ASSIGNMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

APPLICATIONS OF IT FUNCTIONALITY OF MS-ACCESS COMMUNICATIVE SERVICES IN OUR DAILY LIFE

SUBMITTED TO-; MRS.JUPINDER KAUR LECT.OF IT RIMT-IMCT SUBMITTED BY-; RAJAT VERMA ROLL NO-95072238768 MBA-2/A RIMT-IMCT

Information technology (IT) is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware, According to the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information. Today, the term information has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term has become very recognizable. IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as the management and administration of entire systems. Information technology is starting to spread farther than the conventional personal computer and network technology, and more into integrations of other technologies such as the use of cell phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which is increasing the demand for such jobs. When computer and communications technologies are combined, the result is information technology. It is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information.

1). Technology has opened up new markets, new products, new services and efficient delivery channels for the banking industry. Online electronics banking, mobile banking and internet banking are just a few examples. 2). Information Technology has also provided banking industry with the wherewithal to deal with the challenges the new economy poses. Information technology has been the cornerstone of recent financial sector

reforms aimed at increasing the speed and reliability of financial operations and of initiatives to strengthen the banking sector. 3). The IT revolution has set the stage for unprecedented increase in financial activity across the globe. The progress of technology and the development of worldwide networks have significantly reduced the cost of global funds transfer. 4). It is information technology which enables banks in meeting such high expectations of the customers who are more demanding and are also more techno-savvy compared to their counterparts of the yester years. They demand instant, anytime and anywhere banking facilities. 5). IT has been providing solutions to banks to take care of their accounting and back office requirements. This has, however, now given way to large scale usage in services aimed at the customer of the banks. IT also facilitates the introduction of new delivery channels--in the form of Automated Teller Machines, Net Banking, Mobile Banking and the like. Further, IT deployment has assumed such high levels that it is no longer possible for banks to manage their IT implementations on a stand alone basis with IT revolution, banks are increasingly interconnecting their computer systems not only across branches in a city but also to other geographic locations with high-speed network infrastructure, and setting up local area and wide area networks and connecting them to the Internet. As a result, information systems and networks are now exposed to a growing number

Many parents will buy their child a computer in order to take advantage of the vast range of educational software that is now available. While the price of PCs is getting lower and lower, there is the danger here that home education via the computer will be divided into the 'haves' and the have-nots

Computers are playing an increasingly large role in education. Whether they are used as administration tools or as part of learning management systems, computers are changing the face of education in the digital age: School and University Administration Systems Administration systems can keep track of student records including personal details, the courses a student is taking and exam results. These systems can even be used to set class timetables. Learning management systems can be used to control and track delivery of online learning for hundreds of thousands of students. Distance Learning On the Internet virtual campuses are used to host distance learning programs which often include online tutorials. Services like this can provide much needed additional resources for those living in remote areas, or those who are housebound. In either case, access to a traditional training centre could be difficult. Research The Internet can be used to research homework, student projects, or for your particular hobby or interest. Specialist areas which can be difficult to research using traditional methods are often catered for on the web. You can then use a desk top application such as Microsoft Word to create documents from material that you download from the Internet. Some of the benefits are-; 1. It induces scientific, economic, technological, information and multicultural literacy and global awareness. 2. It promotes inventive thinking which induces the following: a. Adaptability & managing complexity. b. Curiosity, creativity and risk taking.

c. High-order thinking and sound reasoning. 3. It develops effective communication which leads to teaming, collaboration and interpersonal skills. Moreover, it induces personal, social and civic responsibility. 4. It leads to high productivity which given the ability to plan and manage results. It also gives you a sense of using real-world tools with effective, relevant, and high quality results.

EDUCATION WITHOUT TECHNOLOGY VERSUS EDUCATION WITH TECHNOLOGY To measure the benefits of using information technology we are dividing education into two categories:If we impart education without technology then these are the outcomes:a. It is Passive. b. It is formal. c. It is instructor driven. d. It is time dependent. e. Content defined by others. f. Grade is given only after final evaluation. g. Not all the students fully participate. Now, if we impart education with technology then these are the outcomes:a. It is Active. b. It is informal. c. It is student driven. d. It is not time dependent. e. Content defined by students. f. Individual contribution is measured. g. All students fully participate

Information technology (IT) refers to the management and use of information using computer-based tools. It includes acquiring, processing, storing, and distributing information. Most commonly it is a term used to refer to business applications of computer technology, rather than scientific applications. The term is used broadly in business to refer to anything that ties into the use of computers. Mostly businesses today create data that can be stored and processed on computers. In some cases the data must be input to computers using devices such as keyboards and scanners. In other cases the data might be created electronically and automatically stored in computers. Small businesses generally need to purchase software packages, and may need to contract with IT businesses that provide services such as hosting,

marketing web sites and maintaining networks. However, larger companies can consider having their own IT staffs to develop software, and otherwise handle IT needs in-house. For instance, businesses working with the federal government are likely to need to comply with requirements relating to making information accessible. The constant upgrade in information technology, along with increasing global competition, is adding difficulty and hesitation of several orders of scale to the business and trade. Effective implementation of information technology would decrease liability by reducing the cost of expected failures and increase flexibility by reducing the cost of adjustment. The businesses reaction to the environment remains to be the vital determinant for its effectiveness. The capabilities and flexibilities of computer-communication systems make them gradually more appropriate to businesses by being able to respond to any specific information Information Technology is having impact on all trade industries and businesses, in service as well as in manufacturing. It is affecting workers at all levels of organizations, from the executives to middle management and clerks. Information technology is increasingly becoming a basic factor of all types of technologies such as craft, engineering, routine, and non-routine. The advances in Information Technology would result in remarkable decline in the costs of synchronization that would lead to new, concentrated business structures. It enables the business to respond to the new and urgent competitive forces by providing effective management of interdependence. In the near future businesses would be facing a lack and a redundancy of information called information glut. To solve the information-glut companies will need to introduce methods for selective thinning out of information. Improvements in telecommunications will make it easier to control business units dispersed over different parts of the world. Advances in telecommunications, would result in increased distance-communication.

In Health Care computers can be used in some very interesting ways: Medical Records A patients medical history can be stored on a computer system. This can include details of visits to the Doctor, previous illnesses and any allergies that the patient may have. Patients scans and X-rays can also be stored in large computerised databases. Billing information covering medication, Doctors visits and medical procedures can be processed more efficiently. Medical Information Databases Details of available medication, together with case histories can also be stored in large databases. Databases containing case histories can be analysed to help diagnose certain conditions. New drugs are being developed all the time and information can be added to these databases on a regular basis to ensure Doctors have up to date information.

10

Ambulance Control Systems Hospitals can use computerised control systems to allocated and track ambulances. Geographical information systems can analyse traffic patterns helping to ensure that the ambulance uses the quickest route possible. At the scene of an accident paramedics can use a computerised medical database to help them decide on the appropriate treatment for a patient. Medical Equipment Life support systems such as heart rate analysis and respiration equipment are controlled by computer. Also many diagnostic tools such as blood pressure monitors, ultrasound and MRI scans are computerised. Specialist Surgical Equipment Gastroscopes use tiny computer controlled cameras to really get a good look at whats going on inside a patients body. They help in the diagnosis of conditions such as stomach ulcers. Doctors can then decide if surgery is required. Keyhole surgery takes this concept one step further. Complex heart operations can now be carried out through a small incision in the patients chest. A tiny camera enables the surgeon to see exactly what is going on. Computer controlled lasers can be used to operate with great precision on very delicate areas, for example during corrective eye surgery.

11

w w w .drik.net

To provide the communication facilities to the people at the lowest ebb of the social order" is his prime objective and synchronizing this "his top priority area would be rural telephony." This is the crux of the message that India's new Communications and Information Technology Minister Andimuthu Raja sought convey to the people of the country, to the ICT world in particular. Out of total 607491 villages in the country, 552824 villages have been provided Village Public Telephone (VPT) facility as on March 31, 2007. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) has entered into an agreement with Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF), DOT in November, 2004, for providing VPTs facility to 66822 accessible, undisputed and undisturbed uncovered villages having population more than 100 as per census 1991, which are planned to be provided with VPT facility progressively by November, 2007. Out of the awarded village, BSNL has provided
VPT facility to 46969 villages.

Also, a scheme is being launched by the government to provide support for the provision of mobile services, including WLL services, in specified
12

rural and remote areas, where there is no existing fixed or mobile services and is likely to be made operational by June, 2008. About 2.12 lakh villages are likely to be covered under this scheme. Since the telecom sector is a growing sector, all efforts required to maintain the growth tempo will continue, the minister assured the countrymen immediately after assuming the charge of his new portfolio. According to indian telecom regulatory authority, TRAI, the total number of telephone subscribers have reached 212.02 million at the end of April 2007 as compared to 206.83 million in March 2007. The overall teledensity has increased to 18.74 in April 2007 as compared to 18.31 in March 2007. In the wireless segment, 5.15 million subscribers have been added in April 2007 while 3.53 million subscribers were added in March 2007. The total wireless subscriber (GSM, CDMA & WLL (F)) base is 171.20 million now. Total Broadband connections in the country have reached 2.43 million by the end of April 2007. The total number of existing ISP licencees is 382. India has set a target of providing 9 (nine) mn broadband connections by this year end and 20 mn connections by the end of 2010. The Parliamentary Consultative Committee attached to his Ministry, was recently posted about the availability of new disruptive wireless broadband technology, such as Wi-MAX. The targets to be achieved under the broadband initiatives, broad strategy and action plans prepared by the BSNL and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL). It is envisaged under the action plan, that broadband coverage of all secondary and higher secondary schools, public health care centers and Village Panchayats would be provided by the year 2008. By September 2007;1000 blocks by wireless broadband by December 2007 and the remaining 5000 blocks by wireless broadband with USO support by June 2008 would be provided. BSNL, as part of their action plan, have envisaged to add an average of 5 lakh broadband connections per month from January 2008. 80 percent of the exchanges would be broadband by the end of 2007 and roll out of IPTV in major cities. In addition to this, BSNL will aggressively roll out high speed broadband (like Wi-MAX) services and allow integration of multiple access technology like ADSL 2 +, VDSL 2, fibre-home, Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX, 3G,

13

CorDECT, etc. The focus will be to provide multi-play instead of triple play. As a part of the strategy, MTNL has envisaged a target of providing one million broadband connections by the end of this year and addition of an average one lakh connections per month from January, 2008. It has also decided to stren Its IPTV services which have been recently rolled out fully in Mumbai and in Delhi.

Information technology is one of the fastest growing recent technology. Various software have been developed for environment and health care which are user friendly and help in better understanding for the topic. A lot of techniques are used under IT for development and application of computational tools to acquire, store, analyze and visualize satellite data which is used for observation, and protection of environment Due to the development of the internet and information through the satellites a wide database is generated which is the collection of various interrelated articles. 1 Role of IT in environment: a. Remote Sensing and GIS (Geographic Information System) provides data and knowledge concerning the global environment as it is used for mapping and monitoring various natural resources. b. Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) and Government of India (GOI) have created an Environment Information
14

System (ENVIS). Different ENVIS centers are set up in different organizations for information collection, storage which work towards boosting the relationship between trade and environment c. IT is used for computer based modeling and simulation of environmental scenarios for analysis and prediction. d. It enables environmental scientists and researchers around the world to communicate, collaborate and coordinate. Role of IT in in human health e.IT can be used for audio, visual and data communications for medical consultation, diagnosis, treatment, nursing and medical education 2. IT is used for testing of DNA, creating DNA database and genetic information about population. Medical records and finger prints which are used by investigating agencies to identify missing persons and criminal 3. IT helps in spreading awareness about endemic, epidemic and communicable diseases. With the help of Remote Sensing and GIS there is identification of several infested areas which are prone to some diseases like malaria etc. based upon mapping of such areas

4. Information technology has tremendous potential in the field of environment education and health as in any other field like business, economics, politics or culture. Development of internet facilities, worldwide web,

15

Introduction to Microsoft Access 2003

Introduction and Objectives Microsoft Access 2003 is a powerful, yet easy to learn, relational database application for Microsoft Windows. This tutorial is designed for users who are new or only have little experience using Access 2003. It introduces fundamental database concepts and operations and illustrates how they are performed in Microsoft Access 2003. This tutorial does not cover all of the features and functions of Microsoft Access 2003; emphasis will be on basic and frequently-used features, such as the creation of tables and queries, or importing spreadsheet into Access. Objectives By using Access 2003 following can be done: Launch Access and identify the parts of the screen. Define fields and field properties constructing table structures. Enter and edit records in a table. Find, sort data. Design custom queries to display data. Import and export data between Excel and Access. It was previously known as Microsoft Access, is a pseudo relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the Professional and higher editions or sold separately. The current versions are Microsoft Office Access 2007 for Windows. In late 2009, Microsoft released the beta version of Microsoft Access 2010.

16

Features: Users can create tables, queries, forms and reports, and connect them together with macros. It also has the ability to link to data in its existing location and use it for viewing, querying, editing, and reporting. This allows the existing data to change and the Access platform to always use the latest data. It can perform heterogeneous joins between data sets stored across different platforms. Microsoft Access is a file server-based database. Unlike clientserver relational database management systems (RDBMS), Microsoft Access does not implement database triggers, stored procedures, or transaction logging. Access is often used by people downloading data from enterprise level databases for manipulation, analysis, and reporting locally. Definitions These words are used often in Access so you will want to become familiar with them before using the program and this tutorial. Relational Database: in relational databases such as Access, data is stored in tables made up of one or more fields (Access calls a column a field). The data stored in each

17

column must be of a single data type such as Character, Number or Date. A collection of values from each column of a table is called a record or a row in the table.

Different tables can have the same column in common. This feature is used to explicitly specify a relationship between two tables. Values appearing in column A in one table are shared with another table Table: tables are the main units of data storage in a database. A table is a collection of data about a specific topic; it is made up of one of more fields. Field: a field is a column in a table and defines a data type for a set of values in a table. For example, a mailing list table might include fields for first name, last name, address, city, state, zip code, and telephone number. Record: a record in a row in a table and is a set of values defined by fields. In a mailing list table, each record would contain the data for one person as specified by the intersecting fields. Data type: data types are the properties of each field. A field only has one data type, such as Character, Number or Date. Primary Key: a primary key is a value that can be used to identify a unique record in a table. Design View: it provides the tools for creating fields in a table. Datasheet View: it allows you to update, edit, and delete in formation from a table. Access vs. Excel Access databases and Excel spreadsheets although originally very different, have evolved to have similar functions. Although either type of program can do many, but not all, of the things that the other one does, there are some things which are easier in one program than the other. Excel is not database management systems. Excel spreadsheets store data in rows and columns called worksheets. The areas within the worksheet where the rows and columns intersect are called cells. The most common use of spreadsheets is to manage basic information such as telephone numbers, employee names, financial data, calculations, etc. Access stores data in tables that look similar to worksheets but function quite differently. Tables, the foundation of all relational databases function both independently and interdependently with other tables to allow the
18

database user to combine data from multiple sources and analyze and/or report information in almost limitless ways The Access Interface This section introduces the Access interface and discusses how to use menus and tools bars, create databases and switch between database components. Starting Access and Opening a Database 1. Click on the START button on your computer and position your cursor over the PROGRAMS menu to view a list of installed programs. Once you see the list, position the cursor over Microsoft Office and then click on Microsoft Access. 2. After opening Access, you will be presented with the window shown in Figure 1.

3. If you want to edit an existing database, you can either go to FileOpen, or move your cursor to the lower right-hand side to click on Open.

19

4.If you are creating a new database, you can also either go to File New, or move your cursor to the lower right-hand side to click on Create a new file. You will be presented with five options on the right side mens

as shown in Fig2 5. Unlike Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, and Power Point presentations, you must save an Access database before you start working on it. After selecting "Blank database", you will first be prompted to specify a location and name for the database. In the New Database dialog box, type in a name for the database and a location and click on Create as shown in Figure 3.

20

6.Now a new data shown in fig-4

7.Database Components An Access database consists of several different components. Each component listed is called an object. Listed below are the names and descriptions of the different objects you can use in Access. This tutorial will focus on the first two objects: tables and queries. A)Tables Tables are where the actual data is defined and entered. Tables consist of records (rows) and fields (columns). B)Queries Queries are basically questions about the data in a database. A query consists of specifications indicating which fields, records, and summaries you want to see from a database. Queries allow you to extract data based on the criteria you define. C)Forms Forms are designed to ease the data entry process. For example, you can create a data entry form that looks exactly like a paper form. People generally prefer to enter data into a well-designed form, rather than a table.

21

D) Reports When you want to print records from your database, design a report. Access even has a wizard to help produce mailing labels. E)Pages A data access page is a special type of Web page designed for viewing and working with data from the Internet or an intranet. This data is stored in a Microsoft Access database or a Microsoft SQL Server database. F)Macros A macro is a set of one or more actions that each performs a particular operation, such as opening a form or printing a report. Macros can help you automate common tasks. For example, you can run a macro that prints a report when a user clicks a command button. G)Modules A module is a collection of Visual Basic for Applications declarations and procedures that are stored together as a unit.

Building Database Tables

This section describes how to construct data tables, enter and edit data, sort records, and find records that meet certain conditions. A)Creating Tables in Design View 1. By clicking the Table tab on the left hand side, you will find Access provides three ways to create a table for which there are icons in the Database window. Create Table in Design view will allow you to create the fields of the table. It allows you to define the fields in the table before adding any data to the datasheet. This is the most common way of creating a table and is explained in detail below. Create table by using wizard will step you through the creation of a table. Create table by entering data will give you a blank datasheet with unlabelled columns that looks much like an Excel worksheet.

22

2.

Double clicking on Create table in Design view displays the Table Design screen where you define fields for your table. The screen is divided into two parts: a top pane for entering the field name, data type, and an option description of the field and a bottom pane for specifying field properties.

3. Every table consists of fields. For each field, specify the name of the field, the type of data, and any description needed to determine what data the field contains. Pressing the Tab key moves the cursor from one column to the next in the Table Design screen. You can select the data type from the drop-down list in the Data Type column as shown in Figure 6.

23

4At this point, the new table has been created and saved. Switch back to the Access main screen by pulling down the File menu and choosing Close. This will close the Design View for the table and display the Access main screen. Notice that the new Book_Info table appears below the Table tab

24

Adding and Deleting Fields to Tables

Even the best planned database will sometimes require you to add or delete a field in the Design View. To add a new field, select the row you want to insert above and choose Row from the Insert menu. If you need to delete a field, select the row containing the field and choose Delete Row from the Edit menu. You can also move fields in the table design. Select the field you want to move by clicking on its row. A black triangle will appear to indicate the field is selected. Then, drag the field to the new location. Cautions to Modifying your Table Design Structure
Backup

your table before you make any modifications to it.

Deleting a field will delete the records in the field. .If you delete a field and that field is used in any of your forms, queries or reports, you must also delete that field from these other documents. Renaming a field will have the same effect on a table as deleting the field. Resizing a field (making it smaller) may truncate the data in your forms or reports.

25

Entering and Editing Data

1.

After you have defined fields in the table, you can enter data. Highlight the table, choose Open from the database window menu bar. This displays a grid with field names across the top and a row for each record of the database as shown in Fig

2. To enter data, simply click the mouse in the field you want to enter and type a value. Press the Tab key to move from field to field. When you are in the last field of a record, pressing the Tab key automatically creates a new record for you.

26

3. The table in Figure 12 is shown in Datasheet View. Use the Datasheet View to add,delete, and move records

4.To save the new data, pull down the File menu and choose Save.

Sorting and Finding Records

Two of the most common database tasks are sorting records and searching for records that meet a particular condition. Fortunately, both of these operations are easy to perform while viewing the table datasheet. Sorting Records To sort records by a particular field, select the field you want to sort. From the Records menu select Quick Sort then choose either Ascending or Descending order. Access quickly sorts the records by the selected field. Finding Records If you want to locate a record that contains a certain name or date use the Find command on the Edit menu. Type the search string in the Find What box and click Find First. Access will highlight the first record that contains the search string.

27

Functions of MS Access:A)Count Function In Access, the Count function calculates the number of records in a select query. In Access, you can use the Count function in the query design grid, in an SQL statement in SQL view of the Query window, or in an SQL statement within Visual Basic code. It is used in conjunction with the Group By clause. SELECT SellerID, Count(Item) AS Quantity FROM Antiques GROUP BY SellerID

28

B)Max Function In Access, the Max function returns the maximum value in a set of numeric values in a select query. The syntax for the Max function is: Max( expression )expression is a numeric value. It can be a field or a formula that evaluates to a numeric expression. SQL/Queries You can use the Max function in a query by clicking on the Totals button in the toolbar (This is the button with the summation symbol). The Max function is used in conjunction with the Group By clause.

This query would return the maximum UnitsInStock for each ProductName

29

Min Function In Access, the Min function returns the minimum value in a set of numeric values in a select query. The syntax for the Min function is: Min ( expression ) expression is a numeric value. It can be a field or a formula that evaluates to a numeric expression. SQL/Queries You can use the Min function in a query by clicking on the Totals button in the toolbar (This is the button with the summation symbol). The Min function is used in conjunction with the Group By clause.

30

Avg Function In Access, the Avg function returns the average (arithmetic mean) of a set of numeric values in a select query. The syntax for the Avg function is: Avg ( expression ) expression is a numeric value. It can be a field or a formula that evaluates to a numeric expression. SQL/Queries You can use the Avg function in a query by clicking on the Totals button in the toolbar (This is the button with the summation symbol). The Avg function is used in conjunction with the Group By clause.

This query would return the average UnitPrice by ProductName

31

Sum Function In Access, the Sum function returns the sum of a set of numeric values in a select query. The syntax for the Sum function is: Sum ( expression ) expression is a numeric value.It can be a field or a formula that evaluates to a numeric express SQL/Queries You can use the Sum function in a query by clicking on the Totals button in the toolbar (This is the button with the summation symbol). The Sum function is used in conjunction with the Group By clauseion

This query would return the sum of all UnitsInStock by ProductName. All these are the main functions of MS Access . These can generally be used in either VBA code & SQL/Queries

32

Communication services encompasses a range of software systems that allow users to interact and share data. This computer-mediated communication has become very popular with social sites like MySpace and Facebook, media sites like Flickr and YouTube as well as commercial sites like Amazon.com and eBay. Many of these applications share characteristics like open APIs, service-oriented design and the ability to upload data and media. The terms Web 2.0 and (for large-business applications) Enterprise 2.0 are also used to describe this style of software. Some the main information services are as under :Internet chats Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and other online chat technologies allow users to join chat rooms and communicate with many people at once, publicly. Users may join a pre-existing chat room or create a new one about any topic. Once inside, you may type messages that everyone else in the room can read, as well as respond to messages from others. Often there is a steady stream of people entering and leaving. Whether you are in another person's chat room or one you've created yourself, you are generally free to invite others online to join you in that room. Instant messaging facilitates both one-to-one (communication) and many-to-many interaction. One-to-one in communication is the act of an individual communicating with another. In Internet terms, this can be done by e-mail but the most typical one-to-one communication in the Internet is instant messaging as it does not consider many-to-many communication such as a chat room as an essential part of its scope (however, this may be disputed as instant messaging includes announcing presence information, which may be considered a part of a many-to-many communication system). One to One also referred to the business movement during Web 1.0 which leveraged database technology for targeting products, ads, and services to specific users with particular profile attributes. The concept was supported

33

by technologies such as BroadVision, ATG, and BEA. Amazon is a classic example of a company that performs "One to One Marketing" by offering users targeted offers and related products. Many-to-many is a term that describes a communication paradigm and an associated media form.It is the third of three major Internet computing paradigms. The early Internet applications of e-mail, FTP, and Telnet are characterized as "one-to-one" because they are primarily communication means from one individual (or computer) to another. With the advent of the World Wide Web, one can display information on a website that is accessible by many others. Thus we have the second paradigm one-to-many. With developments such as file sharing, blogs, Wiki, and tagging, a new set of Internet applications enable:people to both contribute and receive information. information elements can be interlinked across different websites. This kind of Internet application shows the beginning of the "many-to-many" paradigm. With the evolution to the full "many-to-many" computing paradigm, people can input and receive information to and from the Internet; they will be able to connect and communicate dynamically within a flexibly formed scope; there will be no artificial boundary between information and communication tools, and the definition of "many" will go well beyond people to include entities such as organizations, products, processes, events, concepts and so on. One-to-many In communication, one-to-many is the act of publishing or broadcasting from one sender to many receivers. One-to-many (also known as "to-many") relationships are often used when managing databases. A one-to-many relationship occurs when one entity is related to many occurrences in another entity. For example, one club has many members.

34

Point-to-multipoint communication is a term that is used in the telecommunications field which refers to communication which is accomplished via a specific and distinct type of multipoint connection, providing multiple paths from a single location to multiple locations[1].

Point-to-multipoint telecommunications is most typically (2003) used in wireless Internet and IP Telephony via gigahertz radio frequencies. P2MP systems have been designed both as single and bi-directional systems. A central antenna or antenna array broadcasts to several receiving antennas and the system uses a form of Time-division Multiplexing to allow for the backchannel traffic.

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Business Radio Service (BRS) formerly known as Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS), also known as Wireless Cable, is a wireless telecommunications technology, used for general-purpose broadband networking.

Video conferencing

It

is

an

other

communication

service

used

in

daily

life

35

Video Conferencing Systems - From screen-based video communication systems to products that transform and enhance your existing communication environments, you'll find a solution to meet your needs. Telepresence solutions, video systems and network infrastructure - Because one size does not fit all, TANDBERG offers the broadest product range in the industry.

Total Telepresence The TANDBERG Total Telepresence solution incorporates innovative technology for crystal clear video and sound, integration capability, plus a suite of services to allow for easy execution. Desktop Video Conferencing Without leaving your chair, you can communicate face-to-face and increase your productivity with video desktop appliances and PC video conferencing systems. Interoperability When you choose open standards you are ensuring a scalable solution and protecting your video investment for the future. Our video solutions are built to connect easily and seamlessly. Our supporting infrastructure is designed around the need for integration. Video Communication Server The bridges the gap between SIP and H.323. With innovative video call forwarding capabilities, you can reach the person, not the device

TANDBERG It is a leading global provider of telepresence, high-definition video conferencing and mobile video products and services with dual headquarters in New York and Norway. TANDBERG designs, develops and markets systems and software for video, voice and data. The company provides sales, support and value-added services in more than 90 countries worldwide.

36

In above picture ,,,,,,,,,,,Its an example of Company ( TANDBERG) Voice Conference Manager Voice Conference Manager (VCM) is a software package that uses VoiceXML, CCXML, grXML, JavaScript, Java, and Python to create a system to manage telephony conference calls.Voice conference manager offers the following features Add people to conference call by speaking their names (if registered with the system) or by saying their phone number. Web-based monitoring. You can log into a web page that shows, updated in real time, the status of the conference call. Future releases will let you control the conference call from a web page. The person who sets up the call does not have to participate in the call. VCM demonstrates third party call control. VCM runs on standard VoiceXML, CCXML, and web servers. It was tested on a freely-available developer server from Voxeo.

How to Use Voice Conference Manager To start a conference call, a "clerk" dials a telephone number. Voice Conference Manager uses speech recognition and text-to-speech to ask the clerk the names or phone numbers of people to place into the conference. After the clerk is done and the clerk may hang up at this point the VCM calls each person who's supposed to participate in the call and adds them to the call. A web page shows the current status of the calls. Choice of Two Packages VCM has two different branches. The main branch, which is released on the download page as the plain "vcm" package, is for any VoiceXML/CCXML system. It's a gzip'd tar file. Some of the capabilities are a bit old at this point, and while it can monitor phone calls it cannot control them. The other branch of VCM is the Prophecy branch, which is released in two parts: the "vcm-prophecy" package and the "push2web" package. These assume the capabilities provided by Voxeo's freely-licensed Prophecy server, which provides a complete SIP/CCXML/VoiceXML/TTS solution. This branch can also be used on any system that provides similar capabilities (PHP is required, and if you want web-based monitoring, you'll also need Java servlets as provided by Jetty or Tomcat). If you're using Voxeo's Prophecy, you'll want to download and use these packages. See the notes below, the Prophecy Branch page and the push2web documentation.

Mobile Voice Conference

The mobile phone has introduced many people to speech technology in a friendly opt-in environment, e.g., free directory assistance and voice control
38

of

the

phone

- Mobile phones are not small PCs. Their small size and need for a hands-free option mandates a speech option. - This paradigm shift in familiarity is creating new acceptance and confidence in user interface innovation that opens the door for more applications - Contact centers will get more traffic from mobile phones, with expectations of similarly friendly speech interactionwill contact centers become multipurpose voice sites? - Advertising can finance some innovative applications and contact center upgrades, as advertisers realize that speech applications are more natural to the mobile phone than web surfing (and voice applications work on every phone) - Speech recognition and other speech technologies demonstrably have crossed new thresholds of usabilitytechnology is no longer the barrier. - Variations on speech technologyaudio search, speaker authentication, and othersadd to the increasing impact speech technology will have on users.

39

40