Critical Reading

Critical Reading
Critical Reading
Reading as a Dialog
All reading is an active, reflective, problem-solving process. We do not simply read words; we read ideas, thoughts that spring from the relationships of various assertions.
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APS - Critical Reading
Critical Reading
Dan Kurland's www.criticalreading.com
Critical Reading
Non-critical reading
To non -critical readers, texts provide facts. to recognize an authors purpose to understand tone and persuasive elements to recognize bias
Critical reading

Non-critical reading is satisfied with recognizing what a text says and restating the key remarks. Critical reading goes two steps further. Having recognized what a text says , it reflects on what the text does by making such remarks.

Is it offering examples? Arguing? Appealing for sympathy? Making a contrast to clarify a point?
facts + interpretation
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Finally, critical readers then infer what the text, as a whole, means , based on the earlier analysis.
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Critical Reading
Critical Reading
What a text says restatement talks about the same topic as the original text What a text does description discusses aspects of the discussion itself What a text means interpretation analyzes the text and asserts a meaning for the text as a whole
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Restatement generally takes the form of a summary, paraphrase, or prcis

when learning the definitions and concepts of a new discipline, when there is agreement on the facts of a situation and their interpretation, when a text is taken to offer a complete and objective presentation, or when the word of a specific author or source is accepted as authoritative.
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Critical Reading
Critical Reading
Description

Interpretation
what topics are discussed? what examples and evidence are used? what conclusions are reached?
This final level of reading infers an overall meaning. We examine features running throughout the text to see how the discussion shapes our perception of reality. We examine what a text does to convey meaning: how patterns of content and language shape the portrayal of the topic and how relationships between those patterns convey underlying meaning.
We want to recognize and describe how evidence is marshalled to reach a final position, rather than simply follow remarks from sentence to sentence.
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Critical Reading
Critical Reading
Goals
to recognize an authors purpose to understand tone and persuasive elements to recognize bias
Notice that none of these goals actually refers to something on the page. Each requires inferences from evidence within the text: recognizing purpose involves inferring a basis for choices of content and language recognizing tone and persuasive elements involves classifying the nature of language choices recognizing bias involves classifying the nature of patterns of choice of content and language
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Critical Reading
Critical Reading
Critical reading is not simply close and careful reading. To read critically, one must actively recognize and analyze evidence upon the page.
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what to look for ( analysis ) and how to think about what you find ( inference ) The first part what to look for involves recognizing those aspects of a discussion that control the meaning. The second part how to think about what you find involves the processes of inference, the interpretation of data from within the text.
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Critical Reading
Critical Reading
Writing All reading is an active, reflective, problemsolving process. We do not simply read words; we read ideas, thoughts that spring from the relationships of various assertions.
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what we say (content), how we say it (language), and the flow from one assertion to another, how ideas connect to one another to convey broader meaning (structure). Time narrative Argument development (facts + assertions)
Structure

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Critical Reading
Critical Reading
University of Toronto http://www.utoronto.ca/writing/critrdg.html
IDEAS
providing appropriate and sufficient arguments and examples? choosing terms that are precise, appropriate, and persuasive? making clear the transitions from one thought to another and assured the overall logic of the presentation
don't read looking only or primarily for information do read looking for ways of thinking about the subject matter
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Critical Reading
University of Toronto http://www.utoronto.ca/writing/critrdg.html
Critical Reading
Pearson - http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/lardner_awl/chapter1/custom5/deluxecontent.html
First determine the central claims or purpose Begin to make some judgements about context Distinguish the kinds of reasoning the text employs Examine the evidence
(the supporting facts, examples, etc)
The Process: Reading & Annotating Recall your purpose.

Critical reading may involve evaluation.

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What are you looking for? How will you use what you find? Identify the weave of the text: Double underline the authors explanation of the main point(s) and jot "M.P." in the margin. (Often, but not always, a writer will tell an engaged reader where the text is going.) Underline each major new claim that the author makes in developing the text and write "claim 1," "claim 2," and so on in the margin.
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Critical Reading
Critical Reading
Circle major point of transition from the obvious (subtitles) to the less obvious (phrases like however, on the other hand, for example, and so on). Asterisk major pieces of evidence like statistics or stories or argument note in the margin the kind of evidence and its purpose, for example, "story that illustrates claim." Write "concl." in the margin at points where the writer draws major conclusions. Locate passages and phrases that trigger reactions.
Put a question mark next to points that are unclear and note whether you need more information or the author has been unclear or whether the passage just sounds unreasonable or out-of-place. Put an exclamation point next to passages that you react to strongly in agreement, disagreement, or interest. Attach a post-it note next to trigger passages and write a brief reaction as you read.
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What Next?
Building Models expectations
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Structure
The main idea of a text
(the red thread) I will show X stated in the abstract stated in the introduction supported by rest of the text reiterated in the conclusion intro survey exp result concl
Introduction Background Experiment / Project Results / Outcome Evaluation Conclusion References Appendices
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Organisation - mindmaps
Summary: Critical Reading

DIALOG
Related idea 2 Related idea 1
facts + interpretation
What a text says restatement What a text does description What a text means interpretation
Main idea
Related idea 3
Related idea 4
recognizing purpose recognizing bias ways of thinking evidence + evaluation annotate texts models red thread mindmapping goal oriented aware
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Critical Reading

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Critical Reading

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Critical Reading

APS - Critical Reading

APS - Critical Reading

Restatement generally takes the form of a summary, paraphrase, or prcis

APS - Critical Reading

APS - Critical Reading

APS - Critical Reading

APS - Critical Reading

APS - Critical Reading

APS - Critical Reading

The Process: Reading & Annotating Recall your purpose.

Critical reading may involve evaluation.

APS - Critical Reading

Summary: Critical Reading

Related idea 2 Related idea 1

APS - Critical Reading

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