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2011
Design for simple footings

Renier Chapter 12 6/21/2011

Simple Footing
Figure

Given information
Height of footing Column dimension c Column loads: o Nominal axial dead load o Nominal axial live load o Self-weight of footing Concrete o fcu o Flexural reinforcement o Diameter o Yield strength in tension Soil o Permissible bearing capacity Partial material safety factor Cover to concrete cover o 75 mm was cast directly on the ground o 50 mm was cast on concrete blinding layer

Gn Qn (This value is assumed (Handbook assumes 150kN) and must be rechecked later)

Design loads: SLS

Total dead load Total design axial load Required footing area Width required Area of footing Self weight of footing A=B
2

( )

If self weight of footing is less than the assumed self-weight value = OK

Design Loads: ULS

Total design axial load Bearing pressure The self weight of the footing is not included in the ULS

Punching shear at column edge

Average effective depth Perimeter of the column Shear at edge Check

Punching shear at critical section

one side of perimeter if one side of perimeter < width of the footing punching must be considered Critical perimeter ( ) Area within critical perimeter Punching shear force perimeter Punching shear stress on perimeter ( ( ) )

Flexural reinforcement
Critical length for flexure Moments at critical section Minimum effective depth During required area of reinforcement a. b. c. d. e. Number of bars required ( ) ( ) ( )

f. g. a.

Spacings required ( )

Check for minimum reinforcement Maximum spacing a. i. Maximum spacing is the smaller of 3d and 750

Check the punching shear

Consider the unit width of Reinforcement in the unit width Determine shear resistance o o o o ( ) ( ) ( )

Check shear
Minimum effective depth d The critical section is considered at a distance d from the column face o At the critical section, distance d from column o o o ( ) Shear stress

Simple Footing with two columns

Figure:

Given:
Column dimension c1 and c2 Spacing of columns L Column loads o Nominal axial dead load o Nominal axial live load Self weight of footing Concrete o Characteristic cube strength o Unit weight of concrete Flexural reinforcement o Diameter o Yield strength Soil: Permissible bearing capacity Partial material safety factor of shear Cover of concrete cover o 75 mm was cast directly on the ground o 50 mm was cast on concrete blinding layer No redistribution of moments are allowed

Size of footing: Serviceability limit state

Resultant force on footing Required footing area Provide footing of Calculate new area B = (choose a value); D =(choose value so that ) ( )

Placing of footing

Resultant force must equal the centroid Taking moments about column 2 Centroid of the resultant force
(

(
)

Design Loads: ULS

Consider ultimate limit state o o Resultant force Dont include self-weight in the ULS calculation

Bearing pressure at ULS

Punching shear at the column edge

Assume thickness footing Self-weight of footing Check that Average effective depth Perimeter of columns o o Shear at edge o o Check ( ( ) (Can back calculate to get h) )

Moments and shear in the long direction

Distributed load acting on the full width of the footing Shear forces at critical positions o o o ( ) o ( ) Maximum moment between columns occur shear is zero o Bending moment at critical positions o o o
(

( ) (
)

Flexural reinforcement
Reinforcement in the top of the footing between columns Assumption: reinforcement in long direction outside B1 and T1 ( ) Assume bar diameter Effective depth Reinforcement required o o o
| |

(
|

Check for minimum reinforcement o Maximum spacing o Maximum spacing is the smaller of 3d and 750 ( Number of bars required Spacings required ( ) )

Detailing o o o o

Shear in longitudinal direction

At column with largest shear force o shear force at face (largest side) For example purpose Vxy is used o o o o o o ( ) ( ) calculate shear force at a distance d from face Shear stress | | | ( | )

Determine shear resistance

Flexural reinforcement in the short direction

Consider unit width Length of cantilever Moment

Reinforcement Assume bar diameter Effective depth Reinforcement required o o o

| |

(
|

Check for minimum reinforcement o Maximum spacing o Maximum spacing is the smaller of 3d and 750

Shear in short direction

The critical section is considered at a distance d from the column face o At the critical section, distance d from column o o o ( ) Shear stress

Punching shear