Broadband and 4G Communications Architectures

Don Shaver TI Fellow Texas Instruments DSPS R&D Center Communication Systems Laboratory Dallas, Texas shaver@ti.com

Broadband Communications at the Customer Premises

Kitchen

Bed Rooms

Access Methods Fiber (FTTH)

Residential Gateway

Cable Twisted Pair (xdsl, pots) Fixed Broadband Wireless Satellite

Home Distribution Networks

Phone Line (HomePNA) Wireless (802.11, 802.15.3, Bluetooth, BT 2.0) Power Line (HomePlug)

Family Room

Home Office

Security/Utility

Outline
u Environment/Trends u Communications standards
n

Near-term, long-term roadmaps

u Communications architectures
n n

Programmability vs. hardwired Next generation IP blocks

u Summary

Environment
u Communications ICs
n n n n n

~50% of DSP market Require a mix of hardwired and programmable DSP > 100K logic gates per sq. mm. Increased integration vs. recurring costs vs. non-recurring costs Next generation IP blocks for re-use

u Communications standards
n n n n

Wireless: 3GPP/3GPP2, 802.16, 802.15.3, 802.11 Wireline: DOCSIS, ADSL, SHDSL, HPNA, HomePlug Delays in deployment, heavy investment by incumbents Technology spiritual battles involving circuit switched, ATM, and IP factions; OFDM vs. CDMA vs. single-carrier modulation; TDD vs. FDD

u Disruptive Technologies
n

n n

Advanced signal processing, multi-antenna, error correction coding, and MAC technology for increased capacity, rate, reach, and quality-ofservice Low cost 802.11 chipsets with QoS, 802.15.3 WPAN, Bluetooth Re-usable communications architectures

CMOS Scaling Roadmap Comparison

1 0.7 m Technology Node [m] 0.5 m 0.35 m 0.25 m 0.18 m 0.13 m 0.10 m 0.1 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Start of Production (Qual)
Source: Processor Report and TI.

TI ASIC SIA/ITRS Leading edge ASIC Leading edge MPU Foundry ASIC

Goal:

New technology node every 18 months, within the ITRS roadmap trend

Outline
u Environment/Trends u Communications standards
n

Near-term, long-term roadmaps

u Communications architectures
n n

Programmability vs. hardwired Next generation IP blocks

u Summary

Roadmap to 4G Wireless
3G
GSM TDMA GMSK GPRS 200 KHz 171.2 Kbps EDGE 8-PSK 200 KHz 384 Kbps W-CDMA/FDD 5 MHz 144 Kbps 2 Mbps HSDPA 5 MHz > 10 Mbps (MAP/ANSI-41)

MAP (GSM Core Network) 3G

3G Start-Ups Supporting Mobility

3G

IS-136/ TDMA IS-95A/ CDMA-one 14.4 Kbps IS-95B/ CDMA-one 64 Kbps

CDMA2000 1XRTT 1.25 MHz 144 Kbps

1XEV-DV 1.25 MHz 5 Mbps (MAP/ANSI-41)

ANSI-41 (PCS Core Network)

Wireless LAN 2.4 GHz

802.11b CCK/BPSK/QPSK 5/11 Mbps

802.11g CCK-OFDM /BPSK/QPSK/QAM Up to 54 Mbps

QoS Protocols for Wireless IP Networks

4G Communications Systems

5 GHz

802.11a/HiperLAN2 OFDM BPSK/QPSK 6/9/12/18/24/36/54 Mbps

Fixed Wireless Broadband (<11GHz)

802.16,3/802.16.4 Single Carrier/OFDM FDD/TDD BWIF VOFDM FDD Start-Ups TDD/FDD WCDMA/TD-SCDMA

Physical Layer for 4G

802.11a (MISO/MIMO)

TD-SCDMA

4G

Other Dimensions - Bandwidth: >6 MHz - Mobility: Nomadic to Full Mobility

802.16.3

MIMO MultiAntenna Non-MIMO/ MISO

BWIF

HSDPA/3GPP 1XEV-DV/3GPP2

802.11b

TDD
802.16.4 (TDD/FDD) W-CDMA/ CDMA2000 IS-95/CDMAone GSM/GPRS/ 802.16.3

Duplexing Method FDD

Modulation Method OFDM DS-CDMA Single Carrier

Important 4G Technology Components

u Space-Time Coding and MIMO
n n n

Spatial diversity and coding gains for large link budget gains (>10 dB) Only minimal use in todays systems Complexity vs. performance trade-off Range increase, link budget increase Space-division multiplexing Smart antenna gains for class of single-antenna receivers Frequency / Code / Time Diversity Interference Cancellation / Multi-user detection (MUD) Exploit multipath diversity (OFDM / CDMA) LDPC codes for best performance at low complexity Fast ARQ for robust, low delay data transmission

u Beamforming
n n n

u Other techniques to achieve higher capacity

n n n n n

Space-Time Coding for MIMO Systems

Space-Time Coding & Interleaving Wireless Channel
..

Data Source

Space-Time De-Interleave & Decode

Info

..

u u u u

Increases data rates due to multiple transmit and receive antennas Combats fading Increases basestation-to-user capacity Cost is scalable with performance

MIMO Advantages

4x4 MIMO

Outline
u Environment/Trends u Communications standards
n

Near-term, long-term roadmaps

u Communications architectures
n n

Programmability vs. hardwired Next generation IP blocks

u Summary

Broadband Communications Platforms

Media Access Control
LNA/ Power Amp Analog Front End

Network Processing

3G Mobile - W-CDMA/HSDPA - CDMA2000/1XEV-DV - OFDM/non-standard

Digital Baseband

Applications/ Signaling

4G Mo bile

4G Platform/Architecture 2G Wireless LAN - 802.11a/b/g - 802.11e - 802.11i/f/h

Network Processing Media Access Control

4G Technologies
- Smart antennae/MIMO - OFDM - Space-Time Codes for MIMO - Multi-User Detection - Forward Error Correction - Adaptive MAC with MIMO support

3G WLAN

Applications/ Signaling

Digital Baseband

Analog Front End

LNA/ Power Amp

1G/2G Fixed Wireless - BWIF/802.16 ess irel W - 2nd Generation ixed GF 3 - FDD/TDD - SC/OFDM/CDMA

Display

Mass Storage

Emerging Implementations -- Massive Integration

Systems Engineering
- Cost/size/power/performance - HW/SW Partitioning - Algorithm development - Standards

Intellectual Property
- Algorithms - Architectures - Core Designs

Design Methodology
- Datapath/Control - Co-development (HW/SW) - Uniform design flow for re-usability

Software - DSP algorithms - Compilers - Device drivers - RTOS - Debug tools

Digital IP Cores Fine Grained Programmable Cores RISC DSP (TMS320) Memories Interconnection Network I/O Control Synthesized DSP/applicationspecific logic
Filter/FFT MIMO Beamformer Viterbi/RS/Turbo/LDPC Digital PLL MAC Assist Encryption/decryption Motion estimation

Digital IP Cores Course Grained

802.11a/b/g ADSL modem Cable modem W-CDMA/1XEV-DV HomePNA/HomePlug MPEG encoder/decoder Transcoder

Diagnostics/Testability - Analog front end performance - Algorithm/IP core performance - Digital diagnostics - Interoperability - Co-existence/ compatibility

Analog IP Cores
ADC/DAC Mixer PLL Analog Filters Power Amp

Interface Cores
USB PCI PCMCIA 1394 Serial

System on a Chip

Summary
u On-chip functionality is increasing rapidly
n n n

Digital / analog integration Software, analog, protocol stacks, system interfaces, applications >> 100 Kgates per sq. mm.

u Recovering non-recurring engineering/R&D expense

n

Requires increased hardware and software re-use

u Programmable DSP will drive the broadband communications market coupled with re-usable applicationspecific IP blocks