FOURIER INTEGRAL

INTRODUCTION: Some of the well known integral transforms will be introduced and their properties will be studied which will be used in the solution of partial differential equations. The choice of particular transform to be employed for the solution of an equation depends on the boundary conditions of the problem and the ease with which the transform can be inverted. An integral transform when applied to a partial differential equation reduces the number of its independent variables by one. DEFINITION: The integral transform of a function and . The denoted by is defined by

Where is called the kernel of the transform and is known function of function is called the inverse transform of . Three simple examples of a kernel as followsi) When i.e., it leads to the laplace transform of

ii)

When i.e.,

we have the fourier transform of

iii) When k(s,x) = i.e., Other special transforms arise when the kernel is a Sine or a Cosine function or a Bessels function. These leads to Fourier Sine or Cosine transforms and the Hankel transform respectively. , it gives the mellin transform of f(x),

In order to introduce the Fourier transforms, we shall first derive the Fourier Integral theorem. FOURIER INTEGRAL THEOREM: Consider a function so that, we have Where = , ( = in approaches as which satisfies the Dirichlets conditions in every interval

) and =

Substituting the value of If we assume that

it takes the form

converges, the first term on the right side of

Since

tends to

The second term on the right side of

On writing

This is of the form Thus as becomes

i.e,

which is known as the Fourier Integral of FOURIER SINE AND COSINE INTEGRALS: Expanding may be written as +

--------------(3)

------------(4)

If is an odd function, the first term on the right side of

is also an odd function while vanishes and we get

is even. Then

----------------(5)

which is known as the Fourier Sine Integral. Similarly, if is an even function, takes the form ----------------(6)

which is known as the Fourier Cosine Integral. COMPLEX FORM OF FOURIER INTEGRALS: Equation can be written as Because of , we have Now multiply by i and add it to , so that --------------(9) --------------(8) --------------(7) is an odd function

is an even function of . Also since

which is the complex form of the Fourier Integral. FOURIER INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION OF A FUNCTION: Using , a function If is an odd function, then Where may be represented by a Fourier Integral as

--------------(10)

If

is an even function, then Where Example: Express Evaluate , as a Fourier sine integral and hence

Solution:

The Fourier sine integral for

At which is a point of discontinuity of [ ]

the value of the above integral

FOURIER TRANSFORMS

 It follows that if Then

The function is called the Fourier Transform of . Also the function is called the inverse Fourier Transform of . Sometimes, we call as an Inversion formula corresponding to . FOURIER SINE AND COSINE TRANSFORMS: If

The function Also the function Similarily is known as the Fourier Sine Transform of is called the Inverse Fourier Sine Transform of in .

The function Also the function is known as the Fourier Cosine Transform of is known as Inverse Cosine Transform of in

FINITE FOURIER SINE AND COSINE TRANSFORMS: These transforms are useful for such a boundary-value problem in which at least two of the boundaries are parallel and separated by a finite distance.

The Finite Fourier Sine Transform of

in where

is defined as

is an integer.

The function which is given by

is then called the Inverse Finite Fourier Sine Transform of

The Finite Fourier Cosine Transform of in where The function which is given by is an integer. is defined as

is then called the Inverse Finite Fourier Cosine Transform of

PROPERTIES OF FORIER TRANSFORMS: 1) Linear Property: If and

are Fourier transforms of where

and and

respectively, then are constants.

We have and

2) Change of Scale Property: If is the Complex Fourier transform of { We have { }

then

( )

( ) 3) Shifting Property: If is the Complex Fourier transform of { } { }

then

4) Modulation Theorem: If is the Complex Fourier transform of { } {

then }

We have { }

Example-1 Find the Fourier transform of { Hence evaluate Solution: The Fourier transform of i.e,

| Thus

For

we have

Now by Inversion formula, we get

Putting we get

Since the Integral is even.