Two weeks Industrial Training Report Submitted to

National Institute of Electronics& Information Technology (NIELIT), Agartala Centre.

Submitted by Subhrajit Majumder Department ofComputer Science & Technology.

Tripura Institute Of Technology, Agartala, Tripura (W).

On Website Designing, Hosting &Maintenance
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List Of Contents.
Abstract. Declaration. Acknowledgement. Institute Profile. Introduction to Training program. Definitions of some technical terms. Some Web development languages. Training Activities. My Website. Conclusion. Benefits of Training. Bibliography.

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This report consists of my experiences, what I have gained and what I have learned during this industrial training at NationalInstitute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT), AgartalaCentrefor 2(two) weeks since January 18th, 2012 until February 1st, 2012.This report consists of three main parts: 1. Institute Profile. 2. Industrial Training Activities. 3. Summary & Conclusion. These parts of report is based exactly on what I have learned during this period and it will consists of skill, techniques, knowledge what I gained and I applied in this institute towards completion of my task assigned during the training.

I hereby declare that all the material in this report is from my own effort, knowledge, skills, learn and experience during the two weeks I had as my industrial training at NIELIT, AgartalaCentre.

NAME: Subhrajit Majumder. SIGNATURE:

DATE: 01/02/12

APPROVED BY:

SIGNATURE ABHIJIT DEBNATH Scientist B

SIGNATURE NILADRI DAS Scientist C

After completing my project I am very thankful to my institute, Tripura institute of technology for giving a great opportunity of having experienced such a wonderful training on NIELIT Agartala Centre on website design, hosting and maintenance. I am also thankful to all the teachers of NIELIT Agartala Centre for their support and helpful guidance without which my project would not be complete. I thank Abhijit Sir and Niladri Sir for their valuable time and guidance during the training period. I also am thankful to all other teachers and staff of NIELIT Agartala Centre for their kind help and support during the training period. I am also thankful to my mother who supported me all the time for such a great task and accomplishment. I am also thankful to all my friends and my family members for their support and love during all these days that encouraged me for creating such an extra-ordinary project.

Thanking You:Subhrajit Majumder.

The National Institute of Electronics& Information Technology (NIELIT), Agartala Centre is a unit of the DOEACC Society, an autonomous Scientific
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Society of the Dept. of Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Govt. of India. NIELIT Agartala Centreis the 11th Centre of the DOEACC Society in the country and the 5thin the North Eastern Region. The other Centres of the DOEACC Society are located at (1) Aizawl, (2) Aurangabad, (3) Calicut, (4) Chandigarh, (5) Jammu/ Srinagar, (6) Gorakhpur, (7) Guwahati Tezpur, (8) Imphal, (9) Kohima (NIELIT), and (10) Kolkata. The DOEACC Society also has a Southern National Office at Pudukottai in Tamil Nadu. The Initial Training Facility of NIELIT, Agartala at the Directorate of IT Campus, Indranagar, ITI Road, Agartala 799 006, has been inaugurated on 10th February2009 and is operational with various training programs like ITES (Customer Care) training, w.e.f. December2008 and DOEACC O & A level training programs in IT Software and Hardware w.e.f. February2009, Various Short term courses w.e.f.May2010and BCA (affiliated to Tripura University) w.e.f July 2011. The temporary training facility of NIELIT, Agartala already commissioned in the nearly 7,000 sq. ft. of built up area located at two buildings namely, (1) 2nd Floor of Directorate of Information Technology Building and (2) the adjacent SEPT building have the following infrastructure. It has the capacity to train about 200+ trainees annually.

The key objective of this course Industrial Training is for the student to get exposure to familiarize oneself with and ultimately prepare the student for the engineering market. As such, it is hoped that the student would be more mature and prepared to work in the engineering field upon award of diploma from the university. Moreover, this course is aimed at also giving the student sufficient confidence to cope with the pressures of accomplishing a task within a limited period of two weeks. This is achieved by positive interaction by the student with the training mentor & the domain knowledge they already possess. Also, the student will also learn many hidden aspects of engineering which was not covered during lectures but rather learn through hands on experience. The scope of work covered during this tenure was to gather extensive knowledge in website domain registration process, web hosting and website designing.

Website: - A website, also written as Web site, website, or simply site,is a set of
related web pages containing content (media), including text, video, music, audio, images, etc. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. A webpage is a document, typically written in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). A webpage may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable markup anchors. Webpages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which may optionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user of the webpage content. The user's application, often a web browser, renders the page content according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal. The pages of a website can usually be accessed from a simple Uniform Resource Locator (URL) called the homepage. The URLs of the pages organize them into a hierarchy, although hyperlinking between them conveys the reader's perceived site structure and guides the reader's navigation of the site. Some websites require a subscription to access some or all of their content. Examples of subscription websites include many business sites, parts of news websites, academic journal websites, gaming websites, file-sharing websites, message boards, web-based email, social networking websites, websites providing real-time stock market data, and websites providing various other services (e.g., websites offering storing and/or sharing of images, files and so forth).

Web Hosting: - A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that
allows individuals and organizations to make their own website accessible via the World Wide Web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server they own or lease for use by their clients as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in a data Centre. Web hosts can also provide data Centre space and connectivity to the Internet for servers they do not own to be located in their data Centre, called collocation or Housing as it is commonly called in Latin America or France.
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The scope of web hosting services varies greatly. The most basic is web page and small-scale file hosting, where files can be uploaded via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or a Web interface. The files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with little processing. Many Internet service providers (ISPs) offer this service free to their subscribers. People can also obtain Web page hosting from other, alternative service providers. Personal web site hosting is typically free, advertisementsponsored, or inexpensive. Business web site hosting often has a higher expense. Single page hosting is generally sufficient only for personal web pages. A complex site calls for a more comprehensive package that provides database support and application development platforms (e.g. PHP, Java, Ruby on Rails, ColdFusion, and ASP.NET). These facilities allow the customers to write or install scripts for applications like forums and content management. For e-commerce, SSL is also highly recommended. The host may also provide an interface or control panel for managing the Web server and installing scripts as well as other modules and service applications like e-mail. Some hosts specialize in certain software or services (e.g. e-commerce). They are commonly used by larger companies to outsource network infrastructure to a hosting company.

Domain Name Registration: - It is the process involved in web development

where a specific name for the domain or website is to be chosen this process is known as Domain Name Registration. This is done with the help of the domain name registry and its definition is given below. A domain name registry is a database of all domain names registered in a toplevel domain. A registry operator, also called a network information Centre (NIC), is the part of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet that keeps the database of domain names, and generates the zone files which convert domain names to IP addresses. Each NIC is an organization that manages the registration of Domain names within the top-level domains for which it is responsible, controls the policies of domain name allocation, and technically operates its top-level domain. It is potentially distinct from a domain name registrar. Domain names are managed under a hierarchy headed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which manages the top of the DNS tree by administrating the data in the root name servers. IANA also operates the .int registry for intergovernmental organizations, the .arpa zone for protocol administration purposes, and other critical zones such as rootservers.net. IANA delegates all other domain name authority to other domain name registries such as Afilias and VeriSign.
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Country code top-level domains (ccTLD) are delegated by IANA to national registries such as DENIC in Germany and Nominet in the United Kingdom.

Web Design: - Web design is the process of planning and creating a website.
Text, images, digital media and interactive elements are used by web designers to produce the page seen on the web browser.Web designers utilize markup language, most notably HTML for structure and CSS for presentation as well as JavaScript to add interactivity to develop pages that can be read by web browsers. As a whole, the process of web design can include conceptualization, planning, producing, post-production, research, and advertising. The site itself can be divided up into pages. The site is navigated by using hyperlinks, which are commonly blue and underlined but can be made to look like anything the designer wishes. Images can also be hyperlinks.

HTML: - Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the main markup

language for web pages. HTML elements are the basic building-blocks of webpages. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>), within the web page content. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some tags, known as empty elements, are unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags). In between these tags web designers can add text, tags, comments and other types of text-based content. The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML webpages. Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the appearance and layout of text and other material. The W3C, maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards, encourages the use of CSS over explicitly presentational HTML markup.

XHTML: - XHTML (eXtensible Hyper Text Markup Language) is a family

of XML markup languages that mirror or extend versions of the widely-used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which web pages are written. While HTML (prior to HTML5) was defined as an application of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), a very flexible markup language framework, XHTML is an application of XML, a more restrictive subset of SGML. Because XHTML documents need to be well-formed, they can be parsed using standard XML parsersunlike HTML, which requires a lenient HTML-specific parser.
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XHTML 1.0 became a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation on January 26, 2000. XHTML 1.1 became a W3C Recommendation on May 31, 2001. XHTML5 is undergoing development as of September 2009, as part of the HTML5 specification.

XML: -Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines

a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specificationproduced by the W3C, and several other related specifications, all gratis open standards. The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability over the Internet. It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for the languages of the world. Although the design of XML focuses on documents, it is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures, for example in web services. Many application programming interfaces (APIs) have been developed for software developers to use to process XML data, and several schema systems exist to aid in the definition of XML-based languages. As of 2009, hundreds of XML-based languages have been developed,including RSS, Atom, SOAP, and XHTML. XML-based formats have become the default for many office-productivity tools, including Microsoft Office (Office Open XML), OpenOffice.org (Open Document), and Apple's iWork. XML has also been employed as the base language for communication protocols, such as XMPP.

PHP: -PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally

designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. It is among one of the first developed server-side scripting languages to be embedded into an HTML source document, rather than calling an external file to process data. Ultimately, the code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module which generates the resulting web page. It also has evolved to include a command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers and also as a standalone shell on almost every operating system and platform free of charge. A competitor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) server-side script engine and similar languages, PHP is installed on more than 20 million websites and 1 million web servers. PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the formal reference to the PHP language. PHP is free software released under the PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) due to restrictions on the usage of the term PHP.
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While PHP originally stood for "Personal Home Page", it is now said to stand for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor", a recursive acronym.

JavaScript: -JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is

dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented,imperative, and functional programming styles. JavaScript was formalized in the ECMAScript language standard and is primarily used in the form of client-side JavaScript, implemented as part of a Web browser in order to provide enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites. This enables programmatic access to computational objects within a host environment. JavaScript's use in applications outside Web pages for example in PDF documents, site-specific browsers, and desktop widgets is also significant. Newer and faster JavaScript VMs and frameworks built upon them (notably Node.js) have also increased the popularity of JavaScript for server-side web applications. JavaScript uses syntax influenced by that of C. JavaScript copies many names and naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very different semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the Self and Scheme programming languages.

CSS: -Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used to describe
the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for tableless web design). CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braillebased, tactile devices. It can also be used to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to a CSS style sheet,

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readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to override the one the author has specified. CSS specifies a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element. In this so-called cascade, priorities or weights are calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable. The CSS specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Internet media type (MIME type) text/css is registered for use with CSS by RFC 2318 (March 1998).

ASP:- Active Server Pages (ASP), also known as Classic ASP or ASP Classic,
was Microsoft's first server-side script engine for dynamically-generated Web pages. Initially released as an add-on to Internet Information Services (IIS) via the Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack (ca. 1998), it was subsequently included as a free component of Windows Server (since the initial release of Windows 2000 Server). ASP.NET has superseded ASP. ASP 2.0 provided six built-in objects: Application, ASP Error, Request, Response, Server, and Session. Session, for example, represents a cookie-based session that maintains the state of variables from page to page. The Active Scripting engine's support of the Component Object Model (COM) enables ASP Websites to access functionality in compiled libraries such as DLLs.

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Control Panel: - It is the portion of webs.com where we can chose any of the
choices from the following choices: 1. Manage Websites: It also consists of the following sub headings Manage Pages & Apps: Used for managing already created pages. Edit Website: Used for modifying the content of the website. Modify Template: Used for modifying the theme or visual display of the website. Browse Appstore: Used for browsing the apps present in the webs.com store. Website Settings: Used for modifying the limitations of the website. Mobile Website: Used for creating a mobile version of the present website. 2. Premium Services & Support: It also consists of the following sub headings Upgrade to Premium: It is used for upgrading free websites to rented or bought websites with premium domain name. Register a Domain Name: It is used for registering a domain name for the website for use during the hosting period. Custom Email Services: Customized e-mail services for premium users for their own use in need. Credit Shop: It is used for credit facility of users for convenience. Customer Support: It is a help service for customers and users for enquiring about their queries and problems. 3. Marketing & Site Promotion: It also consists of the following sub headings Web Statistics: It is used for checking the viewers count for the website. Search Engine Optimization: It is used for embedding the codes for different search engines for searching queries directly from the website. Social Networks: It is used for linking with social networking sites such as facebook, twitter, and orkut. Ad Credits: It is used for checking the credits available for posting ads in other popular websites. Email Campaigns: It is used for campaigning the website through emails to different people for promotion of website. 4. Generate Revenue: It consists of the following sub headings
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 Web Store: It is used for selling products and other merchandise for collecting revenue and money. Affiliate Program. Caf Press: It is used for publishing blogs. Collect Donations: It is used for collecting donations for some personal or social work or business. 5. Members & Community: It consists of the following sub headings Manage Members: It is used for managing the members of the website. Membership Settings: It is used for limiting the membership criteria. Edit Profile: It is used for modifying the profile of the user or the customer for keeping the profile updated with recent information.

Manage Pages: - It is the portion of webs.com where we can chose any of the
following choices: 1. Site Manager: It consists of the following sub headings Add Page: Used for adding a new page. Add Application: Used for adding an application. Delete Page: Used for deleting pages by visualizing the pages set up. Move Page: Used for moving the order of the pages. Reorder Pages: Used for re-ordering the pages consisting the website. 2. File Manager: It consists of the following sub headings Upload Files: Used for uploading files for use in the website. Delete Files: Used for deleting files from the directory. Create Folder: Used for creating folders for keeping files in. 3. Site Stats: Used for checking viewers stats for website. 4. Site Settings: Used for modifying settings and limitations of the website. 5. Applications: Used for inserting new applications for use in the website. 6. Mobile Website: It is used for creating and managing a mobile website.

Modify Template: -It is a very important portion of the webs.com tools for
modifying themes or visual display of the website. It consists of the following: 1. Change Template: It is used for applying new templates for the website and changing the visual display of it. 2. Change Background: It is used for two works changing the background image of the website and changing the background texture.
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3. Header & Footer: It consists of the following sub headings Site Title: It is used for modifying the site title of the web site. Site Tagline: It is used for giving a tagline i.e. a sub title for the site. Site Footer: It is used for giving our own custom designed footer. Header & Logo: It is used for resizing and changing the logo or header of the website. 4. Advanced CSS: It is used for inserting our own css codes for changing the style of the web layout of the website.

Edit Website: - It is the portion of webs.com which consists of the following:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Page Options: It is used for changing the settings of the pages as well as to delete or change name of the page. Add New Page: It is used for adding new pages for the website. Help: It is used as a service for customers to take help from. Publish: It is used for publishing the ready pages as well as the whole web site. Page Selector: It is used for selecting pages of the website for editing the contents of the pages. Add Content Box: It is used for creating a content box for inserting data in it. Add Photo: Used for adding photos to the content boxes of a website. Add Video: Used for adding videos on a context box of a page. Add-ons: Used for adding add-ons on the page. Insert Link: Used for creating or inserting hyperlinks in a website. Change Font: Used for changing the font style of the selected part. Change Size: Used for changing the selected size of the selected part. Bold: Used for changing the words or sentences to bold. Italic: Used for changing the words or sentences to italic style. Underline: Used for underlining the selected text. Font Color: Used for changing the color of the text or font. Highlight: Used for highlighting text by different colors in background. Left Align: Used for aligning text to the left. Right Align: Used for aligning text to right. Centre Align: Used for aligning text to the Centre. Numbering: Used for numbering the following text. Tables: Used for inserting tables. Smileys: Used for inserting small smiling shapes. HTML code: Used for inserting HTML codes for use.
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1. My Home Page:-

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2. My Photos:-

3. My Videos:-

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4. My Blog:-

5. My Downloads:-

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6. My Forums:-

7. My News: - It is a page updated with the news of good sites providing tutorials for Web developing languages. 8. About Me:- It is a page with all details about me and my future goals. 9. My Contacts: -It contains my contact details and facebook page for use by others.

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During the Study and learning period I have had much fun as well as have learned many things. Due to the training today I have my very own website and a fully functional blog If anyone interested in viewing my site or blog you can visit it at http://subhrajit2majumder.webs.com/ And also can visit the blog at http://subhrajit2majumder.webs.com/apps/blog/ This work of arts was only complete due to the great training facility we have been given by NIELIT Agartala Centreand thus I thank this institute with all my love and heart. This Program has been utterly helpful to me I have learned many new things and am now better than ever I was at web development.Knowledge about Frames and iFrames was a great accomplishment for me today I am growing to become a better web developer then I was before the training program.

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Due to my training at NIELIT, I am more confident when it comes to web design or development and have also gotten better at HTML from before. This training has proven to be life changing for me because till today I was not sure whether to choose web development as a carrier or not, but now I am sure that its what I want to do as a Computer Engineer when I pass out. My website now keeps all my friends up to date with all the things happening around me and this has created a great way to interact with my friends. My website can also attract other customers for me if they want me to design a website for them, this has created a new way of income for me. Due to my hard work and due considerate time I have given to create this site, I am planning to make it permanent for myself so that such great opportunities are always available and thus I promise to all my friends and followers that I will keep my site up to date with improvements time to time.

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Books I have taken help from:1. HTML5: Black Book. Published by- Dreamtech press. 2. Building a Website for Dummies. Published by- Wiley publishing, Inc.

Websites I have taken help from:1. www.wikipedia.org 2. www.google.co.in 3. www.quackit.com 4. www.tizag.com 5. www.webs.com

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