hard surface. Put the layout on the bottom surface of PCB. Now apply pressure on it by

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using an iron. The heat released by the iron on the paper will help to transfer the layout on the PCB. In this way the whole layout is transferred on the PCB. d) COOLING OF PCB After transferring the layout on the PCB the next process is cooling of PCB. As we have used an iron so PCB become hot. So put the PCB in the water for some time to decrease its temperature. Now remove the paper from the surface of PCB so that only layout is imprint on the PCB. Paper is removed by using a toothbrush.

e) ETCHING Etching is the process of removal of copper from the PCB surface. This is done by putting the PCB in the solution of water and anhydrous ferric chloride. Put the PCB inside the solution and stir continuously until all the copper is removed from the surface of the PCB.

f) REMOVAL OF TONER FROM THE PCB SURFACE After etching we have to clean the PCB with the acetone in order to remove the toner of the laser printout from the PCB surface. This is done by making the cotton to dip inside the acetone and then this cotton is rubbed against the PCB. In this way the toner is removed and the colour of the trace path become golden.

g) DRILLING After the removal of toner from the PCB surface we have to drill the PCB in order to make the holes on the appropriate place according to the layout. This is done by using the drill bit. Now the PCB is fabricated.

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h) ASSEMBLY Now after the fabrication the components are to be assembled on the PCB according to the circuit layout.

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RESULT

I have successfully made the project under the guidance of Mr. Kapil Saraswat. The project took 12 days to complete. The project is in running condition. The output of the circuit is that when capacitor charges to 5V, then the led connected in the output will glow and piezoelectric buzzer connected at the output will be activated. When buzzer will sound we can easily catch the intruder.

The problem with this circuit is that the time period is not fixed. At one time the buzzer will sound in 5 minutes and in another time the buzzer will sound in 10 minutes. So the timing given by the capacitor is not fixed. This is because it is a hardware project and the timing of the circuit will effect from different parameters like fluctuating voltage, temperature etc.

We can make this project by providing the accurate timing. This is done by using the microcontroller and a program is installed in the microcontroller to control the security system. By doing this we can make the buzzer to sound repeatedly at the same time. This system is used in different places like in our homes, banks, hospitals, multiplexes, offices etc.

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COMPONENT LIST AND COST

NAME OF COMPONENT Resistor (10k, 100k) Resistor (1M, 3.3k, 4k, 1k) Ceramic Capacitor (0.01uf, 0.1uf) Electrolytic capacitor (1000uf, 220uf) Electrolytic capacitor (47uf, 2.2uf) Preset (2.2M) IC LMC555 IC CD4538 IC 7805 SPDT switch Condenser microphone

QUANTITY 4 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1

COST 2/1/1/7/4/8/12/20/8/8/5/-

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Diode (1N4007) Diode (1N4148) Transistor (BC547) Led Piezoelectric buzzer Copper clad Metallic wool

6 2 1 1 1 2 100gm

12/4/4/1/10/30/50/-

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