Diskusi 1. Bagi anda apa itu hakekat manusia?

Dan kenapa dan apa pentingnya anda belajar tentang manusia? Sekompleks apakah anda belajar tentang manusia? Mudahkah dan seberapa penting anda memahami manusia? Kenapa? Bagaimana anda mempelajari dan memahami manusia? a. Brainstorming 2. Bagi anda apa itu kehidupan? Sekompleks apakah anda belajar tentang kehidupan? Apa anda apakah yang perlu dipelajari dari kehidupan? Bagaimana anda mempelahari kehidupan? Bagaimana letak manusia dalam kehidupannya? 3. Apa itu humanistik menurut pendapat anda? Ceramah Pra sejarah 4. Apa yang anda pahami setelah anda membaca tentang Odissey? Bagaimana manusia digambarkan dalam Odissey? Apakah anda juga membaca tentang mitos Oedipus? 5. Socrates : a. the psyche is the abode of character, intelligence, and virtue. Human well-being depends on the state of this psyche. b. Knowledge leads to good, and wrongdoing is involuntary and based on ignorance. c. In Socrates' view, no human would wish for anything less than true good and true happiness, but many individuals miscarry in their actions for lack of knowledge of the true good. 6. Plato : - For Plato, this earthly life is but a dim likeness of the real and eternal life. 7. Neoplatonism Neo-Platonism portrayed each individual human life as a type of falling from an eternal origin in divine oneness, into earthly multiplicity. The task of human existence became a journey of inward reintegration, recovering lost oneness. This metaphysical schema of existence, in which the eternal origin is the true reality and all of life seeks restoration, lingered in the background through the early centuries of the Christian era and resurfaced to influence medieval and Renaissance views of life. 8. Stoicism : Philosophy for the Stoics was a love of wisdom (philo-sophia) and calls for a personal search for mastery over one's own life and emotions through reason. The Stoics developed confession or personal disclosure as a tool for increasing self-knowledge (Georges, 1995). The Stoics developed confession or personal disclosure as a tool for increasing self-knowledge (Georges, 1995). The Stoics taught inward self-sufficiency through reason and wisdom regardless of how external tragedy might affect one's life. The Stoic philosopher Epictetus (born ca. 50 CE) anticipated the core of cognitive psychology when he wrote that it is not events that shape human life but rather the view that humans take of these events (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979). 9. Athens and a humanistic way of life. It was not only in epic, drama, and philosophy that Greek civilization conveyed an image Rather, the entire Athenian way of life, epitomized during the age of Pericles (443-429 BCE), was dedicated to stretching human capacities and talents to a higher level. Athens valued the pursuit of athletic prowess, intellectual competence, artistic gifts, political sophistication, and architectural beauty.

10. Masa awal gereja. Aristides, writing circa 125 CE, described the Christian way of life The early Christian image of the human placed less emphasis on reason and self-sufficiency than did Greek philosophy and placed more emphasis on an altruistic love for God, neighbor, and community. "They walk in all humility and kindness, and falsehood is not found among them, and they love one another. They despise not the widow and grieve not the orphan. He that hath distributeth liberally to him that hath not". Kierkegard: historical figure of Christ as symbolizing that the divine principle entered the human, elevating and glorifying the human. Augustine expressed his deep yearning: "Our hearts are restless till they find rest in thee". Kritik Nietzche: Christian religion of degrading the human to glorify God: "From the start, the Christian faith is a sacrifice, a sacrifice of all freedom, all pride, all self-confidence of the spirit [and,] at the same time, enslavement and self-mockery, self-mutilation". Kritik Marx: Marx also labeled Christianity an "opium for the masses"; that is, he asserted that faith was a tool used by the wealthy to pacify and exploit the working class. 11. Masa reinassance di Eropa. Apa itu renaissance yang anda ketahui? Apa yang dicerahkan? Apa saja karya Renaissance yang anda ketahui? #Putar Film Tentang Hasil Karya Renaissance Ex: Michaelangelo a. Perubahan suasana filosofis dari Platonian dan neoplatonian ke Aristotelian. Apa beda antara plato dan Aristoteles? b. Pengagungan terhadap budaya yunani. Apa yang anda ketahui terhadap budaya Yunani? The Greek idealization of earthly beauty and human perfection, and the Greek emphasis on the sensuality of the human figure.Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499) described love as fundamentally a longing for beauty. This is a marked difference from the traditional Christian definition of love in terms of selfless altruism. In neo-Platonic terms, all things including humansemanate from the original one, wherein lies beauty, truth, and goodness. Humans, in this framework, are attracted to their primordial origin in the one and are drawn by beauty and truth. Marsilio Ficino suggested that earthly love, including attraction to sensual beauty, participates in metaphysical and divine love. This new viewpoint "baptizes" a worshiping of human beauty. c. Desiderius Erasmus (ca. 1469-1536). For Erasmus, the human is the center of creation. The measure of God's goodness is that God created a rich world to unfold the nature of the human. Man is a "noble animal, for whose sake alone God fashioned this marvelous contrivance of the world; he is the fellow citizen of the angels, son of God, heir of immortality". Man's responsibility and ability to live his own life receives all the emphasis". Erasmus insisted on a role for the human will and personal responsibility, as well as God's grace, in achieving salvation. Luther, in turn, argued that grace alone provides salvation for the human. 12. Abad 19: Kierkegard: He criticized the established church, philosophy, and society as lulling humans to sleep with a false sense of security. Kierkegaard believed that too many individual humans did not see any need to struggle with the direction of their personal existence. He compared the average human's condition throughout life with that of a peasant who falls asleep in his cart while the horse pulls him home. Kierkegaard believed that philosophy should act like a mosquito and sting the complacent individual awake, to direct and experience the course of his or her own life or to awaken the individual and "oblige him to judge". Nietzche : The superman would realize to a

higher degree the human capacity to create the shape of one's own life. "Such a person, one might say, lives courageously by overcoming illusions and taking responsibility for his or her life" 13. Abad 20. Husserl & Heidegger. Husserl : He emphasized the intentionality of human mental activity. Psychic acts are intentional because they are oriented or directed toward some specific situation or object beyond themselves and can be meaningfully understood only by that context. Ultimately, this means that consciousness is not merely internal; rather, it is an involvement of the perceiving human with the object perceived. Heidegger: Humans always discover themselves already thrown into a specific factual situation that defines them in their historicity. Heidegger studied the temporal organization of human life and found that humans discover their wholeness in an awareness of their own deaths. Martin Buber: the human self does not develop except in relationship or in dialogue: "It is from one man to another that the heavenly bread of self-being is passed" Psikiatris dan Psikolog : Ludwig Binswanger applied Heidegger's definition of the human as a beingin-the-world to psychiatry and mental illness. He emphasized the existential significance of the Mitwelt (the social world shared with others), the Umwelt (the physical and biological environment), and the Eigenwelt (literally, the "own world" of identity and personhood). Selain itu adalah German psychiatrist Erwin Straus (1891-1975) proposed an anthropological and phenomenological psychology as an alternative to psychoanalysis and Pavlov's reflex theory. The Austrian Viktor Frankl (1905-1997) drew on his experience in the Nazi death camps to formulate logotherapy, a new existential psychotherapy (Frankl, 1963).

Apakah Sigmund Freud adalah orang yang juga meletakkan pandangannya pada pandangan Humanistik?
He showed, by his initial research on hysteria, that psychiatric symptoms can be understood as a language expressing the secret emotional life of the patient. He showed, by his research on dreams and the "psychopathology of everyday life" (e.g., slips of the tongue), that every human action, however trivial, is meaningful and expresses parts of the individual's personal story not yet accessible to consciousness. Human behavior is purposeful and future oriented, not merely driven by instinct and mechanism Lihatlah kemudian pandangan Alfred Adler ? Siapa Alfred Adler? Apa pandangan Alfred Adler? Tahukah anda soal psikologi Individual? Carl Gustav Jung: Siapa dia? Fokus pada kehidupan manusia yang tak reduksionistik. Erich Fromm, Rollo May, William James, Ken Wilber, Martin Seligman, Mihalyi etc.

Lalu kapan kelahiran psikologi Humanistik secara formal?

The years 1954 to 1973 can be seen as the golden years of the humanistic psychology movement. Rogers' client-centered or person-centered therapy and Sidney Jourard's psychology of selfdisclosure are partially elaborations on the interpersonal. Maslow envisioned humanistic psychology as a psychology of the whole person based on the study of healthy, fully functioning, creative individuals. He criticized the psychologists of his time for spending too much time studying mentally ill and maladjusted humans and for seeking to explain higher levels of human experience

by means of neurotic mechanisms. Maslow (1950/1973) proposed an investigation of "superior specimens" as a pathway to understanding the highest potentials of human nature. 14. Apa yang kurang dalam pendekatan humanistik? Pertemuan kedua 15. Apa yang anda ketahui tentang paham psikoanalisa dan behaviourisme? Bagaimana cirri-ciri umum dan nuansa kelahirannya? 16. Apa hakikat manusia dan penggerak perilaku paham psikoanalisa dan behaviourisme?