The study of programming models Since the start of programming the first programming concepts that were invented

would use a card that had holes punched into it and then pushed into a machine where by it would complete a progress that was required by the user, and to the modern times were we have programming so complex it just about works in our hand s tablets computers you name it. Programming models have expanded so much over t he past 20 years. The first program was officially made in 1801 which was the pu nch card system but the first recognizable electronically program was made in th e 1940's. This type of program that was created in 1940 was a program that was r un using computer language and expanded from there onwards. At the very core of programming today we mostly use Object-Orientation Programming reason for this is because its most appealing to us and does what we require th e most excitingly and easily as possible. The basis of object orientated program ming is that it involves creating many classes and running them thought that. Th e model of programming that is popular in todays language is that inheritance is used and allows us to link many things together and make it all more efficient . Functional Programming is a program that will be executed by evaluating expressi ons and in contrast with imperative programming where by which programs are comp osed of their own statements that will in results change the state when they are executed. By using functional programming you are able to avoid using mutable s tate which allows it to be in a class of its own. This type of programming model is not that popular in the field of studies that we are doing right now but wit h time we might adapt to this and learn more about this type of programming. Generic Programming is a model that may be described as being used in a model of reusable software libraries, and C++, this programming model would be based aro und using the same algorithm that could be generic and then be for many basis of programs. Languages that have been developed sine 1990 to 1999 will be Haskell, Pythin, Vi sual Basic, Ruby, lua, CLOS, Java (which we use for most of our programming toda y its rather a basic programming language that we run in many website and also u se to do small calculations, this type of programming would allow you to easily use object orientated styles within it and this made it rather simple and basic so many people could grasp the concept of JAVA (NETBEANS) ) after that Delphi (O bject Pascal) which is widely used in most schools to teach children and people the basics to programming but this language differs in a big way to JAVA so ther e is a big line drawn between the two of them, JavaScript was developed in 1995 which was around the time when the Internet took off world wide and many users s tarted to make use of it and then the scripts and webApps would be used widely. PHP was created in 1995 and not heard of much in todays times, Rebol and D are t he newest programs that are created and they ended in 1999. In todays trends the bigger and widest type of graphical interface programming t hat is used would be XML. Open source programming has grown a lot but the proble m with that is that the people who create the programs don't earn a income from doing it and they pass it on to others. C++ the most common language that we should all know of, just about every progra m that we install today has been written in C++ and it will have other platforms that may stand by it in order for it to work as required. Visual Basic .NET is a language that many programs run alongside today and they require that as a base platform in order to work and Microsoft are all behind i t and powering this platform. Many strong applications that have advanced with t he programming of today and communicate with the core of the operating system re ly on .NET Framework. the

Meta-Programming is a type of programming that can be said to manipulate other p rograms or themselves so that they can repeat it a number of times and this is d one so that it can obtain a better result. This type of programming language mod el is implemented in many languages today such as C++ and Haskell or D, this typ e of programming does take a little longer to calculate the answers as a lot of calculations take place and use a lot of resources, this type of programming is very good. Programming is expanding at a drastic rate currently and people are discovering more and more ways to perform complex tasks and make them basic to understand. A good example of the type of programming that continues to advance all the time is the MacOS operating system, with every release of their OS they are able to d ecrease the total size of the operating system. These advancements are developed due to new methods of programming as people are able to link processes together and allow them to not require new processes for each individual application. Part of the evolution of programming we have covered an important part which is that instructions can be sent in streams and this done in following forms Single In struction stream, Single Data stream (SISD); Multiple Instruction stream, Single Data Stream (MISD); Single Instruction stream, Multiple Data stream (SIMD) and lastly Multiple Instruction stream, Multiple Data Stream (MIMD). these Strings are all different form or method thats data may be translated so t hat it can be processed on in a machine cycle since programming is essentially j ust 0's and 1's. With my study of the advancements in the world of programming I have come across many methods of how system work and what languages they have been programmed in these languages have become a serious part of what we understand today and with time they advance all the time and people try and make them more simple and sho rten the code as often they possibly can. Also with the advancements in tall the new models of programming it has allowed us to accomplish many new ideas and im provement in the technical world that we live in.

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