FUNCTIONS - are Functions are predefined formulas that perform calculations by using specific values, called arguments, in a particular

order, called the syntax.

Arguments can be numbers, text, logical values such as TRUE or FALSE, arrays, error value references. The argument you designate must produce a valid value for that argument. Arguments can also be constants, formulas, or other functions.

The syntax of a function begins with the function name, followed by an opening parenthesi the arguments for the function separated by commas, and a closing parenthesis. If the function starts a formula, type an equal sign (=) before the function name. C o m m o n l y U s e d F u n c t i o n s

= sum(number1,number2,) adds the total number in a range Number1, number2, ... are 1 to 30 arguments for which you want the total value or sum. Remarks

Numbers, logical values, and text representations of numbers that you type directly in If an argument is an array or reference, only numbers in that array or reference are coun or text in the array or reference are ignored. Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause erro Example: Data A -5 15 30 "5" TRUE Formula 5 21 40 55 1 Description (Result) Adds 3 and 2 (5)

Adds 5, 15 and 1, because the text values are translated into numbers, and Adds the first three numbers in the column above (40) Adds the first three numbers in the column above, and 15 (55) Adds the values in the last two rows above, and 2. Because nonnumeric

=average(number1,number2,) return the arithmetic sum of the arguments

number1, number2, ... are 1 to 30 arguments for which you want to find the arithmetic sum Remarks

Arguments can either be numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. Logical values and text representations of numbers that you type directly into the list o

If an array or reference argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, those values are ignored; however, cells with the value zero are included. Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause err Example: Data B 10 7 9 27 2

Formula 11 10

Description (Result) Average of the numbers above (11) Average of the numbers above and 5

= min(number1,number2,...) returns the smallest number in a set of values = max(number1,number2,...) returns the largest number in a set of values Example: 46 56 15 45 FALSE 86 48 -0.2 35 -0.6 -0.8 86 -0.8 -0.2 48 -0.4 15 TRUE 45 28 = round(number,num_digits) rounds a number to a specified number of digits Number is the number you want to round. Num_digits specifies the number of digits to which you want to round number. Remarks If num_digits is greater than 0 (zero), then number is rounded to the specified number of If num_digits is 0, then number is rounded to the nearest integer. If num_digits is less than 0, then number is rounded to the left of the decimal point. Example: 3.14159 34.892 245.897 1382.46 3.1416 35 250 1400

= count(number1,number2,) counts the number of cells that contain numbers and number within the l

Value1, value2, ... are 1 to 30 arguments that can contain or refer to a variety of different t numbers are counted. Remarks

Arguments that are numbers, dates, or text representation of numbers are counted. Logical values and text representations of numbers that you type directly into the list o Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers are ignored If an argument is an array or reference, only numbers in that array or reference are count logical values, text, or error values in the array or reference are ignored. Example: benj 5/1/1988 22 20 TRUE #NULL!

3 3 0 3

= countif(range,criteria) - Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria

Range is one or more cells to count, including numbers or names, arrays, or references tha Blank and text values are ignored. Criteria is the criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that define which cells will be counted. For example, criteria can be expressed as 32, "32 Example: flower nest trees flower birds trees flower birds

55 45 56 58 37 59 60 54

3 2 1 4 3 7 4 4

= if(criteria,if_true,if_false) returns one value if the condition you specify evalutates to true and another value if it evaluates Logical_test is any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE. For example, A10=100 is a logical expression; if the value in cell A10 is equal Otherwise, the expression evaluates to FALSE. This argument can use any c

Value_if_true is the value that is returned if logical_test is TRUE. Value_if_false is the value that is returned if logical_test is FALSE. Example: suppose an expense worksheet contains in B134:B145 the following data for "Actual Expenses" for january, february,,december the following budget. And C134:C145 contains the following data for "Predicted Expenses" for the same periods.You can write a formula to check whether you are over budget for a particular month Months January February March April May June July August September October November December Actual Expenses 590 890 860 600 980 670 490 680 980 670 680 490 Predicted Expenses 680 684 590 680 590 370 490 680 490 680 700 670 OK Over Budget Over Budget OK Over Budget Over Budget Equal Equal Over Budget OK OK OK

ID Number Grades 2091999 86 2092223 84 2090629 85 2091967 75 2090843 98 2091984 68 952943 95 2090678 86 2090521 77 2097445 68 2090498 78 2093178 82 2090661 86 2090530 84 2090684 86 2090504 81 2091724 86

VGOOD C B E EXCELLENT E EXCELLENT B D E D C B C B C B

if grade is: greater than or = 90 from 85 to 89 from 80 to 84 from 75 to 79 less than 75

2092298 2090595 2091974 2090660 2091962 2091196 2091890 2092029 2090621 2090503 2091145 2090522 2092199 2090679 2091880 2092057 2091894 2090237 2092074 2090680 2091943 2092190 2092205 2094585 2090209 2090639 2093529 2092011 2092189 2093622 2092050 2092230 2090525

84 85 75 98 68 75 86 77 68 78 82 86 79 86 84 86 84 85 75 98 68 75 86 77 68 78 82 86 84 86 98 79 67

C B E EXCELLENT E E B D E D C B D B C B C B E EXCELLENT E E B D E D C B C B EXCELLENT D E

s by using specific values,

or FALSE, arrays, error values such as #N/A, or cell lid value for that argument.

d by an opening parenthesis, closing parenthesis. the function name.

ant the total value or sum.

ers that you type directly into the list of arguments are counted. array or reference are counted. Empty cells, logical values,

ed into numbers cause errors.

scription (Result)

2 (5)

nd 1, because the text anslated into numbers, and three numbers in the e (40) three numbers in the e, and 15 (55) ues in the last two rows . Because nonnumeric

ant to find the arithmetic sum.

nces that contain numbers. u type directly into the list of arguments are counted.

es, or empty cells, those ed. ted into numbers cause errors.

(Result) he numbers above (11) he numbers above and 5

round number.

to the specified number of decimal places. of the decimal point.

ers and number within the list of arguments

fer to a variety of different types of data, but only

numbers are counted. u type directly into the list of arguments are counted. ed into numbers are ignored. rray or reference are counted. Empty cells, eference are ignored.

et the given criteria

es, arrays, or references that contain numbers.

eference, or text that defines an be expressed as 32, "32", ">32", "apples", or B4.

nother value if it evaluates to false o TRUE or FALSE. e value in cell A10 is equal to 100, the expression evaluates to TRUE. his argument can use any comparison calculation operator.

"Actual Expenses" ains the following

return: EXCELLENT VGOOD GOOD OK K

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