CHAPTER 6 FM RECEIVER

6-1 : Objective

Study the FM receiver.

6-2 : Hardware Required

GOTT-CE05 FM Transmitter Board GOTT-CE06 FM Receiver Board Power Supply Oscilloscope Signal connector line cable DC power line cable

6-3 : Theory Frequency modulation (FM) is the standard technique for high-fidelity communications as is evident in the received signals of the FM band (88-108 MHz) vs. the AM band (450-1650 KHz). The main reason for the improved fidelity is that FM detectors, when properly designed, are not sensitive to random amplitude variations which are the dominant part of electrical noise (heard as static on the AM radio). Frequency modulation is not only used in commercial radio broadcasts, but also in police and hospital communications, emergency channels, TV sound, wireless (cellular) telephone systems, and radio amateur bands above 30 MHz. The basic idea of an FM signal vs. an AM signal is shown in Figure6.1. In a FM signal, the frequency of the signal is changed by the modulation (baseband) signal while its amplitude remains the same. In an AM signal, we now know that it is the amplitude (or the envelope) of the signal that is changed by the modulation signal. The FM signal can be summarized as follows:

Figure 6.1 FM presentation. The amplitude of the modulation signal determines the amount of the frequency change from the center frequency. The frequency of the modulation signal determines the rate of the frequency change from the center frequency. The amplitude of the FM signal is constant at all times and is independent of the modulation signal.

6-4 : Circuit Diagram

Figure 6.2 FM Receiver.

6-5 : Experiment Procedure Experiment 1 :FM Receiver 1. Refer to figure 5.2 or GOTT-CE05 FM Transmitter. 2. Refer to figure 6.2 or GOTT-CE06 FM Receiver. 3. Supply 12V power to the FM transmitter board. 4. 12V LED shall be turned on. 5. Set the FM transmitter frequency to 88.00MHz by pressing CH+ or CH- button. 6. Supply 5V power to the FM receiver board. 7. 5V LED shall be turned on. 8. Adjust the speaker volume to the centre point. 9. Adjust the frequency until FM receiver receives audio signal from transmitter board. 10. Input 200Hz sine wave at 2V amplitude on audio input of transmitter. Then increase the frequency to 500Hz. 11. By using oscilloscope, observe on the output signal of TP1, output signal of TP2, output signal of TP3 and output signal of TP4. 12. Finally record the measured results in table 6.1.

6.6: Experiment Results

Table 6.1 Measured results of FM Receiver. Output Signal Waveforms Test Points ( Audio input frequency is 200Hz) Output Signal Waveforms ( Audio input frequency is 500Hz)

TP1

TP2

TP3

TP4