Meaning and Definition of Physical Education: Physical Education is the process by which changes in the individual are brought

about through movements and experiences. Physical Education aims not only at physical development but is also concerned with education of the whole person through physical activities. Physical education is the play-way method of education. Various Definitions of Physical Education are 1. Barrow defined Physical Education as an education of and through human movement where many of educational objectives are achieved by means of big muscle activities involving sports, games, gymnastic, dance and exercise. 2. According to Websters Dictionary Physical education is a part of education which gives instructions in the development and care of the body rending from simple callisthenic exercises to a course of study providing training in hygiene, gymnastics and the performance and management of athletics games. 3. Jackson R. Sharman points out that physical education is the part of education which takes place through activities, which involves the motor mechanism of human body which results in an individuals formulating behavior patterns. 4. Charles A. Bucher defines physical education, an integral part of total education process, is a field of endeavor which has as its aim the development of physically, mentally, emotionally and socially fit citizens through the medium of physical activities which have been selected with a view to realizing these outcomes. 5. Central Advisory Board of physical Education and Recreation defines Physical education as an education through physical activities for the development of total personality of the child to its fullness and perfection in body, mind and spirit. Aim of Physical Education Aim of physical education, like general education, is to develop human personality in its totality well planned activity programs. In some words, physical education aim at the all round development of the personality of an individual or wholesome development of human personality and it includes physical, mental, social, emotional and moral aspects to make an individual a good citizen who is able to make contribution in process of nation in ones own way. Thus physical education means at making an individual physical fit, mentally alert, emotionally balanced, socially well adjusted, morally true and spiritually uplifted.

Objectives of Physical Education The three Objectives of physical education are 1. The objective of physical fitness It refers to that state where an individual has developed great endurance, speed, strength etc. Physical fitness is essential to leading a happy, vigorous and abundant life. 2. The objective of social efficiency It concerned with ones proper adaptation to group living. Physical education activities provides ample opportunities to develop traits such as cooperation, respect to others, loyalty, sportsmanship, self confidence etc. All these qualities help a person to make him a good citizen. 3. The objective of culture It aims at developing an understanding and appreciation of ones own local environment as well as the environment which is world-wide in scope. By participation in various physical education activities such as dance, sports and games, a person fully understand the history, culture, tradition, religious practices etc and the aesthetic values associated with these activities. Nature of Physical Education: Physical Education is the cultivation of the powers and capabilities of the student as it will enable him/her to maintain his/her bodily condition in the best working order, while providing at the same time for the greater efficiency of his/her intellectual and spiritual life. Health and Physical Education: Play is more than a pastime, it is a fundamental tool for the discovery and rediscovery of the meaning of living. Health is Soundness of body and mind. The mind and the body are not two separate entities. Two qualities essential to human existence and growth are ability to think for ones self and physical vitality.

Need of Health & Physical Education in School Curriculum: Recent studies on school children have shown that they are prone to regular illness due to malnutrition and communicable diseases. Any survey of statistical data reveal that society today and specifically the youth are facing an onset of early diseases related habits acquired during childhood often have a profound

impact on their later life. Obesity at childhood (urban areas) is an epidemic which is also the result of a decline in regular physical activity. Parents are very much worried about their childrens progress in scores without catering the psycho-social dimension in their development. Community awareness on importance of health education and physical education is meager. There is a misconception among parents, teachers, officials that physical activities, events etc., will lead to lower performance of the child in scholastic subjects which will affect later life of the child. The other misconceptions of Physical Education include: Physical Education is only for the few who are highly skilled. Physical Education is mainly play and that play needs neither instruction nor supervision. Physical training and Physical Education are one and the same. It is matter of exercising of becoming physically fit. Physical Education is for boys not for girls.

Physically active and educated children are more likely to thrive academically and socially. Children who spent time in physical education in place of a classroom activity performed no worse academically than students not enrolled in physical education. Physical activity has a positive impact on cognitive ability, tobacco use, insomnia, depression and anxiety. The Surgeon General recommends children should engage in 60 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week. Schools serve as an excellent venue to provide students with the opportunity for daily physical activity, to teach the importance of health and physical activity for health and to build skills that support active lifestyles. Schools can best contribute to the realistic objectives for fitness and vitality by: teaching the skills of attaining and maintaining fitness. facilitating the development of concepts of fitness. teaching recreational emotional-release skills.

logical thinking and research support the concept that early learning is superior to late learning.

Benefits of P.E through Exercises: Exercises aim to enhance physical fitness through dance. A person can improve flexibility, strength, coordination, balance, cardiovascular fitness and body awareness through movement .A person can have fun, learn to dance to Folk music, Pop music, Western and E music while becoming trim and fit. Rhythmic exercises can reduce stress and tension, coordinate the movement pattern and gives the benefit of aerobic breathing exercises. Rhythmic exercises serve as a combination of dance and gymnastic to some extent. These can be performed in large groups. Mass rhythmic activities are an excellent form of physical activities for people of every age. Physical education is mostly developmental in nature, its main objective is to develop motor qualities, improve body posture, develop unity, and uniformity in movement and create a sense of rhythm and co-ordination.

Physical Education for Children with Special Needs: Physical Education for a children with special needs will develop Physical and motor fitness; Fundamental motor skills and patterns; and skills in aquatics, dance, and individual and group games and sports (including intramural and lifetime sports). Some activities will have more restrictions than others and some will be less vigorous than others depending on the needs. The teacher in conjunction with other supporting staff will decide if the physical education programme requires mild, moderate or limited participations of children with special need. Teacher should adapt, modify, and change the activity and or equipment to meet the needs of the students with special needs. This may mean larger balls, bats, partner assistance, using different body parts, providing more rest time etc. The goal is to ensure the child is progressing and having some form of success. Helpful Suggestions to the teachers: 1. Consult with parents and specialized support staff. 2. Do not require students to do activities they are not capable of. 3. Don't have student selections for teams and games that will leave the child with special needs the last to be selected. 4. Whenever possible, create tasks that the child with a handicap is capable

of performing, this helps boosting the self-esteem of the child. 5. Adaptive devices and other technology can be incorporated with associations concerned with exceptional children. When working towards an inclusive approach, teacher should remember and always need to think: How can he/she change the activity to suit the student? How can he/she adapt the activity? How can he/she modify the activity? Teacher should think in terms of action, time, assistance, equipment, boundaries, distance etc.

Adaptive or Adapted Physical Education (APE): Adapted Physical Education (APE) may be offered to students with gross motor delays or other disability-related difficulties that make them unable to participate productively in a regular physical education class. An Adapted Physical Education class will usually be taught by a person with a background in physical therapy who can adjust the activities so that they will be appropriate, safe, and therapeutic for each individual student. The class may take place in a gym where regular education students are also having classes, and the teacher may facilitate appropriate interaction between the classes. In order to get APE for a child it should be put in childs IEP and prepare to justify the need for adaptation.

YOGA:

Physical Education and Yoga: Yoga raises the mind to its highest level in order to study its activities on lower levels of consciousness. Yoga aims at that command over the body that is the state of individual existence in which the mind, working smoothly in a physically fit body on a high level of consciousness can observe and control all mental activities on the lower level. Yoga has been an integral part of Health and Physical Education that has been a compulsory subject up to the secondary school stage since 1988. The NCF 2005 adopted a holistic definition of health in which yoga is an integral part of it. Both yoga and physical education contribute to not merely the physical development of the child but have a positive impact on psychosocial and mental development as well. Playing group games have a positive impact on individual self esteem, promotes better interaction among children, imparts values of cooperation, sharing and to deal with both victory and defeat. Similarly yoga practice contributes to the overall development of the child and various studies have shown that it contributes to flexibility and muscular fitness and also corrects postural defects among school children. There is also a growing realization that the health needs of adolescents, particularly their reproductive and sexual health needs, require to be addressed. Since these needs predominantly relate to sex and sexuality, which is culturally a very sensitive area, they are deprived of opportunities to get appropriate information. There is a need to provide children accurate and authentic information and help them to construct knowledge and acquire life skills, so that they cope up with the concerns related to the process of growing up, counter stress and strains and cope up with examination stress.Within this overall framework both yoga and physical education are seen as routes for achieving overall development of children.

The precondition for all development is healthy physical growth of all children. This requires that the basic needs in terms of adequate nutrition, physical exercise and other psycho-social needs are addressed. Participation of all children in free play, informal and formal games, yoga and sports activities is essential for their physical and psycho-social development. The range of abilities as a result of games, sports and yoga will improve stamina, fine and gross motor skills and

dexterities, self-awareness and control, and coordination in team games. Simple adaptation of playgrounds, equipment and rules can make activities and games accessible to all children in the school. Children can achieve high levels of excellence in sports, athletics, gymnastics, yoga and performing arts such as dance. When the emphasis shifts from enjoyment to achievement, such training can make demands of discipline and practice that can create stress at this stage. Whereas all students must be involved in health and physical education activities, those who choose to excel in games and sports need to be provided adequate opportunities.

References: http://bodyfitnesshealth.com http://indiacurrentaffairs.org/health-physical-education/ http://www.icbse.com/2009/yoga-schools/ http://www.aicpe.ac.in/

http://www.napess.org/articles.php http://www.preservearticles.com/201105176747/main-function-of-physical-education.html http://specialchildren.about.com/od/specialeducation/g/APE.htm