Community Health Diagnosis Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz Antipolo City

A Community Diagnosis Presented to The CHN Faculty of the College of Nursing University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center Aurora Boulevard, Quezon City

By BSN II-G

In Partial Fulfillment of The Course Requirements in Primary Health Care For the spot map: - where are all the street names? -where are all the household numbers and family names? -This spot map needs a lot of improvement. October 2009 General comments: 1.Writing is too technical please tell a story of your community. Then in the story, thats where you state the facts. 2. there is a no coherence in your paragraphs. For specific comments, refer to the paper. Submit revision not later than 12nn of oct. 26 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BSN 2-G of University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, College of Nursing would like to extend our gratitude and sincerity to God, our almighty father, who has been our guide, all throughout the completion of the processes. For giving us strength, will, determination and power to overcome all burdens, that comes our way. In addition to that, we thank God for giving us the knowledge and skills to accomplish our work. Secondly, this study would not have been possible without the support of many people. We give thanks to our professors: Elvira G. Lim, MSN, RN Jesson V. Butcon, MA, RN Jocelyn M. Molo, MPH, RN Janelle P. Castro, RN Maria Santa R. Portillo, RN Ma. Angelica H. Verain, RN who had the patience to teach us what to do and how to do this study. We thank them for reading our revisions and helped us overcome the obstacles and for being considerate and supportive. Thank you for not giving up on us. To the dean of University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center College of Nursing, Carmelita C. Divinagracia, PhD, RN, who inspires every student and the one who diligently aid us to become responsible and competent nursing students. We would also want to show our gratitude to the barangay officials and barangay health workers of Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City. We deeply appreciate your help in all the activities we had conducted in your area. To the families whom we interviewed and the staff who helped us during the process, we thank you for support in our endeavors. We would also like to thank all the people who supported us especially our beloved family, friends and significant others who are always there for us giving moral and financial support.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement Table of Contents . List of Tables .........................

i ii iii

Chapters

I. II. III. IV. V.

VI.

Introduction . Demographic Profile Socio-Economic Profile... Health Environment Profile. Analysis and Discussion..
Summary, Conclusion, & Recommendation

1 3 6 14 21

a. Summary findings. b. Conclusion ...35 c. Recommendation

32

36

Bibliography Appendix.

40 44

LIST OF TABLES

Table No.

Title

Page

Figure 2.1

Age and Sex Composition of Phase V-A Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

Table 3.1

Place of Origin per household Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

Table 3.2

Religion of Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Dialect Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Community members attending brgy. Assemblies per household, Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Community members, 18 y/o & above for eligible voters Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

Table 3.3

Table 3.4

Table 3.5

Table 3.6

Common crimes encountered in Community Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

Table 3.7

Ways of settling arguments bet. Spouses Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Disciplinary measures to children Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Persons implementing disciplinary measures per household Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Community members w/ SSS Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Community members w/ philhealth Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 10

Table 3.8

10

Table 3.9

10

Table 3.10

Table 3.11

11

Table 3.12

Over-all monthly income per household Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Monthly budget allocation per household Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 House ownership Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Housing material Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Access to family planning Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 family planning and methods of family planning Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz,

11

Table 3.13

12

Table 3.14

12

Table 3.15

13

Table 4.1

16

Table 4.2

16

Table 4.3

Water System Sources for Households Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

17

Table 4.4

Drinking water sources for households Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

17

Table 4.5

Types of toilet facilities for households Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

18

Table 4.6

Types of Drainage System Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

18

Table 4.7

Presence of a backyard garden in the households Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

18

Table 4.8

No. of households with stray animals/pets Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Garbage disposal system Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

19

Table 4.9

19

Table 4.10

Community members who are affected by natural disasters Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

20

CHAPTER I Introduction

Historical Background: The city of Antipolo is approximately 29.30 km east of Manila. It was named after a tree locally known as Tipolo (Autocarpus Incisa). The barrios, before known only as Uno, Dos, Tres, Cuatro were renamed Barangay San Roque, San Jose, San Isidro, and De La Paz. Barangay De La Paz, which is formerly a grassland and mountainous area, was developed in 1986. And in 1987, after minor developments were made, Barangay De La Paz was named. Following the provision of Republic Act No. 39500, Barangay Dela Paz, upon approval of the Barrio Charter on June 22, 1963 became a fully independent and recognized Barangay of Antipolo. As Antipolo is characterized by the predominance of mountain ranges, Barangay Dela Paz is basically 45% hilly as projected by rolling areas and elevations on the Lower Dela Paz and 55% plain in terrain characteristics on upper vicinity of the Barangay. It composes of different phases, one of which is Phase V-A. Phase V-A is located near the Antipolo Market. It is classified as one of Antipolos Soil Undifferentiated characterized as rough mountain soil that cover the highly grazing grounds. It comprises of ten (10) blocks with residential houses, health center, barangay hall, and basketball court. Sari-sari stores are also present, which are all close to each other. The place is crowded and the houses are constructed next to each other. According to one of the health workers, the divisions of every block in their barangay were organized properly. The pathways are all cemented. Phase V-A is actually one of the most organized place in Barangay De La Paz. Dwellers of the present barangay in Phase V-A with about 232 household are basically natives of Antipolo while the remaining, comprises the immigrants from different cities and provinces who wish to reside in the experience the common fitness that complements the attitude and taste of the town people. One or more valid reason for the increasing number of immigrants is 7

attributing to intermarriages of inhabitants and thereafter selected to reside there. Dialect predominantly spoken is Tagalog with some percentage of Ilocano, Bicolano and other dialects. The people in the community share their common values and beliefs even some of them came from different provinces showing that they are unified. Majority of the population are Catholics and mainly participating in their religious affiliations. Transportation is not a problem because there are jeepneys and tricycles roaming around the vicinity. Children walk when going to school which is just located near their community. Their water supply comes from water pipes of NAWASA wherein every household have their own faucet. Some of the families get what they drink from that water resource but usually boil it for the children. Majority bought in drinking water stations. They used to store their water in containers, mostly with no cover. Classified by PAG-ASA, Phase V-A Barangay De La Paz experiences the third type of climate which is relatively dry from January to April and wet the rest of the year. Likewise, being situated on a high plateau, it enjoys a cooler average temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, which is two (2) degrees Celsius lower than that of the towns of Rizal Province. Hence the barangay experiences warm months from February to June. Rainy season starts from the second to third week of June and extends up to January. Although with the El Nio phenomenon or Global Warming, there have been abnormal variations in Antipolos weather conditions, like a dry spell in January to May. I have read this somewh ere. Pls dont copy and then paste. Be more unique in the discussi on.

CHAPTER II Demographic profile

This chapter would give you an idea regarding the demographic data of Barangay Dela Paz Phase V-A Antipolo City. In line with this, the natural increase in population, sex composition, age composition, and population pyramid of Barangay Dela Paz Phase V-A Antipolo City will be presented in this chapter. Barangay Dela Paz Phase V- A has 232 households with an average of 4-5 members each. The total population of the community is 1171 that is composed of 583 males and 587 females. With the equilibrium between females and males there would be expected constant trend of the population in the next few years depending on other factors that would come up. The median age group of the population is 26-35y/o, which is also the productive age group. While from 56-60 years old has the lowest percentage, 1.7%. The natural increase of the population for year 2008 is 25. This is illustrated in figure 2.1.

There should be continuation of text here if figure cannot be inserted here.

Figure 2.1: Age and Sex Composition of Phase V-A Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

10

It shows that the male population is 49.78% or 583 out of 1171 and the female population is 50.22% or 587 out of 1171. The number of the population from 0-5 years old is 13.66% or 160 out of 1171, from 6-10 is 10.93% or 128 out of 1171, from 11-15 is 10.85% or 127 out of 1171, from 16-20 14.68% or 172 out of 1171, from 21- 25 is 10.67% or 125 out of 1171, from 26-35 16.56% or 194 out of 1171, from 36-45 9.13% or 107 out of 1171, from 46-55 9.31% or 107 out of 1171, from 56-60 1.7% or 20 out of 1171, from 61 and above 3.48% or 29 out of 1171. Explain further. What transitio nal stage structuir e is.

The shape of the Pyramid of Brgy Phase V-A is in the transitional stage structure. The population has a stable young-working adult population which composed of 66% of independent people aged 16- 60 years old. There are also a small number of the younger and older dependents (44%) compared to the working population (66%). The sex composition is mostly females having a percentage of 50.22% or a quantity of 587 out of 1171 and males which have a percentage of 49.78% or 583 out of 1171. This means that for every 99 males in the community, there are 100 females. Since there is a little difference on the gap between the males and females in the community, there is an equal distribution of tasks and services.

11

CHAPTER III Socio-Economic Profile Economic activity or economics is the study of how to meet endless demands with limited resources. Social relation, however, deals with the relationship of people and the identity of each individual. Therefore, socio-economics is the study of the relationship between economic activity and social life. Now, the socio-economic profile shows data regarding basic information and resources of the people in a particular area. Pls. cite the author of these facts

In this chapter, the researchers aim to present the socio-economic profile of Phase V-A Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City. It is separated into two, wherein the first part is all about the community peoples social profile. This includes the basic knowledge and information of the people and the community. To be more specific, this is information about their place of origin, religion, language or dialect, participation in community organizations or activities, and common seen crimes. This also tells who takes care of the children, who are registered voters, and who are members of Social Security System (SSS) or PhilHealth. This information also shows how they settle disputes within the household and how they implement disciplinary actions. On the other hand, the second part talks about their economic profile. This includes their resources, particularly their estimated monthly income, budget allocation, employment status, house ownership, and housing material.

12

Place a discussion of your community first. Do not go straight. Table 3.1: Place of Origin per household, Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 DIVISIONS Luzon Visayas Mindanao Percentage (%) 75% 21% 4%

As seen in table 3.1. Phase V-A Barangay Dela Paz is the home of 1, 1171 people or 232 households which majority of the residence or 75% of the population were originated from Luzon, 21% from Visayas RELIGION Percentage (%) and the remaining 4% CATHOLIC 87% is from Mindanao. IGLESIA NI 4% CRISTO This means that CHRISTIAN 6% majority of them OTHERS 3% Total 232 shares common dialect, beliefs and custom. . Table 3.2: Religion, Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 There are no coherence between paragraphs.

People in the community of Antipolo are mainly Catholic with 87% of the population. 6% are Born Again Christians, 4 % are Iglesia ni Kristo and only 3% belongs to other religions. This 13

This is projected in table.

representation indicates that the large percentage of the families in the community have the same beliefs and practices. Table 3.3: Dialect, Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 LANGUAGE Tagalog Bisaya Ilocano Others Total Percentage (%) 60% 14% 5% 21% 332

Even though some of the members of the community can speak different dialect, still, majority of them speak Tagalog which composed of 60% of the population. The remaining percentage shows that 21% of the populations speak English, 14% speak Bisaya and only 5% speak Ilocano. This means that majority of them shares common dialect and communicates with one another without difficulty. Same comments

Table 3.4: Community members attending brgy. Assemblies per household Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 ATTEND BRGY. ASSEMBLIES YES NO Total Percentage (%) 66% 34% 232

With regards to community involvement, 66% of the people in the community attend barangay assemblies while 34% dont. It implies that majority of the members are aware of what is happening in their community. This may help in resolving some community problems and they would be able to improve the status of the community. Hasty generalizations and might sound offensive. Pls rephrase. Table 3.5: Community members, 18 y/o & above for eligible voters 14

Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 VOTERS Registered Not Registered total Percentage (%) 74% 26% 618

Out of 618 eligible voters in the community, 74% of the population aging 18 yrs. old and above are registered voters while 26% are unregistered.

Table 3.6: Common crimes encountered in Community Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 CRIMES Same Hold-ups/robbery comments Street fights Murder Others None total Percentage (%) 19% 51% 4% 21% 5% 260

In terms of crimes encountered in the community, the primary crimes observed or encountered with in the community are street fights which composed of 51%, then, it is followed by disturbance of peace (21%), robbery (19%), murder (5%) and the remaining 5% did not observed any problems in the community.

Table 3.7: Ways of settling arguments bet. Spouses Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Way of settling arguments Verbal communication Physical contact Others None Percentage (%) 83% 19% 6% 2% 15

Total

207

In terms of settling arguments between spouses, 83% of the total households are using verbal communication. Almost of the total number of the families are using this method compared to physical violence (9%) and other methods such as threatening (6%) or doing nothing (2%). This representation indicates that a large percentage of families in the community are at the lower risk of having emotional distress. What made you say this? Your claims is not well supported by facts.

Table 3.8: Disciplinary measures to children Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Disciplinary actions Same Spanking comments Verbal communication Do nothing Total Percentage (%) 19% 75% 6% 212

Most parents in the community prefer to use verbal communication (75%) as a disciplinary measure to their children rather than spanking (19%) their child or do nothing (6%) to discipline them. Table 3.9: Persons implementing disciplinary measures per household Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Who give disciplinary actions Mother Father Guardian Both Total Percentage (%) 50% 24% 3% 23% 262

16

In implementing disciplinary action, it is usually the mother (50%) in each family who handle their child in giving disciplinary measures.The remaining percentage were handled by their father (24%), both parents (23 %) or guardian/relatives (3%) who act as a disciplinarian to the children Table 3.10: Community members w/ SSS Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 MEMBERS OF GOVERNMENT SERVICES with without Total Percentage (%) 58% 42% 392

Considering SSS Membership, 58% of the working population in the community is SSS members while 42% are not. This means that majority of the working population in the community have the benefit of applying for loans in times of having health problems in the family while the remaining 42% doesn't have the access of applying for loans whenever they encounter health problems.

Table 3.11: Community members w/ philhealth Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 MEMBERS OF GOVERNMENT SERVICES with without Total Percentage (%) 30% 70% 392

In terms of Philhealth members, 30% of the working populations in the community are Phil health members, while 70% are not. It means that 30% of the working population has the benefit of having more access to health care services while the remaining 70% just have limited access to health care facilities. Same comments 17

Economic profile Table 3.12: Over-all monthly income per household Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 MONTHLY INCOME 500 - 1,000 9 1,000 3,000 28 3,000 5,000 30 5 000 10,000 85 10,000 20,000 51 20,000 & above 18 unknown 11 Total 232

This figure of over-all monthly income per household shows that 85 households earn within the range of 5,000-10,000 per month. 51 of them earn 10,000-30,000. 30 household earns 3,000-5,000. 28 household earns 1000-3000 per month, 18 household earns 20,000 and above , 9 household earns 500-1000 per month and lastly 11 of the 232 household does not know how much they earn per month.

Table 3.13: Monthly budget allocation per household Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 BUDGET ALLOWANCE 1,000 3,000 59 3,000 5,000 58 5,000 10,000 61 10,000 20,000 30 20,000 & above 24 Total 232

Same comments

Out of 232 household, 26.3% of them allocate 5,000-10,000 of their income for their expenses per month. 25.4% allocate 1,000-3,000; 25% allocate 3,000-5,000; 13% allocate 10,00018

20,000 and only 10.3% allocate 20,000 and above for their expense per month. To sum it all, the average monthly budget allocation of the community is 5,000-10,00o and if it is compared with monthly income, the budget allocation of the community is enough to supply their needs.

Table 3.14: House ownership Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 HOUSE Owned Rented Mortgage Total Percentage (%) 67% 31% 2% 232

Survey shows that 67% of the total population of the community owned their houses. The remaining 31% are those who rented their house and only 2% of the population had a mortgage house.

Table 3.15: Housing material Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 HOUSING MATERIAL Light Concrete Mixed Total Percentage (%) 11% 23% 66% 232

Same comments

19

Mixed materials, such as cement and woods, are used in the houses of the community with 66% of the total population. Only 23% used a concrete type of housing material and 11% used a light type of housing material. Since the largest part of the community had their housing materials are mixed they can assure that the members of the family are safe with regards if there are sudden rain that would come.

False reasurance. Not a well supported claims.

CHAPTER IV Health & Environment According to Maglaya (2004) , the environment plays a direct influence on the health of the people. An unsanitary environment can protrude a number of diseases, for instance diarrhea. The community should maintain a sanitary environment to prevent diseases and promote health as well. In this chapter, the investigators aim to present the environmental condition of the community. Through analyzing the tables, the data given is used to determine the risk factors of the community to a disease. This summarizes the health and the environment condition of the community of Phase V-A. The practice of family planning is first studied. The percentage of people applying family planning is displayed on the first table followed by the second table that shows the method by which family planning is used. From these data, the researchers reassess if the population of Phase V-A are at risk for several unwanted pregnancies. This will be helpful in determining whether the 20

majority of the people who utilizes family planning are at risk of acquiring possible diseases by using methods other than the natural way of family planning. Also, the chapter illustrated a table regarding the number of households with stray animals or pets. The data are presented in terms of the percentage of households which have stray animals or pets and have no stray animals or pets. The researchers will be able to analyze if the community has a large number of stray animals or pets and if this can contribute to the possible causation of diseases since stray animals are considered a health threat. Furthermore, the percentage of the population which has a backyard in the garden and which has not is discussed. Through which will be evaluated if the majority of the population are able to utilize the garden as a form of relaxation and relief from stress. The water system of Phase V-A is additionally presented in two tables. The first table shows the source of the water which the household use for cooking, bathing, and washing while the second table shows the source of water the household use for drinking. The researchers can further measure if the majority of the population is able to get water from the source which has the least possibility of contamination. Moreover, the chapter displayed a table discussing the type of toilet facilities in the community. This is represented by the percentages of households which utilize the type 1, type 2, or type 3 toilet facility. This will be useful for the researchers to examine the sanitation of the majority of the population of Phase V-A. The type of drainage system in the community is considered as well. The table is presented in terms of the percentage by which the household utilize the open or close drainage system. The data illustrates the sanitation of the majority of the population and the risks of vector-borne diseases. The presence of vectors is considered a health threat to an individual as well as the entire household.

21

Finally, the chapter evaluates the garbage disposal system in terms of the percentage of households who has garbage which is regularly collected compared to the not regularly collected. This will identify the sanitation condition of the majority of the households as well as the risks of acquiring vector-borne diseases. Vectors are a health threat to individual as well as to the entire household. Family Planning Did not utilize Utilized Total Percentage (%) 90% 10% 232

Health Profile Table 4.1: Access to family planning Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

Same comments

Almost all of the family in Barangay De La Paz did not utilized family planning. In the data shown above, it reveals that only 10 % utilized family planning while the 90% of the total percentage did not utilized family planning.

Table 4.2: family planning and methods of family planning Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, 22

Methods of Family Planning Pills/ injectables Vasectomy/ ligation Withdrawal Others Total

Percentage (%) 78% 9% 9% 4% 23

From the 10% of the total household who utilized family planning, 78% used pills/injectables, 9% of them go for vasectomy/ligation, 9 % withdrawal and 4% of them go for other methods of family planning. Hence, pills and injectables are safe and convenient to use but it cannot protect you from having a sexually transmitted infections.

Cite the source where you got this information. Environment Health Profile Table 4.3: Water System Sources for Households Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Water System Sources Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Same comments Percentage (%) 6% 14% 80% 232

The supply of the water in their community mainly comes from the Level 3 water system or the NAWASA. Results of the survey show that 80% of the total population uses it. Less percent of the community uses the Level 2 with 14% and only 6% uses the Level 1 water system resources.

Table 4.4: Drinking water sources for households 23

Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Drinking Water Sources Tap Purified Boiled Total Percentage (%) 53% 37% 10% 232

This data is all about their drinking water sources. It shows that with the percentage of 53, most of the household drinks tap water or the water that directly comes out to their faucets. 37 % of the household buy their drinking water from any water refilling stations and about 10% of them boils the water that they get from the faucet. That household that boils the tap water merely has a baby on their house. Table 4.5: Types of toilet facilities for households Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Types of toilet facilities Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Same comments Percentage (%) 0% 77% 33% 232

Majority of the household in the community uses the Level 2 type with 77%. Flushed-type toilet or Level 3 type has only 33%. Concerning the community, they have a moderate sanitary condition.

Table 4.6: Types of Drainage System Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Drainage System Closed Open Total Percentage (%) 53% 47% 232 24

The survey reveals that the people in Barangay De la Paz is aware in the importance of having a closed drainage. It is because 53% of the household have close drainage while only 47% of them have open drainage.

Table 4.7: Presence of a backyard garden in the households Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Presence of backyard garden Without backyard garden With backyard garden Total Percentage (%) 59% 41% 232 Same comments

Due to the fact that almost all of the household in Barangay De La Paz have a small lot size, only 41% of them have backyard garden while the remaining percentage do not have any.

25

Table 4.8: No. of households with stray animals/pets Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

Pets are very common in the community. They serve not only for amusement but for utility purposes also. This data shows that 51% of the household have astray animal on their house mostly cats and dogs. On the other hand 49% of them do not have any pets at home.

No. of households Without a stray animal pets With a stray animal pets Total

Percentage (%) 49% 51% 232

Table 4.9: Garbage disposal system Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009 Garbage Disposal System Regularly Collected Not Regularly Collected Same Total comments Percentage (%) 85% 15% 232

With regards to their garbage collection, 15% of the household stated that their garbage was not regularly collected. And more than a half of the total percentage stated that theirs was regularly collected.

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Table 4.10: Community members who are affected by natural disasters Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City, July 2009

NATURAL DISASTERS Affected Not Affected Total

Percentage (%) 16% 84% 232

Out of the 232 household who were interviewed about natural disasters, 84% (194 households) of them said that natural disasters do not affect them while the remaining 16% (38 households) said they do feel otherwise.

CHAPTR V Analysis and Discussion This chapter presents the findings in the study and relates them with the findings of the related literature. It presents the significant and relevant issues reflected in the findings of the study. Barangay Dela Paz, Phase V-A in the previous chapter is a community located in Cogeo, Antipolo with a current population of 1121. The Barangay consists of residential houses, a health center and a Barangay hall. As a community, there are certain problems that occur but not

27

recognized by the community. These problems may affect the health status of the people in the community.

The population is composed of 66% of people aged 16- 60 years old. They have a large number of independent groups who work to support the daily needs of the community members. The community has a male Population of 49.78% or 583 out of 1171 and the female population of 50.22% or 587 out of 1171. For every 99 males in the community, there are 100 females. Since there is a little difference on the gap between the males and females in the community, there is an equal distribution of tasks and services. The Young age bracket of the population, which are the ages 35 years old and below, is 77.11% of the population while the mature bracket, ages 36 years old and above, is 22.89% of the population. The population can be categorized as a young population because of the higher percentage of the young age bracket. In the long run, there will be an increase of manpower. But as what was stated in a report entitled The Shape of Things to Come by the Population Action International, as the population ages and an imbalance between the productive and the dependent population will occur, there will be a greater demand for medical and geriatric services. Do not cite the articles title but the author who wrote this and the year it was published. Is this a research article by the way? In the over-all monthly income per household, majority of the households are earning about 5 thousand to 10 thousand pesos per month. This income is being distributed to different expenses in the family which include their basic needs (food, water, clothes, home/house maintenance, health) and other expenses. Based on the study conducted by the International Labor office in La Union,Philippines the majority earnings per month are not enough to attend to the normal budget allocation per average family in the Philippines which is P15,000, but the result will vary depending on the number of family members who are dependent or unemployed. Based on the interviews, more than half of the population was given birth by their mothers in their own homes, while only 41% was given birth in the hospital. Based on Cochrane Pregnancy and childbirth group, Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2002, most doctors and many other health 28

professionals strongly believe that hospital births are safer than home births. This opinion, which is shared by many childbearing women, may in part stem from the poor prenatal outcomes of unplanned, precipitate home births, which include a high proportion of preterm and low-birth weight babies. These unfortunate statistics do not, however, apply to planned homebirth for eligible women attended by caregivers experienced in home birth, backed up by a modern hospital system. During birth deliveries, majority of the people in the community were attended by a doctor and then followed by a midwife. There were only 17% of births attended by a manghihilot. The Department of Health has been training these manghihilots intensively since 1974, in order to make their practice safe and make them competent as a primary health care worker. Data shows that 90% of the total households in the community are actively participating in different community organizations. This means that people in Phase V-A manage their time efficiently in different community activities instead of doing other non-sense things. According to the article Citizen Participation in Community Development, the different benefits of citizen participation in the community are it can bring about desired change by expressing one's desire, either individually or through a community group. Also, The individual learns how to make desired changes. The people in the community will learn to understand and appreciate the individual needs and interests of all community groups. Also, each individual learns how to resolve conflicting interests for the general welfare of the group and they begin to understand group dynamics as it applies to mixed groups. Most of the residents in the community own their houses (67%) while the rest live in rented (31%) and mortgaged houses (2%). As what were stated in the article: Top 3 advantages of owning Author pls. your own home by Simon Turner, (year)the implication of this data shows that more residents in the community have a sense of security, freedom and privacy, and build equity because they live in a house that they own. Also, these houses are mostly composed of mixed materials (66%), others have concrete houses (23%), and the rest are made up of light materials (11%). It shows that most of them prefer to live in sturdy houses that can maintain their safety at all times especially if theres a calamity.

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66% of the residents in the community are attending barangay assemblies while 34% are not. Barangay assembly serves as a means of giving awareness to the people about what is happening in their community. This may help in resolving some community problems and this could be a means to improve the status of the community, based on Rainier Valley Post. (February 6, 2009). 74% of the working population (ages 18 years old and above) in the community are registered voters while the rest are not. According to the article The Importance of Being Registered to vote (October 25, 2008), Eligible voters of any age should be registered and voting. The vote is the most powerful instrument ever devised by man for breaking down injustice and destroying the terrible walls that imprison men because they are different from other men. When people who have the same views on such things cast votes, their shared opinions are manifested on a larger stage. Voting can take on new importance for any taxpayer who thinks he ought to have some say in how taxes are spent. For example, citizens can't object to a proposed tax duty if they don't show up to vote on it. So voting really plays a big role on the improvement of ones state or living. Based on the data gathered, more than half of the residents in the community said that APA Street fights are the most common crime that they observe in their place. This might be rooted tocitation style pls. how some of the people in the community were raised when they were still young because according to the study done on American children and adolescent by Boney-McCoy & Finkelhor in 1995 that children and adolescent who commit violent acts in the community were also exposed to violence during their younger. If left unattended even younger children will be at risk for injury, aggressiveness, and distrust on adults, development disorders, juvenile crimes, and anxiety disorders. In these situations it can aggravate to even more serious matters that can lead into higher Transition forms of crime like murder, rape or theft and its roots are deep with in communities that are in a between paragraph state of poverty. is not clear. No In giving disciplinary measures to children in the community, 75% of the parents use coherence. proper verbal communication to their children. This is a good implication because proper communication is the most effective way in controlling children rather than hurting them, and according to Brice Hern, parents must continually ask themselves if their child understands what 30 Pls follow APA citation style.

APA citation style pls.

he/she is doing is wrong. Punishing the child for he/she does not understand will only confuse their child and frustrate them. In every household where there is a child below 7 years old, their mothers are mostly attending to the children whenever the other guardians are not around. This shows that most young children have more attachment to their mothers who serve as their primary caregiver because based on Dr. Bruce Perry's article, many researchers and clinicians feel that the maternal-child attachment provides the working framework for all subsequent relationships that the child will develop. A solid and healthy attachment with a primary caregiver appears to be associated with a high probability of healthy relationships with others, while poor attachment with the mother or Transition primary caregiver appears to be associated with a host of emotional and behavioral problems later between paragraph in life. is not clear. No coherence. In the working population in the community, 58% are members of SSS which entitles them to having the chance of applying for loans in times of having financial problems in the family. According to the Declaration of Policy in the SSS Mandate, it is the policy of the State to establish, develop, promote and perfect a sound and viable tax-exempt social security system suitable to the needs of the people throughout the Philippines which shall promote social justice and provide meaningful protection to members and their families against the hazards of disability, sickness, maternity, old-age, death and other contingencies resulting in loss of income or financial burden. Also, based on the data, 30% of the working population in the community are Phil health members, while 70% are not. Majority of the residents in Phase V-A have limited access to health care facilities where in they do not have discounts or free usage of the different benefits like subsidy for room and board, drugs and medicines, laboratories, operating room and professional fees for confinements of not less than 24 hours, for in-patient confinement in a hospital and day surgeries, dialysis and cancer treatment procedures such as chemotheraphy and radiotheraphy in accredited hospitals and free-standing clinics because based on the vision of the Philhealth agency which is a premier government corporation that ensures sustainable, affordable and progressive social health insurance, it endeavors to influence the delivery of accessible quality health care for all Filipinos. Same comments 31

84% of the households who were interviewed said that they were never affected by natural disasters in their community. This links that natural disasters influence the budgeting of the affected households because instead of spending their budgets on food, clothing, or even for their health, they spend it on repairs on their houses to be ready for the next time a natural disaster would come. According to a study done by Javier E. Baez and Indhira V. Santos (2008), because of expenses on repair of houses and among other things, the parents of some households are forced to ask their children to stop their schooling to make up money for their needs, and this further result in low education of children about health and hygiene. While on the other hand, the households that are not affected can do their budget just fine. This is because they dont have to worry about expenses on repairs about their house. Among all the families in the community, 90% of them did not utilize any family planning methods where in they may be at risk of health problems such as nutrition imbalance. According to the Population Action International Blog on family planning in the Philippines, not utilizing family planning makes a community or country overpopulated because of unplanned pregnancies. Another implication of not utilizing family planning is that many families would be hungry Same comments because they need to feed more mouths and Philippines struggles to provide sufficient jobs, infrastructure, health services, and education for its rapidly growing population. The government also has recently acknowledged that it has a serious shortage of rice and faces the threat of food riots. 70% of the pregnant women in the community said that they have received iron supplementation, while the remaining thirty percent have not received iron supplementation. And about 50% of them were able to receive Vitamin A, while the other half havent receive it. Not a research article. According to a Health Guide publication entitled Moms & Babies, pregnant women need more iron to accommodate the iron needs of the fetus; if the iron intake is not increased, the woman can become anemic, especially at the second half of pregnancy. The recent joint statement by the (year)World Health Organization and the United Nations Childrens Fund has proposed target Spell out interventions to provide iron supplements to especially vulnerable segments of the population, in the particular pregnant women such as food-based approaches to increase iron intake through food authors in et al if fortification and dietary diversification and integration of intervention strategies into the existing this is the 1st time 32 you are citing this.

Good

primary health care system and existing national food and nutrition programmes.. Generalized infections often result in reduced food intake and absorption of nutrients as studied by According to Friis (2002). Consistent with Morriss-Kay and Sokolova (1996) study, vitamin A is known to play a crucial role in fetal development. Finnell et al. have also examined that deficient and excessive intakes of vitamin A increase the risk of birth defects in animals as well as humans (2004). The results of the study depict that in-take of vitamin supplements is essential during pregnancy. Also, about 60% of the pregnant women in the community havent received Tetanus Toxoid during their pregnancy. This 60% of pregnant women are potentially at risk of a deadly disease, which could lead to severe muscle spasms throughout the body and may result to death when not treated (Cates, 2001), because Tetanus toxoid immunization is important for pregnant women and childbearing age women because both the mother and the child are protected against tetanus and neonatal tetanus coming from the agent Clostridium tetani. Among the families in the community who have a child ages 2 years old and below, 40% of them are being breast fed by their mothers. This is a good implication because breast milk has more nutrients that cannot be found in any other commercialized milk. According to the article Breast feeding VS. Formula feeding, breastfeeding helps defend the child against infections, allergies, and a number of chronic conditions. It is considered the best nutritional option for babies by the major medical organizations. On the other hand, bottle feeding is based on the mothers comfort level, lifestyle, and specific medical considerations. Mixing breastfeeding with formula is usually discouraged, although it may be helpful in cases where the mother is not producing an adequate supply of milk or the baby is not able to breastfeed well. Majority of the residents in the community ages 60 years old and above have unfit oral health status. Based on the article State of decay: the oral health of older Americans of the W.K. Kellog foundation. 2003, poor oral health care may lead to dental caries and periodontal disease that are most prevalent oral disease that affect the older adults. Dental caries is a chronic, progressive, cumulative, infectious disease process that can lead to tooth decay (cavities), nerve destruction in the tooth, tooth loss, abscess and systemic infection. Periodontal (gum) disease, the 33 Same comments

progressive destruction of supporting structures of the teeth, is caused by a chronic bacterial infection of the gums and has been linked to such chronic disease as diabetes, heart disease, arthritis and osteoporosis, all commonly found in older adults.

80% of the residents in Phase V-A are being supplied by NAWASA in terms of water resources. This means that the communitys water resources has the least possibility of being contaminated because as what was stated by the US council of environmental quality, the water from a Level 3 water system has the least possibility of contamination because it has a direct pipe from the main water source to the household, and also because it goes through the pipe lines which are treated with cleaning chemicals such as chlorine to keep it un contaminated. More than half of the population of the community (53%) directly drinks tap water from water pipelines. This implies that these individuals are more at risk because according to the research of Ralph Nader, though tap water is clean, its cleanliness is not an assurance that it is suitable to be ingested. His research shows that the tap water contains chemicals that is harmful to us, an example of this is chlorine, which is an disinfecting agent, it is not necessarily harmful but when this enters the body it becomes a harmful contaminant, while less than half of the population (37%) are drinking purified water which is more safe. When it comes to toilet facilities, 77% of the households are using level 2-toilet facility or non-flushable toilets. This implies that these households need to clean their toilets thoroughly because improper maintenance may lead to odor problems and can create health hazards. More than half of the population has a closed drainage system within their homes, which means that different accidents and vector-borne diseases are being prevented because as what was mentioned by Michelle Leach in her article Effects of Improper Solid Waste Disposal, the danger with open pits comes from the spread of diseases--usually carried by rodents and bugs. An example of this is malaria, which festers in open areas with standing water and particularly hot and muggy temperatures. The garbage disposal system in the community is focused more on garbage collection every week. 85% of the households said that their garbage is being collected regularly. This is a 34

good implication because it lessens the pollutants in the environment because tons of garbage that are not collected and disposed properly can be considered as a pollutant to the environment. As what was mentioned by Susan Berg in her article, The Negative Effects of Pollution, the term "pollutant" refers to any substance that, when introduced to an area, has a negative impact on the environment and its organisms. Pollutants can impact human health, air, water, land and entire ecosystems and most sources of pollution result from human activity. 87% of the residents in the community have a common religion, which is Roman Catholic. This is a good implication for it helps in uniting the community when it comes to their beliefs and health practices because as what was stated on the article Meaning of Religion on the website allaboutreligion.org, Religion is a fundamental set of beliefs and practices generally agreed upon by a group of people. This also often contains a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs. Also, having the knowledge on health-related beliefs and practices about religious observances are important in providing culturally competent nursing care. In our analysis of the community majority of its members has attained Secondary level education and if able to reach college they would not be able to finish due to lack of financial support and for this reason the members of the community are employed to work which has a low income which ranges from 3000-6000 and followed by 6000-9000. It shows that if they have a family of four or higher they are unable to support their familys basic need due of their low income according to NEDA. Most of the independent members of the community are high school graduate although 48.84% of says they still want their children to attain a college degree which shows they are interested in their childrens future and for them to obtain a better future. Some find hard for them to further their childrens study while sustaining the familys basic needs because they themselves were not able to finish college and were not able to get good paying jobs. Other members of the community were not able to finish or stopped studying because their parents could not afford to send them to school while others choose to stop studying because they rather help their parent by working. This perception affects the well being of the residents not only are they not able to obtain academic knowledge they are also prone to health problems because of 35

lack of knowledge when it comes to proper health management and practices which can cause in a drastic increase in population, mortality and morbidity rate in the community in the near future. Though the residents of the community are not sickly there have been a variety of diseases that have been present in the whole year. Although some common diseases lead to more complicated problems due to self prescription while other residents consult medical help to prevent further complications and thus sustain health. Knowledge Deficit is the common observed specially on proper nutrition because being unable to obtain the proper education. There are many children that are either obese or under nourished and only a small percentage of children who are in well feed and fit. This may be cause by their parents low income and their lack of proper knowledge when it comes to nutrition. Another thing is that access of the community health center can not completely accommodate the needs of the residents because it is always unavailable and their health is thus compromised.

CHAPTER IV Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation Summary A study in Phase V-A, Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City was conducted by the students Omit negative statemen ts. Always ask youself. what would the people from that commun ity think if they are reading . this.? to gain knowledge about the communitys health status and other concerns related to the community populations health. The whole class was divided into four groups. Each group had their own leaders of which did an ocular visit of the site beforehand. The groups where then asked to familiarize themselves with their specific block making sure to jot down every single piece of information to sari-sari stores they would chance upon up to the last empty lot situated in their block. After the groups made a tour of the site, they made a spot map that reflected all the information they acquired from the communitys vicinity. The group leaders then handed out survey tools to each of their 36 No need to state what you experie nced.

members. The tool would be used as basis for the interviews that were to be conducted by each pair from the group about the past and present status of the families living in a household. The said household tool contained questions about the familys demographic and social cultural data, community involvement, safety, health and their environmental health that are to be completed by the families. While the students roamed around the site as they conducted the interviews, some people from the community asked to have their blood pressures checked and stated their concerns regarding their health. Although some households from the site were willing enough to be interviewed, there were those who just didnt want to waste their time in answering the questions. Some households reasoned out they were busy and then told the students to come back at a later date which the students did and fortunately, they were able to get the information they needed. After all the interviews of each household were completed, the data gathered from the survey tools were combined and compiled to form a single summary of all the facts observed and acquired from the community in order to make a community diagnosis of the site.

Summary Findings: Based on the emperical and ralated literature. The following blanks serve to be significant on this study. 1. Demographic 1.1 Barangay dela Paz, Phase V has a current population of 1171. 1.2 Sex composition of the community comprises of pre dominantly males as 49.79% of the population and females as 50.21% of the population. 1.3 The community has a young population. 1.4 The median age of the population is 26-35 years. 2. Socio economic

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2.1 Most of the residents in Phase V-A originated from Luzon (75%), 21% came from Visayas, and 4% came from Mindanao. 2.2 The reigning religion in Phase V-A is Roman Catholic which gathers up 87% of the total population, 6% are Born Again Christians, 4% are Iglesia ni Kristo, and 3% of the population belongs to other religions. 2.3 Tagalog is the most common language spoken by the residents, garnering 60% of the total population. 21% of the residents speak a different language particularly English. 14% of the residents of Phase V-A speak Bisaya and only 5% speak Ilocano. The community allows themselves to speak in different languages as means of communication. 2.4 According to the data gathered, 74% of the community aged 18 and above are registered voters, while 26% say otherwise. 2.5 The common crimes that were observed and/or encountered by the residents are street fights (51%), disturbance of peace (21%), robbery (19%), murder (5%), and 5% says they observed none which all in all adds up to 49% of the crimes in the community. 2.6 75% of the parents of Phase V-A uses verbal communication as a disciplinary measure to their children, 19% uses spanking and 6% does nothing in disciplining their children. 2.7 More than half of the community finished secondary level education and college undergraduate for the reason of financial incapacity. 2.8 Although they are employed, their income is still low, thus not proportional to the number of the family members. 2.9 There are still in the community who never went to school or have stopped studying. 2.10 Some in the barangay are not schooling because their parents cannot afford them to

school and some prefer to work and help their parents rather than to attend to school. 3. Environmental

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3.1 For the over-all monthly income per household, 85 households earn within the range of 5000-10,000 per month. 51 of them earn 10,000-30,000. 30 household earns 3,0005,000. 28 household earns 1000-3000 per month, 18 household earns 20,000 and above , 9 household earns 500-1000 per month and lastly 11 of the 232 household does not know how much they earn per month. 3.2 Out of 232 household, 26.3% of them allocate 5,000-10,000 of their income for their expenses per month. 25.4% allocate 1,000-3,000; 25% allocate 3,000-5,000; 13% allocate 10,000-20,000 and only 10.3% allocate 20,000 and above for their expense per month 3.3 Most of the residents (66.81%) owns their houses, some (31.47%) are rented, and some (1.72%) are mortgage. 3.4 The house are mostly composed of mixed housing materials (66.38%) While some are purely concrete (22.41%) and few are purely light (11.21%). 3.5 The 79.74% of the community get their water from NAWASA. 3.6 The 37.07% in the community are drinking water from refilling stations. 3.7 77.16% of the residence using toilets with sealed, flush type and tank disposal facilities. 3.8 Majority of the residence have a closed drainage system. 3.9 More than 84.91% of the community doesnt segregate their waste, while 15.09% segregate their waste. 3.10 Due to the fact that almost all of the household in Brgy. De La Paz has a small lot

size, only 41% of them have backyard garden while the remaining percentage do not have any. 3.11 Pets are very common in the community. They serve not only for amusement but

for utility purposes also. 51% of the household have stray animal/s in their house, mostly cats and dogs, while 49% of them do not have any pets at home. 4. Health 39

4.1 Most of the families in Phase V-A Brgy. De La Paz do not utilize family planning for only 10% verbalized that they utilized family planning, while the remaining 90% says otherwise. 4.2 From the 10% of the total household who utilized family planning, 78% used pills/injectables, 9% of them go for vasectomy/ligation, 9 % withdrawal and 4% of them go for other methods of family planning. 4.3 The majority of the community prefers consulting medical help when ill. 4.4 There is a small percentage of the residence that does not consult any medical assistance and practice self-medication instead.

Conclusion The community of Phase V-A,Brgy. Dela Paz,Antipolo City has a total population of 1,171 people. According to our assessment, the 3 main problems found are: breastfeeding, oral health problem among the children and insufficient knowledge about first aids. Considering that there are only 19 out of 63 mothers who perform breastfeeding in the community, we considered this as our top priority. With this in mind we must inform the mothers the importance and benefits that they acquire through breastfeeding for the development of their children. Because according to the DOHs Breast Feeding Program children who are breastfed to at most 2 years of age gain a considerable boost of their immunity against diseases. There had also been a Republic Act passed to promote health and well-being of mothers and infants (RA 7600: The Rooming-In and Breastfeeding Act of 1992). . Antipolo City is privileged because majority of the children in their community are orally

fit. But based on the gathered data, 100% of the persons ages 60 and above are orally unfit. This may not be a problem among children but we want to teach them how to maintain and improve 40

their oral status. Since dental caries a chronic, progressive, cumulative, infectious disease process that can lead to tooth decay (cavities), nerve destruction in the tooth, tooth loss, abscess and systemic infection Based on our observations, providing them adequate knowledge about first aid is necessary for treating simple cases such wounds,sprains, burns,and cuts. Since children are prone to accidents when they are playing, parents should provide proper and immediate care to avoid infections and not to worsen the situation because of their wrong beliefs. And to sum it all, we therefore conclude that these problems must be prioritized because these affect health of the whole community.

Recommendations Based from the data gathered, here are some recommendations on the possible resolutions that the Antipolo local government and University of the East Ramon Magsaysay may utilize for the further enhancement of Phase V-A Barangay Dela Paz, Antipolo City: To the University of the East Ramon Magsaysay, College of Nursing 1. Organize the community to conduct health teaching assemblies regarding the breastfeeding a. Conduct teaching assemblies that would inform the parents of the advantages of breastfeeding and disadvantages of bottle feeding. b. Instruct the parent how to do breastfeeding c. Provide breastfeeding guidelines to help mothers increase their production of milk d. Provide information regarding the problems they are or they will encounter during breastfeeding

2. Organize the community to give solution to the oral health problem among the children 41

a. Promote programs that are beneficial to the oral health of the children as well as regarding to their own health. b. Conduct health teaching assemblies regarding oral health and its importance. c. Provide materials that would encourage them to start changing their rituals on oral health into an activity that they will perform daily. 3. Organize the community to give formal lecture on maternal care to pregnant mothers a. Provide handout that contains relevant information that would help them get through the concern they are feeling. b. Conduct health teaching assemblies with visual aids that would facilitate deeper understanding of mothers regarding their situation

To the Antipolo Local Government: 1. In line with breastfeeding as the leading health problem of the community, it is strongly recommended that the barangay officials take immediate action to this serious problem. a. Promote programs that are beneficial to the health of their baby such as breastfeeding. b. Increase the participation of family members in encouraging the mother to give breastfeeding to their babies. c. Increase in community participation and organization is encouraged. This can be achieved through organizing a group of mothers that will tackle the problems they are experiencing. 2. Provide community with oral health program that will come from NGOs or other private organizations that would further help them supply their needs a. Request government organizations to help out in proving the needs of the community children b. Assist the families to slowly change their activities of daily living. 3. Give assistance to pregnant mothers through providing volunteer doctors

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a. Ask government or non-government hospitals to provide the pregnant women special care especially to those who neglect their needs b. Conduct house to house check-up to provide necessary maternal care and later on let them continue the service given to them on their own. To the Barangay Health Workers and Other Health Government Advocates: 1. Encourage continuous promotion of exclusive breastfeeding of mothers to their child. a. Give positive comments to mother who give exclusive breastfeeding. b. Ask for feedbacks for those who dont prioritize exclusive breastfeeding as well as with the other mothers who apply other ways to provide milk for their child. 2. Provide cost-effective ways to meet the oral health needs of each household. a. Orient family members on how to meet their oral health needs. b. Promote open-communication between members of the community as well as with the BHW. 3. Educate pregnant mothers about maternal care to prevent further complications a. Develop the perception of mothers about importance of commitment in attending health teachings about their health. b. Teach mothers about the complications that may occur during their pregnancy so that they will be aware of their actions. To the Community members: 1. Participate in community related activities and find it relevant to their lives. a. Attend community assemblies and social gatherings for it builds up the unity of the community. b. Community activities lead to community cooperation which should be realized by participants. 2. Apply and comprehend the health teachings to further change their lives for the better. a. Demonstrate the said lessons taught to members and apply it to their own households. b. Find importance to the health teachings done by the professionals.

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