Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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E-mail: bdea@buddhanet.net
Web site: www.buddhanet.net
Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc.
Translated by Upasaka Lu K'uan Yu
(Charles Luk)
The ragama Stra
(Long Yon Cblng)
Cblnoso Rondorlng b
Mastor Paramltl ol Contra|
Nortb lndla at Cblb Cblb Monastor,
Canton, Cblna, A.D. 705
Commentary
(abrldgod) b
Chan Master Han han (1546-1623)
Trans|atod b
Up5saka Lu K`uan Yu
(Cbar|os Luk)
Comment
En|lgbtonmont ln Mab55na Buddblsm conslsts ln transmut-
lng tbo mlnd lnto tbo Groat Mlrror Wlsdom. And so tbo
Surangama Sutra polnts dlroct| at tbo Mlnd wblcb wbon
stlrrod b tbo llrst tbougbt croatos tbo baslc l||uslon ol an ogo
and sp|lts tbo Wbo|o lnto suboct and oboct. ln consoquonco
lt ls stl|| a prlmar sourco lor tbo Cb`an or Zon scboo|.
ln tbls sutra tbo Buddba bogan b strlpplng nanda ol
tbls attacbmont to tbo l||usor bod and mlnd boloro rovoa|-
lng tbo Ono Mlnd. To toacb bow tbls Ono Mlnd can bo roa|-
lsod bo askod twont-llvo Bodblsattvas to doscrlbo tbo
dllloront motbods b wblcb oacb bad attalnod En|lgbton-
mont. Avo|okltosvaras motbod was udgod tbo most sultab|o
lor manklnd toda.
Tbo Buddba dlsc|osod tbo causo ol transmlgratlon
tbrougb tbo slx wor|ds and ol tbo attalnmont ol tbo lour salnt|
p|anos, doscrlblng tboso ton roglons ln somo dotal|. Flna|| bo
dotal|od and warnod agalnst c|lnglng to tbo varlous monta|
statos oxporloncod wbon practlslng tbo Surangama Sam5dbl.
Wo ln tbo Wost know ol tbo Croatlon accordlng to tbo
Blb|o, but roadors wl|| now llnd ln tbls sutra bow man and bls
wor|d camo lnto bolng as taugbt b tbo Buddba.
Covor Doslgn: Mlao Yln
v
Translator
Lu K`uan Yu`s trans|atlon lrom tbo Cblnoso ol tbls lmportant
sutra ls basod on Cb`an Mastor Han Sban`s |ato slxtoontb
contur commontar, portlons ol wblcb aro lnc|udod ln tbo
lootnotos.
Lu K`uan Yu was born ln Canton ln SS. Hls llrst
Mastor was tbo Hutuktu ol Slkong, an on|lgbtonod Groat
Lama. Hls socond Mastor was tbo Vonorab|o Cb`an Mastor
Hsu Yun, tbo Dbarma-succossor ol a|| llvo Cb`an socts ol
Cblna.
Lu K`uan Yu now |lvos ln Hong Kong and dovotos blm-
so|l to prosontlng as man Cblnoso Buddblst toxts as posslb|o
so tbat Buddblsm can bo prosorvod at |oast ln tbo Wost,
sbou|d lt bo latod to dlsappoar ln tbo East as lt sooms to bo.
vl
Contents of the ragama Stra
Commont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Trans|ator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Prolaco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
I
The Noumenon in the Tathgata Store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
nanda`s Woaknoss - Tbo Roason lor tbls Sormon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Modltatlvo Stud ol A|| as Vold (Samatba) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Wlplng Out tbo Flvo Aggrogatos &
Elgbt Consclousnossos to Exposo tbo Unroa|lt ol Ego . . . . . . . . 27
Rovoa|lng tbo Brlgbt Sam5dbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3S
Orlgln ol lnvorslon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Actua| lnvorslon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Tbo lnvortod Mlnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Probo lnto tbo la|so mlnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Tblnklng ls unroa| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Tbo slxtb consclousnoss ls ompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Tbo sovontb consclousnoss ls unroa| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Rolutlng a|| lnvorslon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Tbo lnvortod Porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
A brlgbt Llgbt to rovoa| tbo Ono Roa|lt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Roturnlng porcoptlon to Mlnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
lnvortod Mon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4S
Tbo wor|dlng's lnvortod vlows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Tbo Hlnaanlst`s lnvortod vlows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Tbo borotlcs` lnvortod vlow ol annlbl|atlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Tbo lnvortod bobavlour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Do|uslon and En|lgbtonmont aro ol tbo samo sourco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
vll
Wlplng Out tbo Unroa| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Tbo Non-oxlstonco ol Dlscrlmlnatlvo Porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
nanda`s wrong vlow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Unroa|lt ol l||usor causos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fa|sonoss ol botb sonso organs and consclousnoss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
A|| pbonomona roturnab|o to causos aro unroa| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Borrowlng Tbo Essonco Ol Porcoptlon To Plck Out Causa| Extorna|s . . . . . . 6
Sottlng up tbo ossonco ol porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Plcklng out causa| oxtorna|s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Tbo naturo ol porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Tbo (Undor|lng) Naturo ol Porcoptlon ls Not tbo Essonco ol Porcoptlon . . . 63
Tbo capaclt ol porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Plcklng out causa| obocts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Tbo ossonco ol porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Tbo Essonco ol Porcoptlon Mlstakon lor Extorna|s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Rolutlng tbls mlsconcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Truo porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Wlplng Out tbo Capaclt ol Porcoptlon to Rovoa| tbo Truo Mlnd . . . . . . . . 66
Tbo capaclt ol soolng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Broaklng up tbo capaclt ol soolng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Rovoa|lng tbo Roa| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Eradlcatlng Attacbmont to tbo Ego to Rovoa| tbo Ono Roa|lt . . . . . . . . . . . 6S
Rootlng Out nanda`s Mlsconcoptlon ol Obocts
Bolng and NOT BElNG Porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Mlsconcoptlon ol obocts BElNG porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Mlsconcoptlon ol obocts NOT BElNG porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Mausri`s Ho|plu| lntorposltlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Wlplng Out A|aa`s So|l-Evldonclng to Rovoa| Ono Roa|lt . . . . . . . . 74
nanda`s Dlscrlmlnatlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
vlll
Wlplng Out nanda`s Dlscrlmlnatlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Rootlng out tbo so|l as sucb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
E|lmlnatlng causo and condltlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Rovoa|lng tbo ossontla| Bodbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Brusblng awa wrong assumptlons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
E|lmlnatlng tbo Essonco ol Porcoptlon to Rovoa| lncoptlvo En|lgbtonmont 76
Wlplng Out nanda`s Dlscrlmlnatlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Rovoa|lng tbo lncoptlvo Bodbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
lndlvldua| Karma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S0
Co||octlvo Karma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S
Rovoa|lng tbo lndopondont Baslc Bodbl
to Exposo tbo Unlottorod Abso|utonoss (Bbtatatbat5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3
Wlplng Out A|| Tracos ol tbo Fa|so to Entor tbo Abstruso
to Rovoa| tbo Bbtatatbat5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4
Dlroct Polntlng to tbo Ono Mlnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S6
Fuslng Mrlads ol Tblngs wltb tbo Abso|uto to Rovoa| tbo ldontlt
ol Pbonomonon wltb Noumonon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S7
Fuslng tbo Flvo Aggrogatos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S7
Tbo Flrst Aggrogato Rupa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S7
Tbo Socond Aggrogato Vodan5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SS
Tbo Tblrd Aggrogato Saa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S
Tbo Fourtb Aggrogato Sask5ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Tbo Flltb Aggrogato Vl5na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Fuslng tbo Slx Entrancos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entranco tbrougb tbo Eos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entranco tbrougb tbo Ears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Entranco tbrougb tbo Noso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Entranco tbrougb tbo Tonguo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Entranco tbrougb tbo Bod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Entranco tbrougb tbo lnto||oct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
lx
Fuslng tbo Two|vo atana (Slx Sonso Organs & Slx Sonso Data) . . . . . . 6
Eos & Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Ears & Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Noso & Smo|| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S
Tonguo & Tasto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bod & Toucb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lnto||oct & Dbarma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00
Fuslng tbo Elgbtoon Flo|ds or Roa|ms ol tbo Sonsos . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Tbo Flo|d ol Slgbt-Porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Tbo Flo|d ol Sound-Porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
Tbo Flo|d ol Smo||-Porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
Tbo Flo|d ol Tasto-Porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Tbo Flo|d ol Toucb-Porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Tbo Flo|d ol tbo Slxtb Consclousnoss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07
Fuslng tbo Sovon E|omonts lnto tbo Abso|uto
to Rovoa| tbo Froo lntormlng|lng
ol Pbonomonon & Noumonon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0S
Exposlng Fau|t Dlllorontlatlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Polntlng to tbo Ono Sourco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
lnstructlon on tbo Sovon E|omonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Tbo o|omont ol oartb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Tbo o|omont ol llro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tbo o|omont ol wator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Tbo o|omont ol wlnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Tbo o|omont ol spaco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Tbo o|omont ol porcoptlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Tbo o|omont ol consclousnoss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nanda`s Undorstandlng Exprossod ln bls G5tb5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
x
II
The Phenomenon in the Tathgata Store . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tbo Modltatlvo Stud ol A|| as Unroa| (Sam5pattl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tbo Ono Mlnd Bolng tbo Sourco ol Botb Do|uslon & En|lgbtonmont . . . . . . . . . . . 24
A Probo lnto tbo Dlsclp|o`s Undorstandlng ol
Noumonon & Pbonomonon to Rovoa| tbo Rlso ol l||uslons . . . . . . . . . . 26
Tbo Roa| Mlssod b Cognlzanco ol tbo Fa|so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Tbo Tbroo Flnor Condltlons ol Unon|lgbtonmont
(Baslc lgnoranco: Suboct & Oboct) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Tbo Slx Coarsor Condltlons ol Unon|lgbtonmont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Tbo Law ol Contlnult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S
Contlnult ol tbo (pbslca|) unlvorso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S
Contlnult ol |lvlng bolngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Contlnult ol karmlc rotrlbutlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Tbo Uncroatod & Unondlng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Tbo Unblndorod lntormlng|lng ol Noumonon & Pbonomonon . . . . . . . . . 33
Expoundlng tbo Common Sourco
ol Do|uslon & En|lgbtonmont
to Sum Up tbo lntormlng|lng ol
Pbonomonon & Noumonon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
III
The Tathgata Store Containing Both
Noumenon & Phenomenon . . . . 37
Modltatlvo Stud ol tbo Moan (Db5na) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
E|lmlnatlon ol `ls` to rovoa| tbo Truo Mlnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
E|lmlnatlon ol `ls not` to rovoa| tbo Truo Mlnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3S
Slmu|tanoous o|lmlnatlon ol `ls` & `ls not`
to rovoa| tbo Abso|uto Mlnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3S
Tbo Ono Mlnd, Suddon Awakonlng & Roa|lzatlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
xl
IV
Self-Enlightenment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Obocts Contomp|atod ln Modltatlvo Studlos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Tbo suboctlvo mlnd ln tbo modltatlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Tbo oboctlvo pbonomona ln tbo modltatlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Tbo polnt ol doparturo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Looklng lnto tbo roots ol k|osa to llnd tbo sonso organ sultab|o lor modltatlon . 50
Expodlont lnstructlon on tbo Ono Mlnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5S
Maln lnstructlon on tbo Tbroo Modltatlvo Studlos ol tbo Ono Mlnd . . . . . . 62
How to Untlo tbo Slx Knots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Modltatlon on tbo slx sonso data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Modltatlon on tbo llvo sonso organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Modltatlon on tbo slx consclousnossos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7S
Modltatlon on tbo sovon o|omonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S3
Modltatlon on tbo organ ol boarlng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mausri`s G5tb5 Toacblng tbo Approprlato Motbod lor Human Bolngs . . 203
V
The Enlightenment of Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Dlsclp|lno & lts Tbroo Doclslvo Stops: Si|a, Db5na, & Prana . . . . . . . . 24
Problbltlon agalnst carna|lt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Problbltlon agalnst kl||lng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Problbltlon agalnst stoa|lng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Problbltlon agalnst |lng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
VI
Bodhisattva Development into Buddhahood . . . . . . . . . 222
Tbo Tatb5gata Storo lrom wblcb Arlso Botb Sams5ra & Nlrv5na . . . . . . 223
Tbo Orlgln ol Llvlng Bolngs & tbo Wor|d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
xll
Tbo lnvortod Causo ol tbo Exlstonco ol Llvlng Bolngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Tbo lnvortod Causo ol tbo Exlstonco ol tbo Wor|d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Tbo Two|vo Tpos ol Translormatlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Tbo Two|vo Groups ol Llvlng Bolngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Transmutatlon ol Sams5ra lnto Nlrv5na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Tbo Tbroo Gradua| Stops to Wlpo Out Sams5ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Progrosslvo Advanco ln Bodblsattva Dovo|opmont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Tbo Stago ol Dr Wlsdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Tbo Ton Stagos ol Bodblsattva Faltb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Tbo Ton Practlca| Stagos ol Bodblsattva Wlsdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Tbo Ton Llnos ol Bodblsattva Actlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Tbo Ton Acts ol Dodlcatlon (Parln5man5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Tbo Four Addltlona| Harnosslng Stagos (Praoga) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Tbo Ton Hlgbost Stagos ol Bodblsattva Attalnmont (Dasabbuml) . . . . . . . 240
Tbo Unlvorsa| En|lgbtonmont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tbo Abso|uto (or Wondorlu|) En|lgbtonmont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Tbo Tlt|os ol tbls Stra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
VII
The Six Planes of Existence
Caused by Unenlightenment . . 244
Tbo Slx Statos ol Llvlng Bolngs ln Sams5ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Tbo roa|m ol dovas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Tbo roa|m ol soors (rsl) and splrlts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Tbo roa|m ol buman bolngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24S
Tbo roa|m ol anlma|s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24S
Tbo roa|m ol bungr gbosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24S
Tbo roa|m ol bo||s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24S
Tbo Ton Causos & Slx Ellocts ln tbo Roa|m ol Ho||s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
xlll
Tbo Ton Karmlc Causos ol tbo Roa|m ol Ho||s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tbo bablt ol soxua| doslro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tbo bablt ol cravlng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Tbo bablt ol arroganco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Tbo bablt ol angor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Tbo bablt ol docoltlu|noss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Tbo bablt ol |lng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Tbo bablt ol rosontmont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Tbo bablt ol wrong vlows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Tbo bablt ol unlalrnoss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Tbo bablt ol dlsputatlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Tbo Slx Rotrlbutlvo Ellocts ln tbo Roa|m ol Ho||s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Rotrlbutlvo ollocts ol wrong soolng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Rotrlbutlvo ollocts ol wrong boarlng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Rotrlbutlvo ollocts ol wrong smo||lng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Rotrlbutlvo ollocts ol wrong tastlng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Rotrlbutlvo ollocts ol wrong toucblng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Rotrlbutlvo ollocts ol wrong tblnklng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Dogroos ol Porvorslt ln Ro|atlon to Sullorlng ln tbo Ho||s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25S
Tbo Ton Catogorlos ln tbo Roa|m ol Hungr Gbosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25S
Tbo Ton Catogorlos ol Anlma|s (Blrds, otc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Tbo Ton Catogorlos ln tbo Roa|m ol Human Bolngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Tbo Ton Catogorlos ln tbo Roa|m ol Soors (Rsls) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Tbo Roa|m ol tbo Gods (Dova|oka) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Tbo Slx Hoavons ol tbo Roa|m ol Doslro (K5madb5tu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Tbo Four Roglons ol tbo Db5na Hoavons
ol tbo Roa|m ol Form (Rpadb5tu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Tbo llrst roglon ol tbo tbroo db5na boavons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
xlv
Tbo socond roglon ol tbo tbroo db5na boavons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26S
Tbo tblrd roglon ol tbo tbroo db5na boavons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26S
Tbo lourtb roglon ol tbo lour db5na boavons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Tbo llvo boavons lrom wblcb tboro ls no roturn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Tbo Four Hoavons ol tbo Form|oss Roa|m ol Puro Splrlt (Arpadb5tu) . . . 272
Tbo stato ol tbo Groat Arbat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Tbo lour boavons boond lorm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Tbo Angmln stago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Tbo Four C|assos ln tbo Roa|m ol Tltans (Asura-gatl) . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
VIII
Warning to Practisers: The Fifty False States Caused
by the Five Aggregates . . . . . . . . 277
Statos ol Mara Causod b tbo Flvo Aggrogatos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Tbo Ton Statos Alloctod b tbo Flrst Aggrogato ol Form (Rupa) . . . . . . . . . . 2S0
Tbo Ton Statos Alloctod b tbo Socond Aggrogato
ol Rocoptlvonoss (Vodan5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S4
Tbo Ton Statos Alloctod b tbo Tblrd Aggrogato ol Concoptlon (Saa) . 2
Tbo Ton Statos Alloctod b tbo Fourtb Aggrogato ol
Dlscrlmlnatlon (Samsk5ra) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Tbo Ton Statos Alloctod b tbo Flltb Aggrogato ol Consclousnoss (Vlana) . . . . 36
Tbo Fa|sobood ol tbo Flvo Aggrogatos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Fa|sonoss ol tbo llrst aggrogato ol lorm (rupa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Fa|sonoss ol tbo socond aggrogato ol rocoptlvonoss (vodan5) . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Fa|sonoss ol tbo tblrd aggrogato ol concoptlon (saa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Fa|sonoss ol tbo lourtb aggrogato ol dlscrlmlnatlon (samsk5ra) . . . . . . . . . . 327
Fa|sonoss ol tbo llltb aggrogato ol consclousnoss (vl5na) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32S
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5
Preface
We take refuge in the Buddha,
We take refuge in the Dharma,
We take refuge in the Sagha,
We take refuge in the Triple Gem within ourselves.
Tbls lmportant sormon contalns tbo ossonco ol tbo Buddba`s
toacblng and, as loroto|d b Hlm, wl|| bo tbo llrst sutra to dls-
appoar ln tbo Dbarma ondlng ago. lt rovoa|s tbo |aw ol caus-
a|lt ro|atlng to botb do|uslon and on|lgbtonmont and toacbos
tbo motbods ol practlco and roa|lzatlon to dostro lorovor tbo
roots ol blrtb and doatb. lt alms at broaklng up 5|aa, tbo
storo consclousnoss, wboso tbroo cbaractorlstlcs aro: so|l-
ovldonclng, porcoptlon and lorm, b moans ol tbo tbroo
modltatlvo studlos ol noumonon wblcb ls lmmatorla|, ol pbo-
nomonon wblcb ls unroa| and ol tbo `Moan` wblcb ls lnc|u-
slvo ol botb, and |oads to tbo a||-ombraclng Surangama
sam5dbl wblcb ls tbo gatowa to Porloct En|lgbtonmont and
rovoa|s tbo naturo ol tbo Tatb5gata storo ol Ono Roa|lt.
ln tbo practlco ol tbo Surangama sam5dbl to wlpo out
tbo storo consclousnoss, wo sbou|d know tbat tbo |attor bas
boon undor do|uslon lor a vor |ong tlmo and tbat lt ls vor dll-
llcu|t to transmuto lt lnto tbo Groat Mlrror Wlsdom. Honco tbo
Buddba usos two ol lts cbaractorlstlcs, perception and form,
to oxp|aln tbo la|sonoss ol botb so tbat wo can ro|lnqulsb our
attacbmont to tbom and broak lts llrst cbaractorlstlc, so|l-
ovldonclng. Tbo l||uslon of form wblcb lnc|udos tbo bod and
6
mlnd mado ol tbo llvo aggrogatos and tbo vlslb|o wor|d ls tack-
|od llrst b roturnlng oacb ol lts aspocts to wboro lt arlsos to
provo lts unroa|lt. Tbon tbo l||uslon ol perception ls wlpod
out b rovoa|lng lts ossonco, or 5|aa, wblcb |lko a socond
moon ls a|so an l||usor croatlon. Honco tbo Buddba sas:
`Wbon soolng (porcolvos) soolng, soolng ls not soolng (lor)
soolng stras lrom `soolng, soolng cannot roacb lt,` wblcb Han
Sban ab| lntorprots tbus: `Wbon tbo abso|uto soolng por-
colvos tbo ossonco ol soolng, tbo lormor ls not tbo |attor wblcb
stl|| dlllors lrom lt, bow tbon can la|so soolng roacb tbat abso-
|uto soolng` Abso|uto soolng ls |lkonod to tbo roa| moon ln tbo
sk, tbo ossonco ol soolng to a socond moon soon b bad
oos, and la|so soolng to tbo moon`s rol|octlon ln wator. ln
otbor words, tbo truo moon stands lor baslc En|lgbtonmont,
tbo socond moon lor 5|aa, or tbo ossonco ol soolng wblcb ls
c|oso to tbo truo moon, and tbo moon ln wator lor porcoptlon,
an l||uslon wblcb ls vor lar lrom tbo roa| moon. As to 5|aa
wblcb ls tbo unon|lgbtonod aspoct ol tbo so|l-naturo, wo
cannot |lgbt| dlsmlss lt as non-oxlstont, and tbls ls wb tbo
Buddba avolds montlonlng lt lor, as Ho sas ln Hls g5tb5:
`O|d bablts l|ow |lko torronts ln
|aa`s subt|o consclousnoss.
Slnco tbo roa| ot unroa| can croato conluslon
l bavo rolralnod lrom rovoa|lng lt to ou.`
ln answor to nanda's roquost lor lnstructlon on tbo tbroo
modltatlvo studlos (samatba, sam5pattl and db5na), tbo
Buddba rovoa|s tbo |lgbt ol Surangama sam5dbl lrom tbo
7
host posltlon ol tbo a||-ombraclng Ono Mlnd ln lts stato ol
passlon|oss lmporturbabl|lt. Roadors sbou|d not rogard tbls
rovo|atlon as somo klnd ol mlrac|o wblcb cannot bo provod
b sclonco and wblcb sbou|d bo dlsmlssod as nonsonso. Wo
bavo montlonod ln our provlous book, The Secrets of
Chinese Meditation,
22
tbousand coplos ol our trans|atlon lor lroo dlstrlbutlon. Tbo
to|d us tbat lt was wortb spondlng mono to sproad tbo
Buddba Dbarma, and wo can llnd no words to oxpross our
tbanks and gratltudo lor tbolr oncouragomont and va|uab|o
support ln tbls Dbarma ondlng ago.
A|| brackots aro mlno and aro addod to mako tbo sutra
and commontar moro c|oar and lnto||lglb|o to slncoro stu-
donts ol tbo Dbarma ln tbo Wost. On| part ol Han Sban`s
commontar bas boon trans|atod and ls prosontod ln tbo
lorm ol lootnotos.
Up5saka Lu K`uan Yu (Cbar|os Luk)
Hong Kong
S. Tbls Llgbt rovoa|od tbo wbo|o substanco ol tbo Groat Sam5dbl. Slnco nanda bad lal|od to awakon
to tbo unroa|lt ol mlnd and bod, bo agaln askod lor tbo Toacblng on tbo Patb ol amatba (on tbo
modltatlvo stud ol tbo Vold). Ho dld not roa|lzo tbat tbo Buddba bad llrst montlonod tbls Groat
Sam5dbl and tbon prossod Hlm bard about tbo mlnd`s posltlons lor tbo so|o purposo ol urglng blm
lnstant| to awakon to tbo non-oxlstonco ol tbo lour o|omonts and tbo la|sonoss ol tbo llvo
aggrogatos, so tbat tbo substanco ol Sam5dbl appoarod ln lu|| on tbo spot.
Had nanda boon sbarp rootod, bo cou|d bavo cast awa a|| l||uslons, tbo mootlng wou|d bavo
boon dlsmlssod and tbo ragama assomb| wou|d bavo tbon como to an ond. Howovor, bo was
do|udod and tbo Buddba was ob|lgod to uso oxpodlonts to awakon blm. For bls do|uslon was duo to
bls grasplng at l||usor blrtb and doatb wblcb bo mlstook lor roa|lt. Honco Hls toacblng ln tbo
lo||owlng toxt on tbo two baslc lnvorslons to root out tbo tblrd aggrogato saa.
As tbo Buddba was about to oxp|aln tboso lnvorslons, Ho sont out lrom Hls loroboad ras ol
|lgbt to rovoa| wbat Lln Cbl ca||od `tbo truo man ol no llxod posltlon wbo, lrom bls loroboad, sonds
out tbo |lgbt tbat sbakos tbo wor|d.` (Soo Cb`an and Zon Toacblng, Socond Sorlos, p. 0. Rldor.)
Howovor, bocauso ol so|l-docoptlon, poop|o do not rocognlzo tbls man ol no llxod posltlon ln splto
ol bls dal| actlvltlos and aro soparatod lrom blm b scroons and obstructlons put up b tbolr wrong
tblnklng wblcb dlvldos (tbolr undlvldod wbo|o) lnto slx sonso organs and sonso data. Now tbo
Buddba-Llgbt (wblcb ls lnboront ln a|| ol us) sbono on tbo roa|ms ol tbo sonso organs, sonso data
and consclousnoss wblcb aro ldontlca| wltb Roa|lt (tbo undor|lng prlnclp|o lrom wblcb tbo
sprlng). Tbls ls wb tbo toxt montlons tbo appoaranco ol Buddbas ln tbolr |ands suddon| rovoa|od
ln tbls Llgbt wblcb dostrood tbo darknoss ol lgnoranco. Honco tbo slx klnds ol quako to ovortbrow
tbo slx sonso organs and sonso data and so romovo tbolr obstructlons, so tbat a|| tbo wor|ds cou|d
bocomo ono. Tbls ls Roa|lt sblnlng on darknoss and porlormlng lts function (soo Cb`an and Zon
Toacblng, Socond Sorlos, p. 02) ol dlsslpatlng lt at onco, tbus onab|lng a|| sorlous practlsors to
c|lmb wltbout ollort tbo Transcondonta| Patb. Honco count|oss Bodblsattvas appoarod ln tbls Llgbt
soatod ln tbolr own p|acos, and brlnglng tbolr pa|ms togotbor to |lston to tbo Buddba`s toacblng on
tbo Groat Sam5dbl.
B moans ol lts Llgbt, tbo Buddba rovoa|od tbo wbo|o substanco ol tbo Sam5dbl. ln tbo
lo||owlng cbaptors, tbo Toacblng moro| rovoa|s tbls stato ol Brlgbtnoss, and ll lt ls undorstood,
tboro wl|| bo no nood to stud tbo Buddba Dbarma. Bocauso nanda was not awakonod to lt, tbo
Buddba was ob|lgod to mako lurtbor rovo|atlons ono, altor tbo otbor. ln answor to nanda`s
ronowod roquost lor lnstructlon on amatba, tbo Buddba bogan bls (lurtbor) Toacblng b sbowlng
tbls Brlgbtnoss.
. Tbo aksa sood ls tbroolo|d and so l||ustratos tbo slmu|tanoous cbaractor ol l||uslon, actlon and
sullorlng.
40
Tbls ls wb sookors ol tbo Trutb lal| to roa|lzo Supromo
En|lgbtonmont but acblovo on| (tbo statos ol) sr5vakas,
pratoka-buddbas, borotlcs, dovas and domons, so|o| bo-
causo tbo do not know tbo two baslc lnvorslons, tborob
practlslng wrong| |lko tboso wbo cannot got lood b cooklng
sand ln splto ol tbo passlng ol aoons as count|oss as tbo dust.
Wbat aro tboso two baslc lnvorslons nanda, tbo llrst ls tbo
baslc root ol blrtb and doatb causod, slnco tbo tlmo wltbout
boglnnlng, b tbo wrong uso ol a c|lnglng mlnd wblcb poop|o
mlstako lor tbolr own naturo, and tbo socond ls tbolr attacb-
mont to causa| condltlons (wblcb scroon) tbo baslca|| brlgbt
ossonco ol consclousnoss wblcb ls tbo lundamonta|| puro
and c|oan substanco ol Nlrvanlc En|lgbtonmont. Tbus tbo
lgnoro tbls baslc brlgbtnoss and so transmlgrato tbrougb (l||u-
sor) roa|ms ol oxlstonco wltbout roa|lzlng tbo lutl|lt ol tbolr
(wrong) practlco.
0
0. Tbo Buddba, boloro toacblng tbo Groat Sam5dbl, rovoa|od tbo root causo ol blrtb and doatb b
doc|arlng tbat slnco tbo tlmo wltbout boglnnlng a|| |lvlng bolngs bad glvon rlso to a|| sorts ol
lnvorslon bocauso ol tbolr karmlc do|uslon about Baslc and Fortl|lzod lgnoranco. Tbls (twolo|d)
lgnoranco causos a|| sorts ol karmlc soods wblcb produco tbo blttor lrults ol do|uslon, actlon and
sullorlng, and so aro |lkonod to tbo tbroolo|d aksa soods. Tbls l||uslon can on| bo brokon up b tbo
Groat Sam5dbl wblcb was polntod out llrst. Sookors ol tbo Trutb cannot roa|lzo Supromo
En|lgbtonmont but aro mls|od b do|uslon lnto otbor was slmp| bocauso tbo cannot dlstlngulsb
two baslc roots: llrst, tbo root causo ol blrtb and doatb wblcb ls tbo dlscrlmlnatlng mlnd wblcb tbo
mlstako lor tbolr so|l-naturo, and socond, tbo lundamonta|| puro and cloan substanco ol Nlrvanlc
En|lgbtonmont roa|lzod b a|| past Buddbas, tbat ls tbo Essonco ol tbolr Consclousnoss wblcb ls
baslca|| brlgbt but can glvo rlso to causa| condltlons. B c|lnglng to tboso (l||usor) condltlons, tbo
lgnoro tbo baslc brlgbtnoss and sullor alm|oss| lrom blrtb and doatb. `Tbls Essonco ol
Consclousnoss ls tbo substanco ol tbo Elgbtb Consclousnoss wblcb ls baslca|| brlgbt and ls tbo
wondorlu| sblnlng Truo Mlnd ol Baslc En|lgbtonmont. Slnco a|| |lvlng bolngs lal| to roa|lzo tbls
wondrous Brlgbt Mlnd, lt ls (scroonod b do|uslon and) translormod lnto tbo Essonco ol
Consclousnoss wblcb |oads to wrong tblnklng. Tboroloro, tbo Buddba almod llrst to root out tbls
la|so tblnklng and tbon tbo Essonco ol Consclousnoss so tbat tbo baslca|| on|lgbtonod Truo Mlnd
cou|d manllost tbrougb tbo Groat Sam5dbl. Honco Hls rovo|atlon ol Sam5dbl boloro wlplng out
la|so tblnklng. Tbo lo||owlng toxt doa|s wltb tbo o|lmlnatlon ol la|sobood to oxposo Roa|lt wltb Hls
toacblng on Samatba, tbo Patb to Roa|lt, tbat wblcb was to bo wlpod out was proclso| tboso two
(baslc) lnvorslons.
4
Actual Inversion
The Inverted Mind
Probe into the false mind
`nanda, as ou bavo onqulrod about tbo Samatba Gatowa
tbrougb wblcb to oscapo lrom blrtb and doatb, l must ask
ou a quostlon.` Tbo Buddba tbon bo|d up Hls go|don buod
arm and bont Hls llngors, salng: `nanda, do ou soo tbls`
nanda rop|lod: `Yos.` Tbo Buddba askod: `Wbat do ou
soo` nanda rop|lod: `l soo tbo Buddba ralso Hls arm and
bond Hls llngors, sbowlng a sblnlng llst tbat dazz|os m mlnd
and oos.` Tbo Buddba askod: `How do ou soo lt` nanda
rop|lod: `l and a|| tboso boro uso tbo oos to soo lt.` Tbo
Buddba askod: `You sa tbat l bond m llngors to sbow a
sblnlng llst tbat dazz|os our mlnd and oos, now to|| mo, as
ou soo m llst, wbat ls tbat mlnd wblcb porcolvos lts brlgbt-
noss` nanda rop|lod: `As tbo Tatb5gata asks about tbo
mlnd and slnco l am uslng m own to soarcb lor lt oxbaus-
tlvo|, l conc|udo tbat tbat wblcb soarcbos ls m mlnd.`
Thinking is unreal
Tbo Buddba sald: `Ho! nanda, tbls ls not our mlnd.`
nanda starod wltb astonlsbmont, brougbt bls two pa|ms to-
gotbor, roso lrom bls soat and askod: `ll tbls ls not m mlnd,
wbat ls lt` Tbo Buddba rop|lod: `nanda, tbls ls our la|so
tblnklng wblcb arlsos lrom oxtorna| obocts, do|udos our
truo naturo and docolvos ou lnto mlstaklng, slnco tbo tlmo
wltbout boglnnlng, a tblol lor our own son, tborob |oslng
42
(slgbt ol) tbat wblcb ls baslca|| pormanont, bonco tbo round
ol blrtb and doatb.`
and
l pa m dobt,
2
|lvlng bolngs aro suboct to blrtb and
doatb lor bundrods and tbousands ol aoons. Duo to sucb
causos as ou troasuro m boart, l |ovo our boaut,
3
tbo contlnuo to bo tlod to oacb otbor lor bundrods and
tbousands ol ka|pa. Tboroloro, tbo baslc causos ol contln-
uous karmlc rotrlbutlon aro tbroo: kl||lng, stoa|lng and
carna|lt.
0. Cl. Cb`an and Zon Toacblng, Flrst Sorlos, p. 6, lor a dotal|od oxp|anatlon ol tbo ton statos ol
blrtb.
. Kl||lng as baslc causo ol karmlc rotrlbutlon.
2. Stoa|lng as baslc causo ol karmlc rotrlbutlon.
3. Carna|lt as baslc causo ol karmlc rotrlbutlon.
32
`Tbus Purnamaltr5aniputra, tboso tbroo ovl| causos
succood ono anotbor so|o| bocauso ol unon|lgbtonod awaro-
noss wblcb glvos rlso to tbo porcoptlon ol lorm and so soos
la|so| mountalns, rlvors and tbo groat oartb as wo|| as otbor
pbonomona wblcb unlo|d ln succosslon and, bocauso ol tbls
vor l||uslon, appoar agaln and agaln, as on a turnlng wboo|.`
The Uncreated & Unending
`Purnamaltr5aniputra askod: `ll Bodbl, wblcb ls baslca||
abso|uto and on|lgbtonod and ls tbo samo as tbo uncbanglng
Tatb5gata mlnd, can suddon| croato mountalns, rlvors, tbo
groat oartb and otbor pbonomona, wbon wl|| tbo Buddba,
wbo bas attalnod Abso|uto En|lgbtonmont, agaln glvo rlso to
tbo wor|d| porcoptlon ol mountalns, rlvors and tbo groat
oartb`
Tbo Buddba sald: `Purnamaltr5aniputra, ll a man
|osos bls wa to a vl||ago b mlstaklng soutb lor nortb, doos
bls orror como lrom do|uslon or on|lgbtonmont`
Purnamaltr5aniputra rop|lod: `From noltbor. Wb
Bocauso, slnco do|uslon bas no root bow can tbls orror como
lrom lt Slnco on|lgbtonmont doos not bogot do|uslon, bow
can lt causo blm to orr`
Tbo Buddba askod: `ll tbls man, wbl|o orrlng, suddon|
moots somoono wbo sbows blm tbo rlgbt wa, do ou tblnk
ln splto ol bls mlstako, bo wl|| |oso bls wa agaln`
(Purnamaltr5aniputra rop|lod:) `No, Wor|d Honourod
Ono.`
33
(Tbo Buddba sald:) `Purnamaltr5aniputra, lt ls tbo
samo wltb a|| Buddbas ln tbo ton dlroctlons. Do|uslon bas no
root lor lt bas no so|l-naturo. Fundamonta|| tboro bas novor
boon do|uslon and tbougb tboro ls somo somb|anco ol lt,
wbon ono ls awakonod, lt vanlsbos (lor) Bodbl doos not
bogot lt. Tbls ls |lko a man sullorlng lrom an optlca| l||uslon
wbo soos l|owors ln tbo sk, ll bo ls curod, tboso l|owors wl||
dlsappoar. But ll bo walts lor tbom to appoar agaln, do ou
ca|| blm stupld or lnto||lgont`
Purnamaltr5aniputra rop|lod: `Fundamonta|| spaco
bas no l|owors but duo to doloctlvo slgbt tbo aro soon as
bolng ln tbo vold, tbls ls a|road a la|so attltudo. ll ln addltlon,
tbo aro roqulrod to appoar agaln, tbls ls moro lo||, bow tbon
can tbat man bo ca||od stupld or lnto||lgont`
Tbo Buddba sald: `Slnco ou bavo lntorprotod wo|| tbo
non-oxlstonco ol l|owors ln tbo sk, wb do ou stl|| ask mo
about tbo lmmatorla| abso|uto Bodbl ol a|| Buddbas croatlng
mountalns, rlvors and tbo groat oartb lt ls |lko oro wblcb con-
talns puro go|d, onco tbo |attor ls oxtractod, lt cannot bo
mlxod wltb tbo oro agaln. lt ls a|so |lko tbo asbos ol burnt
wood wblcb cannot bocomo wood agaln. lt ls tbo samo wltb
a|| Buddbas ol tbo nlrvanlc on|lgbtonmont.
The Unhindered Intermingling of Noumenon & Phenomenon
`Purnamaltr5aniputra, ou now ask about tbo o|omonts ol
oartb, wator, llro and wlnd wblcb lundamonta|| lntormlng|o
wltbout blndranco ln tbo Dbarma roa|m, ou aro ln doubt
34
about wb tbo o|omonts ol wator and llro do not dostro oacb
otbor and bow tbo o|omonts ol spaco and oartb can contaln
oacb otbor.
`Purnamaltr5aniputra, tako lor lnstanco spaco wblcb
dlllors groat| lrom a|| lorms but wblcb doos not provont
tbom lrom manllostlng ln lt. Wb Bocauso spaco ls radlant
ln tbo sun and dark wbon tbo sk ls c|oud, lt movos wltb tbo
wlnd, ls brlgbt ln a c|oar sk, baz ln a mlst, obscuro ln a dust-
storm and ls rol|octod wbon abovo c|oar wator. Do ou tblnk
tbat tboso translont lorms ln dllloront p|acos aro croatod b
tboso condltlons or tbat tbo como lrom spaco ll tbo como
lrom tboso condltlons, tbon, wbon tbo sun sblnos, tboro ls
sun|lgbt and a|| tbo wor|ds ln tbo ton dlroctlons sbou|d bo
ldontlca| wltb tbo sun, tbon wb ls tbo sun soon ln tbo sk ll
spaco sblnos, lt sbou|d sblno upon ltso|l, wb tbon at nlgbt or
wbon tboro aro c|ouds and log, ls tboro no |lgbt Llgbt tboro-
loro ls noltbor tbo samo as nor dllloront lrom tbo sun and
spaco.
`Tbus wbon |ookod lnto, ossontla|| tboro aro no lorms
(l.o. tbo sovon o|omonts) lor tbo cannot bo polntod out |lko
unroa| l|owors ln tbo sk tbat can on| produco unroa| lrult,
so wb do ou lnqulro about tbolr mutua| dostructlon But
wbon tbolr (undor|lng) naturo ls |ookod lnto, lt ls lundamon-
ta|| roa| lor lt ls abso|uto Bodbl. Slnco tbls abso|uto on|lgbt-
onod Mlnd ls baslca|| noltbor wator nor llro, wb do ou
quostlon tbolr mutua| blndranco Wltbln tbls truo and abso-
|uto Bodbl En|lgbtonmont, ll ou glvo rlso to (tbo karmlc l||u-
slon ol) spaco, spaco wl|| manllost. ll ou bavo (slml|ar
35
l||uslons ol) oartb, wator, llro and wlnd ono altor anotbor,
tbo wl|| manllost soparato| and ll ou glvo rlso to tbom a||,
tbo wl|| appoar slmu|tanoous|. Purnamaltr5aniputra, wbat
doos slmu|tanoous appoaranco moan, ll two mon wa|klng
ln opposlto dlroctlons soo tbo sun rol|octod ln wator, oacb wl||
soo tbo rol|octlon lo||ow ln bls dlroctlon. Tboro ls no llxod
standard boro and ou cannot quor wb ono sun can movo
ln opposlto dlroctlons or wb two suns aro soon wbon on|
ono appoars (ln tbo sk)
4
tborob dooponlng our do|uslon
wltbout an prop on wblcb to bo|d.
5
Expounding the Common Source of Delusion &
Enlightenment to Sum Up the Intermingling of
Phenomenon & Noumenon
`Purnamaltr5aniputra, bocauso ou c|lng to lorm and spaco
tbat dlsp|aco oacb otbor ln tbo Tatb5gata storo, tbo |attor ln
accordanco wltb our karma, manllosts as spaco and lorm
wblcb porvado tbo wbo|o Dbarma roa|m, and as a rosu|t,
tboro appoar wltbln lt tbo b|owlng wlnd, stl|| voldnoss, a
brlgbt sun and dark c|ouds. Duo to tbolr do|uslon and por-
p|oxlt, |lvlng bolngs turn tbolr backs on Bodbl and c|lng to
sonso obocts tborob glvlng rlso to troub|os, (k|osa) wltb tbo
rosu|tant appoaranco ol l||usor lorms.
`(As to mo), m uncroatod and unondlng prolound on-
|lgbtonmont accords wltb tbo Tatb5gata storo wblcb ls abso-
4. Tbls wlpos out tbo concopt ol unlt-wltb-dlllorontlatlon.
5. Tbls onds tbo Buddba`s toacblng on tbo unblndorod lntormlng|lng ol noumonon wltb pbonomonon.
36
|uto Bodbl, and onsuros m porloct lnslgbt lnto tbo Dbarma
roa|m wboro tbo ono ls lnllnlto and tbo lnllnlto ls ono, wboro
tbo |argo manllosts ln tbo sma|| and vlco-vorsa, wboro tbo lm-
movab|o bodblmanda|a appoars ovorwboro, wboro m
bod ombracos tbo ton dlroctlons ol lnoxbaustlb|o spaco,
wboro tbo klngdom ol troasuros (l.o. tbo Buddba-|and) ap-
poars on tbo tlp ol a balr, and wboro l slt ln a spock ol dust to
turn tbo wboo| of tbo Dbarma. As l bavo wlpod out a|| l||usor
obocts ol sonsos to accord wltb Bodbl, l bavo roa|lzod tbo
naturo ol tbo abso|uto En|lgbtonmont ol tbo Bbutatatbat5.`
6
6. Tbo two |ast paragrapbs sum up tbo lntordopondonco ol pbonomonon and noumonon and tbo
lntordopondonco ol a|| pbonomona (accordlng to tbo Hua Yon or Avatamsaka Scboo|). Startlng on
p. 24 tbo Buddba taugbt Sam5pattl or tbo modltatlvo stud ol a|| as unroa| or transltor. ln tbo
lo||owlng toxt bo taugbt Db5na, or tbo modltatlvo stud ol tbo Moan wblcb lnc|udos botb Roa|lt
and Unroa|lt.
37
III
The Tathgata Store Containing Both
Noumenon & Phenomenon
Meditative Study of the Mean (Dhyna)
Elimination of is to reveal the True Mind
`Tbo lundamonta|, abso|uto and porloct Mlnd ol tbo Tatb5gata
storo ls noltbor mlnd nor tbo o|omonts ol spaco, oartb, wator,
wlnd and llro, noltbor oo nor oar, noso, tonguo, bod nor ln-
to||oct, noltbor lorm nor sound, smo||, tasto, toucb nor ldoa
(dbarma), noltbor tbo llo|d ol slgbt-porcoptlon nor tbo otbor
llo|ds ol sonso lnc|udlng tbat ol tbo lnto||oct,
7
noltbor on|lgbt-
onmont nor unon|lgbtonmont nor tbo (o|ovon) otbor |lnks ln
tbo cbaln ol oxlstonco lnc|udlng o|d ago and doatb, noltbor tbo
ond ol on|lgbtonmont nor tbat ol unon|lgbtonmont nor tbat ol
tbo (o|ovon) otbor |lnks,
S
noltbor mlsor nor tbo accumu|atlon
ol mlsor, oxtlnctlon ol passlon and tbo patb tboroto,
noltbor
wlsdom nor galn (roa|lzatlon), noltbor cbarlt (d5na) nor dlscl-
p|lno (si|a), noltbor zoa| (vira), patlonco (ks5ntl), modltatlon
(db5na), wlsdom (pra5) nor porloctlon (p5ramlt5),
00
and
ovon noltbor Tatb5gata, Arbat, Samak-sambodbl, Parl-
7. Tbo Tatb5gata storo is noltbor tbo wor|d| mlnd (wblcb comprlsos suboctlvo consclousnoss and
porcoptlon) nor tbo (oboctlvo) o|omonts ol spaco, oartb, wator, wlnd and llro, tbo slx organs, slx
sonso data and slx consclousnossos.
S. Nor ls lt tbo supramundano stago ol a pratoka-buddba attalnab|o altor awakonlng to tbo two|vo
|lnks ln tbo cbaln ol oxlstonco and tbolr onds.
. Nor ls lt tbo supramundano stago ol a sr5vaka attalnab|o altor awakonlng to tbo Four Nob|o Trutbs.
00. Nor ls lt tbo supramundano stago ol Bodblsattva dovo|opmont wblcb comprlsos wlsdom and galn
(roa|lzatlon) b moans ol tbo Slx P5ramlt5. Cl. Cb`an and Zon Toacblng, Flrst Sorlos, Part lV, The
Heart Sutra, lor a lu||or oxp|anatlon ol tbo abovo notos 2, 3 and 4.
3S
nlrv5na, nor (truo) Etornlt, B|lss, So|l and Purlt.
0
Elimination of is not to reveal the True Mind
`Tbus tbo baslc on|lgbtonod Mlnd ol tbo Tatb5gata storo, bolng
noltbor mundano nor supramundano ls wondorlu| ln tbat lt ls
(a|so) ldontlca| wltb (wor|d|) mlnd and (tbo o|omonts ol) spaco,
oartb, wator, wlnd and llro, wltb oo, oar, noso, tonguo, bod
and lnto||oct, wltb lorm, sound, smo||, tasto, toucb and ldoas,
wltb tbo llo|d ol oo-porcoptlon and a|| otbor llo|ds boloro and
lnc|udlng tbat ol lnto||oct, wltb on|lgbtonmont, unon|lgbtonmont
and tbo (o|ovon) otbor |lnks ln tbo cbaln ol oxlstonco boloro and
lnc|udlng o|d ago and doatb, wltb tbo ond ol on|lgbtonmont, ol
unon|lgbtonmont and ol tbo (o|ovon) otbor |lnks, wltb mlsor
and lts accumu|atlon, wltb tbo oxtlnctlon ol passlons and tbo
patb tboroto, wltb d5na, si|a, vira, ks5ntl, db5na, pra5 and
p5ramlt5, and a|so wltb Tatb5gata, Arbat, Samak-sambodbl,
Parlnlrv5na, truo Etornlt, B|lss, So|l and Purlt.
Simultaneous elimination of
is & is not to reveal the Absolute Mind
`Tbus tbo (undor|lng) prlnclp|o ol tbo abso|uto En|lgbtonod
Mlnd ol tbo Tatb5gata storo, bolng ldontlca| wltb and (lnc|ud-
lng) botb tbo mundano and supramundano, ls abovo ls and
ls not and boond botb ldontlt and dllloronco.
`How tboroloro, can wor|d| bolngs ol tbo tbroo roa|ms
ol oxlstonco and ln tbo supramundano sr5vaka and pratoka-
0. Nor ls lt tbo supromo stato ol Buddbabood, wltb lts blgbost tlt|os ol Tatb5gata, Arbat and Samak-
sambodbl, nor tbo stago ol Parlnlrv5na wltb lts lour cbaractorlstlcs ol Abso|uto Etornlt, Abso|uto
B|lss, Abso|uto So|l and Abso|uto Purlt. Tbus tbo `Moan` wlpos out botb tbo wor|d| and salnt| to
oxposo tbo Tatb5gata storo.
3
buddba statos latbom tbo Tatb5gata`s Supromo Bodbl and
ponotrato tbo Buddba-wlsdom b word and spoocb For ln-
stanco tbougb a |uto can mako swoot mo|od, lt ls uso|oss ln
tbo absonco ol skl|lu| llngors,
02
lt ls tbo samo wltb ou and
a|| |lvlng bolngs lor a|tbougb tbo Truo Mlnd ol proclous Bodbl
ls comp|oto wltbln ovor man, wbon l pross m llngor on lt,
tbo Ocoan Srnbo|
03
radlatos but as soon as our mlnd
movos, a|| troub|os (k|osa) arlso. Tbls ls duo to our romlss-
noss ln our soarcb lor Supromo Bodbl, ln our do|lgbt ln
Hina5na and our contontmont wltb tbo |ltt|o progross
wblcb ou rogard as comp|oto.`
04
The One Mind, Sudden Awakening & Realization
Purnamaltr5aniputra sald: `Tbo Buddba and l possoss tbo
truo, abso|uto and c|oan Mlnds ol Comp|oto En|lgbtonmont
wblcb aro tbo samo and wbo|| porloct, but wb, altor so man
transmlgratlons duo to m do|uslon lrom tbo tlmo wltbout bo-
glnnlng and altor m prosont attalnmont ol tbo Salnt| Voblc|o,
am l stl|| unab|o to roa|lzo tbo U|tlmato wboroas tbo Wor|d
Honourod Ono bas o|lmlnatod a|| la|sonoss and bas roa|lzod
abso|uto pormanonco l bog to ask tbo Tatb5gata wbat causos
tbo do|uslon tbat scroons |lvlng bolngs lrom tbolr prolound on-
02. Practlco and tralnlng.
03. Tbo Ocoan Smbo| sbows tbo vastnoss ol tbo modltatlon ol tbo Buddba, tbo vlslon ol a|| tblngs.
04. Tbls onds tbo toacblng on tbo modltatlvo stud ol tbo Moan. From tbo boglnnlng ol tbo sormon, tbo
Buddba rovoa|od tbo tbroo cbaractorlstlcs ol tbo Tatb5gata storo: tbo vold (lts substanco), tbo non-
vold (lts lunctlon) and tbo vold ot non-vold (wblcb corrosponds wltb tbo tbroolo|d modltatlvo stud
ol a|| as vold, ol a|| as unroa| and ol tbo Moan wblcb lnc|udos botb). Studonts ol tbo Abso|uto
Dbarma sbou|d laml|larlzo tbomso|vos wltb tboso tbroo cbaractorlstlcs ol tbo Tatb5gata storo and tbo
corrospondlng tbroolo|d modltatlvo stud as taugbt ln tbo toxt ln ordor to comprobond tbo
prolundlt ol tbo Supromo Voblc|o.
40
|lgbtonmont and so subocts. tbom to tbolr prosont pordltlon.`
Tbo Buddba rop|lod: `A|tbougb ou bavo wlpod out
our troub|os (k|osa), tracos ol our doll|omont stl|| romaln. l
wl|| now put somo wor|d| quostlons to ou. Havo ou not
board ol (tbo mad man) Yaadatta ol Sr5vasti wbo wou|d
|ook lnto a mlrror and do|lgbt ln soolng bls oobrows and
oos but wbon ono mornlng bo lal|od to soo tbom ln bls own
boad, tbougbt blmso|l bodovl||od Do ou tblnk tboro was
an va|ld roason lor sucb madnoss
Purnamaltr5aniputra rop|lod: `Tboro was no va|ld roason.`
Tbo Buddba sald: `Tbo Abso|uto Bodbl ls baslca|| on-
|lgbtonod and abso|uto. Wbon lt ls (scroonod and wrong|)
ca||od la|so, bow can tboro bo a REAL causo (ol) tbls do|uslon
For ll tboro ls a REAL roason, bow can lt bo ca||od FALSE A||
tbls arlsos lrom wrong tblnklng wblcb dovo|ops lnto lurtbor
wrong tblnklng. Wbon ono la|sonoss ls boapod on anotbor, ln
splto ol tbo toacblngs b Buddbas ln count|oss lormor aoons,
ou aro stl|| unab|o to avold do|uslon. lts causos aro a|so undor
do|uslon, but ll ou roa|lzo tbat lt bas nono, la|sonoss wl|| bavo
no support (and wl|| vanlsb). Slnco (do|uslon) was novor cro-
atod, wbat ls tboro to dostro to roa|lzo Bodbl
`Tbls ls |lko a man wbo, wbon awako, ro|atos wbat bo
saw ln a droam, bo ma bo lngonlous but wbat can bo got lrom
lt Stl|| |oss can bo bonollt lrom a stato wblcb doos not dorlvo
lrom an causo and doos not roa|| oxlst, |lko Yaadatta wbo,
wltbout roason, took lrlgbt at not soolng bls own boad. ll bo
suddon| coasod to bo craz, bls boad wou|d not como lrom
o|sowboro, and ovon ll bo was stl|| mad, lt was not roa|| |ost.
4
Purnamaltr5aniputra, slnco tbls ls tbo naturo ol la|sonoss
wboro ls lts causo ll ou wl|| on| coaso to dlscrlmlnato and to
bo|lovo ln tbo (tbroo l||uslons tbat tboro aro) tbo unlvorso,
karmlc rotrlbutlon and (tbo roa|ms ol) |lvlng bolngs, tbo tbroo
condltlons (dorlvod lrom kl||lng, stoa|lng and carna|lt) wl||
como to an ond. Wltbout tboso condltlons, tbo tbroo causos
wl|| not arlso and, as wltb mad Yaadatta, tbo mad naturo ol
our own mlnd wl|| como to an ond and wbon lt doos, tbat ls
En|lgbtonmont (Bodbl). Tbus our unoxco||od, puro and on-
|lgbtonod Mlnd wblcb ossontla|| porvados tbo Dbarma roa|m,
doos not como lrom outsldo, bow can lt bo roa|lzod b tol|-
somo and prolound practlco and b acblovomont Tbls ls |lko
a man wltb a clnt5manl poar| sown ln bls coat wbo lorgots a||
about lt, tblnks bo ls roa|| poor and wandors about bogglng
lor lood. A|tbougb bo ls poor, bls poar| bas novor boon |ost. ll
a wlso man suddon| to||s blm tbat lt ls ln bls coat, a|| bls wlsbos
wl|| bo answorod and bo wl|| bocomo vor rlcb. Ho wl|| tbus ro-
a|lzo tbat bls wondorlu| gom doos not como lrom outsldo.`
05
05. Tbo dlsclp|o`s quor about tbo causo ol do|uslon wont to tbo boart ol tbo mattor (l.o. tbo mlnd).
Tboroloro, studonts ol tbo Transmlsslon sbou|d a|was |ook lnto tbls mlnd`s dal| actlvltlos and
sbou|d not tblnk wrong| tbat tbo Toacblng Scboo| doos not advocato tbo Patrlarcb`s prolound alm
(l.o. tbo mlnd). Tbls quostlon ls vor dllllcu|t to answor, so tbo Buddba usod tbo stor ol Yaadatta
to toacb tbat la|sonoss bas no causo, |lko tbo craz man`s boad wblcb dld not como lrom outsldo.
For tbo on|lgbtonod Mlnd ol Abso|uto Bodbl ls lundamonta|| lroo lrom a|| la|sonoss. ll lt ls ca||od
la|so, bow can falseness bavo a real causo ll lt comos lrom a roa| causo, lt sbou|d not bo ca||od
la|so, lor la|sonoss comos lrom accruod la|so tblnklng and accumu|atod do|uslon. Tboroloro, tbo
causo ol la|sonoss on| arlsos lrom do|uslon wblcb ll roa|lzod as bavlng no (lnboront) causo wl|| |oso
lts support and wl|| vanlsb. ll lt bas novor boon croatod, bow can lt now bo annlbl|atod Tbo non-
oxlstont naturo ol la|sonoss ls |lko tblngs soon ln a droam, bow can lt bavo a roa| causo Sucb bolng
tbo naturo ol do|uslon, wboro can lt bo lound ll ou on| coaso to dlscrlmlnato and to bo bound b
tbo tbroolo|d cbaln ol tbo unlvorso, karma and |llo, tbo tbroo condltlons (ol kl||lng, stoa|lng and
carna|lt) wl|| como to an ond and tbo tbroo baslc causos (tbo wor|d, karma and |llo) wl|| dlsappoar.
ll ou awakon to tboso tbroo condltlons, our baslc lgnoranco wl|| coaso suddon| and our
on|lgbtonod Mlnd ol Abso|uto Bodbl wblcb ls ossontla|| not do|udod wl|| appoar lnstantanoous|,
|lko Yaadatta`s boad wblcb was novor |ost and dld not como lrom o|sowboro wbon bls mad mlnd
camo to a stop.
Tbls ls tbo Buddba`s toacblng on lnstantanoous awakonlng.
42
nanda tbon camo lorward, prostratod blmso|l wltb bls
boad at tbo loot ol tbo Buddba, stood up and askod: `Tbo
Wor|d Honourod Ono now spoaks ol o|lmlnatlng tbo tbroo con-
dltlons ol kl||lng, stoa|lng and carna|lt to onsuro tbat tbo tbroo
baslc causos do not arlso and so to stop tbo upsurgo ol
Yaadatta`s madnoss and roa|lzo Bodbl wblcb tbus doos not
como lrom outsldo. Tbls wltbout a sbadow ol doubt sbows tbo
causos and condltlons but wb doos tbo Tatb5gata tbrow tbom
awa comp|oto| lt ls a|so duo to causos and condltlons tbat
m mlnd bas oponod. Wor|d Honourod Ono, l am not tbo on|
boaror (sr5vaka) wbo, tbougb stl|| noodlng stud and |oarnlng,
bas so awakonod, but otbors ln tbls assomb|, |lko Mab5-
maudga|5ana, S5rlputra, Subbutl, otc., wbo lo||owod tbo Brab-
mac5rln,
06
board ol tbo Buddba`s toacblng on causos and con-
dltlons, tbon awakonod to tbo Dbarma and acblovod tbo stato
boond transmlgratlon. ll ou now sa tbat bodbl doos not
dopond on causos and condltlons, tbon tbo so|l-oxlstont as
proacbod b tbo borotlcs ln R5agrba, sucb as Maskarl Gos5|i-
putra
07
and otbors, wou|d bo Nlrv5na. Wl|| ou bo so compas-
slonato onougb to on|lgbton m do|uslon and porp|oxlt`
Tbo Buddba sald: `nanda, ln tbo caso ol Yaadatta, ll
tbo (so-ca||od) causo and condltlon ol bls madnoss bad boon
wlpod out, bls own naturo wblcb was not mad wou|d bavo ro-
voa|od ltso|l, and wbatovor ou ma ratlona|lzo about causo,
condltlon and so|l-oxlstonco doos not go boond tbls.
0S
06. Brabmln ascotlcs wltb tbolr mlnds sot on puro |lvlng.
07. Ono ol tbo Slx Horotlcs (Tlrtblkas) wbo donlod tbat tbolr prosont |ot was duo to karmlc doods ln
lormor |lvos.
0S. Botb do|uslon and on|lgbtonmont aro la|so.
43
`nanda, ll Yaadatta`s boad bad baslca|| boon so|l-
oxlstont, lt sbou|d a|was bavo boon so and cou|d not bavo
boon otborwlso. Wbat tbon woro tbo causo and condltlon
tbat rosu|tod ln bls
0
taklng lrlgbt and golng mad
0
`ll bls so|l-oxlstont boad bocamo mad owlng to causo
and condltlon, wb was lt not |ost But wbon bo took lrlgbt
and wont mad, wb was lt stl|| tboro uncbangod Tbus bow
cou|d causo and condltlon alloct bls boad
6. Tbo Buddba tbus rovoa|od tbo tbroo cbaractorlstlcs ol tbo Tatb5gata storo lor tbo tbroo
corrospondlng modltatlvo studlos, and urgod tbo assomb| to practlso tbo Dbarma (lnstoad ol
momorlzlng Hls words).
46
IV
Self-Enlightenment
Objects Contemplated in Meditative Studies
Altor boarlng tbo Buddba`s toacblng, nanda and tbo assom-
b|, now rld ol doubt and l||uslon, awoko to Roa|lt and lo|t a
|lgbtnoss ol bod and mlnd wblcb tbo bad novor oxporloncod
boloro. nanda agaln wopt, prostratod blmso|l wltb bls boad at
tbo loot ol tbo Buddba, kno|t down, brougbt bls pa|ms togotbor
and sald: `O poor|oss, compasslonato and lmmacu|ato Klng ol
Troasuros, ou bavo oponod m mlnd so wo|| b uslng a|| klnds
ol oxpodlonts and oncouragomont to |oad mo out ol darknoss
ln tbo ocoan ol sullorlng. Wor|d Honourod Ono, altor boarlng
our Dbarma-volco, a|tbougb l bavo roa|lzod tbat tbo Brlgbt
Mlnd ol Abso|uto Bodbl ol tbo Tatb5gata storo porvados tbo
ton dlroctlons to brlng a|| tbo |ands tboroln to tbo puro and
maostlc klngdom ol Abso|uto En|lgbtonmont, tbo Buddba
agaln b|amos m uso|oss know|odgo acqulrod b |lstonlng
wblcb cannot comparo wltb truo practlco and tralnlng. l am |lko
a travo||or wbo ls suddon| glvon b tbo klng ol boavon a sp|on-
dld manslon, wblcb now tbat bo owns lt, bo sbou|d know bow
to ontor. Ma tbo Tatb5gata not lorsako Hls groat compasslon
and ma Ho toacb a|| tbo do|udod ln tbls assomb| bow to glvo
up tbo Sma|| Voblc|o and bow to dovo|op tbolr mlnds ln ordor
to attaln to U|tlmato Nlrv5na, so tbat tboso wbo stl|| nood stud
and |oarnlng ma know bow to ovorcomo tbolr c|lnglng to
causa| pbonomona ln ordor to acblovo porloct contro|
(db5rani) and ontor tbo Buddba`s A||-wlsdom.`
47
Altor salng tbls, bo prostratod blmso|l and rovoront|
awaltod tbo bo| Toacblng.
Tbo Buddba took plt on tbo sr5vakas and pratoka-
buddbas ln tbo assomb| wboso mlnds sot on on|lgbtonmont
woro stl|| not at oaso and (a|so) on luturo |lvlng bolngs ln tbo
Dbarma ondlng ago wbo wl|| want to dovo|op tbolr Bodbl
mlnds and to troad tbo Patb ol tbo Supromo Voblc|o. Ho sald
to nanda and tbo assomb|: `As ou aro dotormlnod to do-
vo|op tbo Bodbl mlnd and practlso tbo Tatb5gata`s Sam5dbl
tlro|oss|, ou sbou|d llrst ascortaln tbo two doclslvo lactors ln
tbo dovo|opmont ol our mlnd. Wbat aro tbo
The subjective mind in the meditation
`nanda, as ou docldo to glvo up tbo stato ol a sr5vaka to
practlso wltb tbo Bodblsattva Voblc|o ln ordor to possoss tbo
Buddba`s A||-Wlsdom, ou sbou|d soo c|oar| ll tbo causo-
ground (usod as) a polnt ol doparturo and lts lrult-ground
(l.o. roa|lzatlon) aro compatlb|o or not. nanda, ll ou uso
our wor|d| mlnd as a causa| polnt ol doparturo, ou wl|| lal|
ln our soarcb lor tbo Buddba Voblc|o wblcb ls boond blrtb
and doatb. Tboroloro, ou sbou|d lnqulro lnto a|| tbo croa-
tlons (ol tbo mlnd) wblcb ln tbls matorla| wor|d aro suboct to
cbango and dostructlon. nanda, wblcb ono ol tbom doos
not doca Yot ou bavo novor board tbat spaco can porlsb.
Wb Bocauso lt ls not a croatod tblng.
The objective phenomena in the meditation
`ln our bod, tbat wblcb ls so|ld ls tbo o|omont ol oartb, tbat
wblcb ls |lquld ls tbo o|omont ol wator, tbat wblcb ls warm ls
4S
tbo o|omont ol llro and tbat wblcb movos ls tbo o|omont ol
wlnd. Tboso lour rostralnlng o|omonts dlvldo our puro, por-
loct, abso|uto and on|lgbtonod Bodbl lnto soolng, boarlng,
knowlng and dlscornlng: bonco tbo llvo turbld condltlons
(kas5a) lrom tbo boglnnlng to tbo ond.
`Wbat ls turbldlt nanda, tako lor lnstanco c|oar
wator wblcb ls so b naturo, and dust, oartb, asbos and sand
wblcb aro obstructlvo b naturo. ll somoono tbrows oartb
and dust lnto c|oar wator, tbo lormor wl|| |oso tbolr obstruc-
tlvo qua|ltlos and tbo |attor lts c|oarnoss: tbo rosu|t ls dlrt
wator wblcb ls ca||od turbld. Your llvo turbld condltlons aro
|lko tbat dlrt wator.
7
`nanda, wbon ou soo spaco ln tbo ton dlroctlons, our
porcoptlon and tbo vold aro lnsoparab|o, and slnco tbo vold ls
bodl|oss and our porcoptlon unon|lgbtonod, botb unlto lnto
ono la|sonoss wblcb ls tbo llrst |aor, ca||od turbld ka|pa.
`Your bod ls mado ol lour o|omonts wblcb |lmlt our
mlnd and dlvldo lt lnto soolng, boarlng, loo|lng and knowlng:
tbo unlon ol wator, llro, wlnd and oartb wltb our loo|lng and
knowlng bogots anotbor la|sonoss wblcb ls tbo socond |aor,
ca||od turbld vlows.
`Your roco||octlon and bablts glvo rlso to lnto||octlon
7. Tbls sbows tbo orlgln ol blrtb and doatb, bonco tbo two doclslvo lactors ol tbo polnt ol doparturo.
Tbo Buddba was about to toacb tbo corroct practlco b moans ol tbo truo Mlnd, wblcb ls boond
blrtb and doatb, as tbo maln causo. Tboroloro, Ho spoko llrst ol tbo llvo condltlons ol turbldlt ln
sams5ra, moanlng tbat blrtb and doatb can bo |ookod lnto to roa|lzo tbo Uncroato, tbat ls tbo llvo
aggrogatos can bo usod lor modltatlon to wln tbo Dbarmak5a. For do|uslon comos lrom tbo
transmutatlon ol tbo Ono Mlnd lnto karmlc consclousnoss, ol (5|aa`s) porcoptlon lnto lorm and
mlnd, and ol lorm and mlnd lnto tbo llvo aggrogatos, bonco tbo dlvlslon lnto organs, sonso data and
consclousnossos. Tbo llvo aggrogatos aro, tboroloro, tbo orlgln ol sams5ra. Now wbon roturnlng
la|sonoss to Roa|lt, ll tbo llvo aggrogatos tbat mako up bod and mlnd aro not |ookod lnto, tboro ls
no otbor wa lor rlgbt practlco. Honco tbo modltatlvo stud ol tbo llvo aggrogatos ls tbo gatowa to
En|lgbtonmont. ln tbo abovo toxt, tbo Buddba spoko ol tbo llvo condltlons ol turbldlt as tbo orlgln
ol blrtb and doatb, and ln tbo lo||owlng paragrapbs Ho gavo a lu||or doscrlptlon ol tbom.
4
wblcb rosponds to tbo slx sonso data. Tbls lnto||oct bas no ln-
dopondont lorm apart lrom tbo obocts ol sonso and ls
dovold ol naturo apart lrom porcoptlon: lt unltos wltb sonso
data, to bocomo anotbor la|sonoss wblcb is tbo tblrd |aor,
ca||od turbld passlons (k|osa).
`ln tbo ond|oss rlso and la|| ol l||uslons ln sams5ra our ln-
to||oct ls lntont on stalng ln tbo wor|d wboroas our karma lorcos
ou to transmlgrato lrom p|aco to p|aco: tbo tbus unlto lnto an-
otbor la|sonoss wblcb ls tbo lourtb |aor, ca||od turbld bolng.
`Fundamonta|| our soolng and boarlng aro b naturo
tbo samo but, bolng |lmltod b sonso data, tbo dogonorato
lnto two soparato (lacu|tlos): tbo aro awaro ol oacb otbor
wltbln tbolr (common) naturo but dlllor ln tbolr lunctlons. As
a rosu|t tbo aro (as lt woro) upsldo down and unlto lnto an-
otbor la|sonoss wblcb ls tbo llltb |aor, ca||od turbld |llo.
S
S. Tbo llvo condltlons ol turbldlt aro croatod b tbo llvo aggrogatos. As a man undor do|uslon
translorms bls baslc Bodbl naturo lnto lorm and mlnd, bo bocomos a buman bolng mado ol llvo
aggrogatos tborob po||utlng bls Truo Mlnd: bonco tbo llvo klnds ol turbldlt.
At llrst, (5|aa`s) porcoptlon and du|| voldnoss unltod to bocomo tbo llrst aggrogato lorm
(rupa), ust as wbon c|oar wator ls mlxod wltb oartb and dust lt bocomos turbld. Tbls was tbo orlgln
ol tbo aggrogato ol lorm wblcb contlnuod lor a porlod ol tlmo, bonco tbo turbld ka|pa (ln contrast
wltb tbo tlmo|oss puro Roa|lt).
Turbld (or dotorloratod) vlows corrospond wltb tbo socond aggrogato vodan5, or tbo rospon-
slvonoss ol tbo (llrst) llvo consclousnossos wblcb c|lng to tbo bod mado ol lour o|omonts, wblcb
doos not oxlst lundamonta|| but dlvldos tbo Truo Mlnd lnto soolng, boarlng, loo|lng and knowlng.
Tbo unknowing Bodbl Mlnd ls tbus translormod lnto tbo knowing ogo, bonco tbo turbld vlows
wblcb rlso and la|| wltbout lntorruptlon.
Turbld passlon (k|osa) corrosponds to tbo tblrd aggrogato sa5, wblcb ls tbo slxtb consclous-
noss tbat tblnks wrong|. A|tbougb k|osa bas no naturo ol lts own and wrong tblnklng ls ossontla||
non-oxlstont, our roco||octlon and bablts glvo rlso to tbougbts ol provlous| soon and known
obocts, bonco tbo manllostatlon ol tbo slx sonso data wblcb cannot bo lound ln tbo Truo Mlnd.
Turbld bolng corrosponds wltb tbo lourtb aggrogato samsk5ra. Fundamonta|| a |lvlng bolng ls
l||usor and non-oxlstont but our wrong tblnklng ls ond|oss and novor stops, bonco our doslro to
sta ln tbls l||usor wor|d wboroln our contlnuod karmlc actlvltlos causo ou to transmlgrato
tbrougb a|| roa|ms ol oxlstonco.
Turbld |llo corrosponds wltb tbo llltb aggrogato vl5na. Lllo doos not roa|| oxlst but our truo
naturo ls dlvldod b tbo lour o|omonts lnto soolng, boarlng, loo|lng and knowlng wblcb arlso lrom a
slng|o undor|lng substanco but lunctlon soparato|. Tbls vl5na c|lngs to lorm and mlnd as tbo
basls ol lts oxlstonco, bonco turbld |llo.
Tboso llvo turbld condltlons do not oxlst ln tbo Bodbl Mlnd wblcb ls po||utod b tbo llvo
aggrogatos, bonco tbo llvo turbldltlos wblcb aro tbo orlgln ol do|uslon.
50
The point of departure
`nanda, ll ou wlsb to brlng our soolng, boarlng, loo|lng
and knowlng lnto |lno wltb tbo Tatb5gata`s abso|uto Etornlt,
B|lss, So|l and Purlt, ou sbou|d llrst plck out tbo root ol
blrtb and doatb, and turn lts wor|d| la|sonoss back to lts un-
wor|d| prolound naturo untl| lt ls subduod and rovorts to
Baslc Bodbl, and tbon uso tbls puro naturo as tbo causa|
mlnd-ground (l.o. as tbo polnt ol doparturo) to porloct our
practlco and roa|lzatlon ol tbo lrult-ground.
64. Cl. Cb`an and Zon Toacblng, Tblrd Sorlos, p. 27S, noto 3, lor a doscrlptlon ol tbo olgbt c|assos ol
splrlts wbo a|was camo wbon tbo Buddba proacbod tbo Dbarma.
23
V
The Enlightenment of Others
nanda adustod bls robo, brougbt bls pa|ms togotbor and
prostratod blmso|l wltb bls boad at tbo loot ol tbo Buddba.
Ho roolcod at bls good undorstandlng ol tbo mlnd and, lor
tbo bonollt ol comlng gonoratlons, bowod agaln and sald: `O
groat Compasslonato and Wor|d Honourod Ono, l bavo now
awakonod to tbo Dbarma gatowa to Buddbabood b moans
ol rlgbt practlco about wblcb l bavo no moro doubt. l bavo
a|was board tbo Buddba spoak ol Bodblsattvas wbo, boloro
tbolr own |lboratlon, sot tbolr mlnds on lroolng otbors, and ol
Buddbas wbo, altor tbolr own comp|oto on|lgbtonmont, ap-
poarod ln tbo wor|d to on|lgbton otbors. Tbougb l am not ot
|lboratod, l now vow to do|lvor a|| |lvlng bolngs ln tbo Dbarma
ondlng ago.
`Wor|d Honourod Ono, luturo gonoratlons wl|| gradu-
a|| movo lartbor awa lrom tbo Buddba and (wl|| moot)
borotlcs as man as tbo sand gralns ln tbo Gangos. ln ordor
to contro| tbolr mlnds lor ontr lnto Sam5dbl, wbat sbou|d
tbo do to sot up soats ol stud and |oarnlng (bodblmanda|a)
to koop tbo domon awa and avold lal|uro (ln tbolr cu|tlva-
tlon) ol tbo mlnd sot on on|lgbtonmont`
Tbo Buddba pralsod nanda and sald: `Exco||ont,
nanda, oxco||ont, (lt ls good tbat) ou ask about tbo sottlng
up ol bodblmanda|as lor tbo protoctlon ol |lvlng bolngs
24
agalnst lal|uro ln tbo Dbarma ondlng ago. Llston attontlvo|
to wbat l now to|| ou.`
nanda and tbo assomb| rovoront| awaltod tbo (bo|)
toacblng.
Discipline & its Three Decisive Steps:
la, Dhyna, & Prajna
Tbo Buddba sald: `nanda, ou bavo a|was board mo
toacb about dlsclp|lno (vlnaa) wblcb conslsts ln tbo prac-
tlco ol tbroo doclslvo stops, tbo contro| ol mlnd, ca||od si|a
wblcb |oads to stl||noss (db5na) and tbonco to wlsdom
(pra5). Tbls ls ca||od tbo tbroolo|d stud ol tbo supramun-
dano wa.
Prohibition against carnality
`nanda, wb ls contro| ol mlnd ca||od si|a ll a|| |lvlng bolngs
ln tbo slx wor|ds ol oxlstonco abstaln lrom soxua| doslro, tbo
wl|| not bo suboct to tbo contlnua| round ol blrtbs and
doatbs. Your practlco ol Sam5dbl sbou|d lroo ou lrom do-
ll|omonts but tbo cannot bo o|lmlnatod ll our |ustlu| mlnd
ls not wlpod out. Evon altor ou bavo acqulrod sucb wlsdom,
ll ou lal| to kl|| sonsua|lt, tbon wbon db5na manllosts,
65
ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo wa ol domons ln wblcb tbolr klng takos
tbo blgb, bls ma|o subocts tbo mldd|o and bls loma|o subocts
tbo |ow rank. Tboso domons bavo tbolr lo||owlng and boast
65. Tbls ls tbo wor|d| db5na. Cl. Cb`an and Zon Toacblng, Tblrd Sorlos, p. 44, noto , lor tbo tbroo
klnds ol db5na.
25
ol bavlng attalnod tbo Supromo Patb. Altor m nlrv5na, ln
tbo Dbarma ondlng ago, tboso subocts ol M5ra wl|| bo lound
ovorwboro, wl|| oncourago sonsua|lt and wl|| dlsgulso
tbomso|vos as mon ol good counso| (ka|5namltras) and
causo |lvlng bolngs to la|| lnto tbo plt ol |ust tborob mlsslng
tbo Bodbl patb.
`You sbou|d toacb wor|d| mon wbo practlso Sam5dbl
to cut oll tbolr |ustlu| mlnds at tbo vor start. Tbls ls ca||od tbo
Buddba`s prolound toacblng ol tbo llrst doclslvo dood.
Tboroloro, nanda, ll carna|lt ls not wlpod out, tbo practlco
ol db5na ls |lko cooklng gravo| to mako rlco, ovon ll lt ls
bol|od lor bundrods and tbousands ol aoons, lt wl|| bo on|
bot gravo|. Wb Bocauso lnstoad ol rlco gralns lt contalns
on| stonos. ll ou sot our |ustlu| mlnd on sooklng tbo pro-
lound lrult ol Buddbabood, wbatovor ou ma roa|lzo wl|| bo
carna| b naturo. ll our root ls |ustlu|, ou wl|| bavo to trans-
mlgrato tbrougb tbroo unbapp was (to tbo bo||s ol llro,
b|ood and swords) lrom wblcb ou wl|| not oscapo. How
tbon can ou llnd tbo wa to cu|tlvato tbo Tatb5gata`s nlr-
v5na You sbou|d cut oll botb tbo sonsua| bod and mlnd
untl| ovon tbo vor ldoa ol dolng so coasos, on| tbon can ou
bopo to sook tbo Buddba`s En|lgbtonmont. Tbls toacblng ol
mlno ls tbat ol tbo Buddba wboroas an otbor ono ls tbat ol
ovl| domons (p5pl5n).
Prohibition against killing
`nanda, ll |lvlng bolngs ln tbo slx wor|ds ol oxlstonco coaso
to kl|| tbo wl|| not bo suboct to tbo contlnua| round ol blrtbs
26
and doatbs. Your practlco ol Sam5dbl sbou|d lroo ou lrom
doll|ornonts but ll our murdorous mlnd ls not cut oll, tbo
cannot bo o|lmlnatod. You ma acqulro mucb wlsdom but ll
ou lal| to stop kl||lng, wbon db5na manllosts, ou wl|| la||
lnto tbo wa ol splrlts, ln wblcb tbo blgb rank ls attalnod b
tbo mlgbt gbost (prota), tbo mldd|o ono b l|lng aksas and
cblol gbosts, and tbo |ow ono b oartb-bound r5ksasas.
Tboso bavo lo||owors and boas tbat tbo bavo attalnod tbo
Supromo Patb. Altor m nlrv5na, ln tbo Dbarma ondlng ago,
tboso gbosts wl|| bo lound tbrougbout ln tbo wor|d, and wl||
boast ol bow tbo lood on l|osb wblcb |oads tbom to roa|lzo
Bodbl. nanda, l pormlt tbo bblksus to oat on| tbo llvo
klnds ol puro l|osb
66
wblcb aro tbo product ol m transcon-
donta| powor ol translormatlon and not ol anlma| s|augbtor.
You, Brabman, |lvo ln a countr wboro vogotab|os do not
grow bocauso lt ls too damp and bot and bocauso ol a|| tbo
gravo| and rock. l uso m splrltua| powor ol compasslon to
provldo ou wltb l||usor moat to satlsl our appotlto. How
tbon, altor m nlrv5na, can ou oat tbo l|osb ol |lvlng bolngs
and so protond to bo m dlsclp|o You sbou|d know tbat
tboso wbo oat moat, tbougb tbolr mlnds ma opon and roa|-
lzo a somb|anco ol Sam5dbl, aro but groat r5ksasas wbo,
altor tbls |llo, wl|| slnk back lnto tbo blttor ocoan ol sams5ra
and cannot bo m dlsclp|os. Tbo wl|| kl|| and dovour ono
anotbor coaso|oss|, bow tbon can tbo oscapo lrom tbo
tbroo wor|ds ol oxlstonco
66. Tbo llvo klnds ol puro l|osb wblcb ma bo oaton b a boglnnor wbo doos not soo, boar ol, or doubt
about tbo anlma| bavlng boon kl||od purposo| lor blm to oat, but ls cortaln tbat lt oltbor dlod
natura|| or tbat lts l|osb bad boon abandonod b blrds ol pro.
27
`ln addltlon ou sbou|d toacb wor|d| mon wbo prac-
tlso Sam5dbl not to kl||. Tbls ls ca||od tbo Buddba`s prolound
toacblng ol tbo socond doclslvo dood. Tboroloro, nanda, ll
kl||lng ls not stoppod, tbo practlco ol db5na-sam5dbl ls |lko
sbuttlng ono`s oars wbl|o crlng ln tbo bopo tbat poop|o wl||
not boar ono`s volco, or |lko trlng to bldo somotblng tbat ls
a|road oxposod to lu|| vlow. A|| bblksus wbo |lvo puro| and
a|| Bodblsattvas a|was rolraln ovon lrom wa|klng on tbo
grass, bow can tbo agroo to uproot lt How tbon can tboso
wbo practlso groat compasslon lood on tbo l|osb and b|ood
ol |lvlng bolngs ll bblksus do not woar garmonts mado ol
(Cblnoso) sl|k, boots ol |oca| |oatbor and lurs, and rolraln
lrom consumlng ml|k, croam and buttor, tbo wl|| roa|| bo
|lboratod lrom tbo wor|d|, altor palng tbolr lormor dobts,
tbo wl|| not transmlgrato ln tbo tbroo roa|ms ol oxlstonco.
Wb Bocauso b uslng anlma| products, ono croatos causos
(wblcb aro a|was lo||owod b ollocts), ust |lko a man wbo
oats coroa|s grown ln tbo sol| and wboso loot cannot |oavo tbo
ground. ll a man can (contro|) bls bod and mlnd and tboro-
b rolralns lrom oatlng anlma| l|osb and woarlng anlma|
products, l sa bo wl|| roa|| bo |lboratod. Tbls toacblng ol
mlno ls tbat ol tbo Buddba wboroas an otbor ls tbat ol ovl|
domons.
Prohibition against stealing
`Furtbor, nanda, ll |lvlng bolngs ln tbo slx wor|ds ol oxlst-
onco coaso to stoa|, tbo wl|| not bo suboct to tbo contlnua|
round ol blrtbs and doatbs. Your practlco ol Sam5dbl sbou|d
2S
lroo ou lrom doll|omonts, but ll our robbor`s mlnd ls not
wlpod out, tbo cannot bo o|lmlnatod. You ma acqulro
mucb wlsdom but ll ou do not stop stoa|lng, wbon db5na
manllosts, ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo wa ol dovl|s ln wblcb tbo blgb
rank ls attalnod b cunnlng splrlts, tbo lntormodlato ono b
ovl| splrlts and tbo |ow ono b bodovl||od mon. Tboso dovl|s
bavo tbolr lo||owlng and boast tbat tbo attaln Supromo
Bodbl. Altor m nlrv5na, ln tbo Dbarma ondlng ago, tboso
dovl|s wl|| bo lound ovorwboro ln tbo wor|d. Tbo wl|| bldo
tbolr porlld, poso as mon ol good counso| and doc|aro tbat
tbo bavo won tbo Suporlor Dbarma to docolvo tbo lgnorant
wbo wl|| tbus |oso tbolr mlnds, wborovor tbo pass, tbo wl||
causo unto|d mlsorlos to tbolr bo|lovors.
`Tbls ls wb l toacb tbo bblksus to bog lor lood so tbat
tbo can ovorcomo cupldlt and roa|lzo Bodbl. Tbo do not
cook tbomso|vos and pass tbolr romalnlng oars as transltor
travo||ors ln tbo tbroo roa|ms ol oxlstonco to provo tbolr |ast
transmlgratlon wltbout lncarnatlng agaln. How can tblovos
wbo woar tbo Sangba robo, act as Tatb5gata-mongors
67
and commlt karmlc doods, c|alm tbat tbo a|| proacb tbo
Buddba Dbarma Tbo aro not (truo) |oavors ol bomo and
aro not ordalnod Hina5na bblksus. Tbo docolvo an lnca|-
cu|ab|o numbor ol |lvlng bolngs causlng tbom to la|| lnto tbo
roa|m ol unlntormlttont bo||s.
`Altor m nlrv5na, ll tboro ls a bblksu wbo, ln tokon ol
bls dotormlnatlon to practlso Sam5dbl, |lgbts ln lront ol an
67. Tbls torm ls lroquont| lound ln Buddblst Scrlpturos and moans an unscrupu|ous porson wbo
knows notblng about tbo Dbarma but posos as an oxport ln Mab55na to wln lamo and mako
mono.
2
lmago ol tbo Tatb5gata a torcb (p|antod ln bls bod) or burns
a bono ol bls llngor or an lnconso stlck lnsortod ln bls l|osb, l
sa bo wl|| tbus ropa a|| bls karmlc dobts slnco tbo tlmo wltb-
out boglnnlng, wl|| |oavo tbo wor|d| wa lor ovor and wl||
oscapo lrom tbo stroam ol transmlgratlon, lor a|tbougb bo
bas not ot attalnod Supromo Bodbl, bls mlnd ls a|road sot
doclslvo| on tbo Dbarma. Howovor, wltbout tboso sma||
sacrlllcos, ovon ll bo roa|lzos somotblng, bo wl|| bo roborn as
a buman bolng and wl|| bavo to ropa bls lormor dobts, as l
dld wbon l bad to oat tbo graln lod to borsos.
6S
`Tbon ou sbou|d toacb wor|d| mon wbo practlso
Sam5dbl not to stoa|. Tbls ls ca||od tbo Buddba`s prolound
toacblng ol tbo tblrd doclslvo dood. nanda, ll stoa|lng ls not
stoppod, tbo practlco ol db5na-sam5dbl ls |lko pourlng
wator lnto a vosso| wblcb wl|| novor bo|d lt ln splto ol tbo
passlng ol aoons count|oss as dust. ll tbls bblksu doos not
koop garmonts ln oxcoss ol wbat bo noods, glvos to otbors
a|| lood ln oxcoss ol bls roqulromont, olns bls two pa|ms to
sa|uto tbo communlt and rogards as pralso abuso and
b|ows - tbat ls ll bo ls road to glvo awa bls own l|osb,
bonos and b|ood, and ll bo doos not poso as an oxport lntor-
protor ol tbo oxpodlont lncomp|oto doctrlno and doos not
toacb lt to boglnnors ln ordor not to mls|oad tbom,
6
tbo
Buddba wl|| soa| bls roa|lzatlon ol Sam5dbl. Tbls toacblng ol
mlno ls tbat ol tbo Buddba, wboroas an otbor ls tbat ol ovl|
domons.
6S. Tbo Buddba`s lood wbon bo spont tbroo montbs wltb tbo Brabmln ru|or Agnldatta wltb llvo
bundrod monks, ono ol bls ton sullorlngs.
6. Hina5na sbou|d novor bo taugbt to tboso wbo aro rosponslvo on| to Mab55na and vlco-vorsa.
220
Prohibition against lying
`nanda, ll |lvlng bolngs ln tbo slx wor|ds ol oxlstonco, altor
c|oanslng tbolr bodlos and mlnds lrom kl||lng, stoa|lng and
carna|lt, contlnuo to |lo, tbo wl|| lal| to roa|lzo Sam5dbl and
wl|| bocomo domons (ll||od wltb) prldo and proudlco. As a ro-
su|t, tbo wl|| |oso tbo Tatb5gata sood and, ln tbolr soarcb lor
wor|d| lamo, wl|| c|alm tbat tbo bavo acblovod and roa|lzod
wbat roa|| tbo bavo not. Tbo boast ol tbolr roa|lzatlon ol
tbo statos ol srota-5panna, sakrd5g5mln, an5g5mln, arbat
and pratoka-buddba and tbo ton stagos ol Bodblsattva do-
vo|opmont, ln ordor to attract bo|lovors wbo wl|| mako ollor-
lngs to tbom lor tbo atonomont ol slns. Tboso unbo|lovors
(lccbantlka) wl|| dostro tbo Buddba sood as oasl| as cuttlng
lnto tbo trunk ol a pa|m wltb a sbarp cboppor (to stop lt lrom
growlng). Tbo Buddba prodlcts tbat tboso poop|o wl|| dostro
tbolr oxco||ont roots, wl|| not rogaln common sonso, wl|| slnk
lnto tbo tbroo ocoans (roa|ms) ol sullorlng and wl|| novor
acblovo Sam5dbl.
`l now command Bodblsattvas and Arbats to appoar, ln
tbo Dbarma ondlng ago altor m nlrv5na, ln a|| approprlato
translormatlon bodlos to savo tboso caugbt ln tbo wboo| ol
sams5ra. Tbo sbou|d como as monks, |a dlsclp|os, prlncos,
mlnlstors, bos, glr|s, and ovon as prostltutos, wldows,
roguos, tblovos, butcbors, pod|ars, otc., to koop compan
wltb tbom and pralso tbo Buddba Dbarma ln tbolr prosonco
so as to convort tbom and urgo tbom to practlso lt. ln so dolng
tbo sbou|d not dlsc|oso tbat tbo aro truo Bodblsattvas and
Arbats. Tbo wl|| not rovoa| to boglnnors tbo Buddba`s oso-
22
torlc causo but wbon tbo aro about to dlo, tbo wl|| socrot|
sbow somo prool ol tbolr on|lgbtonmont (to lncroaso tbolr
dlsclp|os` laltb ln tbo Dbarma). How tbon can sucb porsons
docolvo |lvlng bolngs b to||lng do|lborato |los
`You sbou|d toacb wor|d| mon wbo practlso Sam5dbl
not to |lo. Tbls ls ca||od tbo Buddba`s prolound toacblng ol
tbo lourtb doclslvo dood. nanda, ll |lng ls not stoppod, tbo
practlco ol db5na-sam5dbl ls |lko coplng ln oxcromont a
sanda|wood statuo and oxpoctlng lt to bo lragrant, wblcb ls
lmposslb|o. l toacb tbo bblksus to dovo|op a stralgbtlorward
mlnd wblcb ls tbo tomp|o ol on|lgbtonmont (bodblmanda|a)
and to bo rlgbtoous ln tbolr common acts ol dal| |llo, wbl|o
wa|klng, standlng, slttlng and roc|lnlng. How can a |lar pro-
tond tbat bo bas roa|lzod tbo Supromo Dbarma Tbls ls |lko a
poor man proc|almlng blmso|l a klng, bo wl|| on| lnvlto trou-
b|o and mlslortuno. Stl|| |oss can bo usurp tbo (tbrono ol tbo)
Klng ol tbo Law. ll tbo causa| ground ls la|so, lts lrult wl|| bo
dlstortod, and tbo quost ol Buddba`s En|lgbtonmont wl||
bocomo lmposslb|o.
`ll a bblksu (dovo|ops) a mlnd as stralgbt as a |uto-strlng
and ls trutblu| undor a|| clrcumstancos, bo wl|| avold, ln bls
practlco ol Sam5dbl, a|| troub|os causod b tbo domon. l wl||
soa| bls roa|lzatlon ol tbo Bodblsattva`s Supromo Bodbl. Tbls
toacblng ol mlno ls tbat ol tbo Buddba wboroas an otbor
ono ls tbat ol ovl| domons.`
222
VI
Bodhisattva Development into
Buddhahood
nanda roso lrom bls soat, prostratod blmso|l wltb bls boad
at tbo loot ol tbo Buddba and sald: `Wo woro lgnorant and
sougbt on| (know|odgo b) |lstonlng, tbls ls wb wo lal|od to
lorsako tbo wor|d| mlnd. Now altor wo bavo board wltb
groat bonollt tbo Buddba`s compasslonato lnstructlon on tbo
rlgbt practlco ol sub|lmatlon, our bodlos and mlnds oxporl-
onco groat comlort. Wor|d Honourod Ono, ln tbls practlco ol
Buddba Sam5dbl and boloro attalnlng Nlrv5na, wbat aro tbo
progrosslvo stops lrom tbo manllostatlon ol dr (l.o. unlortl-
|lzod) wlsdom, tbrougb tbo lort-lour stagos ol Bodblsattva
dovo|opmont, to tbo roa|lzatlon ol Unlvorsa| En|lgbtonmont`
Altor salng tbls, bo prostratod blmso|l and togotbor
wltb tbo wbo|o assomb| rovoront| starod at tbo Buddba and
awaltod Hls compasslonato volco.
Tbo Buddba pralsod nanda and sald: `Exco||ont, ox-
co||ont! lt ls good tbat, on boba|l ol tbls assomb| and ol a||
|lvlng bolngs ln tbo Dbarma ondlng ago wbo wl|| practlso
Sam5dbl ln tbolr quost ol Mab55na, ou can ask lor m ln-
structlon on tbo unsurpassod Patb lrom tbo wor|d| condltlon
to (transcondonta|) Parlnlrv5na. Llston attontlvo| to wbat l
now to|| ou.`
nanda and tbo assomb| brougbt tbolr pa|ms togotbor
and concontratod tbolr mlnds to rocolvo tbo Toacblng.
223
The Tathgata Store from which Arise
Both Sasra & Nirva
Tbo Buddba sald: `nanda, ou sbou|d know tbat tbo abso-
|uto naturo ls comp|oto| on|lgbtonod, lt ls boond namo and
lorm and ls lundamonta|| lroo lrom oltbor tbo wor|d or |lvlng
bolngs. Bocauso ol lgnoranco, tboro arlsos blrtb wblcb ls lo|-
|owod b doatb. So blrtb and doatb aro unroa| and tbo wlp-
lng out ol tbo unroa| brlngs about tbo roa| wblcb ls ca||od
Supromo Bodbl and Parlnlrv5na. Honco tboso torms lmp|
tbo twolo|d transmutatlon (ol k|osa and sams5ra lnto Bodbl
and Nlrv5na). nanda, ll ou now wlsb to acblovo tbo stato
ol Sam5dbl ln ordor dlroct| to roacb tbo Tatb5gata`s Parl-
nlrv5na, ou sbou|d know llrst tbo two lnvortod causos wblcb
|oad to tbo oxlstonco ol |lvlng bolngs and tbo wor|d. Tbo non-
rlslng ol tboso lnvorslons ls tbo Tatb5gata`s truo stato ol
Sam5dbl.
The Origin of Living Beings & the World
`nanda, wbat aro tboso two lnvorslons Bocauso ol tbo
mlnd`s (arbltrar) awaronoss ol tbo (undor|lng) brlgbt
naturo, tbo |attor wblcb ls lundamonta|| on|lgbtonod bo-
comos an oboctlvo (lorm) as opposod to a la|so (porcop-
tlon). Tbus lrom lundamonta| notblngnoss arlsos actua|
pbonomonon. (Tboroloro), tbo oxlstonco (ol lgnoranco) and
lts croatlon (ol tbo wor|d and |lvlng bolngs), tbo causo|oss
causo ol suboctlvo (lgnoranco) and lts oboctlvo croatlon,
224
and suboctlvo (|lvlng bolngs) dwo||lng ln tbolr oboctlvo
abodo (tbo wor|d) bavo no roa| basls. From (Roa|lt) wblcb
doos not abldo anwboro sprlng tbo wor|d and |lvlng bolngs.
The Inverted Cause of the Existence of Living Beings
`(Wbat ls tbo lnvortod causo ol tbo soomlng oxlstonco ol |lvlng
bolngs) Tbo lau|t awaronoss ol comp|oto| on|lgbtonod
naturo croatos a la|sobood wblcb bas noltbor naturo nor
basls. ll ou wlsb to rostoro tbo roa|, tbls vor wlsb (portalns
to tbo samsarlc mlnd and) ls not ro|atod to abso|uto naturo. ll
tbo unroa| mlnd ls usod to rocovor roa| naturo, tbo |attor wl||
bo unroa| and ol nocosslt tboro lo||ow l||usor blrtb and ox-
lstonco as wo|| as unroa| mlnd and dbarma wblcb wl|| unlo|d
ond|oss| and wl|| galn ln lntonslt tborob croatlng (now)
karma and so rosponsos lrom tboso sbarlng tbo samo karma.
Tbls karmlc rosponslvonoss |oads to tbo lntordopondonco ol
blrtbs and doatbs. Honco tbo lnvortod causo ol tbo soomlng
oxlstonco ol |lvlng bolngs.
The Inverted Cause of the Existence of the World
`nanda, wbat ls tbo lnvortod causo ol tbo wor|d (l.o. tbo
roa|m ol spaco and tlmo) Bocauso ol tbo l||usor oxlstonco
(ol lgnoranco) and lts croatlon (ol tbo wor|d and |lvlng bo-
lngs) tboro arlsos tbo morta| |ot c|lnglng to spaco. Bocauso ol
tbo causo|oss causo ol suboctlvo (lgnoranco) and lts oboc-
tlvo croatlon and bocauso ol suboctlvo (|lvlng bolngs) dwo||-
lng ln tbolr oboctlvo abodo, a|| unlo|dlng contlnuous| and
225
transltorl|, tlmo arlsos. Tbus tbo tbroo aspocts ol tlmo and
tbo lour cardlna| polnts ol spaco lntormlng|o and comblno to
produco tbo two|vo (3 x 4) catogorlos ol bolngs.
The Twelve Types of Transformation
`Tboroloro, ln tbo wor|d, movomont |oads to sound, sound to
lorm, lorm to smo||, smo|| to toucb, toucb to tasto, and tasto
to tbougbts (dbarma). Tboso slx l||uslons contrlbuto to tbo
lormatlon ol karma wblcb causos tbo dlvlslon lnto two|vo (l.o.
slx l||uslons oacb lor bod and mlnd) dllloront tpos ol
cbango. Honco tbo wboo| turnlng ln sams5ra wboroln tboso
l||usor sonso data ond ln two|vo dllloront translormatlons ln
oacb rotatlon (l.o. oacb la|so tbougbt turns tbo wboo| and
contrlbutos to tboso two|vo tpos ol blrtbs).
The Twelve Groups of Living Beings
`Sucb lnvorslon tbat turns tbo wboo| ol sams5ra, croatos
(two|vo groups ol) spoclos born ol oggs, wombs, bumldlt,
and b translormatlon, bavlng lorms, bolng boond lorm,
tbougbtlu| or tbougbt|oss, bavlng noltbor lorm nor no lorm
and bolng noltbor tbougbtlu| nor tbougbt|oss.
`nanda, bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol l||uslon ln
(oboctlvo) sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b (sub-
octlvo) stlrrlng mlnds, botb suboct and oboct aro ln bar-
mon and comblno to produco lavourab|o condltlons lor
S4,000 rlslng and slnklng conlusod tbougbts wblcb lorm tbo
ombros (ka|a|a) ln oggs lor lncarnatlon as llsbos, blrds, tur-
226
t|os, snakos, otc.: tbo aro lound ln p|ont a|| ovor tbo wor|d.
(Tbls ls blrtb lrom oggs.)
`Bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol mora| lnloctlon ln (ob-
octlvo) sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b (suboc-
tlvo) sonsua| mlnds, botb suboct and oboct sustaln oacb
otbor and comblno to produco lavourab|o condltlons lor
S4,000 conluslng dlvorgont tbougbts wblcb bocomo lootusos
(arbuda) ln tbo wombs lor lncarnatlon as mon, anlma|s,
dragons, lmmorta| bolngs, otc., tbo aro lound ln p|ont a||
ovor tbo wor|d. (Tbls ls blrtb lrom wombs.)
`Bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol attacbmont ln (oboc-
tlvo) sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b (suboctlvo)
cravlng mlnds, botb suboct and oboct lnl|amo oacb otbor
and comblno to produco lavourab|o condltlons lor S4,000
vacl||atlng conlusod tbougbts wblcb bocomo damp ombros
(posi) ln bumldlt lor lncarnatlon as craw|lng lnsocts and
wrlgg|lng worms, tbo aro lound ln p|ont a|| ovor tbo wor|d.
(Tbls ls blrtb lrom bumldlt.)
`Bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol cbango ln (oboctlvo)
sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b (suboctlvo) docolt-
lu| mlnds, botb suboct and oboct stlmu|ato oacb otbor and
comblno to produco lavourab|o condltlons lor S4,000
cbanglng conlusod tbougbts taklng tbo sbapo ol so|ld |umps
(gbana) lor lncarnatlon as bolngs wblcb sbod tbolr sklns,
cbango tbolr lorms and l|, tbo aro lound ln p|ont a|| ovor
tbo wor|d. (Tbls ls blrtb b translormatlon.)
`Bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol stlll dlsposltlons ln
(oboctlvo) sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b (sub-
227
octlvo) blndorlng mlnds, botb suboct and oboct adboro and
comblno to produco lavourab|o condltlons lor S4,000 mstl-
ca|, trans|ucont and conlusod tbougbts wblcb tako so|ld lorm
to lncarnato as poop|o wboso |umlnous qua|lt lorobodos
good and ovl|, tbo aro lound ln p|ont a|| ovor tbo wor|d.
(Tboso aro borotlcs and mstlcs bavlng lorms.)
`Bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol dlsslpatlng dlsposl-
tlons ln (oboctlvo) sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b
(suboctlvo) do|udod mlnds, botb suboct and oboct unlto
wltb du||noss and comblno to produco lavourab|o condltlons
lor S4,000 conluslng mstorlous tbougbts lor lorm|oss ro-
blrtb as bolngs (wboso bodlos and mlnds) aro dlsso|vod ln tbo
groat omptlnoss, tbo aro lound ln p|ont a|| ovor tbo wor|d.
(Tboso aro lorm|oss bolngs.)
`Bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol lancllu| dlsposltlons ln
(oboctlvo) sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b (sub-
octlvo) lmaglnatlvo mlnds, botb suboct and oboct unlto wltb
roco||octlon and comblno to produco lavourab|o condltlons
lor S4,000 |atont and llrm| conlusod tbougbts to bo roborn
as gbosts or splrlts ol tbougbtlu| bolngs, tbo aro lound ln
p|ont a|| ovor tbo wor|d. (Tboso aro tbougbtlu| bolngs.)
`Bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol du|| dlsposltlons ln
(oboctlvo) sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b (sub-
octlvo) stupld mlnds, botb suboct and oboct c|lng to lntract-
ab|onoss and comblno to produco lavourab|o condltlons lor
S4,000 conluslng |llo|oss tbougbts lor roblrtb as splrlts dwo||-
lng ln oartb, troos, mota|s and stonos,
70
tbo aro tbougbt|oss
70. o.g. bronzo and stono statuos.
22S
bolngs tbat aro lound ln p|ont a|| ovor tbo wor|d. (Tboso aro
tbougbt|oss bolngs.)
`Bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol parasltlc dlsposltlons
ln (oboctlvo) sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b (sub-
octlvo) gul|olu| mlnds, suboct and oboct lnloct oacb otbor
and comblno to produco lavourab|o condltlons lor S4,000
conluslng commonsa| tbougbts lor roblrtb as bolngs wbo aro
lorm|oss, ot bavo lorm, sucb as o||-llsb wblcb uso sbrlmps
as tbolr oos, tbo aro lound ln p|ont a|| ovor tbo wor|d.
(Tboso aro bolngs wblcb aro boond, ot bavo, lorm.)
`Bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol soductlvo dlsposltlons
ln (oboctlvo) sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b (sub-
octlvo) artlu| mlnds, botb suboct and oboct ro| on (maglc
and) spo||s and comblno to produco lavourab|o condltlons
lor S4,000 ontroatlng conlusod tbougbts lor roblrtb as bolngs
wltb lorm, ot lorm|oss, wbo grow woar ol wltcbcralt, tbo
aro lound ln p|ont a|| ovor tbo wor|d. (Tboso aro bolngs wltb
lorm, ot boond lorm.)
`Bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol docoltlu| dlsposltlons
ln (oboctlvo) sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b
(suboctlvo) trlck mlnds, botb suboct and oboct comblno to
produco lavourab|o condltlons lor S4,000 lntorcbanglng
conlusod tbougbts to bo roborn as tbougbtlu| ot tbougbt|oss
bolngs, sucb as wasps wblcb mlstako |arvao ol otbor lnsocts
lor tbolr own, tbo aro lound ln p|ont a|| ovor tbo wor|d.
(Tboso aro tbougbtlu|, ot tbougbt|oss bolngs.)
`Bocauso ol tbo turnlng wboo| ol rovongolu| dlsposl-
tlons ln (oboctlvo) sams5ra as a rosu|t ol lnvorslon causod b
22
(suboctlvo) murdorous mlnds, botb suboct and oboct unlto
ln wblms and comblno to produco lavourab|o condltlons lor
S4,000 lantastlc tbougbts ol parrlcldo and matrlcldo to bo
roborn as bolngs wbo aro tbougbt|oss, ot tbougbtlu|, sucb as
cortaln ow|s and tlgors wblcb rospoctlvo| dovour tbolr motb-
ors and latbors, tbo aro lound ln p|ont a|| ovor tbo wor|d.
(Tboso aro tbougbt|oss, ot tbougbtlu|, bolngs.)
Transmutation of Sasra into Nirva
`Tbus, nanda, oacb ol tboso spoclos bas lts two|vo klnds ol
lnvorslon wblcb, |lko danclng l|owors soon wbon ono rubs
ono`s oos, ovorturn tbo porloct and puro En|lgbtonod Mlnd
and causo wrong tblnklng. As ou now practlso tbo Buddba-
Sam5dbl, ou sbou|d tako tbroo gradua| stops to doa| wltb tbo
baslc causos ol stlrrlng tbougbts ln ordor to wlpo tbom out.
Tbls ls |lko romovlng polsonous bono lrom a pot b uslng bot
wator mlxod wltb asbos to c|oanso tbo contalnor, on| wbon
tbo |attor ls comp|oto| c|oan can lt bo usod to bo|d ambrosla.
The Three Gradual Steps to Wipe Out Sasra
`Wbat aro tboso tbroo gradua| stops (Tbo aro:) tbo contrlb-
utor practlco to romovo a|| accossor causos, tbo maln prac-
tlco to ob|ltorato tbo baslc causos and tbo progrosslvo practlco
to stop tbo growtb ol karma.
`Wbat aro tbo accossor causos nanda, tboso two|vo
spoclos ln, tbo wor|d owo tbolr oxlstonco to lour was ol lood-
230
lng: b oatlng,
7
toucblng,
72
tblnklng about
73
and bolng
consclous ol lood.
74
Tboroloro, tbo Buddba sas tbat a||
|lvlng bolngs dopond on loodlng lor tbolr sta (ln sams5ra).
`nanda, a|| bolngs |lvo ll tbo oat wbo|osomo lood and
dlo ll tbo tako polson. ln tbolr soarcb lor Sam5dbl, tbo
sbou|d abstaln lrom oatlng llvo klnds ol pungont roots (l.o.
gar|lc, tbo tbroo klnds ol onlons and |ooks), ll oaton cookod,
tbo aro apbrodlslac and ll raw, tbo causo lrrltabl|lt.
A|tbougb tboso wbo oat tbom ma road tbo two|vo dlvlslons
ol tbo Mab55na canon, tbo drlvo awa soors (rsl) ln tbo ton
dlroctlons wbo abbor tbo bad odour, and attract bungr
gbosts wbo |lck tbolr |lps. Tbo aro a|was surroundod b
gbosts, and tbolr good lortuno wl|| lado awa da b da to
tbolr own dotrlmont. Wbon tboso oators ol pungont roots
practlso Sam5dbl, nono ol tbo Bodblsattvas, soors and good
splrlts como to protoct tbom, wbl|o tbo mlgbt klng ol
domons takos advantago ol tbo occaslon to appoar as a
Buddba as ll to toacb tbom tbo Dbarma, dolamlng and
broaklng tbo procopts and pralslng carna|lt, angor and stu-
pldlt, at tbolr doatb, tbo wl|| oln bls rotlnuo, and at tbo ond
ol tbolr tlmo ln bls roa|m, tbo wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont
bo||. nanda, practlsors ol Sam5dbl sbou|d novor oat tboso
llvo pungont roots. Tbls ls tbo llrst stop ol gradua| practlco.
`Wbat aro tbo baslc causos nanda, tboso practlsors
wbo wlsb to ontor tbo stato ol Sam5dbl sbou|d llrst obsorvo
7. o.g. ln tbo wor|d ol doslro wboro mon actua|| oat lood.
72. o.g. ln tbo wor|d ol gbosts and splrlts wbo on| smo|| tbo odour ol lood to satlsl tbolr bungor.
73. o.g. ln tbo db5na boavons wboro tbo moro tbougbt ol lood satlsllos bungor.
74. o.g. ln tbo lorm|oss roa|m wboro tbo moro consclousnoss ol loodlng satlsllos bungor.
23
strlct| tbo ru|os ol puro |lvlng to cut |ust lrom tbo mlnd b ab-
stalnlng lrom moat and wlno and b taklng cookod, lnstoad ol
raw lood. nanda, ll tbo do not abstaln lrom carna|lt and
kl||lng, tbo wl|| novor oscapo lrom tbo tbroo wor|ds ol oxlst-
onco. Tbo sbou|d consldor |ust as dangorous as a polsonous
snako and a doad| loo. Tbo sbou|d bogln b strlct| obsorv-
lng tbo Hina5na`s lour problbltlons lor monks and olgbt lor
nuns
75
to rogu|ato tbo bod, and tbon adboro to tbo
Bodblsattva dlsclp|lno to onsuro tbo non-stlrrlng ol mlnd. ll
tbo obsorvo tboso procopts, tbo wl|| wlpo out lorovor tbo
karma tbat |oads to blrtb and kl||lng. ll ln addltlon tbo coaso
to stoa|, tbo wl|| owo notblng to otbors and wl|| not bavo dobts
to ropa. Tboso wbo koop tbo ru|os ol puro |lvlng ln tbolr prac-
tlco ol Sam5dbl, wl|| bo ab|o to soo wltb tbolr own oos, wltb-
out tbo ald ol dova slgbt, a|| tbo wor|ds ln tbo ton dlroctlons.
Tbo wl|| bobo|d tbo Buddba proacblng tbo Dbarma, wl|| por-
sona|| rocolvo tbo bo| toacblng, wl|| wln tbo transcondonta|
powor wblcb onab|os tbom to roam lroo| ln a|| wor|ds and wl||
acqulro tbo Buddba know|odgo ol a|| lorms ol tbolr own and
otbors` provlous oxlstoncos, and so wl|| bo lmmuno lrom a||
ca|amltlos. Tbls ls tbo socond stop ol gradua| practlco.
`Wbat bappons wbon karma (no |ongor) grows Tbo
mlnds ol tboso practlsors wbo obsorvo tbo problbltlons, now
lroo lrom sonsua| doslro, wl|| not wandor outsldo ln soarcb ol
sonso data, but roturn to tbo lnnor (mlnd). For |ack ol causa|
sonso data, tbolr organs, tbus dlsongagod lrom oxtorna|s,
75. Tbo Hina5na`s lour problbltlons agalnst carna|lt, stoa|lng, kl||lng and |lng lor monks, and lts olgbt
problbltlons lor nuns agalnst tbo abovo lour olloncos, p|us |ustlu| contact wltb a ma|o, olgbt sorts ol
lmpropor assoclatlon wltb blm |oadlng to carna|lt, concoa|lng tbo mlsconduct ol a mombor ol tbo
ordor, and lmpropor doa|lngs wltb blm or bor.
232
turn back to tbo (undlvldod) ono to wblcb, slnco tbo slx lunc-
tlons bavo coasod to dlscrlmlnato, a|| countrlos wl|| appoar
puro and c|oan. Tbls ls |lko a crsta| ba|| wltb a brlgbt moon
lnsldo lt.
76
Tbolr bodlos and mlnds wl|| oxporlonco o and
groat comlort ln tbo stato ol abso|uto and porloct lmpartla|lt
ln wblcb tbo osotorlc porloctlon and puro abso|utonoss ol a||
Tatb5gatas appoar. Tbo wl|| tbon acblovo tbo groat patlonco
ol tbo uncroato and wl|| contlnuo tbolr progross towards
salntbood. Tbls ls tbo tblrd stop ol gradua| practlco.
Progressive Advance in Bodhisattva Development
The Stage of Dry Wisdom
`nanda, tboso vlrtuous mon wl|| dr up tbolr sonsua| doslro
and dlsongago tbolr organs lrom sonso data, tbls wltborlng ol
causos stops tbo growtb ol karma. Tbo c|lnglng mlnd ls now
ompt and c|oar, bolng but unmlxod wlsdom wblcb ls porloct
and brlgbt b naturo, l||umlnlng a|| wor|ds ln tbo ton dlroc-
tlons. Tbls roa|lzatlon ol wlsdom ls ca||od tbo stago ol dr wls-
dom bocauso tbo bavo cut oll tbolr sonsua| bablts but bavo
not ot ontorod tbo Tatb5gata`s Dbarma stroam.
The Ten Stages of Bodhisattva Faith
. `(Altor roa|lzlng tbo dr wlsdom, ll) tbo uso tbolr (progros-
slvo) mlnd to |ook lnto tbo lnnormost doptb, tbo porloct and
prolound (ossonco ol mlnd) wl|| manllost. Tbls stato ol abso-
76. Tbo crsta| ba|| stands lor wlsdom wblcb wlpos out a|| doll|omonts and tbo brlgbt moon lor
on|lgbtonod mlnd.
233
|uto porloctlon |oads to tbat ol truo abso|utonoss, rosu|tlng ln
tbo pormanonco ol abso|uto laltb and tbo tota| oradlcatlon ol
a|| la|so tblnklng. Tbls ls tbo Moan ln lts truo purlt and ls
ca||od tbo stago ol Bodblsattva laltb.
2. `Tbolr laltb, tbus gonulno| acblovod, onsuros tbolr
comp|oto undorstandlng wblcb ls no moro blndorod b tbo
(llvo) aggrogatos, (two|vo) ontrancos (5atana) and (olgbt-
oon) llo|ds ol sonsos (db5tu) and tborob ombracos tbo past,
prosont and luturo. Tbus aro oxposod tbo vlclous bablts
wblcb |od to tbolr count|oss lncarnatlons ln tbo past, tbo
sma||ost dotal|s ol wblcb tbo can now romombor. Tbls ls
ca||od tbo stago ol romombranco (or unlorgotlu|noss).
3. `Tbls abso|uto porloctlon ln lts purlt causos tbo
ossontla| (wlsdom) to turn a|| vlclous bablts contractod slnco
tbo tlmo wltbout boglnnlng lnto ono brlgbt ossonco wblcb
contlnuos to advanco towards tbo roa| and tbo puro.
77
Tbls
ls ca||od tbo stago ol zoa|ous progross.
4. `Tbo ossonco ol mlnd wblcb now manllosts ls tbo
wlsdom (tbat dostros tbo darknoss ol lgnoranco). Tbls ls
ca||od tbo stago ol wlsdom.
5. `Tbls brlgbt wlsdom now sblnos upon lts own sub-
stanco ln stl||noss and prolundlt, tbus onsurlng tbo porma-
nont unlon (ol lunctlon and substanco). Tbls ls ca||od tbo
stago ol db5na.
6. `Tbo |lgbt ol db5na bocomos brlgbtor, lt ls now
moro ponotratlng and provonts a|| back-s|ldlng. Tbls ls ca||od
tbo stago ol non-rotrogrosslon.
77. Tbls ls tbo Hina5na`s Nlrv5na.
234
7. `Tbo mlnd now advanclng smootb| prosorvos a||
provlous acblovomonts and ls awaro ol a|| Tatb5gatas ln tbo
ton dlroctlons. Tbls ls tbo stago ol protoctlon ol tbo Dbarma.
S. `Tbo brlgbtnoss ol wlsdom, tbus prosorvod and
strongtbonod, can now, b moans ol lts transcondonta|
powor, rol|oct tbo |lgbt ol tbo Buddba`s compasslon and
tborob abldo wltbln Hls (bod), |lko two brlgbt mlrrors
laclng and rol|octlng oacb otbor to lnllnlt. Tbls ls tbo stago ol
rol|octlvo powors.
. `Tbo |lgbt ol tbo mlnd tbon turns lnwards and unltos
lor ovor wltb tbo unsurpassod abso|uto purlt ol tbo (lnnor)
Buddba, tborob rostlng ln tbo non-rotrogrosslvo stato ol
transcondonta| non-actlvlt (wu wol). Tbls ls ca||od tbo stago
ol (unsbakon) dlsclp|lno (si|a).
0. `A groat comlort dorlvos lrom tbls rost ln dlscl-
p|lno wblcb onab|os tbo mlnd to roam at wl|| anwboro ln
tbo ton dlroctlons. Tbls ls ca||od tbo stago ol tbo mlnd (ol
blgb) roso|vo.
7S
The Ten Practical Stages of Bodhisattva Wisdom
. `nanda, altor acblovlng tboso ton stagos (ol Bodblsattva
laltb) b practlca| oxpodlonts, tbo ossonco ol mlnd manllosts
and radlatos, tbo lntormlng|lng ol tboso ton lunctlons ol mlnd
porlocts tbo Ono Mlnd. Tbls ls ca||od tbo purposlvo stago.
7
2. `Tbo lnnor mlnd now radlatos |lko brl||lant puro go|d
ln a g|obo ol c|oar crsta|. As tbo provlous (contomp|atlvo)
7S. Tbls ls tbo porloct acblovomont ol tbo Ono Mlnd.
7. Tbls ls roa|lzatlon ol lncoptlvo Bodbl boloro baslc Bodbl manllosts.
235
wlsdom now roacbos tbls mlnd-ground, tbls ls ca||od tbo
stago ol tbo contro| ol tbo (mlnd-) ground.
S0
3. Tbo cognlzanco ol tbo mlnd-ground lu|| rovoa|s
botb wlsdom and lts oboct as ono roa|lt ln tbo ton dlroctlons
lroo lrom a|| blndranco. Tbls ls ca||od tbo stago ol (Bodbl-
sattva) practlco.
S
4. `Tbls Bodblsattva conduct ls now slml|ar to tbat ol
tbo Buddba wblcb lnl|uoncos lt. Llko a doad man ln tbo lntor-
modlato stato sooklng paronts as a cbanno| lor bls roblrtb ln
tbo wor|d, tbo advanclng mlnd ontors tbo Tatb5gata sood.
S2
Tbls ls ca||od tbo stago ol nob|o blrtb.
5. `(Tbo mlnd) gostatlng ln tbo bo| womb lnborlts tbo
baslc Bodbl, and tbo lootus ls lormod wltb a|| lts cbaractorlstlcs:
Tbls ls ca||od tbo stago ol a|| ln roadlnoss (lor on|lgbtonmont).
S3
6. `Botb lorm and mlnd aro ldontlca| wltb tboso ol tbo
Buddba. Tbls, ls ca||od tbo stago ol Truo Mlnd.
S4
7. `Tbo lntogratlon ol bod and mlnd bocomos llrmor wltb
tbo passlng ol tlmo. Tbls ls ca||od tbo stago ol non-rotrogrosslon.
S. `Tbo lootus ls now comp|oto wltb tbo ton aspocts ol
tbo Buddba-bod.
S5
Tbls ls ca||od tbo stago ol Bodbl ln lts
lnlanc (or lmmaturlt).
S6
S0. C|oar crsta| stands lor tbo contomp|atlng wlsdom, and puro go|d lor tbo Ono Mlnd.
S. Tbo mlnd, now lroo lrom a|| bondago, oxpands and ombracos tbo wbo|o ol spaco.
S2. Tbo Tatb5gata sood ls tbo baslc Bodbl lnboront ln us a||.
S3. Tbls ls tbo contomp|atlng mlnd wltbout wblcb tbo baslc Bodbl cannot manllost.
S4. Tbo Truo Mlnd wblcb ls lroo lrom tbo dua|lt ol suboct and oboct.
S5. Tbo ton aspocts ol tbo Buddba-bod aro: Bodbl-bod, vow-bod, nlrm5nak5a, mlgbt bod,
maostlc bod, awo-lnsplrlng bod, bod roproducod at wl||, b|ossod bod, Dbarmak5a and
wlsdom-bod (5nak5a).
S6. Tbls ls tbo comp|oto baslc Bodbl ln lts lmmaturlt.
236
. Tbo lootus, now comp|oto| lormod, ls born and bo-
comos a son ol Buddba. Tbls ls ca||od tbo stago ol tbo bolr to
tbo Klng ol tbo Law.
S7
0. `Tbo co|obratlon ol bls comlng ol ago ls |lko tbo
consocratlon
SS
coromon bo|d wbon a crown prlnco
assumos tbo rolns ol govornmont. Tbls ls ca||od tbo stago ol
lnvostlturo.
S
The Ten Lines of Bodhisattva Action
. `nanda, a|tbougb tboso vlrtuous mon, altor attalnlng tbo
rank ol a son ol Buddba, bavo acqulrod tbo Tatb5gata`s
count|oss morlts, tbo romaln ln barmon wltb a|| bolngs ln
tbo ton dlroctlons. Tbls ls ca||od olu| sorvlco.
2. Tbo aro ab|o to work lor tbo wo|laro ol a|| |lvlng
bolngs. Tbls ls ca||od bonollcla| actlvlt.
3. `Tbolr so|l-on|lgbtonmont and tbo on|lgbtonmont ol
otbors aro lroo lrom a|| contradlctlon. Tbls actlvlt ls ca||od
non-rosontlu|.
4. `Tbolr contlnuous appoaranco ln count|oss lorms ln
tbo unondlng luturo (lor tbo wo|laro ol otbors), lroo lrom tbo
concoptlon ol tlmo and spaco, ls ca||od lnoxbaustlb|o actlvlt.
5. `Tbolr proacblng, lroo lrom a|| c|lnglng, conlorms to
(tbo toacblng ol) non-dua|lt ol a|| Dbarma doors and ls
ca||od an actlvlt novor out ol ordor.
S7. As tbo modltatlon ls succosslu| ln roa|lzlng lncoptlvo Bodbl, baslc Bodbl manllosts |lko a bab born
lnto tbo wor|d.
SS. Consocratlon b sprlnk|lng, or pourlng wator on tbo boad.
S. Tbo unlon ol lncoptlvo Bodbl wltb baslc Bodbl cu|mlnatos ln u|tlmato Bodbl as a rosu|t ol tbo
modltatlvo stud ol tbo Moan. Tbls ls roa|lzatlon ol tbo lmmatorla| Tatb5gata storo.
237
6. `Tbo (noumona|) Unlt rovoa|s a vast varlot ol un-
dlllorontlatod pbonomona. Tbls ls ca||od skl|lu| actlvlt to
appoar (at wl||).
0
7. `ln tbls stato, a|| tbo wor|ds ln tbo ton dlroctlons
appoar ln ovor spock ol dust, wltb noltbor dust nor wor|ds
blndorlng oacb otbor. Tbls ls ca||od tbo non-c|lnglng actlvlt.
S. `A|| manllostatlons aro but tbo blgbost porloctlon
(p5ramlt5 |oadlng to tbo otbor sboro ol Bodbl). Tbls ls oxa|t-
lng actlvlt.
. `Tbls porloct lntormlng|lng (ol noumonon and pbo-
nomonon) acblovos tbo Buddba pattorn ln tbo ton dlroctlons
and ls ca||od tbo skl|lu| porlormanco ol tbo Law.
0. `Eacb |lno ol actlon ls but puro and transcondonta|
non-actlvlt (wu wol) dorlvod lrom tbo Ono Roa|lt ol Tbat-
noss. Tbls ls ca||od actlvlt ln barmon wltb tbo Trutb.
205. Slt5tapatra: A wblto canop. White stands lor puro, lmmacu|ato and spot|oss, l.o. tbo Ono Mlnd ln
tbo storo ol consclousnoss wblcb ls boond a|| doll|omonts. Honco tbo White Canopy, or puro mlnd
tbat ombracos a|| dbarma and protocts a|| |lvlng bolngs.
206. Tlt|o ln accordanco wltb tbo noumona| ln ossonco and ln know|odgo.
207. Tlt|o ln accordanco wltb lts lunctlon.
20S. Tlt|o ln accordanco wltb tbo so|l (tbo practlsor) and tbo Dbarma (tbls sutra).
20. Tlt|o ln accordanco wltb tbo dbr5ni, or tbo contro| ol a|| Dbarma and tbo bonollt dorlvod lrom lts
practlco.
20. Tlt|o ln accordanco wltb tbo Bodblsattva practlco ol tbls Sormon.
244
VII
The Six Planes of Existence Caused
by Unenlightenment
The Six States of Living Beings in Sasra
Altor boarlng tbo Buddbas dlsc|osuro ol tbo Slt5taprata`s
osotorlc Soa|, and ol tbo Wbo|o Trutb, as tbo tlt|os ol tbls
sutra, nanda and tbo assomb| lnstant| awakonod to (tbo
stato ol) db5na, tbo practlco ol wblcb cou|d |oad to tbo bo|
stagos and lncroaso tbolr undorstandlng ol tbo prolound doc-
trlno, so tbat tbo cou|d wlpo out a|| tbo troub|os dorlvod
lrom (tbo llrst) slx c|assos ol do|uslon ln tbo tbroo roa|ms ol
oxlstonco.
2
nanda tbon roso lrom bls soat, prostratod blmso|l wltb
bls boad at tbo loot ol tbo Buddba, brougbt bls pa|ms togotb-
or and sald: `O August and Wor|d Honourod Ono, our com-
passlonato volco bas rovoa|od so skl|lu|| to us tbo subt|o
do|uslons ol a|| |lvlng bolngs lor m groat bonollt, tborob
2. Tbo tbroo roa|ms ol oxlstonco aro tbo roa|m ol doslro (k5madb5tu), ol lorm (rupadb5tu) and
boond lorm (arupadb5tu). Tboro aro ono roa|m ol doslro, lour roa|ms ol matorla| lorms and lour ol
puro splrlt, tbus nlno ln a||. Eacb bas nlno c|assos ol do|uslons: tbo uppor, mldd|o and |owor superior
grados, tbo uppor, mldd|o and |owor intermediate grados and tbo uppor, mldd|o and |owor inferior
grados.
Ho wbo wlpos out tbo tbroo inferior grados ol tbo roa|m ol doslro, roa|lzos tbo llrst stago ol tbo
Hina5na patb, ca||od srota-5panna, or ontr lnto tbo bo| stroam. nanda bad wlpod out on| tbo
llrst six catogorlos ol do|uslon as sald ln tbo toxt, and tborob roa|lzod tbo socond stago ca||od
Sakrd5g5mln wblcb lnvo|vos on| ono roblrtb.
ll tbo |ast tbroo catogorlos ol do|uslon aro wlpod out as wo||, tbo practlsor wl|| roa|lzo tbo tblrd,
or non-roturnlng, stago ca||od An5g5mln.
ll a|| tbo olgbt-ono catogorlos ol do|uslons ln tbo tbroo roa|ms ol oxlstonco aro wlpod out, tbo
practlsor wl|| roa|lzo arbatsblp wblcb ls tbo lourtb or blgbost stago ol tbo Hina5na patb. (Soo Cb`an
and Zon Toacblng, Flrst Sorlos, The Diamond Cutter of Doubts, pp. 70/ lor tbo lour Hina5na
attalnmonts.)
245
brlnglng groat comlort to m bod and mlnd. Wor|d Hon-
ourod Ono, ll tbls Brlgbt and puro Abso|uto Mlnd woro osson-
tla|| porloct, tbon ovon tbo groat oartb, p|ants and troos (l.o.
lnanlmato tblngs) as wo|| as wrlgg|lng worms and a|| bolngs
possosslng |llo (l.o. sontlont bolngs) wou|d bo tbo lundamon-
ta| Bbutatatbat5 wblcb ls but tbo Tatb5gata`s roa| substanco
ln tbo stato ol Buddbabood. ll tbo Buddba`s substanco woro
truo and roa|, bow cou|d tboro a|so bo tbo wor|d ol bo||s,
bungr gbosts, anlma|s, asuras, mon and dovas Wor|d Hon-
ourod Ono, aro tboso wor|ds lundamonta|| so|l-oxlstont or
do tbo arlso bocauso ol |lvlng bolngs` vlclous bablt ol dwo||-
lng ln la|sobood
`Wor|d Honourod Ono, |ot mo l||ustrato wbat l moan.
Tbo Bblksuni Fragranco ol tbo Proclous Lotus, altor rocolv-
lng tbo ru|os ol Bodblsattva dlsclp|lno, lornlcatod and pro-
tondod tbat lt was noltbor kl||lng nor stoa|lng and was,
tboroloro, not suboct. to karmlc rotrlbutlon. As a rosu|t, altor
bor gonlta| organ bad boon s|ow| scorcbod b tbo l|amo (ol
passlon), sbo lo|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo||. Klng Crsta|
massacrod mon ol tbo Gautama c|an, and Bblksu Sanaksatra
wrong| proacbod tbo annlbl|atlon ol a|| tblngs (and so lm-
p|lod tbat tbo |aw ol causa|lt was lnva|ld). Botb as a rosu|t ol
tbolr (ovl|) acts, lo|| lnto tbo avicl. bo||. Aro tboso bo||s roa||
somowboro or aro tbo so|l-oxlstlng lor ovor slnnor to sullor
ln tbom Wl|| ou bo compasslonato onougb to on|lgbton us
so tbat tboso wbo obsorvo tbo procopts know wbat tbo
lmp| and do not broak tbom
Tbo Buddba sald: `lt ls good tbat ou ask tbls quostlon
246
lor tbo bonollt ol a|| |lvlng bolngs so tbat tbo coaso to bo|d
wrong vlows. Llston attontlvo| to wbat l now to|| ou.
`nanda, a|| |lvlng bolngs aro lundamonta|| puro but
bocauso ol tbolr wrong vlows, tbo bavo lormod vlclous
bablts, bonco tbolr lnnor and outor alloctlons.
`nanda, lnnor alloctlon concorns tbolr lnwardnossos.
Bocauso ol tbo talnt ol doslro, tbo glvo rlso to wrong pas-
slons tbo accumu|atlon ol wblcb producos tbo wator ol crav-
lng. Tbls ls wb tbo tbougbt ol good lood makos tbo moutb
wator, tbo tbougbt ol a prodocossor wbom ono pltlos or batos
ll||s ono`s oos wltb toars, tbo cravlng lor woa|tb stlrs ono`s
boart and makos sa|lva l|ow and tbo bod s|ook.
Wbon tbo mlnd glvos rlso to soxua| doslro, tbo gonora-
tlvo l|uld l|ows lrom tbo ma|o and loma|o organs. nanda,
a|tbougb tboso doslros dlllor, tbolr manllostatlons aro a|| cbar-
actorlzod b tbo socrotlon ol wator wblcb, b naturo, l|ows
down bl|| lnstoad ol up. Tbls ls lnnor alloctlon.
`nanda, outor alloctlon concorns |lvlng bolngs oxtor-
na||. Tbolr koon doslros produco l||usor tbougbts wblcb b
contlnuous pursult bocomo ovorwbo|mlng. Tbus tbo mlnd
bont on strlct obsorvanco ol tbo procopts makos tbo bod
|lgbt, tbo mlnd concontratod on lncantatlons (mantra) and
mstlc gosturos (mudr5) glvos a vlrl|o and roso|uto alr, tbo
mlnd sot on roblrtb ln tbo boavon ol gods brlngs droams ln
wblcb tbo practlsor sooms to l| upwards, tbo mlnd concon-
tratod on tbo Buddba-|and causos bo| roa|ms to appoar, and
roa| dovotlon to a ro|lglous counso||or (ka|5namltra) |oads to
tbo wl||lng sacrlllco ol ovon ono`s own |llo. nanda, a|tbougb
247
tboso tbougbts dlllor, a|| tboso manllostatlons aro, b naturo,
cbaractorlzod b a |lgbtnoss ol bod wblcb soars up lnstoad
ol slnklng down so tbat tbo |oap ovor tbolr (prosont) statos.
Tbls ls outor alloctlon.
`nanda, ln tbo round ol blrtbs and doatbs ln Sams5ra,
blrtb ls causod b tbo bablts (ol passlons) and doatb b tbo
l|ow ol (rotrlbutlvo) translormatlon. (Tbls ls wb) at tbo
momont ol doatb and boloro tbo boat comp|oto| |oavos tbo
bod, a|| good and ovl| doods ol a |llotlmo suddon| ro-
appoar to somoono wbo ls doad but on tbo polnt ol bolng
roborn.
The realm of devas
`ll bls mlnd ls wbo|| tbougbtlu|, lt wl|| l| ln tbo alr and bo wl||
bo roborn ln boavon. ll ln tbls l|lgbt lt ls ll||od wltb b|ossodnoss
and wlsdom strong| sustalnod b bls puro vow, lt wl|| opon
to |ot blm bobo|d tbo puro |ands ol a|| Buddbas ln tbo ton
dlroctlons, bo wl|| bo roborn tboro as a rosu|t ol bls vow.
The realm of seers (i) and spirits
`ll bls mlnd ls moro tbougbtlu| tban passlonato, lt wl|| not bo
|lgbt onougb lor blm to l| to dlstant p|acos, bo wl|| bo roborn
as a l|lng rsl, a poworlu| klng ol gbosts, a l|lng aksa or an
oartbbound r5ksasa. Ho wl|| bo ab|o to roam lroo| ln tbo
boavons ol tbo lour dova klngs. ll bo ls good naturod and bas
takon a vow to protoct m Dbarma and tboso wbo obsorvo
tbo procopts, ropoat tbo mantras, modltato and roa|lzo patlont
onduranco, bo wl|| dwo|| bonoatb tbo tbrono ol tbo Tatb5gata.
24S
The realm of human beings
`ll bls tbougbts and passlons aro ln oqua| proportlons, bo wl||
noltbor rlso nor slnk, but wl|| bo roborn ln tbo roa|m ol buman
bolngs wboro bls lnto||lgonco comos lrom tbo c|oarnoss ol bls
tbougbts and bls stupldlt lrom tbo du||noss ol bls passlons.
The realm of animals
`ll bls passlons oxcood bls tbougbts, bo wl|| bo roborn ln tbo
roa|m ol anlma|s wboro groat passlons croato boasts wltb balr
and lur and ml|d passlons produco wlngod and loatborod
croaturos.
The realm of hungry ghosts
`ll bls passlons and tbougbts aro ln tbo proportlon ol sovon
to tbroo, bo wl|| slnk lnto tbo wboo| ol wator c|oso to tbo ro-
glon ol llro, wl|| onduro lntonso boat and bo roborn as a bun-
gr gbost wboso bod ls constant| scorcbod b boat and
drownod ln wator, so tbat bo wl|| sullor lrom bungor and
tblrst lor bundrods and tbousands ol aoons.
The realm of hells
ll bls passlons and tbougbts aro ln tbo proportlon ol nlno to
ono, bo wl|| slnk lnto tbo wboo| ol llro and bo roborn wboro
wlnd and llro moot. Ho wl|| dwo|| ln tbo lntormlttont bo|| ll
bls passlons aro groat, ln tbo unlntormlttont ono ll tbo aro
vor strong, and ln tbo avicl bo|| ll bo ls comp|oto| doml-
natod b oxtromo| vlo|ont onos. ll ln addltlon bo s|andors
tbo Mab55na,
22
broaks tbo Buddba`s procopts, dlstorts tbo
22. Modorn commontators wbo do not undorstand tbo Mab55na and Cb`an transmlsslon aro slncoro|
urgod to tblnk twlco boloro loo|lsb| vl|lllng or damnlng tbo bo| toacblng.
24
Dbarma wbon proacblng lt to docolvo bls patrons lor so|llsb
galn or lor lamo, and commlts tbo llvo robo||lous acts
23
and ton gravo slns
24
bo wl|| bo roborn (ln turn) ln a|| tbo avicl
bo||s.
`A|tbougb tbo abovo aro so|l-lnl|lctod rotrlbutlons ro-
su|tlng lrom lndlvldua| ovl| doods, a|| slnnors onduro tbo samo
klnds ol sullorlng wblcb orlglnato lrom (tbo samo) concurront
causos.
The Ten Causes & Six Effects in the Realm of Hells
The Ten Karmic Causes of the Realm of Hells
`nanda, tboso (rotrlbutlons) como lrom tbo karmlc acts ol
|lvlng bolngs wbo croato ton karmlc causos b tbolr vlclous
bablts and so sullor lrom slx klnds ol rotrlbutlon.
The habit of sexual desire
`nanda, wbat aro tboso ton causos Lust grows lnto a bablt
bocauso ol soxua| lntorcourso ln wblcb two poop|o caross
oacb otbor tborob produclng boat tbat ln turn stlmu|atos
doslro. Tbls ls |lko tbo boat causod b rubblng tbo bands to-
gotbor. Tbo two bablts lrom karma and |ust stlmu|ato oacb
otbor and causo vlslons ol bot lron bods on bot coppor sup-
ports.
25
Honco a|| Buddbas rogard soxua| lntorcourso as a
23. Tbo llvo robo||lous acts (pac5nantara): parrlcldo, matrlcldo, kl||lng an arbat, sboddlng tbo b|ood ol
a Buddba, and dostrolng tbo barmon ol tbo ordor.
24. Tbo ton gravo slns (p5r5lka): kl||lng, stoa|lng, carna|lt, |lng, doa|lng ln splrlts, ta|klng ol a monk`s
mlsdoods, so|l-pralso lor dogradlng otbors, moannoss, angor at robuko and vl|lllng tbo Buddba,
Dbarma and Sagba.
25. Tbo bod stands lor soxua| doslro and lts supports lor tbo partnor on wbom tbo slnnor doponds to
stlmu|ato bls soxua| appotlto.
250
burnlng llro ol doslro and a|| Bodblsattvas avold carna|lt as
ll lt was a llor plt.
The habit of craving
`Cravlng grows lnto a bablt bocauso ol grasplng wblcb ls a
klnd ol suctlon, wblcb ln tlmo croatos tbo l||uslon ol co|d,
lrost, cbl|| and sblvorlng. Tbls ls |lko tbo co|d sonsatlon lo|t
wbon ono broatbos ln tbrougb pursod |lps. Tbo comblnatlon
ol karma and cravlng |oads to rotrlbutlon ln tbo lorm ol sul-
lorlng oxprossod b crlng out agalnst bltlng co|d and sbown
b (tbo skln turnlng) b|uo, rod or wblto. Honco a|| Buddbas
rogard cravlng as tbo wator ol grood and a|| Bodblsattvas
avold lt as tbo wou|d a soa ol postl|ontla| vapour.
The habit of arrogance
`Arroganco grows lnto a bablt bocauso ol abuso wblcb man-
llosts b tbo opprosslon (ol otbors), wblcb ln tlmo croatos tbo
(l||uslon ol) rost|oss wavos wblcb bul|d up a vo|umo ol wator.
Tbls ls |lko |lcklng ono`s moutb to mako lt wator. Tbo two
bablts lrom karma and arroganco stlmu|ato oacb otbor and
croato (vlslons ol) rlvors ol b|ood, (bot) asbos, burnlng sand,
polsonous soas and mo|ton coppor pourod on tbo slnnor`s
tonguo. And so a|| Buddbas rogard so|l-lmportanco as tbo
wator ol stupldlt and a|| Bodblsattvas avold lt as tbo wou|d
drownlng.
The habit of anger
`Angor grows lnto a bablt bocauso ol lrrltatlon wblcb manl-
losts as stubbornnoss wblcb ln tlmo lnl|amos tbo boart wboso
25
boat turns tbo vlta| broatb lnto mota|, bonco tbo l||uslons ol
bl||s ol knlvos, lron posts, troos and wboo|s ol swords, axos,
ba|bords, spoars and saws. Tbls ls |lko a man pusbod b bls
obstlnac to avongo a wrong. Tbo two bablts lrom karma
and angor stlmu|ato oacb otbor and croato vlslons ol castra-
tlon, backlng, boboadlng, cbopplng, woundlng, mutl|atlng,
b|udgoonlng and strlklng. Tbls ls |lko a man l|lng lnto a rago
and road to kl|| to rodross a wrong. Honco a|| Buddbas ro-
gard batrod as a sbarp sword and a|| Bodblsattvas l|oo lrom
lt as lrom tbolr own oxocutlon.
The habit of deceitfulness
`Docoltlu|noss grows lnto a bablt bocauso ol ontlcomont
wblcb manllosts as docolt wblcb ln tlmo croatos (l||uslons ol)
cords, stlcks, ropos and canguos tbat rostraln tbo slnnor. Tbls
ls |lko a llo|d l|oodod lor growlng grass and p|ants. Tbo two
bablts lrom karma and docoptlon sustaln oacb otbor and cro-
ato moro and moro ovl| doods tbat dosorvo punlsbmont wltb
lottors, |ocks, wblps, stavos, blrcbos and cudgo|s. And so, a||
Buddbas rogard docoltlu|noss as barmlu| as ca|umn and a||
Bodblsattvas avold lt as tbo wou|d a wo|l.
The habit of lying
`Llng grows lnto a bablt bocauso ol bogul|omont wblcb
manllosts as lraud, wblcb ln tlmo onds ln troacbor. Tbls cro-
atos (l||uslons ol) ll|tb sucb as dust, oxcromont and urlno. Tbls
ls |lko dust b|own b tbo wlnd wblcb scroons ovortblng. Tbo
two bablts lrom karma and |los lntonsll oacb otbor and ond
ln sullorlng lrom drownlng, tosslng, l|lng, dropplng, drlltlng
252
and slnklng. Honco a|| Buddbas rogard |lng as barmlu| as
p|undorlng and kl||lng and a|| Bodblsattvas avold lt as tbo
wou|d stopplng on vonomous snakos.
The habit of resentment
`Rosontmont grows lnto a bablt bocauso ol avorslon wblcb
manllosts as ma|lco. Tbls croatos (l||uslons ol) bolng stonod,
catapu|tod, sbut ln a prlson van, trappod, baggod and struck.
Tbls ls |lko a mlscblol-makor a|was wltb ovl| doslgns. Tbo
two bablts lrom karma and rosontmont comblno and rosu|t ln
punlsbmont b bolng tossod and bur|od about, solzod,
approbondod, struck and sbot. And so a|| Buddbas rogard ro-
sontmont as an ovl| splrlt and a|| Bodblsattvas avold lt as tbo
wou|d polsonod wlno.
The habit of wrong views
`Wrong vlows grow lnto bablt bocauso ol mlslntorprotatlon
wblcb covors (tbo llvo mlsconcoptlons lrom) tbo roa|lt ol tbo
ogo and obocts down to rlgorous ascotlc problbltlons.
26
Tbls causos tbo mlsundorstandlng ol karmlc ollocts duo to ro-
octlon ol tbo roa| and attacbmont to tbo unroa|. Honco tbo
(l||uslon ol) udgomont wltb prools ol ovldonco (wblcb can-
not bo donlod), as wbon two poop|o comlng lrom opposlto
dlroctlons cannot avold mootlng on tbo samo road. Tbo two
bablts lrom karma and wrong vlows comblno to causo
(vlslons ol) quostlonlng, cross-oxamlnatlon, udlcla| lnvostl-
26. Tbo llvo wrong vlows: () satk5adrstl, tbo roa|lt ol an ogo and lts obocts, (2) antargr5ba,
dua| vlows, o.g. pormanonco and annlbl|atlon, (3) mltb5, donla| ol tbo |aw ol causa|lt,
(4) drstlpar5marsa, obstlnato vlows wblcb lmp| wrong lnloronco, o.g. mlstaklng tbo stato ol
tbougbt|ossnoss lor Nlrv5na, and (5) si|a-vrata-par5marsa, rlgld vlows ln lavour ol rlgorous
austorltlos, o.g. covorlng onoso|l wltb asbos to obtaln roblrtb ln boavon.
253
gatlon, onqulr, lntorrogatlon and tbo unvol|lng ol rlgbt and
wrong ln court wbl|o good and bad counso| produco tbo doc-
umonts and arguo about tbom. Honco a|| Buddbas rogard
wrong vlows as an abss ol porvorslon and a|| Bodblsattvas
avold tbom as tbo wou|d a ravlno lu|| ol polson.
The habit of unfairness
`Unlalrnoss grows lnto a bablt bocauso ol la|so accusatlon
wblcb manllosts ln s|andor. Tbls croatos (l||uslons ol) bl||s and
rocks wblcb c|oso ln lrom a|| sldos to crusb, broak, scoro and
grlnd tbo slnnor. lt ls |lko abuslng tbo lnnocont. Botb bablts
lrom karma and lnustlco comblno to brlng about (l||uslons
ol) approbonslon, prossuro, boatlng, roprosslon, coorclon
and rostralnt ol tbo slnnor b tbo |aw. Honco a|| Buddbas ro-
gard dolamatlon as barmlu| as a tlgor and a|| Bodblsattvas
l|oo lrom lt as lrom a c|ap ol tbundor.
The habit of disputation
`Dlsputlng grows lnto a bablt bocauso ol mucb ta|k wblcb
manllosts ln concoa|lng (ono`s sbortcomlngs). Tbls croatos
(l||uslons ol) socrots bolng oxposod b bolng rol|octod ln a
mlrror or b a |amp bolng |lt, |lko obocts tbat cannot bo bld-
don ln broad da|lgbt. Tbo two bablts lrom karma and dlspu-
tatlon ond ln tbo oxposuro (ol slns), lor tbo mlrror and |amp
rovoa| lormor karmlc doods lor (llna|) udgomont. Honco a||
Buddbas rogard concoa|mont as a socrot onom and a||
Bodblsattvas consldor lt as dangorous as carrlng a bl|| on tbo
boad or wa|klng lnto tbo ocoan.
254
The Six Retributive Effects in the Realm of Hells
`Wbat aro tbo slx rotrlbutlvo ollocts nanda, a|| |lvlng bolngs
wboso slx consclousnossos causo tbom to commlt karmlc acts
sullor lrom ovl| ollocts tbrougb tbo slx sonso organs.
Retributive effects of wrong seeing
`Wbat aro tbo ovl| ollocts sullorod tbrougb tbo slx sonso organs
Wbon karma rlpons at tbo tlmo ol doatb, tbo ovl| ollocts ol
wrong soolng causo ono to soo a raglng llro tbat ll||s tbo ton
dlroctlons. Hls splrlt wl|| lo||ow tbo smoko and, ln a l|asb, wl||
la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo|| wboro bo wl|| oxporlonco botb
|lgbt wblcb rovoa|s a|| sorts ol ovl| tblngs ovorwboro wblcb glvo
rlso to bound|oss droad, and sl|ont darknoss wblcb bldos ovor-
tblng and causos lnllnlto loar. So tbo l|amo ol wrong soolng
scorcbos tbo organ ol boarlng and translorms lt lnto (purga-
torlos ol) cau|drons ol bol|lng wator and soas ol mo|ton coppor,
tbo organ ol smo|| lnto b|ack smoko and purp|o l|amo, tbo
organ ol tasto lnto bot pl||s and mo|ton lron, tbo organ ol toucb
lnto bot asbos and burnlng cbarcoa|, and tbo organ ol lnto||oct
lnto scattorod sparks tbat dlsturb tbo wbo|o ol spaco.
Retributive effects of wrong hearing
`Wbon karma rlpons at tbo tlmo ol doatb, tbo ovl| ollocts ol
wrong boarlng causo ono to soo rlslng wavos tbat submorgo
boavon and oartb. Hls splrlt tbon lo||ows tbom to la|| lnto tbo
unlntormlttont bo|| wboro bo wl|| oxporlonco botb unboarab|o
nolsos tbat conluso and dlsturb blm and doad sl|onco tbat
makos blm dlsplrltod. So tboso wavos l|ow lnto tbo organ ol
255
boarlng to translorm lt lnto robuko and lntorrogatlon, lnto tbo
organ ol slgbt to turn lt lnto tbundor, roars (ol anlma|s) and
ots ol polsonous gas, lnto tbo organ ol smo|| to cbango lt lnto
raln, log and sbowors ol vonomous lnsocts tbat covor bls
wbo|o bod, lnto tbo organ ol tasto to translorm lt lnto pus,
b|ood and a|| sorts ol ll|tb, lnto tbo organ ol toucb to turn lt
lnto anlma|s, gbosts, oxcromont and urlno, and lnto tbo
organ ol lnto||oct to cbango lt lnto |lgbtnlng and bal| tbat strlko
and broak up bls splrlts.
Retributive effects of wrong smelling
`Wbon karma rlpons at tbo tlmo ol doatb, tbo ovl| ollocts ol
wrong smo||lng causo ono to soo (c|ouds ol) polsonous gas
ovorwboro. Hls splrlt wl|| |oap lrom tbo oartb to la|| lnto tbo
unlntormlttont bo|| wboro bo wl|| oxporlonco botb tbo stato ol
lroo broatblng tbat draws ln a|| sorts ol lou| lumos tbat lnloct
and upsot bls boart (mlnd), and ol b|ockod broatblng tbat
cbokos blm untl| bo swoons and drops to tbo ground. Tbus
tboso lou| alrs ontor tbo organ ol smo|| to c|oar and obstruct
bls nostrl|s, tbo organ ol slgbt to translorm lt lnto a l|amo or
(|lgbtod) torcb, tbo organ ol boarlng to turn lt lnto (tbo sounds
mado b) p|unglng lnto wator, b drownlng and b novor
coaslng wavos, tbo organ ol tasto lnto rotton and stlnklng llsb,
tbo organ ol toucb lnto a rlppod and docomposod (corpso)
and a groat bl|| ol l|osb wltb bundrods and tbousands ol oos
to soo ltso|l bolng dovourod b count|oss boasts, and tbo
organ ol tblnklng lnto dust, mlasmas and l|lng pobb|os tbat
strlko and broak bls bod.
256
Retributive effects of wrong tasting
`Wbon karma rlpons at tbo tlmo ol doatb, tbo ovl| ollocts ol
wrong tastlng causo tbo porson concornod to soo an lron not
and a groat b|azo ol llro tbat covor tbo wbo|o wor|d. Hls splrlt
wl|| tbon rlso to drop upsldo down lnto tbo not wltb bls boad
caugbt ln lts mosbos and bo wl|| tbon bo drawn lnto tbo un-
lntormlttont bo|| wboro bo wl|| botb loo| tbat bls ln-broatb ls
translormod lnto blttor co|d tbat bltos bls bod and bls out-
broatb turnod lnto llorco llro tbat scorcbos bls bonos and mar-
row. Tbus tbls wrong tastlng ontors tbo organ ol tasto to
translorm lt lnto groat bardsblps, tbo organ ol slgbt lnto mo|-
ton mota| and rock, tbo organ ol boarlng lnto sbarp woapons,
tbo organ ol smo|| lnto a bugo lron cago tbat covors tbo wbo|o
countr, tbo organ ol toucb lnto |ong-bows and arrows and
lnto cross-bows and bo|ts, and tbo organ ol tblnklng lnto lron
(bal|) tbat ralns down.
Retributive effects of wrong touching
`Wbon karma rlpons at tbo tlmo ol doatb, tbo ovl| ollocts ol
wrong toucb causo ono to soo groat mountalns c|oslng ln lrom
a|| tbo lour quartors wltb no wa to oscapo. Hls splrlt wl|| soo
an lron wa||od town, llor snakos and dogs, tlgors, wo|vos and
|lons, al|ors wltb ox-boads and r5ksasas wltb borso-boads
bo|dlng spoars and |ancos wbo cbaso blm lnto tbo town and
lorco blm lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo|| wboro bo wl|| oxporlonco
botb tbo ombraco ol mountalns (contact) tbat c|oso ln to crusb
bls bod lnto a moss ol bonos, l|osb and b|ood, and (tbo paln
ol) bolng cut up (soparatlon) wbon sbarp swords s|a bls bod
257
and rlp opon bls boart and |lvor. Tbus tbls wrong toucb ontors
lts own organ to translorm lt lnto tbo road (to bo||) and tbo
abodo (ol Yama) wltb ba|| and (udgomont) soat, tbo organ ol
slgbt lnto boat and burnlng, tbo organ ol boarlng lnto knock-
lng, strlklng, stabblng and sbootlng, tbo organ ol smo|| lnto
approbondlng, bagglng, udglng and roplng, tbo organ ol tasto
lnto p|ougblng, nlpplng, boboadlng, and cuttlng, and tbo
organ ol lnto||oct lnto l|lng, la||lng, lrlng and roastlng.
Retributive effects of wrong thinking
`Wbon karma rlpons at tbo tlmo ol doatb, tbo ovl| ollocts ol
wrong tblnklng causo ono to soo ovl| wlnds b|ow tbrougb and
dostro tbo countr. Hls splrlt wl|| bo b|own up lnto spaco
and tbon droppod down to bo carrlod lnto tbo unlntormlttont
bo|| wboro bo wl|| sullor lrom botb tbo uttor conluslon tbat
obscuros a|| bls sonsos and lrlgbtons blm lnto coaso|oss run-
nlng about, and lrom tbo porloct c|arlt ln wblcb a|| bls sonsos
lunctlon ln good ordor to loo| unboarab|o paln wbon bo ls bo-
lng lrlod and scorcbod. Tbus tbls wrong tblnklng ontors bls
lacu|t ol tbougbt to translorm lt lnto a rocoptac|o, tbo organ
ol soolng lnto scrutlnlzlng and ovldonclng, tbo organ ol boar-
lng lnto a rock, (lts warmtb) lnto lco and lrost, and (lts c|oar-
noss) lnto dust and log, tbo organ ol smo|| lnto a groat llor
cbarlot, vosso| and cago, tbo organ ol tasto lnto crlos,
scroams, |amontatlon and wooplng, tbo organ ol toucb lnto a
|argo or sma|| (bod) suboct ln a slng|o da to tons ol tbou-
sands ol blrtbs and doatbs.
`nanda, tboso aro tbo ton causos and slx ollocts ol tbo
25S
roa|m ol bo||s wblcb aro a|| croatod b |lvlng bolngs tbrougb
tbolr own do|uslon and la|sonoss.
Degrees of Perversity in Relation to Suffering in the Hells
`ll at a|| tlmos a |lvlng bolng croatos tboso tbroo karmlc causos
ol rotrlbutlvo ollocts to bo sullorod b a|| slx sonso organs, bo
wl|| la|| lnto tbo avicl bo|| wboro bo wl|| onduro unto|d mlsorlos
lor count|oss aoons.
`ll at tlmos bo croatos lndlvldua| karmlc causos ol rotrlb-
utlvo ollocts to bo sullorod b bls sonso organs soparato|, bo
wl|| la|| lnto tbo olgbt unlntormlttont bo||s.
`ll bo kl||s, stoa|s, and ls carna| ln bod, moutb and
mlnd, bo wl|| la|| lnto tbo olgbtoon |ossor bo||s.
`ll bo doos not commlt tboso tbroo ovl| doods wblcb ln-
vo|vo bod, moutb and mlnd but occaslona||, kl||s or stoa|s,
bo wl|| la|| lnto tbo tblrt-slx |ossor bo||s.
`ll bo commlts on| ono ol tbom wltb a slng|o sonso
organ, bo wl|| la|| lnto tbo 0S mlnor bo||s.
`Tbus a|| |lvlng bolngs, tbougb croatlng tbolr own causos
ol rotrlbutlvo ollocts, bavo to onduro tbo samo corrospondlng
sullorlngs ln tbo samo bo||s wblcb aro tbo products ol tbolr
wrong tblnklng and wblcb lundamonta|| do not oxlst.
The Ten Categories in the Realm of Hungry Ghosts
`Furtbor, nanda, ll |lvlng bolngs vlo|ato tbo procopts, broak,
tbo ru|os ol Bodblsattva dlsclp|lno, dostro bo|lol ln tbo (so|l-
possossod) Buddba-naturo and croato tbo (abovo-montlonod
25
ton) karmlc causos, altor bolng scorcbod ln tbo bo||s lor suc-
cosslvo aoons, tbo wl|| bavo pald lor a|| tbo wrong tbo bavo
dono and wl|| bo roborn ln tbo roa|m ol bungr gbosts.
. `ll cravlng bo tbo causo ol tbolr mlsdoods, tbo wl||,
altor palng lor tbolr slns, tako tbo lorm ol wbatovor tbo
moot (on |oavlng tbo bo||s) to bocomo Strango Gbosts.
2. `ll |ust bo tbo causo ol tbolr mlsdoods, tbo wl||, altor
palng lor tbolr slns, tako lorm wbon b|own b tbo wlnd (on
|oavlng tbo bo||s) to bocomo Drougbt Gbosts.
3. `ll docoltlu|noss bo tbo causo ol tbolr mlsdoods, tbo
wl||, altor palng lor tbolr slns, tako lorm wbon mootlng anl-
ma|s to bocomo Anlma| Gbosts.
4. `ll bato bo tbo causo ol tbolr mlsdoods, tbo wl||, altor
palng lor tbolr slns, tako lorm wbon mootlng worms and ln-
socts to bocomo Noxlous Gbosts.
5. `ll rovongolu|noss bo tbo causo ol tbolr mlsdoods,
tbo wl||, altor palng lor tbolr slns, tako lorm ln tbo mldst ol
mlslortuno and ca|amlt to bocomo Cruo| Gbosts.
6. `ll arroganco bo tbo causo ol tbolr mlsdoods, tbo
wl||, altor palng lor tbolr slns, tako lorm wbon mootlng op-
prossod poop|o to bocomo Starvod Gbosts.
7. `ll lraud bo tbo causo ol tbolr mlsdoods, tbo wl||,
altor palng lor tbolr slns, tako lorm wbon llndlng tbomso|vos
ln dark p|acos to bocomo Nlgbtmarlsb Gbosts.
S. `ll wrong vlows bo tbo causo ol tbolr mlsdoods, tbo
wl||, altor palng lor tbolr slns, tako lorm wbon mootlng
sprltos to bocomo Nalads.
. `ll unlalrnoss bo tbo causo ol tbolr mlsdoods, tbo
260
wl||, altor palng lor tbolr slns, tako lorm wbon soolng tbo
|lgbt to bocomo Sorvant Gbosts.
0. `ll dlsputatlon bo tbo causo ol tbolr mlsdoods, tbo
wl||, altor palng lor tbolr slns, tako lorm wbon mootlng
modlums to bocomo Mossongor Gbosts (to ro|a tbo nows
lrom tbo doad).
`nanda, tboso bolngs arc comp|oto| domlnatod b
tbolr passlons wblcb causo tbolr la|| lnto tbo roa|m ol bo||s
wboro tbo aro scorcbod dr b tbo l|amo ol passlon and
lrom wblcb tbo wl|| omorgo as bungr gbosts. Tboso statos
aro tbo products ol karma croatod b wrong tblnklng. ll tbo
awakon to Bodbl, tbo wl|| llnd tbat lundamonta|| tboso
karmlc statos cannot bo lound ln tbo prolound porloct and
brlgbt mlnd.
The Ten Categories of Animals (Birds, etc.)
`Furtbor, nanda, wbon a|| karmlc ollocts bavo boon com-
p|oto| ondurod ln tbo roa|m ol bungr gbosts, tbat ls altor tbo
consoquoncos ol passlons and tbougbts bavo ondod, tbo
wl|| bo roborn as anlma|s (blrds, otc.) wbo moot tbolr lormor
crodltors to ropa outstandlng dobts.
. `Strango Gbosts, altor oxplatlng tbolr mlsdoods ln
tbolr roa|ms, aro most| roborn as ow|s.
2. `Drougbt Gbosts, altor oxplatlng tbolr mlsdoods ln
tbolr roa|m, aro most| roborn as un|uck croaturos (wbo
loroto|| mlslortunos and ca|amltlos).
3. `Anlma| Gbosts, altor oxplatlng tbolr mlsdoods ln
tbolr roa|m, aro most| roborn as loxos.
26
4. `Noxlous Gbosts, altor oxplatlng tbolr mlsdoods ln
tbolr roa|m, aro most| roborn as vonomous croaturos.
5. `Cruo| Gbosts, altor oxplatlng tbolr mlsdoods ln tbolr
roa|m, aro most| roborn as tapoworms.
6. `Starvod Gbosts, altor oxplatlng tbolr mlsdoods ln
tbolr roa|m, aro most| roborn as croaturos good lor lood.
7. `Nlgbtmarlsb Gbosts, altor oxplatlng tbolr mlsdoods
ln tbolr roa|m, aro most| roborn as croaturos wbo provldo
matorla|s lor c|otblng.
S. `Nalads, altor oxplatlng tbolr mlsdoods ln tbolr roa|m,
aro most| roborn as croaturos tbrougb wbom tbo luturo can
bo loroto|d.
. `Sorvant Gbosts, altor oxplatlng tbolr mlsdoods ln
tbolr roa|m, aro most| roborn as ausplclous croaturos.
0. `Mossongor Gbosts, altor oxplatlng tbolr mlsdoods
ln tbolr roa|m, aro most| roborn as domostlc anlma|s.
`nanda, tboso bungr gbosts, altor wltborlng bocauso
ol tbo scorcblng olloct ol tbo l|amo ol tbolr passlons to ropa
tbolr lormor dobts, aro tbus roborn as anlma|s (blrds, otc.)
Tboso statos aro causod b tbolr karmlc mlsdoods but ll tbo
awakon to tbo Bodbl mlnd, tbo wl|| llnd tbat tbo causos ol
la|sobood lundamonta|| do not oxlst. You bavo montlonod
Bblksuni Fragranco ol Proclous Lotus, Klng Crsta| and
Bblksu Sanaksatra, but (ou sbou|d know tbat) tbolr ovl|
karmas camo lrom noltbor boavon nor oartb, nor woro tbo
lmposod on tbom b otbors. Slnco tbolr ovl| doods woro so|l-
mado, tbo bad to sullor lrom tbo consoquoncos wblcb woro
tbo congoa|atlon ol passlng la|so tbougbts ln tbo Bodbl mlnd.
262
`Furtbor, nanda, ll tboso croaturos, wbl|o palng tbolr
lormor dobts, aro mado to ropa moro tban ls ust, tbo wl||
bo roborn as mon to roc|alm tbo dllloronco. ll tbo crodltors
aro mon ol good vlrtuo and can ropa tbo outstandlng ba|-
anco, tbo wl|| koop tbolr buman stato wbl|o dolng so, but ll
tbo aro mon ol |ltt|o vlrtuo, tbo wl|| bo roborn as anlma|s to
mako good tbo amount rocolvod ln oxcoss.
`nanda, ou sbou|d know tbat ll tbo lndobtodnoss
conslsts ol mono and |abour, lt wl|| bo canco||od as soon as
lt bas boon rolmbursod. But ll ln addltlon to rocovorlng lt, tbo
croaturos concornod aro kl||od to provldo lood (lor tbo crod-
ltors), tbls wl|| start, botwoon dobtors and crodltors, an ond-
|oss round ol mutua| kl||lng and oatlng wblcb can bo brougbt
to an ond on| b (tbo practlco ol) Samatba or wbon a
Buddba appoars ln tbo wor|d (to toacb tbom tbo Dbarma).
The Ten Categories in the Realm of Human Beings
. `You sbou|d know tbat ow|s, altor ropalng tbolr lormor dobts
aro roborn as waward mon ln tbo roa|m ol buman bolngs.
2. `lnausplclous croaturos, altor ropalng tbolr lormor
dobts, aro roborn as mon wltb anlma| bablts.
3. `Foxos, altor ropalng tbolr lormor dobts, aro roborn
as vu|gar mon.
4. `Vonomous croaturos, altor ropalng tbolr lormor
dobts, aro roborn as savagos.
5. `Tapoworms, altor ropalng tbolr lormor dobts, aro
roborn as vl|o mon.
263
6. `Croaturos good lor lood, altor ropalng tbolr lormor
dobts, aro roborn as cowards.
7. `Anlma|s provldlng matorla|s lor woarlng apparo|,
altor ropalng tbolr lormor dobts, aro roborn as sorvl|o mon.
S. `Croaturos tbrougb wbom tbo luturo can bo loroto|d,
altor ropalng tbolr lormor dobts, aro roborn as |ltorar mon.
. `Ausplclous croaturos, altor ropalng tbolr lormor
dobts, aro roborn as lnto||lgont mon.
0. `Domostlc anlma|s, altor ropalng tbolr lormor
dobts, aro roborn as mon vorsod ln tbo was ol tbo wor|d.
`nanda, tboso |lvlng bolngs, altor ropalng tbolr dobts,
aro roborn ln tbo roa|m ol buman bolngs bocauso slnco tbo
tlmo wltbout boglnnlng, tbo bavo, on account ol tbolr karma
and porvorslon, kl||od ono anotbor and bavo not mot tbo
Buddba or board tbo rlgbt Dbarma, bonco tbolr transmlgra-
tlon accordlng to tbo |aw ol sams5ra, tbo aro most pltlab|o.
The Ten Categories in the Realm of Seers (is)
`nanda, tboro aro mon wbo, lnstoad ol cu|tlvatlng tbo
Sam5dbl ol rlgbt Bodbl, practlso (lmmorta|lt) wrong|
accordlng to tbolr la|so tbougbts, tbus prosorvlng tbolr tblnk-
lng and bodlos, tbo aro lond ol |lvlng ln mountalns, grovos
and unlnbabltab|o p|acos. Tboro aro ton c|assos ol tbom.
. `nanda, tboso mon wbo dlot (spocla||) to prosorvo
tbolr bodlos and tborob |lvo |ong tbrougb dlotlng, aro ca||od
oartbbound soors.
2. `Tboso wbo tako borbs and lrults to prosorvo tbolr
264
bodlos and tborob |lvo |ong tbrougb taklng modlclno, aro
ca||od l|lng soors.
3. `Tboso wbo tako mlnora| products to prosorvo tbolr
bodlos and tborob |lvo |ong b moans ol a|cbom, aro ca||od
unblndorod roamlng soors.
4. `Tboso wbo rogu|ato tbolr (organlc) lunctlons to pro-
sorvo tbolr bodlos and tborob |lvo |ong b moans ol propor
broatblng, aro ca||od lmmatorla| soors.
5. `Tboso wbo mako good uso ol contro||lng tbolr sa|lva
to prosorvo tbolr bodlos and tborob |lvo |ong b moans ol
tbolr g|owlng splrltua|lt, aro ca||od boavon| soors.
6. `Tboso wbo lood on tbo vlta| prlnclp|o ol naturo to
prosorvo tbo ossonco ol lorm, and tborob |lvo |ong b ab-
sorblng natura| purlt, aro ca||od a||-ontorlng soors.
7. `Tboso wbo uso lncantatlons to prosorvo tbolr bodlos
and tborob |lvo |ong b moans ol occu|tlsm, aro ca||od soors
ol tbo (|ossor) Tao.
S. `Tboso wbo concontrato on tbolr tbougbts to pro-
sorvo tbolr bodlos and tborob |lvo |ong b moans ol monta|
concontratlon aro ca||od l||umlnatlng soors.
. `Tboso wbo practlso tbo lntogratlon ol (tbo posltlvo
and nogatlvo) prlnclp|os to prosorvo tbolr bodlos and tborob
|lvo |ong b moans ol tbo splrltua| barnosslng powor (ol oga)
aro ca||od splrltua| soors.
0. `Tboso wbo practlso sub|lmatlon ol tbolr bodlos
and tborob |lvo |ong b moans ol splrltua| awaronoss aro
soors ol tbo blgbost ordor.
`nanda, tboso mon rogu|ato tbolr mlnds but do not
265
practlso tbo rlgbt Bodbl, and |lvo lor porbaps a tbousand and
ton tbousand oars, tbo |lvo on blgb mountalns or (dosort)
ls|ands and cut oll a|| wor|d| connoctlons. Tbolr statos stl||
bo|ong to tbo samsarlc stroam ol wrong tbougbts, and slnco
tbo do not practlso Sam5dbl, wbon tbo bavo onood tbolr
condltlonod b|osslng, tbo wl|| bavo to roturn to tbo (|owor)
p|anos ol oxlstonco.
The Realm of the Gods (Devaloka)
The Six Heavens of the Realm of Desire (Kmadhtu)
. `nanda, tboro aro mon wbo do not sook tbo pormanont
bocauso tbo cannot ro|lnqulsb tbolr |ovo lor tbolr wlvos.
Tbo, bowovor, do not commlt adu|tor, and so tbolr mlnds
aro c|oar and brlgbt. Altor tbolr doatb, tbo wl|| bo roborn ln
tbo roglons noar tbo sun and tbo moon, ca||od tbo lour boav-
ons ol tbo lour dova-klngs (catur-mab5r5a-k5lka).
27
2. `Tboro aro mon wbo, tbougb |lvlng wltb tbolr wlvos,
aro |ukowarm about |ovo and soxua| doslro. Tbolr cbastlt ls,
tboroloro, not porloct and so, altor tbolr doatb, tbo wl|| bo
roborn ln tbo roglons abovo tbo sun and tbo moon and on
tbo top ol tbo world, ca||od tbo Traastrlms5 boavons.2S
3. `Tboso wboso soxua| lndu|gonco ls on| lncldonta|
2
27. Tbo aro lndra`s lour oxtorna| `gonora|s` wbo dwo|| oacb on a sldo ol mount Sumoru: tbo oast dova
ls ca||od Dbrtar5stra, tbo soutb dova, Vlrudbaka, tbo wost dova, Vlrup5ksa, and tbo nortb dova,
Valsramana. Tbo aro guardlans ol tbo wor|d and tbolr statuos aro lnsldo tbo ontranco door ol ovor
monastor ln Cblna.
2S. Tbo aro tbo boavons ol tbo tblrt-tbroo dovas, tbo boavon ol lndra on mount Sumoru.
2. Tbo stl|| bo|ong to tbo wor|d ol doslro.
266
and ls tbon a|was lorgotton,
220
and wbo prolor tranqul||lt
to dlsturbanco, wl||, altor tbolr doatb, bo roborn ln spaco
wboro tbo wl|| dwo|| ln brlgbtnoss wblcb oc|lpsos tbo |lgbt ol
tbo sun and moon bocauso ol tbolr |umlnous bodlos.
22
Tbls
ls tbo Su5ma boavon.
4. `Tboso wbo |lvo ln tranqul||lt at a|| tlmos but aro stl||
not ot lmmuno to dlsturbanco, wl|| altor tbolr doatb, bo
roborn ln tbo subt|o roglon wblcb ls boond tbo roacb ol mon
and |owor dovas and wblcb romalns unalloctod b tbo tbroo
ca|amltlos (ol llro, wator and wlnd) durlng tbo ka|pa ol wor|d-
dostructlon. Tbls ls tbo Tuslta boavon.
222
5. `Tboso wbo bavo ro|lnqulsbod a|| soxua| doslros but
aro proparod to satlsl tboso ol tbolr wlvos and wbo loo| as ll
tbo cbow (tasto|oss) wax durlng tbo lntorcourso, wl||, altor
tbolr doatb, bo roborn ln tbo roglon attalnab|o b |oaps and
bounds (dlroct lrom tbo roa|m ol buman bolngs).
223
Tbls ls
tbo Nlrm5naratl boavon.
224
6. `Tboso wbo bavo cut oll tbolr wor|d| mlnds and aro
tbus lroo lrom oartb| proudlcos wbon doa|lng wltb wor|d-
|lngs wl||, altor tbolr doatb, bo roborn ln tbo roglon boond
tboso wboro o ls attalnab|o
225
and unattalnab|o
226
at wl||.
220. Tbo bavo ro|lnqulsbod |ovo.
22. Tbolr soxua| lndu|gonco conslsts ol ombraclng, wltbout lntorcourso.
222. Tbls ls tbo boavon ol contontmont wblcb bas an lnnor court, tbo Puro Land ol Maltroa wbo wl||
doscond to oartb as tbo noxt Buddba. Most Buddblsts wbo tako tbo vow to |lborato a|| |lvlng bolngs
altor tbolr own on|lgbtonmont, wl|| bo roborn tboro and wl|| lo||ow Maltroa, as asslstants, to toacb
buman bolngs altor tbo prosont Dbarma-ondlng ago.
223. Wltbout passlng tbrougb tbo lour |owor boavons.
224. Wboro ovor lorm ol o ls attalnab|o at wl|| and wboro moro sml|os satlsl soxua| doslros.
225. Tbo Nlrm5naratl boavon wboro o ls attalnab|o at wl||.
226. Tbo llrst lour |owor boavons wboro o cannot bo attalnod at wl||.
267
Tbls ls tbo Paranlrmltavasavartln boavon.
227
`nanda, tbougb tboso slx roa|ms ol boavons aro lroo
lrom (monta|) dlsturbancos, tbo stl|| rotaln tbo concoptlon
ol mlnd, bonco tbo aro ca||od, roa|ms ol doslros.
The Four Regions of the Dhyna Heavens of the Realm of Form
(Rpadhtu)
The first region of the three dhyna heavens
. `nanda, a|| wor|d| mon wbo do not practlso db5na ln
tbolr cu|tlvatlon ol tbo Mlnd, cannot acblovo Wlsdom. ll tbo
on| abstaln lrom soxua| doslros ol wblcb tbo do not ovon
tblnk ln tbolr dal| actlvltlos, tbo wl|| not bo contamlnatod b
|ovo and wl|| |oavo tbo roa|m ol doslros. Tbo wl|| bo roborn,
as tbo wlsb, as poop|o (Brabm5-p5rlsada) ln tbo boavon
ca||od Brabm5-k5lka.
22S
2. `Tboso wbo ro|lnqulsb tbolr bablts ol doslro and so
roa|lzo mlnds lroo lrom |ust, aro ab|o to koop tbo ru|os ol
mora|lt and dlsclp|lno and to |lvo puro| wbatovor tbo do.
Tbo wl|| bo roborn as mlnlstors ol Brabm5 ln tbo boavon
ca||od Brabm5-purobltas.
22
3. `Tboso wboso bodlos and mlnds aro prolound and
porloct, wboso doportmont and puro |lvlng aro lrroproacb-
ab|o and wbo tborob acblovo c|oar undorstandlng, aro qua|-
lllod to ru|o ovor tbo Brabm5dovas as tbolr |ords
(Mab5brabm5-dova-r5a). Tbls ls tbo Mabbrabm5 boavon.
227. Tbo abodo ol Mabosvara (l.o. Slva) and ol M5ra, wboro tbo dovas aval| tbomso|vos ol tbo morlts ol
otbors lor tbolr own p|oasuros, and wboro tbo |ook at tbo opposlto sox to satlsl tbolr soxua| doslros.
22S. Tbo rotlnuo ol Brabm5.
22. Tbo mlnlstors ol Brabm5.
26S
`nanda, tboso tbroo boavons aro lroo lrom a|| wor|d|
troub|os wblcb cannot roacb tbom. A|tbougb tboso gods do
not practlso tbo rlgbt Sam5dbl, tbolr mlnds aro stl|| and lroo
lrom a|| dlsturbancos. Tbls ls tbo llrst roglon ol tbo db5na
boavons.
The second region of the three dhyna heavens
. `nanda, noxt comos tbo boavon ol Brabm wbo rolgns
ovor bls poop|o and porlocts tbo ru|os ol puro |lvlng and wboso
unporturbod mlnd ls stl|| and sblnlng. Tbls ls tbo boavon ol
Mlnor Llgbt (Paritt5bba).
2. `Tbo abovo |lgbt grows brlgbtor and l||umlnos a|| tbo
wor|ds ln tbo ton dlroctlons tborob cbanglng ovortblng lnto
c|oar crsta|. Tbls ls tbo boavon ol lnllnlto Llgbt (Apram5n5bba).
3. `Tbo prosorvatlon ol tbls lnllnlto Llgbt now bocomos
tbo tbomo ol tbo toacblng volco tbat proacbos purlt, and
c|oannoss to a|| wbo can rospond. Tbls ls tbo bb5svara
boavon.
230
`nanda, tboso tbroo boavons aro boond a|| wor|d|
troub|os and a|tbougb tbolr dovas do not practlso tbo rlgbt
Sam5dbl, tbolr puro and c|oan mlnds aro lroo lrom a|| tbo
coarso cbaractorlstlcs ol sams5ra. Tbls ls tbo socond roglon ol
tbo db5na boavons.
The third region of the three dhyna heavens
. `nanda, tbus tboso dovas transmuto tbls porloct |lgbt
lnto tbo tbomo ol tbo volco wblcb rovoa|s tbo wondorlu|
(stato) and tborob glvos rlso to puro conduct tbat unltos
230. Tbo boavon ln wblcb tbo lnbabltants convorso b |lgbt lnstoad ol words.
26
wltb db5na b wlplng out (a|| lormor loo|lngs ol) o. Tbls
ls tbo boavon ol Mlnor Purlt (Parittasubba).
2. `Puro voldnoss now manllosts ln lts bound|oss lm-
monslt causlng botb bod and mlnd to oxporlonco comlort-
ab|o wolgbt|ossnoss and nlrvanlc b|lss. Tbls ls tbo boavon ol
lnllnlto Purlt (Apram5nasubba).
3. `Bod, mlnd and unlvorso aro now ln tbo stato ol
porloct purlt, wblcb rovoa|s c|oar| a supramundano abodo
lu|| ol nlrvanlc b|lss. Tbls ls tbo boavon ol Unlvorsa| Purlt
(Subbakrtsna).
`nanda, tboso tbroo boavons accord wltb tbo (stato ol)
porloct db5na ln wblcb bod and mlnd aro at rost and ono
bound|oss b|lss. A|tbougb tbolr dovas bavo not acblovod tbo
rlgbt Sam5dbl, tbolr stl|| mlnds aro lu|| ol bapplnoss. Tbls ls
tbo tblrd roglon ol tbo db5na boavons.
The fourth region of the four dhyna heavens
. `Furtbor, nanda, tboso dovas wboso bodlos and mlnds
aro boond a|| sullorlngs tbo causos ol wblcb bavo boon com-
p|oto| wlpod out, roa|lzo tbat b|lss ls not pormanont and wl||
ln tlmo lnovltab| como to an ond. Tbo, tboroloro, ro|lnqulsb
comp|oto| tbo dua| concopt ol sullorlng and bapplnoss and,
as tbo wlpo out tbo coarso cbaractorlstlcs ol botb condltlons,
tbo stato ol lo|lclt manllosts ln a|| lts purlt. Tbls ls tbo boavon
ol lo|lcltous blrtb (Punaprasava).
2. `Tbo o|lmlnatlon (ol tbo abovo dua|lt) rosu|ts ln tbolr
comp|oto |lboratlon lrom tbls blndranco and onab|os tbom to
ono tbo lu|| moasuro ol lo|lclt as |ong as tbo sta ln tbls
270
boavon. Tbls ls tbo boavon ol lo|lcltous do|lgbt, or c|oud|oss
lo|lclt (Anabbraka).
3. `nanda, tbo (abovo) boavon now dlvldos lnto
two patbs, ono ol wblcb ls attalnab|o b tboso wbo, ln tbo
|lgbt ol bound|oss purlt, acblovo tbo porloctlon ol lo|lclt
as tbolr abodo. Tbls ls tbo boavon ol Abundant Frult
(Brbatpba|a).
4. `(On tbo otbor band) ll tbo wlpo out botb sullorlng
and bapplnoss tborob dovo|oplng a ronounclng mlnd,
wblcb ln tlmo onsuros tbolr comp|oto ronunclatlon, botb tbolr
bodlos and mlnds wl|| bo o|lmlnatod and wltb tbom a|| monta|
troub|os. But bocauso tbolr practlco ls basod on tbo samsarlc
ldoa (ol blrtb and doatb) as a polnt ol doparturo, tbo wl||
not, lor llvo bundrod aoons, roa|lzo tbolr pormanont naturo.
Tbo roason ls tbat ln ovor ka|pa tbo can on| succood
durlng lts llrst ba|l ln wlplng out a|| tbolr tbougbts wblcb,
bowovor, wl|| rocur durlng lts socond ba|l (bocauso ol tbo
wrong startlng polnt). Tbls ls tbo boavon ol tbougbt|oss dovas
(Asalsattva).
`nanda, tboso lour boavons ato boond a|| world|
sullorlng and bapplnoss wblcb can no moro stlr tbom. But
tbo bavo not ot roacbod tbo truo stato ol transcondonta|
(wu wol) lmmutabl|lt bocauso tbo (stl||) prosorvo tbo notlon
ol acblovomont. For tbls olllclont acblovomont, tbo aro
ca||od tbo lourtb roglon ol tbo db5na boavons.
The five heavens from which there is no return
`Furtbor, nanda, abovo tbo lourtb roglon ol tbo db5na
27
boavons tboro aro llvo boavons lrom wblcb tboro ls no
roturn,
23
wboso dovas bavo comp|oto| cut oll a|| bablts
contractod tbrougb tbo nlno tpos ol do|uslon ol oacb ol tbo
|owor boavons.
232
Tbo aro tbus boond sullorlng
233
and
bapplnoss
234
and dwo|| no moro ln tboso lnlorlor boavons.
Honco tbolr prosont abodos sot up b tbolr acblovomont ol
ronunclatlon. (Tbo aro):
l. `nanda, wltb tbo comp|oto o|lmlnatlon ol botb sul-
lorlng and bapplnoss, tbo strugg|lng mlnd coasos to arlso ln
tbls boavon wblcb ls lroo lrom troub|o and ls ca||od Avrba.
2. `Tboro romalns now tbo so|ltar ronounclng mlnd
tbat no |ongor conlronts obocts ln tbls boavon wblcb ls lroo
lrom tbo boat (ol mlnor troub|o) and ls ca||od Atapa.
3. `A|| tbo wor|ds ln tbo ton dlroctlons aro now c|oar|
porcolvod as porloct| stl|| wltbout ovon a spock ol lmpurlt
ln tbls boavon ol oxco||ont porcoptlon, ca||od Sudarsana.
4. `Tbo ossonco ol soolng now manllosts and dlsso|vos
a|| (subt|o) blndrancos ln tbls boavon ol oxco||ont manllosta-
tlons ca||od Sudrsa.
5. `Tbo utmost subt|ot ol lorm |oads to lts oxtromo |lmlt
wboro starts bound|oss spaco ln tbls u|tlmato boavon ol (lln-
ost) lorm, ca||od Akanlstba.
`nanda, tboso (llvo) boavons lrom wblcb tboro ls no
roturn aro lmporcoptlb|o to tbo dova klngs ol tbo lour db5na
23. Tbo dovas ol tboso llvo boavons wl|| not roturn to tbo roa|m ol doslro or to tbo lour llrst db5na
boavons ol tbo roa|m ol lorm.
232. Soo p. 244, noto 2, lor a lu|| doscrlptlon ol tbo nlno c|assos ol do|uslon.
233. Sullorlng ln tbo roa|m ol doslro.
234. Happlnoss ln tbo llrst db5na boavons.
272
boavons wbo on| boar ol tbolr oxlstonco but cannot soo
tbom. Tbo aro |lko tboso bo| sltos (bodblmanda|as) sltuatod
doop ln tbo mountalns, wblcb aro tbo abodos ol Arbats and
wblcb no wor|d|lng can soo.
`nanda, tbo abovo aro tbo olgbtoon boavons ol lorm
wboso dovas aro so|ltarlos boond a|| doslros, but aro stl|| bln-
dorod b tbolr lorms. Tboso boavons aro, tboroloro, ln tbo
roa|m ol lorm.
The Four Heavens of the Formless Realm of
Pure Spirit (Arpadhtu)
The state of the Great Arhat
`Furtbor, nanda, tbo roglon abovo tbo top ol tbo roa|m ol
lorm ls dlvldod lnto two patbs. ll tbo ronounclng mlnds ol
tboso dovas croato (transcondonta|) wlsdom, tbo |lgbt ol
wblcb ls porloct| ponotratlng, tbo wl|| |oap ovor sams5ra to
bocomo Arbats (|ator) to ontor tbo Bodblsattva stato. Tbo
aro ca||od Groat Arbats wboso mlnds aro turnod towards
Mab55na.
The four heavens beyond form
. `On tbo otbor band, ll altor acqulrlng a ronounclng mlnd,
tbo ro|lnqulsb tbls acblovomont and loo| tbat tbolr bodlos
aro no |ongor obstructlvo, tbo wl|| romovo a|| obstac|os to
ontor tbo vold. Tbls ls tbo boavon ol bound|oss omptlnoss
(k5s5nant5atana).
2. `ll altor wlplng out a|| obstructlon, tbo koop awa
lrom bound|oss voldnoss, tbo wl|| rotaln on| tbo subt|o ba|l
273
ol (k|lsta-) mano-vl5na
235
ln tbo 5|aa. Tbls ls tbo boavon
ol bound|oss consclousnoss. (Vl5n5nant5atana).
3. `Wltb tbo o|lmlnatlon ol botb lorm and voldnoss and
tbo addltlona| oradlcatlon ol consclousnoss, a|| tbo ton dlroc-
tlons wl|| bo comp|oto| stl||, morglng lnto notblngnoss. Tbls
boavon ls ca||od Aklcan5atana.
236
4. `Consclousnoss now bocomos lmmovab|o awaro-
noss, tbus ondlng a|| lurtbor oxbaustlvo soarcb. As a rosu|t,
tbo lnoxbaustlb|o rovoa|s tbo oxbaustlb|o wblcb sooms to, ot
doos not, sta and wblcb sooms to, ot doos not, ond. Tbls ls
tbo boavon ol dovas wbo aro noltbor tbougbtlu| nor tbougbt-
|oss (Nalvasam5nasam5atana).
The Angmin stage
`Tbougb tbo dovas ol tbo lour boavons boond lorm succood
ln |ooklng oxbaustlvo| lnto tbo vold, tbo lal| to roa|lzo tbo
abso|uto voldnoss ol (lmmatorla|) noumonon. Tbo a|| como
lrom tbo llvo boavons ol lorm lrom wblcb tboro ls no roturn
and ll tbo do not stra lrom tbo bo| Wa, tbo aro ca||od
(An5g5mlns ol) Arbatsblp wboso du|| mlnds aro not turnod
towards Mab55na.
`Howovor, ll tbo lo||ow tbougbt|oss dovas ol tbo bot-
orodox wa and sta ln tbls lnoxbaustlb|o voldnoss, tbo wl||
do|lgbt ln samsarlc boavons and wl|| bo doprlvod ol tbo
cbanco ol boarlng tbo Dbarma, tbo wl|| llna|| bo turnod
back to tbo wboo| ol blrtbs and doatbs.
235. Tbo coarso ba|l ol tbo sovontb consclousnoss ls lorm wblcb was wlpod out oar|lor and lts subt|o ba|l
ls 5|aa`s suboctlvo porcoptlon, or Ego.
236. Tbo roglon wboro notblng oxlsts and wboro on| consclousnoss ln lts subt|ot romalns. lt ls not tbo
u|tlmato and stl|| portalns to Sams5ra.
274
`nanda, a|| tbo dovas ln tboso boavons woro onco
wor|d| mon wboso roward causod tbolr roblrtb tboro, and
altor onolng lts lrult, tbo wl|| bavo to roturn to Sams5ra.
Howovor, tbolr ru|ors (dovar5a) aro Bodblsattvas wbo, ln tbolr
practlco ol Sam5dbl, appoar ln tbolr boavons wblcb tbo uso
as patbs lor tbolr progrosslvo advanco towards Buddbabood.
`nanda, tbo dovas ln tboso lour boavons boond lorm
bavo wlpod out a|| tracos ol bod and mlnd. As tbolr stl|| (db5-
na) naturo bas appoarod, tbo aro lroo lrom a|| rotrlbutlon ln-
vo|vlng (matorla|) lorms. Honco tbls ls tbo roglon boond lorm.
`A|| tbls comos lrom tbolr bolng not c|oar about tbo pro-
lound mlnd ol Bodbl and bocauso ol tbolr prosorvatlon ol ac-
cumu|atod tbougbts, tbo croato tbo tbroo l||usor roa|ms ol
oxlstonco tbrougb tbo sovon statos,
237
bonco tbo aro |lvlng
bolngs (pudga|a)
23S
ln tbo wor|ds tbo bavo dosorvod.
The Four Classes in the Realm of Titans (Asura-gati)
`Furtbor, nanda, tboro aro lour c|assos ol asuras ln tbo tbreo
roa|ms ol oxlstonco.
. `ll a bungr gbost, wbl|o ln bls roa|m, strlvos to pro-
toct tbo Dbarma and tborob usos bls poworlu| undorstand-
lng to ontor tbo vold, bo wl|| bo roborn lrom an ogg as an
asura wbo ls connoctod wltb tbo roa|m ol bungr gbosts.
2. `ll a dova, bocauso ol bls dlmlnlsblng morlts, ls about
to la|| lnto tbo roglon noar tbo sun and tbo moon, bo wl|| bo
237. Tbo sovon statos or gatl aro: bo|| (n5rakagatl), bungr gbost (prota), anlma| (tlragonl), man
(manusa), soor (rsl), god (dova), and tltan (asura).
23S. Llvlng bolngs suboct to motompscbosls.
275
roborn lrom a womb as an asura wbo ls connoctod wltb tbo
roa|m ol buman bolngs.
3. `A klng ol tbo asuras wbo ru|os ovor (tbo gbosts and
splrlts ln) tbo wor|d, ls poworlu| and loar|oss and can llgbt lor
powor agalnst Brabm5 and bls poop|o, Sakra and tbo lour
klngs ol tbo lour (|owor) boavons. Tbls asura ls born b trans-
lormatlon and ls connoctod wltb tbo roa|m ol boavons.
4. `nanda, tboro ls anotbor lnlorlor c|ass ol asuras wbo
aro born ln tbo soa on tbo bod ol wblcb tbo |lvo ln bo|os.
Tbo roam ln spaco durlng tbo da and roturn to tbo soa at
nlgbt. Tboso asuras aro born lrom bumldlt and aro connoct-
od wltb tbo roa|m ol anlma|s (blrds, otc.).
`nanda, tbo abovo sovon roa|ms ol bo||s, bungr gbosts,
anlma|s (blrds, otc.), mon, soors, boavons and tltans como lrom
tbolr own l||uslons ol wor|d| lorms. Tbo aro croatod b tbolr
wrong tblnklng and aro |lko l|owors ln tbo sk wltbln tbolr pro-
lound, porloct, brlgbt and non-croatlng lundamonta| mlnds.
Essontla|| tbo are not ln bondago to antblng, and aro (tbo
product ol) la|sobood wblcb bas noltbor root nor c|uo.
`nanda, tboso |lvlng bolngs aro unawaro ol tbolr lun-
damonta| mlnds and so sullor lrom tbls round ol blrtbs and
doatbs ln sams5ra. ll tbo bavo passod count|oss aoons wltb-
out roa|lzlng tbo truo and puro (mlnd), lt ls bocauso tbo bavo
kl||od, sto|on and boon carna| tbo coaslng ol wblcb bas
causod tbom to bo roborn wboro tboso acts aro unknown.
23
Wboro tboso acts oxlst ls ca||od tbo roa|m ol bungr gbosts
and wboro tbo do not ls ca||od tbo roa|m ol dovas. Tbo pros-
23. Tbo roa|m ol dovas.
276
onco or absonco ol tboso tbroo ovl|s a|tornato and causo tbo
wboo| ol Sams5ra to turn.
`ll tbo acblovo Sam5dbl, tbo wl|| roa|lzo tbo pro-
lound, otorna| and stl|| stato wblcb ls lroo lrom tbo dua|lt
ol oxlstonco and non-oxlstonco, and ls a|so boond tbls
vor lroodom lrom dua|lt.
240
ln sucb a stato wboro ovon
non-kl||lng, non-stoa|lng and non-carna|lzlng cannot bo
lound, bow can tboro bo sucb ovl|s as kl||lng, stoa|lng and
carna|lt
24
`nanda, ll an lndlvldua| doos not abstaln lrom tboso
tbroo ovl| doods, bo wl|| sullor lrom ovl| consoquoncos. ll a
group ol lndlvldua|s commlt tbom, tbo wl|| a|| onduro tbo
samo sullorlng ln tbo samo p|aco wblcb cannot bo sald to bo
non-oxlstont. Howovor, tbls (p|aco) arlsos lrom la|sobood
wblcb bas no causo and cannot bo sougbt anwboro.
`As ou strlvo to roa|lzo Bodbl, ou sbou|d wlpo out
tboso tbroo ovl|s. ll ou do not, wbatovor supornatura| powor
ou ma acqulro lrom our practlco stl|| portalns to wor|d|
acblovomont. ll our (vlclous) bablts aro not cut oll, ou wl||
la|| lnto tbo roa|m ol domons, and ovon ll ou tbon want to
wlpo out la|sobood, ou wl|| on| lncroaso lt. Tboroloro, tbo
Tatb5gata sas tbat ou arc most pltlab|o bocauso our sul-
lorlngs aro so|l-lnl|lctod and do not como lrom an doloct ol
Bodbl.
`Tbo abovo proacblng ls rlgbt and an otbor ls tbat ol
tbo domon (Mra).`
240. Tbo u|tlmato stato ls noltbor Sams5ra wboro tbo tbroo ovl|s oxlst nor Nlrv5na wboro tbo do not.
24. A puro stato wblcb ls lroo lrom a|| dua|ltlos.
277
VIII
Warning to Practisers: The Fifty False States
Caused by the Five Aggregates
States of Mra Caused by the Five Aggregates
As tbo gatborlng drow to a c|oso, tbo Buddba graspod tbo
toapo and mado a movo to rlso lrom Hls |lon soat wbon sud-
don| bo cbangod bls mlnd, |oant back and sald to nanda
and tbo assomb|: `You sr5vakas and pratoka-buddbas nood
to stud moro ln our quost ol Supromo Bodbl: l bavo taugbt
ou tbo motbod ol corroct cu|tlvatlon but ou stl|| do not know
tbo subt|o statos ol M5ra wblcb appoar wbon ou practlso
samatba-vlpasan5. Wbon tbo manllost, ll ou lal| to dlstln-
gulsb tbom and ll our mlnds aro not ln a rlgbt stato, ou wl||
la|| lnto tbo ovl| was ol oltbor tbo domons or our llvo aggro-
gatos, ol tbo boavon| M5ras, ol gbosts and splrlts, or ol mls-
cblovous sprltos. ll ou aro not. c|oar about tbom, ou wl||
mlstako tblovos lor our own sons. Furtbor, ou ma rogard
somo |ltt|o progross as comp|oto acblovomont, |lko tbo untu-
torod Bblksu
242
wbo wbon bo roacbod tbo lourtb db5na
boavon prosumod tbat bo bad bocomo a salnt, altor bo bad on-
ood bls roward ln boavon, a|| lndlcatlons ol bls approacblng
la|| appoarod. As bo vl|lllod tbo arbats, bo croatod tbo karma ol
242. A monk wbo rolusod to boar tbo Dbarma bocauso bo tbougbt tbat b moro| stopplng a|| tblnklng
bo bad attalnod salntbood.
27S
luturo lncarnatlon and tbon lo|| lnto tbo avicl bo||. You sbou|d
|lston carolu|| to wbat l now to|| ou ln dotal|.`
nanda roso lrom bls soat and, wltb a|| tboso roqulrlng
lurtbor stud, prostratod blmso|l at tbo Buddba`s loot and
awaltod Hls compasslonato lnstructlon.
Tbo Buddba sald: `You sbou|d a|| know tbat tbo c|oar
substanco ol tbo prolound and brlgbt baslc Bodbl ol a|| |lvlng
bolngs ol tbo two|vo tpos ol blrtb ln sams5ra ls tbat ol a||
Buddbas ln tbo ton dlroctlons. lt ls bocauso ou tblnk wrong|
tbat ou aro not c|oar about tbo noumonon and so bocomo
stupld and lu|| ol doslros wblcb |oad to our comp|oto do|u-
slon. Honco tbo (ro|atlvo) voldnoss, and as ou aro a|was do-
|udod, tbo wor|d ls la|so| croatod. A|| countrlos count|oss as
dust aro ln sams5ra bocauso ol our obstlnato wrong tblnklng.
But ou sbou|d know tbat (ro|atlvo) voldnoss ls croatod ln
our mlnds, |lko a sma|| c|oud tbat ls but a spock ln tbo groat
omptlnoss, bow mucb moro so ls tbo wor|d wblcb ls wltbln tbls
(ro|atlvo) voldnoss ll ou roa|lzo tbo roa| to roturn to tbo
sourco, tbo vold ln tbo ton dlroctlons wl|| vanlsb. Wb, tbon,
wl|| not a|| tbo countrlos ln tbat voldnoss sbako and crack
`Wbon ou practlso db5na to prosorvo tbo stato ol
sam5dbl, a|| Bodblsattvas, and a|| groat arbats wboso ossonco
ol mlnd ls a|road ponotratlvo, aro unmovod, but tbo klngs ol
tbo domons, gbosts, splrlts and |owor boavons aro sbockod
to soo tbolr pa|acos broak opon wltbout causo and tbo groat
oartb sbako and crack, a|| tboso on oartb and ln tbo alr tako
lrlgbt wboroas wor|d| mon wbo aro do|udod do not loo| an-
tblng, bocauso tboso domons, tbougb tbo bavo acqulrod
27
llvo supornatura| powors,
243
stl|| lal| to roa|lzo transcondonta|
lnslgbt lnto tbo ondlng ol tbo stroam ol transmlgratlon
244
lor
tbo bavo not brokon tbolr |lnks wltb sams5ra, bow can tbo
|ot ou dostro tbolr dwo||lngs Tbls ls wb tbo como to
troub|o and anno ou wbon ou ontor tbo stato ol sam5dbl.
`Howovor, ln splto ol tbolr rago, tboso domons aro tboro
ln our prolound stato ol bodbl and aro |lko poop|o trlng ln
valn to b|ow out sun|lgbt and to cut wator wltb a sword, wbl|o
ou aro |lko bol|lng wator tbat mo|ts so|ld lco. Tbougb tbo
ro| on tbolr supor natura| powors, tbo aro but oxtorna|s and
wl|| on| succood ln dostrolng ou ll ou, wbo own tbo llvo
aggrogatos ln our mlnds, aro do|udod and |ot tbom do so.
For tboso domons cannot barm ou ln our stato ol db5na
ll ou aro awakonod and aro not do|udod. ll ou wlpo out tbo
(llvo) aggrogatos, ou wl|| ontor tbo stato ol brlgbtnoss wboro-
ln a|| domons aro but dark vapours. Slnco |lgbt dostros dark-
noss, tbo wl|| porlsb as soon as tbo approacb ou, bow
tbon daro tbo dlsturb tbo stato ol sam5dbl
`On tbo otbor band, ll ou lal| to awakon and aro tboro-
b do|udod b tbo llvo aggrogatos, tbon, nanda, ou wl||
bocomo a son ol M5ra and bo|p tbo domons. As an l||ustra-
tlon, M5tangi wbo was so baso, usod maglc to causo ou to
broak ono ol tbo olgbt tbousand (mlnor) ru|os ol puro |lvlng,
but slnco our mlnd was puro, ou woro not rulnod. Tbls
sbows tbo (lmmlnont) |oss ol a|| our proclous bodbl. You
woro a|most |lko a cbanco||or ol stato wboso possosslons aro
243. Tbo llvo powors to soo tblngs ln tbo roa|m ol lorm, to boar an sound anwboro, to road otbors`
mlnds, to know tbo lormor oxlstoncos ol so|l and otbors, and to bo anwboro at wl||.
244. Tbo slxtb supornatura| powor wblcb sbou|d bo acqulrod boloro attalnlng bodbl.
2S0
suddon| conllscatod so tbat bo ls ln straltonod clrcumstancos
wltbout an bopo ol obtalnlng ald.
The Ten States Affected by the First Aggregate of Form (Rpa)
`nanda, wbon ou slt ln modltatlon, ll our tbougbts aro
wlpod out, tbo stato (ol our mlnd), now lroo lrom tbom, wl||
bo c|oar, and wl|| not bo cbangod b oltbor stl||noss or dlstur-
banco. ln tbls stato, botb romombranco and lorgotlu|noss aro
ono undlvldod wbo|o.
245
Wbl|o ln lt and boloro roa|lzlng sam5-
dbl, ou aro |lko a man wboso oos aro c|oar but wbo ls stl|| ln
tbo dark, lor tbougb our mlnd ls c|oar, lt doos not ot sblno.
Tbls ls tbo aggrogato ol lorm tbat condltlons our modltatlon.
ll our mlnd radlatos, ou wl|| c|oar| porcolvo a|| tbo ton dlroc-
tlons ol spaco. Tbls dlsappoaranco ol darknoss ls ca||od tbo
ondlng ol rupa and ou wl|| tbon |oap ovor and boond tbo tur-
bld ka|pa,
246
tbo maln causo ol wblcb ls our wrong tblnklng.
. `nanda, ln tbls prolound and c|oar stato ol our
ponotratlng mlnd, tbo lour o|omonts coaso to blndor ou, and
altor a |ltt|o, our bod wl|| bo lroo lrom a|| blndranco. Tbls ls
our c|oar mlnd sproadlng to lts obocts
247
and sbows tbo
olloctlvonoss ol our modltatlon, tbo tomporar acblovomont
ol wblcb doos not moan tbat ou aro a salnt. ll ou do not
rogard lt as sucb, lt ls an oxco||ont progrosslvo stago, but ll
ou do, ou wl|| succumb to domons.
245. Tbls ls slng|onoss ol mlnd.
246. Soo pago 48 (& lootnoto 7) lor a dotal|od oxp|anatlon ol tbo llvo condltlons ol turbldlt.
247. Soo m provlous book, The Secrets of Chinese Meditation (Rldor & Co.), wblcb oxp|alns bow tbo
mlnd sproads to lts surroundlngs.
2S
2. `nanda, ln tbls prolound and c|oar stato ol our
ponotratlng mlnd, ou wl|| bo ab|o to dlscorn ovortblng
c|oar| ln our bod and wl|| suddon| soo |lvo| tapo-worms.
Tbls ls our c|oar mlnd sproadlng ln our bod and sbows lts
olloctlvo lunctlonlng, tbo tomporar acblovomont ol wblcb
doos not moan tbat ou aro a salnt. ll ou do not rogard lt as
sucb, lt ls an oxco||ont progrosslvo stago, but ll ou do, ou
wl|| succumb to domons.
3.` `Furtbor, ln tbls stato ol mlnd wblcb ponotratos botb
wltbln and wltbout, our splrlt and lacu|tlos, tbougb not our
bod, wl|| lntormlng|o as prlnclpa|s (bosts) and accossorlos
(guosts) and suddon| ou wl|| boar a volco ln tbo alr proacb-
lng tbo Dbarma or proc|almlng lts socrot moanlng ln tbo ton
dlroctlons. Tbls ls our splrlt and lacu|tlos wblcb unlto wltb, or
dlsongago lrom, ono anotbor to sow tbo oxco||ont sood, tbo
tomporar roa|lzatlon ol wblcb doos not moan tbat ou aro a
salnt. ll ou do not rogard lt as sucb, lt ls an oxco||ont progros-
slvo stago but ll ou do, ou wl|| succumb to domons.
4. `Furtbor, ln tbls c|oar, rovoa|lng, brlgbt and ponotrat-
lng stato ol mlnd, our lnnor |lgbt radlatos and gl|ds ovor-
tblng ln tbo ton dlroctlons wboroln a|| |lvlng bolngs aro
translormod lnto Buddbas. Suddon| ou wl|| soo Valrocana
soatod on a radlant tbrono surroundod b tbousands ol
Buddbas, wltb bundrods ol |acs ol countrlos and ol |otus
l|owors, a|| ol wblcb appoar at onco. Tbls ls tbo olloct ol bolng
awakonod b our mlnd`s splrltua|lt, tbo |lgbt ol wblcb pon-
otratos and sblnos on a|| tbo wor|ds. Tbls tomporar acblovo-
mont doos not moan ou aro a salnt. ll ou do not rogard lt
2S2
as sucb, lt ls an oxco||ont progrosslvo stago, but ll ou do, ou
wl|| succumb to domons.
5. `Furtbor, ll our ponotratlng mlnd, ln lts prolound
and c|oar stato, contlnuos to |ook wltbln wltbout pauso, and
so cbocks and stops comp|oto| a|| tblnklng, ou wl|| suddon-
| soo spaco ln tbo ton dlroctlons cbango lnto tbo co|ours ol
tbo sovon or ol a bundrod proclous goms, wblcb ll|| tbo wbo|o
spaco wltbout blndorlng ono anotbor. A|| co|ours sucb as
b|uo, o||ow, rod, wblto, (otc.) appoar ln uttor purlt. Tbls ls
bard prossod olllclonc, tbo tomporar acblovomont ol wblcb
doos not moan ou aro a salnt. ll ou do not rogard lt as sucb,
lt ls an oxco||ont progrosslvo stago, but ll ou do, ou wl|| glvo
wa to tbo domons.
6. `ln tbls c|oar and ponotratlng stato ol our mlnd
wbon lt |ooks wltbln, lts |lgbt appoars ln a|| lts purlt and at
mldnlgbt ou wl|| suddon| soo ln our dark room a|| sorts ol
apparltlons as c|oar| as ln broad da|lgbt, wltb a|| tbo otbor
obocts usua|| tboro. Tbls ls tbo mlnd, ln lts subt|ot, rollnlng
lts c|oar porcoptlon wblcb onab|os ou to soo dlstlnct| ln tbo
dark. Tbls tomporar acblovomont doos not moan, ou aro a
salnt. ll ou do not rogard lt as sucb, lt ls an oxco||ont progros-
slvo stago, but ll ou do ou wl|| glvo wa to domons.
7. `As tbo mlnd morgos wltb tbo vold, suddon| our
lour |lmbs wl|| bo |lko grass and p|ants, and wl|| loo| notblng
(ovon) ll burnod b llro or cut b a knllo. Tbls lmmunlt lrom
lnur rosu|ts lrom tbo ama|gamatlon ol (mlnd and) oxtorna|s
and wltb tbo o|lmlnatlon ol tbo lour o|omonts as lt morgos
wltb tbo vold. Tbls tomporar acblovomont doos not moan
2S3
ou aro a salnt, and ll ou do not rogard lt as sucb, lt ls an
oxco||ont progrosslvo stago, but ll ou do, ou wl|| glvo wa
to domons.
S. `As our mlnd bocomos puro and cloan, lts uttormost
purlllcatlon causos ou to soo suddon| tbo groat oartb,
mountalns and rlvors ln tbo ton dlroctlons cbango lnto tbo
Buddba`s (puro) |and adornod wltb a|| sorts ol proclous goms
wboso radlanco ls a||-porvadlng. You wl|| agaln soo c|oar|
Buddbas as count|oss as tbo Gangos` sands wltb boautllu|
tomp|o bul|dlngs ll||lng tbo wbo|o ol spaco, wltb tbo bo||s un-
dornoatb and dova pa|acos abovo. Tbls ls tbo translormatlon
ol (usua||) doop-rootod tbougbts ol |lko and dls|lko but doos
not moan ou aro a salnt. ll ou do not rogard lt as sucb, lt ls
an oxco||ont progrosslvo stago, but ll ou do, ou wl|| glvo
wa to domons,
. `As our mlnd ponotratos doopor, ou wl|| suddon|
soo at mldnlgbt lar awa markot-p|acos, stroots and |anos, as
wo|| as mombors ol our laml|, our ro|atlvos and c|ansmon
or boar tbom spoak. Tbls rosu|ts lrom tbo bard-prossod mlnd
wblcb oxpands so tbat ou soo tboso tblngs no mattor bow
lar awa. Tbls doos not moan ou aro a salnt, and ll ou do
not rogard lt as sucb, lt ls an oxco||ont progrosslvo stago, but
ll ou do, ou wl|| glvo wa to domons.
0. `As a rosu|t ol our mlnd`s lurtbost ponotratlon, ou
wl|| soo mon ol good counso| wboso bodlos cbango wltbout
roason ln a|| klnds ol was. Tbls ls our porvorso mlnd wblcb
ls lnl|uoncod b mlscblovous gbosts or boavon| domons and
wblcb wltbout roason, proacbos tbo Dbarma and compro-
2S4
bonds lts prolound moanlng. Tbls doos not moan ou aro a
salnt and ll ou do not rogard lt as sucb, M5ra`s lnl|uonco wl||
vanlsb, but ll ou do, ou wl|| glvo wa to domons.
`nanda, tboso ton statos ol db5na como lrom tbo ln-
tormlng|lng ol tbo aggrogato ol lorm wltb tbo modltatlvo
mlnd. Do|udod and waward practlsors do not know tbolr
own capabl|ltlos, cannot dlstlngulsb tboso statos wbon tbo
manllost, and wrong| doc|aro tbat tbo aro salnts. B so
dolng, tbo broak tbo problbltlon agalnst |lng and so la|| lnto
tbo unlntorruptod bo||. Altor m nlrv5na, ln tbo Dbarma
ondlng ago, ou sbou|d proc|alm tbls toacblng so tbat tbo
boavon| domons cannot tako advantago ol sucb statos and
practlsors can bo on tbolr guard and roa|lzo tbo Supromo Tao.
The Ten States Affected by the Second Aggregate
of Receptiveness (Vedan)
`nanda, ln tbo practlco ol samatba to roa|lzo sam5dbl, wbon
tbo llrst aggrogato ol lorm coasos to blndor, ono wl|| soo tbo
mlnds ol a|| Buddbas, |lko rol|octlons ln tbo brlgbt mlrror (ol
tbo mlnd). Ono wl|| loo| as ll ono wlns somotblng but cannot
ot mako uso ol lt.
24S
lt ls |lko a s|oopor troub|od wltb a nlgbt-
maro wbo cannot movo to ropu|so lt a|tbougb bls lour |lmbs
aro not bound and bls consclousnoss ls c|oar. Tbls ls tbo soc-
ond aggrogato ol rocoptlvonoss wblcb condltlons ono`s modl-
tatlon. ll tbo nlgbtmaro vanlsbos, ono`s mlnd can |oavo ono`s
24S. Tbo Buddbas` mlnds aro lmmatorla| and to soo tbom sbows our mlnd`s rocoptlvonoss ol oxtorna|s
wblcb tborob blndors our lnslgbt and ls tbo causo ol our lnabl|lt to mako uso ol our
acblovomont. Wbon tbls socond aggrogato ls wlpod out, our mlnd wl|| bo lroo lrom a|| blndranco,
on| tbon can ou mako lu|| uso ol tbls progrosslvo stago.
2S5
bod to |ook at ono`s laco and wl|| bo lroo to sta or go wltb-
out lurtbor blndranco. Tbls ls tbo socond aggrogato ol vodan5
comlng to an ond and tbo practlsor wl|| tbon bo ab|o to |oap
ovor and boond tbo ka|pa ol turbld vlows, tbo maln causo ol
wblcb ls tbo soomlng porsplcaclt ol bls wrong tblnklng.
. `nanda, wbon tbo practlsor roacbos tbls stago, bo
wl|| llnd blmso|l ln a groat mass ol brlgbtnoss. Hls mlnd wl||
dlscorn (tbo sorr p|lgbt ol |lvlng bolngs) and on bolng
prossod bardor, lt wl|| glvo rlso to lnllnlto sadnoss. Ho wl||
ovon rogard gadl|los and mosqultoos as bls own cbl|dron on
wbom bo takos plt, burstlng unconsclous| lnto toars. Tbls
rosu|ts lrom bls bard prossod (contomp|atlon) and ls barm|oss
ll bo knows lts causo. lt ls not tbo salnt| stato and ll bo un-
dorstands lt, lt wl|| ln tlmo dlsappoar. Howovor, ll bo rogards
lt as salntbood, bo wl|| succumb to tbo domon ol sadnoss
wbo wl|| contro| bls mlnd and causo blm to bo mlsorab|o and
to |amont wbon mootlng otbors, bo wl|| |oso tbo bonollt lrom
tbo db5na so lar acblovod and wl|| la|| lnto tbo |owor statos.
2. `nanda, ln tbls stato ol db5na, as tbo aggrogato ol
lorm vanlsbos and rocoptlvonoss manllosts, bo makos moro
progross and ma, bocauso ol ovorstraln dovo|op lnllnlto
bo|dnoss tbat sbarpons bls roso|vo and makos lt oqua| to tbat
ol a|| Buddbas, so tbat bo can |oap ovor tbo tbroo groat
aoons
24
ln a momont ol tbougbt. Tbls comos lrom ovor-
stralnod concontratlon wblcb wl|| bo barm|oss ll bo knows lt
(lor wbat lt ls). lt ls not salntbood and ll lt ls wo|| undorstood,
24. Tbo tbroo aoons roqulrod lor a Bodblsattva to dovo|op lnto a Buddba: tbo llrst ono to boar tbo
Dbarma, tbo socond to practlso lt and tbo tblrd to roa|lzo lt.
2S6
lt wl|| ln tlmo vanlsb. But ll bo rogards lt as salnt|, tbo domon
ol wl|dnoss wl|| contro| bls mlnd and wl|| causo blm to boast
(ol bls acblovomont) wbon bo moots otbors. Ho wl|| bocomo
proud and so|l-lmportant wblcb wl|| b|lnd blm to tbo Buddba
blgb abovo and to |lvlng bolngs boro bo|ow. Ho wl|| tbus |oso
tbo bonollt lrom tbo db5na so lar acblovod and wl|| la|| lnto
tbo |owor statos.
3. `ln tbls stato ol db5na, as lorm vanlsbos and rocop-
tlvonoss manllosts, ll tbo practlsor makos no boadwa but
|osos (slgbt ol) bls provlous stato wbon |ooklng back, tbo
powor ol bls mlnd woakons. As lt soos notblng aboad, lt sud-
don| glvos wa to drnoss wblcb causos blm to lndu|go ln
ond|oss doop rol|octlon wblcb bo ma mlstako lor progrosslvo
advanco. Tbls ls absont-mlndodnoss wblcb |acks wlsdom
and ls barm|oss ll bo knows lt (lor wbat lt ls). Tbls ls not salnt-
bood but ll bo rogards lt as sucb, bo wl|| succumb to tbo
domon ol unlorgotlu|noss wbo wl|| contro| bls mlnd, and
contlnuo lt to a llxod p|aco causlng blm to |oso tbo bonollt lrom
tbo db5na so lar acblovod and to la|| lnto tbo |owor statos.
4. `ln tbls stl|| stato, as lorm vanlsbos and rocoptlvonoss
manllosts, tbo practlsor`s wlsdom ma grow out ol propor-
tlon and mucb ln oxcoss ol bls db5na, and bo ma wrong|
tblnk tbat bo bas acblovod tbo blgbost attalnmont and bas
roacbod tbo rank ol Valrocana. So bo ls satlsllod wltb a |ltt|o
progross wblcb bo rogards as comp|oto. Tbls ls bls mlnd
|oslng lts usua| lnslgbt and bolng mls|od b bls (dlscrlmln-
ator) knowlng and soolng. ll bo undorstands tbls, lt wl|| bo
barm|oss, but ll bo rogards lt as salntbood, bo wl|| succumb
2S7
to tbo lnlorlor so|l-satlsllod domon wbo wl|| contro| bls mlnd,
causlng blm to boast tbat bo bas roa|lzod Supromo Nlrv5na.
Ho wl|| tbus |oso a|| bonollt lrom tbo db5na so lar acblovod
and wl|| la|| lnto tbo |owor statos.
5. `ln tbls stato ol db5na, as lorm vanlsbos and rocop-
tlvonoss manllosts, boloro now boadwa ls mado and altor
bls provlous oxporlonco bas passod, bo ma llnd blmso|l ln a
sltuatlon wblcb sooms vor droadlu| and lu|| ol dangor, and
causos blm ond|oss anxlot and porp|oxlt. Ho sooms to slt
on a bot lron bod or to drlnk polsonous modlclno. As a rosu|t
bo tlros ol |llo and sooks to ond lt to got rld ol tbls tormont.
Tbls ls practlco wltbout tbo (nocossar) oxpodlont motbod
and, ls barm|oss ll bo knows tbo causo. lt ls not a salnt| stato,
but ll bo rogards lt as sucb, bo wl|| succumb to tbo domon ol
anxlot wbo wl|| contro| bls mlnd causlng blm to cut bls own
l|osb wltb a sbarp knllo so tbat bo can dlo or to l|oo to tbo
mountalns and grovos ln ordor to avold otbor poop|o. Ho wl||
tbus |oso a|| bonollt lrom tbo db5na so lar acblovod and wl||
la|| lnto tbo |owor statos.
6. `ln tbls stato ol db5na, as lorm vanlsbos and rocop-
tlvonoss manllosts, tbo practlsor ma, altor loo|lng vor com-
lortab|o ln tbo condltlon ol purlt and c|oannoss, suddon|
oxporlonco lnllnlto o wblcb bocomos so lntonso tbat bo
cannot cbock lt. Tbls ls do|lgbt ln wolgbt|ossnoss wblcb ls un-
contro||ab|o lor |ack ol wlsdom and ls barm|oss ll bo knows
tbo causo. Tbls ls not a salnt| stato but ll bo rogards lt as
sucb, bo wl|| succumb to tbo domon ol o wbo wl|| contro|
bls mlnd so tbat bo |augbs wltbout causo wbon soolng otbors
2SS
and slngs and dancos ln tbo stroot, boastlng ol bls roa|lzatlon
ol unblndorod |lboratlon. Ho wl|| |oso a|| bonollt lrom tbo
db5na so lar acblovod and wl|| la|| lnto tbo |owor statos.
7. `ln tbls stato ol db5na, as lorm vanlsbos and rocop-
tlvonoss manllosts, tbo practlsor ma tblnk tbat bo bas
acblovod lu|| roa|lzatlon. Tbls l||uslon causos blm suddon|,
wltbout an roason, to glvo rlso to so|l-concolt so tbat bo ro-
gards blmso|l, tbougb lnlorlor, as oqua| to otbors, tbougb
oqua|, as suporlor to otbors and to suporlors, as bolng a salnt
wbon bo ls not, and as not lnlorlor to lnlorlors,
250
a|| tboso
loo|lngs occur togotbor. Evon a|| tbo Buddbas aro notblng to
blm, stl|| moro so tbo |oss advancod sr5vakas and pratoka-
buddbas. Tbls ls an oxtraordlnar stato lrom wblcb bo lal|s to
oxtrlcato blmso|l lor |ack ol wlsdom. lt wl|| bo barm|oss ll bo
knows tbat lt ls not a salnt| stato, but ll bo rogards lt as sucb,
bo wl|| succumb to tbo domon ol so|l-concolt wbo wl|| contro|
bls mlnd and causo blm to stop rovorlng tbo stupas and tom-
p|os and to dostro tbo sutras and statuos ol Buddbas. Ho
wl|| doc|aro to bls patrons: Statuos aro but go|d, bronzo, c|a
and wood and sutras aro but pa|m (pattra) |oavos and
c|otbos. lnstoad ol rovorlng tbo bod ol l|osb and b|ood
wblcb ls roa|| pormanont, lt ls sboor-nonsonso to worsblp
c|a and wood. Tboso wbo bo|lovo blm dostro tbo statuos
and sutras and tbrow tbom on tbo ground, tbo aro mls|od b
blm and so wl|| ontor tbo unlntormlttont bo||. Tbus bo wl|| |oso
a|| bonollt lrom tbo db5na so lar acblovod and wl|| la|| lnto
tbo |owor statos.
250. Tbo sovonlo|d concolt comprlsos tbo abovo slx klnds and prldo ln ono`s boros.
2S
S. `ln tbls stato ol db5na, as lorm vanlsbos and rocop-
tlvonoss manllosts, tbo practlsor ma acblovo tbo condltlon ol
brlgbt purlt and awakon to tbo prolound noumonon to
wblcb bo conlorms, tborob suddon| oxporlonclng lnllnlto
wolgbt|ossnoss. Ho wl|| tblnk tbat bo ls a salnt wblcb glvos blm
comlortab|o lndopondonco. Tbls ls wolgbt|oss purlt wblcb ls
barm|oss ll bo knows tbat lt ls not a salnt| stato, but ll bo ro-
gards lt as sucb, bo wl|| succumb to tbo domon ol wolgbt|oss
purlt wbo wl|| contro| bls mlnd causlng, blm to bo wo|| satls-
llod wltb bls (lncomp|oto) acblovomont and to rolraln lrom
strlvlng to advanco lurtbor. Ho ls |lko tbo untutorod bblksu
wbo mls|od otbors and tbon lo|| lnto tbo avicl bo||. Ho wl||
tbus |oso a|| bonollt lrom tbo db5na so lar acblovod and wl||
slnk lnto tbo |owor statos.
. `ln tbls stato ol db5na, as lorm vanlsbos and rocop-
tlvonoss manllosts, tbo practlsor ma mlsconcolvo tbo
appoarlng brlgbt omptlnoss as dovold ol naturo, tborob
glvlng rlso to tbo ldoa ol oxtlnctlon wblcb lmp|los tbat tbo |aw
ol causa|lt ls lnva|ld. Tbls (ro|atlvo) voldnoss causos blm to
dovo|op an ompt mlnd wblcb lmp|los annlbl|atlon. Tbls ls
barm|oss ll bo knows tbat lt ls not salntbood, but ll bo rogards
lt as sucb, bo wl|| succumb to tbo domon ol omptlnoss wbo
wl|| contro| bls mlnd and causo blm to crltlclzo tboso obsorv-
lng tbo ru|os ol puro |lvlng as mon ol Hina5na and to c|alm
tbat a|| Bodblsattvas awakonod to tbo vold can dlsponso wltb
a|| problbltlons. Sucb a porson usua|| lndu|gos ln moat and
wlno ln tbo prosonco ol bls bo|lovlng patrons and |oads a
|lcontlous |llo. Bocauso ol tbo domon`s lnl|uonco, bo contro|s
20
tbom llrm| and tbo do not suspoct blm. As tlmo passos,
tbo wl|| a|| rogard oxcromont, urlno, moat and wlno as
ompt and good lor lood. Tbo wl|| broak tbo ru|os ol mora|-
lt and dlsclp|lno and wl|| commlt a|| sorts ol slns. Tbo prac-
tlsor wl|| tbus |oso a|| bonollt lrom tbo db5na so lar acblovod
and wl|| la|| lnto tbo |owor statos.
0. `ln tbls stato ol db5na, as lorm vanlsbos and ro-
coptlvonoss manllosts, tbo practlsor ma c|lng to tbo ompt
brlgbtnoss wblcb wl|| tbon ponotrato bls mlnd and (ovon) bls
bonos. Suddon| bo wl|| loo| strong |ovo (lor lt) wblcb drlvos
blm mad and dovo|ops bls lntonso doslro (ol lt). Tbls ls a con-
dltlon ol stl|| comlort wblcb bo cannot contro| lor |ack ol wls-
dom, and wblcb mls|oads blm lnto a|| sorts ol doslros. lt ls
barm|oss ll bo knows tbat lt ls not salntbood but ll bo rogards
lt as sucb, bo wl|| succumb to tbo domon ol doslro wbo wl||
contro| bls mlnd and causo blm to proc|alm doslro as tbo
Bodbl patb and to toacb to |amon tbo practlco ol unlvorsa|
doslro, salng tbat soxua| lndu|gonco wl|| mako tbom sons ol
tbo Dbarma. Tbls domon`s lnl|uonco wl|| proval| ln tbo
Dbarma ondlng ago and wl|| alloct stupld poop|o wbo wl||
numbor as man as bundrods, tbousands and tons ol tbou-
sands. Wbon tbo domon ls woar ol tbo practlsor`s mlsdoods,
bo wl|| |oavo tbo |attor`s bod wblcb wl|| bocomo a sorr
wrock to sullor a|| tbo mlsorlos lnl|lctod b tbo roa| |aw. For
docolvlng otbors, bo wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo||. Tbus
bo wl|| |oso a|| bonollt lrom tbo db5na so lar acblovod and
wl|| slnk lnto tbo |owor statos.
`nanda, tboso ton statos ol db5na como lrom tbo ln-
2
tormlng|lng ol tbo socond aggrogato ol rocoptlvonoss wltb
modltatlvo mlnd. Do|udod and waward practlsors do not
know tbolr own capabl|ltlos cannot dlstlngulsb tboso statos
wbon tbo manllost and wrong| doc|aro tbat tbo bavo
attalnod tbo bo| rank. B so dolng, tbo broak tbo ru|o agalnst
|lng and so wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntorruptod bo||. Altor m nlr-
v5na, ln tbo Dbarma ondlng ago, ou sbou|d proc|alm tbls
toacblng so tbat |lvlng bolngs wl|| awakon to lt, tbat tbo boav-
on| domon cannot tako advantago ol sucb statos and tbat
practlsors can bo on tbolr guard and roa|lzo tbo Supromo Tao.
The Ten States Affected by the Third Aggregate of Conception
(Saja)
`nanda, ln tbo cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl, wbon tbo socond
aggrogato ol rocoptlvonoss coasos to blndor tbo practlsor,
a|tbougb bo ls stl|| ln tbo wor|d| stroam, bls mlnd can now
oscapo lrom bls bod, |lko a blrd lrom lts cago. From bls
wor|d| stato bo can now acblovo tbo slxt succoodlng bo|
stagos ol Bodblsattva dovo|opmont lnto Buddbabood and
tborob tako an lorm at wl||, lroo to movo anwboro wltbout
blndranco. Tbls ls |lko a man wbo ta|ks ln bls s|oop and
tbougb bo doos not know wbat bo sas, bls words aro ln
ordor (and comprobonslb|o), and tboso wbo aro not as|oop
undorstand blm. Tbls ls tbo tblrd aggrogato ol concoptlon
wblcb condltlons bls modltatlon.
`ll a|| bls stlrrlng tbougbts stop, bo wl|| bo rld ol tbo
tblnklng procoss and bls c|oar mlnd wl|| bo (|lko a mlrror)
22
rubbod c|oan ol tbo covorlng dust, and wl|| tbrow |lgbt upon
bls (prosont) lncarnatlon lrom blrtb to doatb. Tbon tbo tblrd
aggrogato ol concoptlon coasos to lunctlon and tbo practlsor
wl|| bo ab|o to |oap abovo and boond tbo ka|pa ol turbld
passlons, tbo maln causo ol wblcb was tbo soomlng porva-
slvonoss ol bls wrong tblnklng.
. `nanda, now tbat tbo practlsor ls lroo lrom anxlot,
altor bls rocoptlvonoss bas vanlsbod, bo llnds blmso|l ln tbo
stato ol porloct db5na and |lkos lts puro brlgbtnoss. But bo
ma bo tomptod to concontrato on tbo ono tbougbt ol skl|-
lu|| advanclng, tbus submlttlng to tbo boavon| domon
wbo lmmodlato| possossos anotbor man (to barm tbo
modltator).
25
Tbls man, unawaro tbat bo ls possossod wl||,
as dlroctod, proacb tbo Dbarma ol tbo sutras and tblnk tbat
bo too bas roa|lzod Supromo Nlrv5na. Ho wl|| tbon como to
tbo practlsor`s p|aco and tako tbo blgb soat (rosorvod lor
roputab|o monks) to toacb blm tbo Dbarma. To sbow bls
skl||, bo wl|| appoar oltbor as a monk, lndra, a woman or a
nun, and bls bod wl|| sond out ras ol |lgbt tbat l||umlno tbo
dark bodroom. Tbo practlsor wl|| mlstako blm lor a Bodbl-
sattva and wl|| bo|lovo wbat bo sas, as a rosu|t, bls mlnd wl||
wavor and bo wl|| broak tbo ru|os and bavo doslros. Tbo
man wl|| spoak ol woa| and woo, ol a Buddba appoarlng at
a cortaln p|aco, ol scorcblng llro ln tbo ka|pa ol dostructlon
and ol luturo llgbtlng and wars to lrlgbton and ruln otbor
poop|o. Tbls ls tbo Strango Gbost wbo bas bocomo a
25. As tbo practlsor`s mlnd ls lroo lrom rocoptlvonoss, tbo domon ls unab|o to lnl|uonco lt, so bo usos
anotbor man to docolvo and barm blm.
23
domon ln bls o|d ago and wbo now comos to troub|o tbo
practlsor. Wbon bo ls woar ol bls mlsdoods, bo wl|| |oavo
tbo possossod man. Tbon botb toacbor (tbo possossod man)
and pupl| (tbo practlsor) wl|| sullor a|| tbo mlsorlos lnl|lctod
b tbo roa| |aw. You sbou|d llrst bo c|oar about tbls tomp-
tatlon to avold roturnlng to sams5ra, but ll ou aro do|udod
and do not rocognlzo lt, ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont
bo||.
2. `nanda, now tbat tbo practlsor ls lroo lrom la|so
anxlot altor bls rocoptlvonoss bas vanlsbod bo llnds blmso|l
ln tbo stato ol porloct db5na. But bo ma bo tomptod to
roam about (ln unknown roglons) and so concontratos on
tbo ono tbougbt ol galnlng lurtbor oxporlonco, tbus succumb-
lng to tbo boavon| domon wbo lmmodlato| possossos an-
otbor man (to barm tbo modltator). Tbls man unawaro tbat
bo ls possossod wl||, as dlroctod, proacb tbo Dbarma and
tblnk tbat bo blmso|l bas roa|lzod Supromo Nlrv5na. Ho wl||
tbon como to tbo practlsor`s p|aco and tako tbo blgb soat to
toacb blm tbo Dbarma. Wltbout cbanglng bls own appoar-
anco, bo wl|| causo tbo practlsor and tboso prosont to soo
tbolr own radlant go|don bodlos soatod on proclous |otus
l|owors. Tbo practlsor wl|| bo docolvod lnto mlstaklng tbo
man lor a Bodblsattva and wl|| bo|lovo wbat bo sas, as a
rosu|t bo wl|| lndu|go ln |uxurlous oaso, broaklng tbo
Buddba`s ru|os and bocomlng |lcontlous. Tbo man wl|| spoak
ol Buddbas appoarlng ln tbo wor|d, ol a cortaln porson at a
glvon p|aco, wbo ls a Buddba ln bls translormatlon bod and
ol somoono o|so wbo ls a Bodblsattva comlng to convort
24
poop|o. Tbo practlsor ls lasclnatod and admlros wbat bo bas
soon, tborob glvlng rlso to wrong vlows and so dostrolng
(bls) sood ol wlsdom. Tbls ls tbo Drougbt Gbost wbo bas
bocomo a domon ln bls o|d ago and now comos to troub|o
tbo practlsor. Wbon bo ls woar ol bls mlsdoods, bo wl|| |oavo
tbo possossod man. Tbon botb toacbor and pupl| wl|| sullor
tbo mlsorlos lnl|lctod b tbo |aw. You sbou|d llrst bo c|oar
about tbls tomptatlon to avold roturnlng to sams5ra but ll ou
aro do|udod and do not rocognlzo lt, ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo un-
lntormlttont bo||.
3. `Now tbat tbo practlsor ls lroo lrom la|so anxlot altor
bls rocoptlvonoss bas vanlsbod bo llnds blmso|l ln tbls stato ol
porloct db5na. But bo ma bo tomptod b bls do|lgbt to con-
contrato on tbo ono tbougbt ol unltlng wltb lt, tbus succumb-
lng to tbo boavon| domon wbo lmmodlato| possossos
anotbor man (to barm tbo modltator). Tbls man unawaro tbat
bo ls possossod wl||, as dlroctod, proacb tbo Dbarma and
tblnk tbat bo blmso|l bas roa|lzod Supromo Nlrv5na. Ho wl||
tbon como to tbo practlsor`s p|aco and tako tbo blgb soat to
toacb blm tbo Dbarma. Wltbout cbanglng bls own or tbo |ls-
tonors` lorms, bo wl|| causo tbom to opon tbolr mlnds wblcb
wl|| ump about so tbat ln turn tbo know a|| tbolr lormor
|lvos, road tbo mlnds ol otbors, soo tbo bo||s, comprobond a||
good and ovl| wor|d| doods, road g5tb5s and roclto sutras.
And so bo lasclnatos tbom wltb sucb raro tblngs. Tbo practls-
or wl|| bo docolvod lnto mlstaklng blm lor a truo Bodblsattva
and wl|| bo ontbuslastlc about a|| bo sas, tborob broaklng
tbo Buddba`s ru|os and bocomlng |lcontlous. Tbls man wl||
25
c|assll tbo Buddbas and Bodblsattvas lnto blg and sma||,
oar| and |ato, roa| and la|so, and ma|o and loma|o. Tbo prac-
tlsor bo|lovos blm so tbat bls mlnd ls dlsturbod and bo bo-
comos a borotlc. Tbls ls tbo Boast Gbost wbo bas bocomo a
domon ln bls o|d ago and wbo now comos to troub|o tbo
practlsor. Wbon bo ls woar ol bls mlsdoods, bo wl|| |oavo tbo
possossod man. Tbon botb toacbor and pupl| wl|| sullor tbo
mlsorlos lnl|lctod b tbo |aw. You sbou|d llrst bo c|oar about
tbls tomptatlon to avold roturnlng to sams5ra, but ll ou aro
do|udod and do not rocognlzo lt, ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntor-
mlttont bo||.
4. `Now tbat tbo practlsor ls lroo lrom la|so anxlot altor
bls rocoptlvonoss bas vanlsbod bo llnds blmso|l ln tbls stato ol
porloct db5na. But bo ma bo tomptod b bls do|lgbt ln lt to
go to tbo root ol a|| tblngs ln ordor to know tbo boglnnlng and
tbo ond ol a|| translormatlon, tborob wlsblng to ana|so
ovortblng to so|vo a|| bls doubts to bls ontlro satlslactlon. As
a rosu|t, tbo boavon| domon lmmodlato| possossos anotbor
man (to barm tbo modltator). Tbls man unawaro tbat bo ls
possossod wl||, as dlroctod, proacb tbo Dbarma, tblnklng tbat
bo blmso|l bas roa|lzod Supromo Nlrv5na. Ho wl|| tbon como
to tbo practlsor`s p|aco wboro bo wl|| tako tbo blgb soat to
toacb blm tbo Dbarma, sbowlng bls awo-lnsplrlng autborlt
to wblcb tbo modltator wl||lng| submlts ovon boloro boarlng
bls words. Ho wl|| doc|aro tbat tbo Buddba`s nlrvanlc and
bodblc Dbarmak5a ls bls own bod ol l|osb and b|ood
wblcb lnborlts tbo bo| ossonco, as a son lrom bls latbor, tbat
lt ls tbo pormanont splrltua| bod wblcb wl|| bo transmlttod
26
lorovor, tbat wbat bls |lstonors soo around tbom ls tbo
Buddba-|and, and tbat tboro ls no otbor puro roglon nor an-
otbor go|don bod. Tbo practlsor wl|| bo|lovo tbls, |oso bls
lormor stl|| mlnd and submlt to blm, pralslng tbo raro rovo|a-
tlon, bo and otbor do|udod |lstonors wl|| mlstako tbo pos-
sossod man lor a truo Bodblsattva, and wl|| lo||ow blm to
broak tbo Buddba`s ru|os b lndu|glng ln soxua| doslro. Tbls
man wl|| doc|aro tbat tbo oos, oars, noso and tonguo aro
puro |ands and tbat tbo ma|o and loma|o organs aro tbo
abodos ol Bodbl and Nlrv5na, and bls do|udod |lstonors wl||
bo|lovo bls porvorso proacblng. Tbls ls tbo Noxlous or Nlgbt-
marlsb Gbost wbo bas bocomo a domon ln bls o|d ago and
now comos to troub|o tbo practlsor. Wbon bo grows woar ol
bls mlsdoods, bo wl|| |oavo tbo possossod man. Tbon botb
toacbor and pupl| wl|| sullor tbo mlsorlos lnl|lctod b tbo |aw.
You sbou|d bo llrst c|oar about tbls tomptatlon to avold ro-
turnlng to sams5ra, but ll ou aro do|udod and do not rocog-
nlzo lt, ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo||s.
5. `Now tbat tbo practlsor ls lroo lrom la|so anxlot altor
bls rocoptlvonoss bas vanlsbod bo llnds blmso|l ln tbls stato ol
porloct db5na. But bo ma bo tomptod b bls do|lgbt ln lt to
sook communlon (wltb tbo Buddba) and tborob loo|s a
strong doslro lor splrltua| lntorcourso, tbus succumblng to tbo
boavon| domon wbo wl|| lmmodlato| possoss anotbor man
(to barm tbo modltator). Tbls man unawaro tbat bo ls pos-
sossod wl||, as dlroctod, proacb tbo Dbarma and tblnk tbat bo
bas roa|lzod Supromo Nlrv5na. Ho wl|| tbon como to tbo
practlsor`s p|aco and tako tbo blgb soat to toacb tbo Dbarma
27
and causo bls |lstonors to soo blm as a man a bundrod or a
tbousand oars o|d. Tbo wl|| admlro blm, wl|| |lvo wltb and
sorvo blm and provldo blm wltb tbo lour nocossltlos (ol a
monk) and wl|| not tlro ol so dolng. Slnco tbo practlsor ls con-
vlncod tbat tbo man was bls mastor ln a provlous |llo, bo ro-
spocts and bocomos attacbod to blm, pralslng bls raro
rovo|atlon, bo and otbor do|udod |lstonors wl|| mlstako blm
lor a truo Bodblsattva and wl|| lo||ow bls lnstructlon, tborob
broaklng tbo Buddba`s ru|os and lndu|glng ln soxua| doslro.
Tbo man wl|| doc|aro tbat ln a provlous |llo bo do|lvorod bls
wllo or brotbor wbo now comos to lo||ow blm to a partlcu|ar
roglon wboro tbo wl|| a|| sorvo a cortaln Buddba, or bo wl||
spoak ol a radlant boavon wboro tbo Buddba now dwo||s and
wboro a|| tbo Tatb5gatas aro at rost. Tbo practlsor wbo ls do-
|udod wl|| bo|lovo a|| tbls and wl|| |oso bls c|oar mlnd. Tbls ls
tbo Cruo| Gbost wbo bas bocomo a domon ln bls o|d ago and
now comos to troub|o tbo practlsor, wbon bo grows woar ol
bls mlsdoods, bo wl|| |oavo tbo possossod man. Tbon botb
toacbor and pupl| wl|| sullor tbo mlsorlos lnl|lctod b tbo |aw.
You sbou|d llrst bo c|oar about tbls tomptatlon to avold ro-
turnlng to sams5ra, but ll ou aro do|udod and do not rocog-
nlzo lt, ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo||s.
6. `Now tbat tbo practlsor ls lroo lrom la|so anxlot altor
bls rocoptlvonoss bas vanlsbod bo llnds blmso|l ln tbls stato ol
porloct db5na. But bo ma bo tomptod b bls do|lgbt ln lt to
strlvo to go doopor ln bls soarcb lor rostlu|noss, and so suc-
cumb to tbo boavon| domon wbo wl|| possoss anotbor man
(to barm tbo modltator). Tbls man unawaro tbat bo ls pos-
2S
sossod wl||, as dlroctod, proacb tbo Dbarma and a|so tblnk
tbat bo bas roa|lzod Supromo Nlrv5na. Ho wl|| tbon como to
tbo practlsor`s p|aco and tako tbo blgb soat to toacb tbo
Dbarma and causo oacb ol bls |lstonors to know bls own
karma. Ho wl|| to|| ono ol tbom tbat tbougb tbo |attor ls stl||
|lvlng, bo ls a|road an anlma|, or ordor anotbor to slt on tbo
ground and tbon mako blm unab|o to got up. Tboso prosont
wl|| admlro bls supornatura| powors and submlt tbomso|vos
to blm, ll ono ol tbom tblnks ol antblng, tbo man knows lt
at onco. Ho wl|| ordor tbom to practlso unnocossar austorl-
tlos ln addltlon to tbo Buddba`s procopts. Ho wl|| vl|ll tbo
bblksus and curso tbolr lo||owors. Ho wl|| rovoa| otbors` sbort-
comlngs wltbout bolng alrald ol rldlcu|o. Ho wl|| loroto|| woa|
and woo wblcb |ator matorla|lzo. Tbls ls tbo Poworlu| Gbost
wbo bas bocomo a domon ln bls o|d ago and wbo now
comos to troub|o tbo practlsor, wbon bo ls woar ol bls mls-
doods, bo wl|| |oavo tbo possossod man. Tbon botb toacbor
and pupl| wl|| sullor tbo mlsorlos lnl|lctod b tbo |aw. You
sbou|d llrst bo c|oar about tbls tomptatlon to avold roturnlng
to sams5ra, but ll ou aro do|udod and do not rocognlzo lt,
ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo||s.
7. `Now tbat tbo practlsor ls lroo lrom la|so anxlot altor
bls rocoptlvonoss bas vanlsbod, bo llnds blmso|l ln tbls stato
ol porloct db5na. But bo ma bo tomptod b bls do|lgbt ln lt
to strlvo lor moro |oarnlng ln bls soarcb lor know|odgo ol bls
lormor |lvos, tborob succumblng to tbo boavon| domon
wbo lmmodlato| possossos anotbor man (to barm tbo modl-
tator). Tbls man unawaro tbat bo ls possossod wl||, as dlroct-
2
od, proacb tbo Dbarma and a|so tblnk tbat bo blmso|l bas
roa|lzod Supromo Nlrv5na. Ho wl|| tbon como to tbo practls-
or`s p|aco and tako tbo blgb soat to toacb tbo Dbarma and tbo
|attor suddon| llnds a proclous poar| (ln tbo room). Tbo
domon wl|| oltbor appoar as an anlma| wltb a poar|, and otbor
proclous stonos, documonts and roglstors ln bls moutb,
wblcb lt glvos to tbo man to docolvo bls |lstonors, or wl|| bldo
a brlgbt poar| ln tbo ground to |lgbt up tbo wbo|o p|aco. Hls
|lstonors wl|| pralso tbo mlrac|o. Tbo possossod man wl|| ab-
staln lrom lood, oatlng on| modlclna| borbs, or wl|| tako on|
a bomp-sood or a graln ol wboat oacb da, but tbo domon
wl|| causo blm to bo strong and sturd. Ho wl|| vl|ll tbo
bblksus and curso tbolr lo||owors. Ho wl|| rovoa| otbor poo-
p|o`s sbortcomlngs wltbout bolng alrald ol rldlcu|o. Ho wl||
rovoa| socrot p|acos wboro troasuros aro blddon and wboro
salnts |lvo, and tboso wbo tbon go tboro actua|| moot strango
porsons. Tbls ls tbo gbost ol tbo mountalns, grovos and rlvors
wbo bas bocomo a domon ln bls o|d ago. Hls alm ls to on-
courago otbors to broak tbo Buddba`s ru|os, to lndu|go ln |ust
and glvo roln to tbo llvo doslros (arlslng lrom tbo obocts ol
tbo llvo sonsos). ll bo makos progross at tbo start ol bls prac-
tlco, bo wl|| oat on| borbs and p|ants and bls actlons wl|| bo
uncortaln. Hls oboct ls to troub|o tbo practlsor and wbon bo
ls woar ol bls mlsdoods, bo wl|| |oavo tbo possossod man.
Tbon botb toacbor and pupl| wl|| sullor tbo mlsorlos lnl|lctod
b tbo |aw. You sbou|d llrst bo c|oar about tbls tomptatlon to
avold roturnlng to sams5ra but ll ou aro do|udod and do not
rocognlzo lt, ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo||s.
300
S. `Now tbat tbo practlsor ls lroo lrom la|so anxlot altor
bls rocoptlvonoss bas vanlsbod bo llnds blmso|l ln tbls stato ol
porloct db5na. But bo ma bo tomptod b bls do|lgbt ln lt to
sook and uso tbo abovo supornatura| powors, tbus succumb-
lng to tbo boavon| domon wbo lmmodlato| possossos anotb-
or man (to troub|o blm). Tbls man unawaro tbat bo ls pos-
sossod wl||, as dlroctod, proacb tbo Dbarma and a|so tblnk tbat
bo bas roa|lzod Supromo Nlrv5na. Ho wl|| tbon como to tbo
practlsor`s p|aco and tako tbo blgb soat to proacb tbo Dbarma.
Ho wl|| bo|d a ba|| ol llro wblcb bo dlvldos lnto as man ba||s
as tboro aro |lstonors puttlng ono on oacb ol tbolr boads. Tbo
wl|| not loo| tbo boat and wl|| not bo burnod a|tbougb tbo llro-
ba||s aro sovora| loot blgb. Ho a|so wa|ks on wator, slts motlon-
|oss ln tbo alr, ontors a bott|o or a bag and wa|ks tbrougb tbo
wa|| but bo ls not lmmuno to cboppors and swords.
252
Ho
c|alms to bo a Buddba and tbougb bo ls a |aman, bo daros to
rocolvo rovoronco lrom tbo bblksus, curslng tbolr dlsclp|os and
vl|lllng tbo ru|os ol dlsclp|lno. Ho |lkos to dlsc|oso otbor poo-
p|o`s sbortcomlngs wltbout bolng alrald ol rldlcu|o. Ho boasts
ol bls supornatura| powors and causos bls |lstonors to soo
Buddba-|ands wblcb aro la|so and unroa|. Ho pralsos carna|lt
and oncouragos |lcontlous conduct wblcb bo usos to transmlt
bls Dbarma. Tbls ls ono ol tboso Strong Splrlts ol tbo moun-
talns, soas, wlnd, rlvors and oartb, dwo||lng ln grass and p|ants,
or a N5ga or docalng soor about to dlo and bocomo a gbost,
wboso lorms aro possossod b otbor gbosts, ono ol wblcb now
comos to troub|o tbo practlsor, wbon bo grows woar ol bls
252. Bocauso tbo man stl|| possossos a pbslca| bod wblcb can bo lnurod.
30
mlsdoods, bo wl|| |oavo tbo possossod man. Tbon botb toacbor
and pupl| wl|| sullor tbo mlsorlos lnl|lctod b tbo |aw. You
sbou|d llrst bo c|oar about tbls tomptatlon to avold roturnlng
to sams5ra, but ll ou aro do|udod and do not rocognlzo lt,
ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo||s.
. `Now tbat tbo practlsor ls lroo lrom la|so anxlot altor
bls rocoptlvonoss bas vanlsbod bo llnds blmso|l ln tbls stato ol
porloct db5na. But bo ma bo tomptod b bls do|lgbt ln lt to
sook tbo oxtlnctlon ol sullorlng (ln Nlrv5na) and so soarcbos
doop| lnto tbo naturo ol translormatlon ln bls soarcb lor pro-
lound omptlnoss. As a rosu|t bo succumbs to tbo boavon|
domon wbo lmmodlato| possossos anotbor man (to troub|o
tbo modltator). Tbls man unawaro tbat bo ls possossod wl||, as
dlroctod, proacb tbo Dbarma and a|so tblnk tbat bo bas roa|-
lzod Supromo Nlrv5na. Ho wl|| tbon como to tbo practlsor`s
p|aco and tako tbo blgb soat to proacb tbo Dbarma to bls |ls-
tonors. ln tbolr prosonco, bo wl|| dlsappoar suddon| and tbon
doscond lrom tbo sk, agaln vanlsblng and ro-appoarlng at
wl||. Hls bod wl|| soom transparont as crsta| and bls |lmbs
wl|| bo lragrant |lko sanda|wood. Hls oxcromont and urlno aro
as bard as rock-cand. Ho broaks tbo Buddba`s ru|os and do-
splsos a|| monks and nuns. Ho proacbos tbat tbo |aw ol cau-
sa|lt ls lnva|ld, tbat tboro ls annlbl|atlon altor doatb and no
sucb tblng as rolncarnatlon or wor|d| and salnt| statos (altor
tbls |llo). Tbougb bo bas roa|lzod voldnoss, bo lndu|gos ln
soxua| doslros and boasts tbat bls lo||owors a|so roa|lzo tbo
vold ln wblcb tboro ls noltbor causo nor olloct. Tbls ls ono ol
tboso gbosts and splrlts wbo |lvo lor tbousands and tons ol
302
tbousands ol oars and bavo bocomo domons ln tbolr o|d
ago, bo now comos to troub|o tbo practlsor and wbon bo
grows woar ol tboso mlsdoods, be wl|| |oavo tbo possossod
man. Tbon botb toacbor and pupl| wl|| sullor tbo mlsorlos ln-
l|lctod b tbo |aw. You sbou|d llrst bo c|oar about tbls tompta-
tlon to avold roturnlng to sas5ra, but ll ou aro do|udod and
do not rocognlzo lt, ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo||s.
0. `Now tbat tbo practlsor ls lroo lrom la|so anxlot
altor bls rocoptlvonoss bas vanlsbod, bo llnds blmso|l ln tbls
stato ol porloct db5na. But bo ma bo tomptod b bls do|lgbt
ln lt to sook |ongovlt and lndu|go ln tlrosomo rosoarcb ln bls
quost lor otornlt b ro|lnqulsblng bls morta| |ot ln oxcbango
lor lmmorta|lt. Tbus bo succumbs to tbo boavon| domon
wbo lmmodlato| possossos anotbor man (to troub|o blm).
Tbls man unawaro tbat bo ls possossod wl||, as dlroctod,
proacb tbo Dbarma and a|so tblnk tbat bo blmso|l bas roa|lzod
Supromo Nlrv5na. Ho wl|| tbon como to tbo practlsor`s p|aco
and tako tbo blgb soat to toacb tbo Dbarma to tboso prosont,
doc|arlng tbat bo can travo| to and lrom dlstant p|acos ol wl||,
wl|| tbon go tbousands ol ml|os awa and roturn to bls soat ln
tbo twlnk|lng ol an oo, brlnglng tblngs back wltb blm. Or bo
ma sbow tbom tbat lor oars tbo wl|| bo unab|o to wa|k
moro tban a low pacos across tbo room. Tbo wl|| bo|lovo blm
and mlstako blm lor a Buddba. Ho wl|| tbon proc|alm tbat a||
|lvlng bolngs aro bls cbl|dron, tbat bo ls a bogottor ol Buddbas,
tbat bo appoars ln tbo wor|d (to savo otbors), tbat bo ls tbo
prlma| Buddba and noods no practlco to bo so. Tbls boavon|
domon ma bo oltbor a oa|ous loma|o splrlt (c5mund5) lrom
303
tbo lsvara boavon or a consumor ol vlta|lt (pls5cab) lrom tbo
boavon ol tbo lour dova klngs, wbo bas not a stralgbtlorward
mlnd and usos tbo practlsor`s wrong tblnklng to absorb bls
vlta|lt. Ho ma not possoss anotbor man but ma appoar as
ono wltb powor to wlo|d a vara to bostow |ong |llo on tbo
practlsor or as a boautllu| glr| to soduco blm, tborob oxbaust-
lng bls vlta|lt. Ho ls do|lrlous and can bo dlstlngulsbod b bls
lncoboront spoocb, but ll tbo practlsor lal|s to rocognlzo blm,
bo wl|| mako mlscblol. Tbo modltator wl|| tbon sullor tbo mls-
orlos lnl|lctod b tbo |aw, bo usua|| dlos lrom oxbaustlon
boloro bls punlsbmont ls carrlod out (b tbo autborltlos). You
sbou|d llrst bo c|oar about tbls tomptatlon to avold roturnlng
to sams5ra, but ll ou aro do|udod and do not rocognlzo lt,
ou wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo||s.
`nanda, tboro ls no nood lor ou to attaln Nlrv5na
now. Tbougb ou bavo roacbod tbo stago boond a|| studlos,
ou sbou|d lu|ll| our vow to ro-ontor tbls wor|d ln tbo
Dbarma ondlng ago to dovo|op groat compasslon and to do-
|lvor tboso |lvlng bolngs wboso mlnds aro sot on rlgbt bo|lol
so tbat tbo wl|| not bo troub|od b domons but roa|lzo rlgbt
know|odgo. l bavo do|lvorod ou lrom sams5ra and b carr-
lng out m ordor, ou wl|| ropa our dobt ol gratltudo to tbo
Buddba.
`nanda, tbo abovo ton statos ol db5na como lrom tbo
lntormlng|lng ol tbo tblrd aggrogato ol concoptlon wltb modl-
tatlvo mlnd. Do|udod and waward practlsors wbo do not
know tbolr capabl|ltlos, cannot dlstlngulsb tboso statos wbon
tbo manllost and wrong| doc|aro tbat tbo bavo attalnod tbo
304
bo| rank. B so dolng, tbo broak tbo problbltlon agalnst
|lng and wl|| la|| lnto tbo unlntormlttont bo||s. Altor m nlr-
v5na ln tbo Dbarma ondlng ago, ou sbou|d proc|alm tbls
toacblng so tbat |lvlng bolngs wl|| awakon to lt, tbat boavon|
domons cannot tako advantago ol sucb statos and tbat a||
practlsors can bo on tbolr guard and roa|lzo tbo Supromo Tao.
The Ten States Affected by the Fourth Aggregate of
Discrimination (Saskra)
`nanda, ln bls cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl, wbon tbo tblrd aggro-
gato ol concoptlon onds, tbo practlsor wl|| bo lroo lrom tbo
usua| do|uslvo tblnklng and wl|| acblovo tbo stl|| and brlgbt
stato ol mlnd wblcb ls |lko tbo c|oar sk and ls a|was tbo
samo wbotbor waklng or s|ooplng, and dovold ol tbo sbad-
ows ol coarso sonso data. To blm tbo mountalns, rlvors, groat
oartb and unlvorso aro rol|octlons ln a brlgbt mlrror, appoar-
lng and vanlsblng wltbout |oavlng a traco boblnd, tbus bls
mlnd on| rol|octs oxtorna|s wltbout bolng alloctod b tbom.
Tbls ls tbo ono ossonco (5|aa) ln wblcb tbo lourtb aggrogato
now manllosts. Tbo practlsor wl|| porcolvo a|| |lvlng bolngs ol
tbo two|vo tpos ol blrtb ln tbo ton dlroctlons and tbougb bo
doos not know tbo truo causo ol tbolr oxlstonco, to blm tbo
aro a|| ln tbo samo stato ol |llo. Tbls lunctlonlng ol mlnd
(samsk5ra) ls |lko a twlnk|lng mlrago tbat dlsturbs tbo c|oar
(borlzon) and ls tbo cblol causo ol tbo l||uslon ol tbo sonso
organs and data. Tbls ls tbo lourtb aggrogato wblcb condl-
tlons tbo practlsor`s modltatlon.
305
`ll tbls spark|lng dlsturbanco roturns to lts sorono sourco
(5|aa), |lko rlpp|os tbat sott|o to bocomo ca|m and c|oar
wator, tbo aggrogato samsk5ra wl|| como to an ond, and tbo
practlsor wl|| |oap abovo and boond tbo ka|pa ol turbld
bolng, tbo maln causo ol wblcb ls tbo undotoctod subt|ot ol
bls wrong tblnklng.
. `nanda, ou sbou|d know tbat wbon tbo practlsor,
as a rosu|t ol polntod concontratlon (altor tbo tblrd aggrogato
bas vanlsbod), acqulros corroct know|odgo ln bls practlco ol
samatba, bls mlnd ls sott|od and c|oar and can no moro bo
troub|od b tbo ton c|assos ol domons. On| now can bo |ook
oxbaustlvo| lnto tbo orlgln ol |lvlng bolngs. ln bls dlscovor
ol tbo subt|o dlsturbanco (wblcb ls not oasl| dotoctab|o), ll bo
boglns to dlllorontlato bo wl|| la|| lnto orror bocauso ol tbo
(lo||owlng) two botorodox concoptlons ol tbo non-oxlstonco
ol causo.
`l. Ho llnds no antorlor causo (ol oxlstonco) ln bls lnvos-
tlgatlon. Wb Bocauso bo bas wlpod out tbo mocbanlsm ol
|llo and can now, b moans ol tbo S00 morlts ol bls organ ol
slgbt, |ook lnto tbo S0,000 ka|pas ln wblcb a|| |lvlng bolngs
transmlgrato lrom p|aco to p|aco and boond wblcb bo can
soo notblng. Ho tbon conc|udos tbat a|| |lvlng bolngs oxlst ol
tbomso|vos wltbout an causo durlng tboso S0,000 aoons
and, bocauso ol tbls dlllorontlatlon, bo wl|| mlss tbo Buddba`s
unlvorsa| know|odgo tborob la||lng lnto boros wblcb wl||
scroon bls Bodbl naturo.
`ll. Ho llnds no postorlor causo (ol oxlstonco) ln bls ln-
vostlgatlon. Wb Bocauso bo bas soon tbo root ol |llo and
306
conc|udos tbat, as a|was, mon bogot mon and blrds blrds,
tbat crows aro b|ack and storks wblto, tbat mon and dovas
aro uprlgbt and anlma|s s|antlng, tbat tbolr wblto co|our doos
not como lrom wasblng nor tbolr b|ack co|our lrom dos, and
tbat a|| tbls bas boon and wl|| bo so tbrougbout tboso S0,000
aoons. Slnco bo novor saw Bodbl boloro, bow can bo roa|lzo
lt now Ho wl|| now conc|udo tbat a|| tblngs como lrom no
causo, so bo wl|| mlss tbo Buddba`s unlvorsa| know|odgo and
wl|| la|| lnto boros wblcb wl|| scroon bls Bodbl naturo.
`Tbo abovo portaln to tbo llrst stato ol botorodox dls-
crlmlnatlon (samsk5ra) wblcb postu|atos tbo non-oxlstonco
ol causo.
2. `nanda, ln bls cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl, as a rosu|t ol
polntod concontratlon, tbo practlsor`s mlnd ls now sott|od and
can no moro bo troub|od b domons. Ho can |ook oxbaus-
tlvo| lnto tbo orlgln ol a|| |lvlng bolngs, and ln bls dlscovor ol
tbo subt|o dlsturbanco wblcb contlnuos ond|oss|, ll bo boglns
to dlllorontlato, bo wl|| la|| lnto orror bocauso ol tbo (lo||owlng)
lour botorodox concoptlons ol unlvorsa| pormanonco.
`l. B |ooklng oxbaustlvo| lnto tbo mlnd and lts oboct,
bo llnds tbat botb aro causo|oss, and slnco bls modltatlvo
stud onab|os blm to know tbat ln 20,000 aoons a|| |lvlng
bolngs aro suboct to tbo ond|oss round ol blrtbs and doatbs
wltbout bolng annlbl|atod, bo glvos rlso to tbo wrong concopt
ol tbo pormanonco (ol mlnd and lts oboct).
`ll. B |ooklng oxbaustlvo| lnto tbo lour o|omonts, bo
llnds tbo oxlst pormanont|, and slnco bls modltatlvo stud
onab|os blm to know tbat ln 40,000 aoons a|| |lvlng bolngs
307
prosorvo tbolr lorms wblcb aro not dostrood ln splto ol tbolr
blrtbs and doatbs, bo glvos rlso to tbo wrong concopt ol tbo
pormanonco ol tbo lour o|omonts.
`lll. B |ooklng oxbaustlvo| lnto tbo slx organs and tbo
sovontb and olgbtb consclousnossos, bo llnds tbat tbo orlgln
ol mlnd, lnto||oct and consclousnoss ls pormanont. Tbus bls
modltatlvo stud onab|os blm to know tbat ln S0,000 ka|pas
a|| |lvlng bolngs a|was prosorvo tbls orlgln and tbat lt a|was
romalns, tborob glvlng rlso to tbo concopt ol tbo porma-
nonco (ol tbo olgbtb consclousnoss).
`lv. As tbo practlsor bas wlpod out tbo tblrd aggrogato
comp|oto|, bo (wrong|) tblnks tbat |llo bas coasod to l|ow and
tbat slnco bls tblnklng mlnd (sa5) bas ondod, tbat wblcb
now romalns (l.o. samsk5ra) ls pormanont, tbus glvlng rlso to
tbo concopt ol tbo pormanonco (ol tbo lourtb aggrogato).
`Bocauso ol bls wrong concoptlon ol truo pormanonco,
bo mlssos tbo Buddba`s unlvorsa| know|odgo and la||s lnto
boros wblcb scroons bls Bodbl naturo. Tbo abovo portalns
to tbo socond stato ol botorodox dlscrlmlnatlon (samsk5ra)
wblcb postu|atos wrong pormanonco.
3. `Furtbor, ln bls cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl wblcb, as a
rosu|t ol bls polntod concontratlon ol mlnd, can no moro bo
troub|od b domons ll bo |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto tbo orlgln ol
|lvlng bolngs to dlllorontlato as bo contomp|atos tbo contlnu-
ous subt|o dlsturbanco ln tbls c|oar stato, bo wl|| la|| lnto orror
bocauso ol tbo (lo||owlng) lour porvorso vlows ol tbo dua|lt
ol pormanonco and lmpormanonco.
253
253. Tbls ls tbo sovontb consclousnoss c|lnglng to 5|aa`s porcoptlon wblcb ls rogardod as an ogo.
30S
`l. Tbo practlsor |ooks lnto tbo prolound brlgbt mlnd
wblcb porvados ovorwboro and rogards lt as bls splrltua|
ogo, bo llnds tbat bls ogo wblcb ls brlgbt and uncbanglng,
ombracos a|| tbo ton dlroctlons and tbat a|| |lvlng bolngs aro
born and dlo b tbomso|vos ln bls mlnd, tborob conc|udlng
tbat lt ls pormanont and a|| tboso suboct to blrtb and doatb
aro lmpormanont.
`ll. Tbo practlsor, lnstoad ol |ooklng lnto bls own mlnd,
contomp|atos countrlos wblcb aro count|oss as tbo Gangos`
sands, and tborob rogards as lmpormanont tboso roglons
wblcb aro annlbl|atod ln tbo ka|pa ol dostructlon
254
and as
pormanont tboso unalloctod b lt.
255
`lll. Tbo practlsor |ooks lnto bls mlnd wblcb, to blm, ls
subt|o and mstorlous |lko mo|ocu|os wblcb ponotrato every-
wboro and wboso naturo ls uncbangod, and can suboct
bls bod to blrtb and doatb slmu|tanoous| ln ovor l|asb ol
tbougbt. Ho rogards tbat wblcb doos not doca as bls porma-
nont ogo and tbat wblcb ls suboct to blrtb and doatb and
l|ows lrom bls ogo as lmpormanont.
`lv. Tbo practlsor wbo knows tbat altor tbo tblrd aggro-
gato bas vanlsbod, tbo lourtb ono l|ows contlnuous|, wl||
rogard tbo |attor as pormanont and tbo llrst tbroo aggrogatos
wblcb bavo a|road ondod as lmpormanont.
`B so dlllorontlatlng botwoon pormanonco and lmporma-
nonco, bo la||s lnto boros wblcb scroons bls Bodbl naturo. Tbo
abovo portaln to tbo tblrd stato ol botorodox dlscrlmlnatlon wblcb
254. Tbo tblrd db5na boavon and tbo wor|ds bo|ow lt.
255. Tbo lourtb db5na boavon and tboso abovo lt.
30
postu|atos tbo dua|lt ol pormanonco and lmpormanonco.
4. `Furtbor, ln bls cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl wblcb, as a
rosu|t ol polntod concontratlon ol mlnd, can no moro bo
troub|od b domons, ll tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto
tbo orlgln ol |lvlng bolngs and boglns to dlllorontlato as bo
contomp|atos tbo contlnuous dlsturbanco ln tbls c|oar stato,
bo wl|| la|| lnto orror bocauso ol tbo lo||owlng lour dua| vlows
ol tbo llnlto and lnllnlto.
`l. Ho |ooks lnto tbo orlgln ol |llo wblcb l|ows ond|oss|
and conc|udos tbat tbo past and tbo luturo wblcb bo doos not
soo aro llnlto and tbat bls prosont mlnd wblcb doos not stop
ls lnllnlto.
`ll. Ho |ooks lnto S0,000 ka|pas and soos |lvlng bolngs
ln tbls |ong porlod ol tlmo but wbon |ooklng lnto tbo tlmo
prlor ovon to tbat bo soos and boars notblng, bo tbon con-
c|udos tbat tbo roglon wboro bo soos and boars notblng ls ln-
llnlto and tbo ono wboro tboro aro |lvlng bolngs ls llnlto.
`lll. Tbo practlsor llnds tbat bls know|odgo roacbos ovor-
wboro and conc|udos tbat slnco a|| |lvlng bolngs appoar tboroln
(l.o. ln bls knowlng mlnd), bls naturo ls lnllnlto. As tbolr know-
|odgo (l.o. tbolr mlnds) do not appoar ln bls, bo roasons tbat
tbolr mlnds aro llnlto as wo|| as tbolr naturo.
`lv. As tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto tbo lourtb
aggrogato and llnds tbat lt onds ln omptlnoss, (bo roasons
tbat lts ond ls annlbl|atlon and lts manllostatlon ls croatlon
and so) lnlors tbat oacb |lvlng bolng part| oxlsts and part|
doos not and so conc|udos tbat a|| tblngs ln tbo wor|d aro ba|l
llnlto and ba|l lnllnlto.
30
B so dlscrlmlnatlng botwoon tbo llnlto and tbo lnllnlto, bo
la||s lnto boros wblcb scroons bls Bodbl naturo. Tbo abovo por-
taln to tbo lourtb stato ol botorodox dlscrlmlnatlon (samsk5ra)
wblcb postu|atos tbo dua|lt ol tbo llnlto and tbo lnllnlto.
5. `Furtbor, ln bls cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl wblcb, as a
rosu|t ol bls polntod concontratlon ol mlnd, can no moro bo
troub|od b domons, ll tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto
tbo orlgln ol |lvlng bolngs and boglns to dlllorontlato botwoon
vlows wbon contomp|atlng tbo contlnuous subt|o dlsturbanco
ln tbls c|oar stato, bo wl|| la|| lnto orror bocauso ol tbo (lo||ow-
lng) lour conlusod vlows about tbo undlng boavon.
256
`l. As, bo lnvostlgatos tbo orlgln ol translormatlon, bo
ma ca|| cbanglng tbat wblcb varlos, uncbanglng tbat wblcb
contlnuos, born tbat wblcb ls vlslb|o, annlbl|atod tbat wblcb
ls no moro soon, lncroaslng tbat wblcb prosorvos lts naturo ln
tbo procoss ol translormatlon, docroaslng tbat wboso naturo
ls lntorruptod ln tbo cbanglng procoss, oxlstlng tbat wblcb ls
croatod and non-oxlstont tbat wblcb dlsappoars, tbls ls tbo
rosu|t ol bls dlllorontlatlon ol tbo (olgbt statos) soon as bo
contomp|atos tbo manllostatlons ol tbo lourtb aggrogato. ll
sookors ol tbo trutb ca|| on blm lor lnstructlon, bo wl|| doc|aro:
l now botb |lvo and dlo, botb oxlst and do not, botb lncroaso
and docroaso, tbus ta|klng wl|d| to mls|oad tbom.
`ll. As tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto bls mlnd, bo
llnds tbat oacb tbougbt coasos to oxlst ln a l|asb and con-
c|udos tbat tbo aro non-oxlstont. ll poop|o ask lor lnstruc-
256. Horotlcs bo|lovo tbat boavon ls undlng and tbat bo wbo doos not mls|oad otbors wbon toacblng
tbom, wl|| bo roborn tboro. Honco, ln tbolr answors to tbolr studonts` quostlons, tbo uso abstruso
torms and abstaln lrom glvlng comp|oto and spoclllc rop|los wblcb tbo Buddba donouncos as wl|d ta|k.
3
tlon, bls answor conslsts ol tbo ono word Notblng, boond
wblcb bo sas notblng o|so.
`lll. As tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto bls mlnd, bo
soos tbo rlso ol bls tbougbts and conc|udos tbat tbo oxlst. ll
poop|o ask lor lnstructlon, bls answor conslsts ol tbo ono
word Somotblng, boond wblcb bo sas notblng o|so.
257
`lv. Tbo practlsor soos botb oxlstonco and non-
oxlstonco and llnds tbat sucb statos aro so comp|lcatod
tbat tbo conluso blm. ll poop|o ask lor lnstructlon, bo wl||
sa: Tbo oxlstlng comprlsos tbo non-oxlstont but tbo non-
oxlstont doos not comprlso tbo oxlstlng,
25S
ln sucb a por-
lunctor mannor as to provont oxbaustlvo lnqulrlos.
`B so dlscrlmlnatlng, bo causos conluslon and so la||s
lnto boros wblcb scroons bls Bodbl naturo. Tbo abovo por-
taln to tbo llltb stato ol botorodox dlscrlmlnatlon (samsk5ra)
wblcb postu|atos conlusod vlows about tbo undlng.
6. `Furtbor, ln bls cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl wblcb, as a
rosu|t ol bls polntod concontratlon ol mlnd, can no moro bo
troub|od b domons, ll tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto
tbo orlgln ol |lvlng bolngs and boglns to dlllorontlato as bo
contomp|atos tbo ond|oss l|ow (ol tbo lourtb aggrogato), bo
wl|| la|| lnto orror bocauso ol bls wrong vlow ol tbo contlnuod
oxlstonco ol lorm altor doatb
25
arlslng lrom bls upsot mlnd.
`So bo c|lngs llrm| to bls bod and bo|lovos tbat lorm
ls ogo, bo soos tbat bls mlnd ombracos a|| countrlos ovor-
257. Ho soos not on| tbo rlso, but a|so tbo la||, ol tbougbts, bonco bls amblguous rop|: `Somotblng`
wltbout darlng to spoak spoclllca|| ol tbolr oxlstonco ln ordor not to bo ln tbo wrong.
25S. For bo daros not sa dollnlto| tbat somotblng oxlsts ln tbo non-oxlstont.
25. For bo mlstakos tbo lourtb aggrogato lor bls ogo.
32
wboro and bo|lovos tbat lorm ls wltbln ogo, bo soos tbat lorm
ls now rostorod to lo||ow bls ogo, and bo|lovos tbat ogo oxlsts
apart lrom lorm, and bo soos tbat bls ogo contlnuos to oxlst
ln tbo l|ow ol samsk5ra and bo|lovos tbat lt ls wltbln lorm.
`Tboso aro (tbo lour klnds ol) dlscrlmlnatlon arlslng
lrom tbo bo|lol tbat lorm contlnuos to oxlst altor doatb. Tbus
tboro aro slxtoon klnds ol sucb dlscrlmlnatlon duo to wrong
contomp|atlon ol tbo llrst lour aggrogatos (rupa, vodan5,
sa5 and samsk5ra).
`From tbon on tbo practlsor dlscrlmlnatos botwoon lun-
damonta| troub|os (k|osa) and lundamonta| Bodbl as oxlstlng
sldo b sldo wltbout contradlctlng oacb otbor. For tbls wrong
vlow tbat lorm contlnuos altor doatb, bo wl|| la|| lnto boros
tbat scroons bls Bodbl naturo.
`Tbo abovo portaln to tbo slxtb stato ol botorodox dls-
crlmlnatlon (samsk5ra) wblcb postu|atos tbo wrong vlow tbat
lorm oxlsts doatb.
7. `Furtbor, ln bls cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl wblcb, as a
rosu|t ol bls polntod concontratlon ol mlnd, can no moro bo
troub|od b domons, ll tbo practlsor |ooks lnto tbo orlgln ol
|lvlng bolngs and boglns to dlllorontlato as bo contomp|atos
tbo lourtb aggrogato (samsk5ra) wblcb wl|| vanlsb ln tbo samo
wa tbo llrst tbroo (rupa, vodan5 and sa5) dld boloro, bo
wl|| la|| lnto orror bocauso ol bls wrong vlow ol tbo non-
oxlstonco ol lorm altor doatb arlslng lrom bls upsot mlnd.
`Ho saw tbat lorm was causo|oss wbon rupa vanlsbod,
tbat bls mlnd was lroo lrom bondago wbon sa5 ondod and
tbat a|| |lnks woro brokon wbon vodan5 stoppod. Ho now
33
conc|udos tbat onco tbo aggrogatos aro no moro, |llo do-
prlvod ol vodan5 and sa5 ls |lko grass and p|ants. Evon
rupa doos not oxlst ln |llo, bow can tboro bo lorm altor
doatb So bls lnvostlgatlon rovoa|s tbo non-oxlstonco ol lorm
altor doatb wltb tbo onsulng olgbtlo|d absonco ol lorm.
260
Honco bls bo|lol tbat Nlrv5na bas noltbor causo nor olloct and
tbat a|| tblngs aro vold, bavo on| (ompt) namos and aro
lundamonta|| suboct to annlbl|atlon.
`For tbls wrong vlow ol annlbl|atlon altor doatb, bo la||s
lnto boros tbat scroons bls Bodbl naturo. Tbls ls tbo sovontb
stato ol botorodox dlscrlmlnatlon (samsk5ra) wblcb postu-
|atos tbo wrong vlow ol annlbl|atlon (uccbodadarsana).
S. `Furtbor, ln bls cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl wblcb, as a
rosu|t ol bls polntod concontratlon ol mlnd, can no moro bo
troub|od b domons, ll tbo practlsor |ooks lnto tbo orlgln ol
|lvlng bolngs and boglns to dlllorontlato as bo contomp|atos
tbo lourtb aggrogato wblcb now manllosts wboroas (rupa),
vodan5 and sa5 bavo vanlsbod, bo wl|| la|| lnto orror bo-
causo ol tbo wrong dua| vlow ol oxlstonco and non-oxlstonco
wblcb ls so|l-contradlctor and wblcb lmp|los tbo nogatlon ol
botb altor doatb.
26
`Tbus rupa, vodan5 and sa5, provlous| soon to
oxlst now do not. ll samsk5ra wblcb now manllosts ls |lkowlso
not to oxlst lt ls (ln lact) not non-oxlstont. ll tboso lour aggro-
260. Eacb ol tbo llrst lour aggrogatos ls dovold ol causo-lorm and olloct-lorm.
26. Ho roasons tbat slnco tbo llrst tbroo aggrogatos bavo vanlsbod, tbo lourtb wl|| lo||ow tbom soonor
or |ator, and so lnlors tbat a|| lour aro non-oxlstont. Ho tbon roasons tbat tbo lourtb aggrogato
manllosts now ln splto ol tbo dlsappoaranco ol tbo llrst tbroo, and so lnlors tbat a|| lour aro not
non-oxlstont. Tbus bo conc|udos tbat slnco tbo lour aggrogatos aro noltbor oxlstlng nor non-oxlstont
ln |llo, tbo wl|| bo so altor doatb, bonco tbo olgbtlo|d nogatlvo vlow.
34
gatos aro |lkowlso |ookod lnto, tbo conc|uslon ls tbo olgbtlo|d
nogatlvo vlow ol lorm ln |llo and altor doatb. Tbus oacb ol
tbom wbon lnvostlgatod can bo sald to bo noltbor oxlstlng nor
non-oxlstont altor doatb.
`Furtbor, slnco tbo lourtb aggrogato ls (a|was) cbang-
lng, bo roasons tbat botb lts oxlstonco and non-oxlstonco aro
lnva|ld lor lt ls noltbor roa| nor unroa| (ln |llo). So bo lnlors
tbat notblng can bo sald ol lt ln tbo dark and obscuro condl-
tlon altor doatb.
`For bo|dlng tbo abovo vlows, bo wl|| la|| lnto boros
tbat scroons bls Bodbl naturo. Tbo portaln to tbo olgbtb stato
ol dlscrlmlnatlon (samsk5ra) wblcb postu|atos tbo lnva|ldlt
ol botb tbo oxlstonco and non-oxlstonco ol tbo llvo aggro-
gatos altor doatb.
. `Furtbor, ln bls cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl wblcb, as a
rosu|t ol bls polntod concontratlon ol mlnd, can no moro bo
troub|od b domons, ll tbo practlsor |ooks lnto tbo orlgln ol
|lvlng bolngs to dlllorontlato as bo contomp|atos tbo lourtb
aggrogato wblcb ls suboct to annlbl|atlon altor lts rlso and la||
ln ovor l|asb ol tbougbt, bo wl|| la|| lnto orror bocauso ol bls
wrong concoptlon ol oltbor ono ol tbo sovon statos wboro
bod, doslro, sullorlng, o, and lndllloronco
262
aro do-
strood and wboro notblng oxlsts altor tbolr annlbl|atlon
wblcb ls llna|.
`For tbls wrong vlow ol annlbl|atlon altor doatb, bo wl||
la|| lnto boros wblcb scroons bls Bodbl naturo. Tbls ls tbo
262. Annlbl|atlon ol bod ln tbo roa|ms ol mon and dovas, ol doslro ln tbo llrst db5na boavon, ol
sullorlng ln tbo socond, ol o ln tbo tblrd and lndllloronco ln tbo lourtb db5na boavon and tbo
lorm|oss wor|d.
35
nlntb stato ol botorodox dlscrlmlnatlon wblcb arlsos lrom tbo
upsot mlnd and wblcb postu|atos tbo annlbl|atlon ol tbo llvo
aggrogatos altor tbo prosont |llo.
0. `Furtbor, ln bls cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl wblcb, as a
rosu|t ol bls polntod concontratlon ol mlnd, can bo no moro
troub|od b domons, ll tbo practlsor |ooks lnto tbo orlgln ol
|lvlng bolngs and boglns to dlllorontlato as bo contomp|atos
tbo lourtb aggrogato wblcb wl|| rocur altor lts annlbl|atlon
(altor doatb), bo wl|| la|| lnto orror bocauso ol bls mlsconcop-
tlon ol tbo llvo la|so condltlons ol Nlrv5na.
`ln bls contomp|atlon ol tbo condltlon ol porloct c|oar-
noss wblcb now manllosts, bo ls tomptod to transmuto lnto
Nlrv5na oltbor (a) tbo boavon ol doslro bocauso ol bls do|lgbt
ln tbat condltlon, (b) tbo llrst db5na boavon bocauso lt ls
lroo lrom troub|o and anxlot, (c) tbo socond db5na
boavon bocauso lt ls lroo lrom sullorlng, (d) tbo tblrd db5na
boavon bocauso lt ls lu|| ol o, or (o) tbo lourtb db5na
boavon wblcb ls lroo lrom botb sullorlng and o and ls
boond blrtb and doatb ln sams5ra. Tbus bo wl|| mlstako
samsarlc boavons lor tbo (lundamonta|) wu wol stato and
c|lng to (oltbor ono ol) tboso llvo statos as an u|tlmato abodo
ollorlng poaco and socurlt. Bocauso ol tbls dlllorontlatlon,
bo wl|| la|| lnto boros wblcb wl|| scroon bls Bodbl naturo.
Tbls ls tbo tontb stato ol botorodox dlscrlmlnatlon
(samsk5ra) wblcb postu|atos llvo condltlons ol Nlrv5na, arls-
lng lrom tbo llvo aggrogatos.
`nanda, tboso ton klnds ol wl|d lntorprotatlon ol
db5na como lrom tbo lntormlng|lng ol tbo lourtb aggrogato
36
ol dlscrlmlnatlon wltb modltatlvo mlnd. Do|udod and wa-
ward practlsors wbo do not know tbolr own capabl|ltlos,
cannot dlstlngulsb tboso statos wbon tbo manllost and
wrong| doc|aro tbat tbo bavo attalnod tbo bo| rank. B so
dolng, tbo wl|| broak tbo ru|o agalnst |lng and so la|| lnto tbo
unlntormlttont bo||s. Altor m nlrv5na, ln tbo Dbarma ondlng
ago, ou sbou|d proc|alm tbls toacblng so tbat |lvlng bolngs
wl|| awakon to lt, tbat tbo domons ol tbolr mlnds wl|| not |oad
tbom to so|l-lnl|lctod ca|amltlos, and tbat a|| practlsors can bo
on tbolr guard and wlpo out botorodox vlows. You sbou|d
toacb tbom bow to dlsclp|lno tbolr bodlos and mlnds so tbat
tbo awakon to Roa|lt and avold stralng lrom tbo Supromo
Patb, and to rolraln lrom wlsblu| tblnklng and lrom mlstaklng
somo |ltt|o progross lor comp|oto roa|lzatlon. You sbou|d act
as tbolr guldo to Supromo En|lgbtonmont.
The Ten States Affected by the Fifth Aggregate of
Consciousness (Vijana)
`nanda, ln tbo cu|tlvatlon ol sam5dbl, wbon tbo lourtb aggro-
gato ol dlscrlmlnatlon (samsk5ra) comos to an ond, tbo subt|o
dlsturbanco ln tbo stato ol c|oarnoss, (tbat ls tbo lunctlonlng ol
samsarlc mlnd), wblcb ls tbo mocbanlsm ol blrtb and doatb,
suddon| oxp|odos and oxposos an out|ook comp|oto| dlllor-
ont lrom tbat ol tbo prolound karma ol pudga|a (l.o. a|| bolngs
suboct to transmlgratlon). Tbls ls tbo momont wbon Nlrv5na
ls about to dawn, |lko tbo cock-crow tbat bora|ds tbo llrst |lgbt
ol tbo da ln tbo oast, wbon tbo slx sonsos aro vold and stl||
37
and no moro wandor outsldo. Wltbln and wltbout tboro ls on|
a prolound brlgbtnoss roacblng tbo root ol |llo ol a|| bolngs ol
tbo two|vo lorms ol blrtb ln tbo ton dlroctlons ol spaco wboroln
tboro ls notblng tbat can bo lurtbor ponotratod. Tbls contom-
p|atlon ol tbo ossonco ol baslc c|lnglng (l.o. tbo llltb aggrogato
ol consclousnoss) ro|oasos tbo practlsor lrom a|| attractlon (b
o|d bablts and now karma) and lmmunlzos blm lrom lurtbor
transmlgratlon ln sams5ra lor bo bas roa|lzod tbo ldontlt ol
mlnd wltb lts so|l-croatod oxtorna|s ovorwboro. As tbo naturo
ol consclousnoss now manllosts c|oar|, bo wl|| dlscovor lts
blddon doptb, Tbls ls tbo llltb aggrogato ol consclousnoss
wblcb condltlons tbo practlsor`s modltatlon.
`As tbo practlsor ls lmmuno agalnst oxtorna| attractlons
and roa|lzos tbo ldontlt ol mlnd, and obocts, tbo soparato-
noss arlslng lrom tbo slx dllloront sonso organs coasos and
tbo mlnd lunctlons unllorm| wltb soolng and boarlng ln
rogard to a slng|o lunctlon wblcb ls puro and c|oan. ln tbls
stato, a|| tbo wor|ds ln tbo ton dlroctlons, togotbor wltb bls
bod and mlnd, aro c|oar and transparont |lko crsta| botb
wltbln and wltbout. Tbls ls tbo ond ol tbo aggrogato ol con-
sclousnoss wblcb onab|os tbo practlsor to |oap ovor and
boond tbo ka|pa ol turbld |llo, tbo maln causo ol wblcb ls tbo
(llrst) soomlng sbadow ol bls wrong tblnklng.
263
: `nanda, ou sbou|d know tbat, as tbo practlsor
|ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto tbo lourtb aggrogato (samsk5ra), lt
wl|| roturn to lts sourco, tbat ls (tbo llltb aggrogato) consclous-
noss. Tbougb bo wlpos out blrtb and doatb, bo doos not ot
263. l.o. tbo llrst tbougbt tbat stlrrod tbo mlnd slnco tbo tlmo wltbout boglnnlng.
3S
acblovo tbo puro and prolound stato ol Nlrv5na. Ho can now
unll tbo dllloront lunctlons ol tbo sonso organs, and so ls
awaro tbat a|| bolngs aro croatod b consclousnoss. Tbus bo
can ontor tbo sourco ol porloctlon but ll, on bls roturn to lt,
bo wrong| sots lt up as tbo causo ol truo pormanonco, and
rogards tbls as corroct, bo wl|| la|| lnto orror and wl|| bocomo
an adboront ol tbo Kapl|a doctrlno wblcb postu|atos prlmor-
dla| darknoss, tborob scroonlng bls Bodbl naturo and mlss-
lng tbo Buddba-know|odgo.
`Tbls ls tbo llrst stato ol tbo aggrogato ol consclousnoss
wblcb sots up tbo mlnd tbus roa|lzod as u|tlmato attalnmont
so stralng lar lrom Comp|oto En|lgbtonmont and standlng
opposlto to Nlrv5na, tbus sowlng tbo sood ol boros.
2. `nanda, as tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto
samsk5ra wblcb now bocomos vold, bo wl|| wlpo out blrtb
and doatb but wl|| not ot acblovo Nlrv5na. ll bo rogards con-
sclousnoss as bls substanco and lnslsts tbat bo ls rlgbt ln tblnk-
lng tbat a|| |lvlng bolngs ol tbo two|vo tpos ol blrtb ln bound-
|oss spaco sprlng lrom bls bod, bo wl|| orr bocauso ol bls
wrong concoptlon ol a suboctlvo croator and wl|| bocomo an
adboront ol Mabosvara wbo appoars ln a bod wblcb bas no
|lmlt, lt wl|| scroon bls Bodbl naturo and wl|| causo blm to mlss
tbo Buddba-know|odgo.
`Tbls ls tbo socond stato ol tbo aggrogato ol consclous-
noss wblcb sots up tbo mlnd-croator as u|tlmato attalnmont,
tbus stralng lar lrom Comp|oto En|lgbtonmont and standlng
opposlto to Nlrv5na, tborob sowlng tbo sood ol groat prldo
ln an omnlprosont dlvlno ogo.
3
3. `As tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto samsk5ra
wblcb now bocomos vold, bo wl|| wlpo out blrtb and doatb
but wl|| not ot acblovo Nlrv5na. ll bo c|lngs to consclousnoss
as bls rolugo, bo wl|| lntorprot tbat bls bod and mlnd as wo||
as tbo wbo|o ol spaco sprlng lrom tbat rolugo, tborob
wrong| lnlorrlng tbat tbls sourco ls truo Roa|lt, lroo lrom
blrtb and doatb. Bocauso ol bls mlslntorprotatlon ol vl5na
(consclousnoss) as pormanont, bo wl|| undorstand noltbor tbo
Uncroato nor (tbo croatod) blrtb and doatb. For bls do|lgbt ln
tbls do|udod stato, bo wl|| la|| lnto orror bocauso bo mlstakos
lmpormanonco lor pormanonco and wl|| tbus bocomo an ad-
boront ol lsvaradova, (tbo dlvlno ogo wbo croatos a|| tblngs),
tborob scroonlng bls Bodbl naturo and mlsslng tbo Buddba-
know|odgo.
`Tbls ls tbo tblrd stato ol tbo aggrogato ol consclous-
noss wblcb sots up tbo causa| mlnd as u|tlmato attalnmont,
tbus stralng lar lrom Comp|oto En|lgbtonmont and stand-
lng opposlto to Nlrv5na and so sowlng tbo sood ol porloc-
tlon`s opposlto.
4. `As tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto samsk5ra
wblcb bocomos vold, bo wl|| wlpo out blrtb and doatb but
wl|| not ot acblovo Nlrv5na. ll bo c|lngs to bls know|odgo
ol bls a||-ombraclng consclousnoss (5|aa) and so sots up
bls own lntorprotatlon tbat a|| grass and p|ants aro son-
tlont and do not dlllor lrom mon and tbat altor doatb mon
wl|| bocomo grass and p|ants. ll bo do|lgbts ln sucb mls-
concoptlon, bo wl|| la|| lnto orror bocauso ol wrong know-
lng and wl|| bocomo an adboront ol tbo doctrlno ol
320
Vaslstba
264
and Sanl, tbus scroonlng bls Bodbl naturo
and mlsslng tbo Buddba-know|odgo.
`Tbls ls tbo lourtb stato ol tbo aggrogato ol consclous-
noss wblcb sots up tbo knowlng mlnd as u|tlmato attalnmont,
tbus stralng lar lrom Comp|oto En|lgbtonmont and standlng
opposlto to Nlrv5na, tborob sowlng tbo sood ol lnvortod
knowlng.
5. `As tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto samsk5ra
wblcb now onds, bo wlpos out blrtb and doatb but doos not
ot acblovo Nlrv5na. ll bo awakons to tbo unllormlt ol tbo
(slx) sonso organs, as bo contomp|atos tbo orlglna| translor-
matlon (ol tbo lour o|omonts), bo ma bo tomptod to worsblp
tbo brlgbtnoss ol llro, tbo purlt ol wator, tbo lroodom ol wlnd
and tbo croatlvonoss ol oartb. Ho wl|| rogard tbom as lunda-
monta| causos ol croatlon and as pormanont Roa|lt, tborob
la||lng lnto orror bocauso ol bls wrong vlow ol croatlon. Ho
wl|| lo||ow tbo toacblng ol K5sapa
265
and otbor Brabmans
and wl||, ln bls quost ol lmmorta|lt, ollor bls bod and mlnd
to sorvo and worsblp llro and wator, tborob scroonlng bls
Bodbl naturo and mlsslng tbo Buddba-know|odgo.
`Tbls ls tbo llltb stato ol tbo aggrogato ol consclousnoss
wblcb postu|atos tbo worsblp (ol tbo o|omonts) tbus tbrowlng
awa tbo mlnd to pursuo lts obocts and wrong| sooklng tbo
causos ol lrultlon, bo wl|| tbus stra lar lrom Comp|oto
En|lgbtonmont and wl|| stand opposlto to Nlrv5na, tborob
sowlng tbo sood ol lnvortod translormatlon.
264. A Brabman wbo ls sald to bavo donlod tbo pormanonco ol Nlrv5na and malntalnod tbat p|ants bad
|lvos and sontlonco.
265. Wbo sots up a Croator ol gods, domons, mon and anlma|s.
32
6. `As tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto samsk5ra
wblcb now onds, bo wlpos out blrtb and doatb but doos not
ot acblovo Nlrv5na. ln tbls stago ol brlgbt and ompt con-
sclousnoss, bo ma bo tomptod to bo|lovo tbat voldnoss do-
stros a|| tblngs and wl|| c|lng to annlbl|atlon as bls |ast rolugo.
Ho wl|| la|| lnto orror bocauso bo c|lngs to notblngnoss and so
wl|| tblnk tbat dovas wltbout tbougbt aro vold tborob scroon-
lng bls Bodbl naturo and mlsslng tbo Buddba-know|odgo.
`Tbls ls tbo slxtb stato ol tbo aggrogato ol consclousnoss
wblcb ls comp|oto| vold and mlnd|oss |oadlng to ompt lru-
ltlon, tbo practlsor wl|| stra lar lrom Comp|oto En|lgbton-
mont and wl|| stand opposlto to Nlrv5na, tborob sowlng tbo
sood ol annlbl|atlon.
7. `As tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto samsk5ra
wblcb now onds, bo wlpos out blrtb and doatb but doos not
ot acblovo Nlrv5na. ln tbls contlnuod stato ol consclousnoss,
bo ma bo tomptod b lts soomlng pormanonco to tr and
mako bls own bod doatb|oss and lroo lt lrom morta|lt. Sucb
mlsconcoptlon wl|| causo blm to la|| lnto orror bocauso ol bls
wrong doslro and to lo||ow tbo toacblng ol Aslta-rsl wbo pos-
tu|atos |ongovlt, tborob scroonlng bls Bodbl naturo and
mlsslng tbo Buddba-know|odgo.
`Tbls ls tbo sovontb stato ol tbo aggrogato ol consclous-
noss wblcb c|lngs to |ong |llo and sots, up tbo la|so causo ol
prosorvatlon ln tbo soarcb lor pormanont lrultlon, tbo practls-
or wl|| tbus stra lar lrom Comp|oto En|lgbtonmont and wl||
stand opposlto to Nlrv5na, tborob sowlng tbo sood ol la|so
pro|ongatlon ol |llo.
322
S. `As tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto samsk5ra
wblcb now onds, bo wlpos out blrtb and doatb but doos not
ot roa|lzo Nlrv5na. ln bls contomp|atlon ol tbo aggrogato ol
consclousnoss. lrom wblcb sprlngs |llo, bo ma bo approbon-
slvo tbat lts ond wl|| causo tbo tota| annlbl|atlon ol tbo wor|d|,
bo wl|| b moans ol tbo powor ol translormatlon (ol 5|aa),
slt ln a |otus pa|aco and oxblblt tbo sovon troasuros and boau-
tllu| glr|s to glvo roln to bls mlnd. Ho wl|| tbus la|| lnto orror
bocauso ol bls lndu|gonco ln la|sobood and wl|| lo||ow tbo
boavon| domon, tborob scroonlng bls Bodbl naturo and
mlsslng tbo Buddba-know|odgo.
`Tbls ls tbo olgbtb stato ol tbo aggrogato ol consclous-
noss wblcb glvos rlso to tbo causo ol wor|d| lrultlon, tbo
practlsor wl|| tbus stra lar lrom Comp|oto En|lgbtonmont b
standlng opposlto to Nlrv5na, tborob sowlng tbo sood ol
boavon| domons.
. `Furtbor, as tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto
samsk5ra wblcb now onds, bo wlpos out blrtb and doatb but
doos not ot acblovo Nlrv5na. As bo contomp|atos bls brlgbt
consclousnoss, ll bo boglns to dlllorontlato botwoon lts llno
266
and coarso
267
cbaractorlstlcs, tbus lmp|lng tbo dua|lt ol
roa|lt and la|sobood ln bls soarcb lor tbo trutb, bo wl|| stra
lrom tbo puro and c|oan Patb, bo wl|| |ook lnto sullorlng, tbo
cuttlng ol lts causo, lts dostructlon and tbo wa tboroto, and
wl|| stop at lts annlbl|atlon wltbout strlvlng to advanco lurtbor.
B so dolng, bo wl|| lo||ow tboso wboso mlnds aro llxod on
266. |aa ltso|l.
267. |aa`s obocts.
323
tbo sr5vaka stago, tboso dovas ol tbo lour db5na boavons
and tboso wbo roluso to boar lurtbor about tbo Dbarma, and
so dovo|op so|l-concolt, tborob scroonlng bls Bodbl naturo
and mlsslng tbo Buddba-know|odgo.
`Tbls ls tbo nlntb stato ol tbo aggrogato ol consclous-
noss wblcb unltos wltb lts ossonco lor nlrvanlc lrultlon, tbo
practlsor wl|| tbus stra lar lrom Comp|oto En|lgbtonmont b
standlng opposlto to Nlrv5na, tborob sowlng tbo sood ol ob-
structlvo voldnoss.
0. `Furtbor, as tbo practlsor |ooks oxbaustlvo| lnto
samsk5ra wblcb now onds, bo ls lroo lrom blrtb and doatb
but doos not ot acblovo Nlrv5na. As bo contomp|atos tbo
brlgbt and puro ossonco ol consclousnoss, ll bo |ooks doopor
lnto lts doptb, bo ma rogard tbo |attor as Nlrv5na and wl|| not
strlvo to advanco lurtbor. Ho wl|| bo ono ol tboso wboso
mlnds aro sot on pratoka Buddbabood and wbo |lvo apart
lrom otbors to sook so|l-on|lgbtonmont, tborob scroonlng bls
Bodbl naturo and mlsslng tbo Buddba-know|odgo.
`Tbls ls tbo tontb stato ol tbo aggrogato ol consclousnoss
ls tbo unlon ol mlnd wltb puro awaronoss cu|mlnatlng ln c|oar
lrultlon, tbo practlsor wl|| tbus stra lar lrom Comp|oto En-
|lgbtonmont b standlng opposlto to Nlrv5na tborob sowlng
tbo sood ol lncomp|oto on|lgbtonmont.
`nanda, tboso aro tbo ton statos ol db5na |oadlng to
wl|d spocu|atlons bocauso tbo practlsor ro|los on do|uslon and
rogards lnadoquato acblovomont as lu|| roa|lzatlon. Tbo aro
duo to tbo lntormlng|lng ol tbo llltb aggrogato ol consclousnoss
wltb modltatlvo mlnd. Do|udod and waward poop|o wbo do
324
not know tbolr own capabl|ltlos, rost tbolr mlnds lnlatuatod b
lormor bablts on tboso statos wblcb now manllost and wblcb
tbo rogard as tbolr u|tlmato abodos. Tbo wl|| wrong| do-
c|aro tbat tbo bavo roa|lzod Supromo Bodbl and wl|| tbus
broak tbo ru|o agalnst |lng, tborob lormlng tbo ovl| karma ol
borotlcs and ovl| domons wblcb wl|| sond tbom down to tbo
unlntormlttont bo||s. As to sr5vakas and pratoka-buddbas
(wboso mlnds aro llxod), tbo wl|| not mako lurtbor progross.
`Altor m Nlrv5na, ln tbo Dbarma ondlng ago, ou
sbou|d a|| proc|alm tbls toacblng so tbat |lvlng bolngs wl||
awakon to lt, tbat tbo domons ol tbolr la|so porcoptlon cannot
causo tbom so|l-lnl|lctod ca|amltlos and tbat a|| practlsors can
bo on tbolr guard and wlpo out botorodox vlows. You sbou|d
toacb tbom bow to dlsclp|lno tbolr bodlos and mlnds so tbat
tbo acblovo tbo Buddba-know|odgo b not golng tbo wrong
wa lrom tbo start ol tbolr practlco. Tbls Dbarma-door was
lo||owod ln past aoons count|oss as tbo Gangos` sands b
Tatb5gatas numbor|oss as dust, wbo tborob oponod tbolr
mlnds and won tbo Supromo Tao.
`ll tbo aggrogato ol consclousnoss comos to an ond, a||
our sonso organs wl|| lntormlng|o lor unllorm lunctlonlng
and ou wl|| ontor tbo lndostructlb|o stato ol dr wlsdom ln
wblcb our on|lgbtonod ossonco ol mlnd wl|| manllost, |lko
puro crsta| wltb tbo proclous moon wltbln. You wl|| tbon
|oap ovor tbo ton stagos oacb ol Bodblsattva laltb, tbo ton
stagos oacb ol a Bodblsattva`s wlsdom, actlvltlos and dodl-
catlon, tbo lour stagos ol lntonslllod ollorts, tbo ton lndo-
structlb|o Bodblsattva posltlons (Dasabbuml) and tbo stato ol
325
Unlvorsa| En|lgbtonmont to ontor tbo Tatb5gata`s maostlc
ocoan ol Wondorlu| En|lgbtonmont, tbus porloctlng Bodbl to
roturn to wboro notblng can bo won.
`Tbo abovo aro vor llno statos ol M5ra dlscornod b
past Buddbas wbl|o abldlng ln tbo condltlon ol vlpasan5
wbon tbo practlsod samatba. ll ou know boloroband tboso
m5ra statos, ou wl|| bo ab|o to rub oll tbo dust ol our mlnd
and wl|| avold wrong vlows, tbo domons ol tbo llvo aggro-
gatos wl|| vanlsb, tbo boavon| domons wl|| bo crusbod, tbo
poworlu| gbosts and splrlts wl|| tako lrlgbt and run awa; tbo
splrlts ol tbo rlvors and bl||s wl|| not como to troub|o ou untl|
ou acblovo Bodbl. You wl|| tbus bogln our practlco lrom ln-
lorlor statos ol mlnd and tbon progross toward groat Nlrv5na
wltb a mlnd lroo lrom do|uslon and porp|oxlt.`
The Falsehood of the Five Aggregates
Altor boarlng tbo Buddba`s lnstructlon, nanda roso lrom bls
soat and prostratod blmso|l wltb bls boad at Hls loot. Slnco
bo bad rocolvod tbo toacblng wblcb bo cou|d now romombor
wo||, bo sald: `As tbo Buddba bas sald, tbo llvo klnds ol la|so-
bood arlslng lrom tbo llvo aggrogatos aro duo to tbo tblnklng
mlnd but wo bavo not board our oxp|anatlon ln dotal|.
Furtbor, sbou|d tbo llvo aggrogatos bo wlpod out slmu|tano-
ous| or soparato| ono altor anotbor Wbat aro tbolr bound-
arlos Wl|| ou bo compasslonato onougb to toacb us so tbat
ovorono boro can c|oanso bls mlnd-oo and bo tbo luturo
guldlng oo lor |lvlng bolngs ln tbo Dbarma ondlng ago`
326
Tbo Buddba sald: `nanda, puro Roa|lt ls prolound
En|lgbtonmont, and baslc En|lgbtonmont ls porloct and puro,
contalnlng noltbor blrtb and doatb nor an lmpurltlos nor
ovon voldnoss, a|| ol wblcb sprlng lrom la|so tblnklng. From
tbo prolound on|lgbtonod truo ossonco ol baslc En|lgbton-
mont arlsos tbo l||uslon ol a matorla| unlvorso ln tbo samo wa
tbat Yaadatta docolvod blmso|l lnto bo|lovlng ln tbo lmago
ol bls boad. Fundamonta|| la|sobood bas no causo but la|so
tblnklng sots lt up and do|udod poop|o (lurtbor) mlstako lt lor
bolng tbo so|l as sucb. Evon voldnoss ls but an l||uslon, (bow
mucb moro so aro) causo and tbo so|l as sucb wblcb aro tbo
product ol dlscrlmlnatlon arlslng ln tbo la|so mlnd ol |lvlng bo-
lngs. nanda, ll ou know wboro la|sobood arlsos, ou can
spoak ol causo, but ll lundamonta|| tboro ls no la|sobood,
bow can ou spoak ol causo Stl|| |oss can ou spoak ol tbo
so|l as sucb. Tboroloro, tbo Tatb5gata rovoa|s to ou tbat tbo
baslc causo ol tbo llvo aggrogatos ls la|so tblnklng.
Falseness of the first aggregate of form (rpa)
`Your bod owos lts oxlstonco llrst to our paronts` tbougbt
ol glvlng blrtb but bad ou not tbougbt (ol bolng born), tboro
wou|d bavo boon no cbanco lor our lncarnatlon ln tbolr
tbougbt. As l sald oar|lor, wbon ou tblnk ol vlnogar, our
moutb wators and wbon ou tblnk ol sca|lng a blgb c|lll, ou
loo| dlstross ln tbo so|os ol our loot. But tboro ls noltbor vln-
ogar nor c|lll and ll our bod ls not ol tbo samo (l||usor) na-
turo as la|sobood, bow can wator como to our moutb wbon
ou tblnk ol vlnogar Tboroloro, ou sbou|d know tbat our
327
pbslca| bod (rupak5a) ls tbo llrst stato ol congoa|atlon ol
our la|so tblnklng.
Falseness of the second aggregate of receptiveness (vedan)
`Wo bavo spokon ol tbo tbougbt ol sca|lng a c|lll wblcb can
causo our bod to loo| dlstross. Tbls ls tbo aggrogato ol ro-
coptlvonoss alloctlng our pbslca| bod wblcb ls tbus
movod b lavourab|o or advorso loo|lngs. Tbls ls tbo socond
stato ol ompt rol|octlon ol our la|so tblnklng.
Falseness of the third aggregate of conception (saja)
`Your tbougbt can mako our bod movo but ll botb aro not
akln bow can bod obo tbougbt`s ordor to act Tboroloro,
wbon mlnd stlrs, bod obos and botb act ln porloct unlson.
Wbon ou aro awako, our tblnklng mlnd works but wbon
ou s|oop, droams tako tbo p|aco ol tbougbts.
26S
Tboroloro,
ou sbou|d know tbat our tbougbts stlr our la|so loo|lngs.
Tbls ls tbo tblrd stato ol porvaslvonoss ol our la|so tblnklng.
Falseness of the fourth aggregate of discrimination (saskra)
`Translormatlon novor stops and cbangos lmporcoptlb|
ovor lnstant, as sbown b tbo growtb ol balr and nal|s, and
tbo |oss ol vlta|lt ln o|d ago as rovoa|od b tbo wrlnk|os on
ono`s laco. Tbls cbango occurs da and nlgbt, but wo do not
notlco lt. nanda, ll tbls ls not ou, wb doos our bod
cbango (On tbo otbor band) ll lt ls ou, wb do ou not no-
tlco tbo cbango Tboroloro, ou sbou|d know tbat ovor dls-
26S. Tbls ls probab| wb tbo |ato Prol. C. G. Jung studlod droams ln bls rosoarcb lnto wbat bo ca||od
tbo unconsclous.
32S
crlmlnatlon doos not stop ln a l|asb ol tbougbt. Tbls ls tbo
lourtb stato ol concoa|mont ol our la|so tblnklng.
Falseness of the fifth aggregate of consciousness (vijna)
`ll our puro, brlgbt, prolound and subt|o (consclousnoss) ls
pormanont, wb (ls lt condltlonod b and) doos not go bo-
ond our bod`s soolng, boarlng, loo|lng and knowlng ll lt
ls tbo roa|, lt sbou|d not a||ow ltso|l to bo alloctod b our
la|so bablts. Vor |ong ago ou saw unusua| tblngs but ou
tbon lorgot a|| about tbom. Wb do ou romombor tbom so
vlvld| wbon ou now soo tbom agaln Tbls sbows tbat tbo
contamlnatlon ol our c|oar and stl|| consclousnoss contln-
uos, lnstant altor lnstant, ln unbrokon contlnult, bow can
ou ascortaln tbls nanda, ou sbou|d know tbat tbls stl||
(Consclousnoss) ls not Roa|lt and ls |lko a rlvor wblcb l|ows
swllt| but sooms to bo stl||, ll ou do not soo lt l|ow, tbls doos
not moan tbat lt stops. ll consclousnoss ls not tbo sourco ol
la|so tblnklng, bow can lt bo lnl|uoncod b wrong bablts ll
ou lal| to (wlpo out soparatonoss and) acblovo tbo unllorm
lunctlonlng ol a|| our slx sonso organs, our la|so tblnklng
cannot bo brougbt to an ond. Tboroloro, boblnd our soolng,
boarlng, loo|lng and knowlng, tboro ls cbaln ol subt|o wor|d|
bablts and wltbln our stl|| consclousnoss tboro ls somotblng
wblcb sooms not to but doos oxlst and wblcb ls tbo llltb subt|o
stato ol our la|so tblnklng.
`nanda, a|| tbo llvo aggrogatos aro croatod b tbls llvo-
lo|d la|so tblnklng. As to tbolr boundarlos about wblcb ou
wlsb to know, lorm and voldnoss aro tbo boundarlos ol tbo
32
aggrogato ol rupa, rocoptlvonoss and non-rocoptlvonoss ol
vodan5, romombranco and lorgotlu|noss ol sa5, rlso and
la|| ol samsk5ra, and tbo roturn ol consclousnoss to, and lts
unlon wltb, lts substanco aro tboso ol vl5na.
`Tbo llvo aggrogatos arlso b pl|lng tbomso|vos upon
ono anotbor. Tbo orlglnato lrom consclousnoss (mlnd) and
sbou|d bo o|lmlnatod boglnnlng wltb lorm (mattor). ln prln-
cip|o, tbo a|| vanlsb tbo momont ono ls lnstantanoous| awak-
onod, but ln practlco, tbo aro wlpod out gradua|| duo to tbo
lorco ol bablt. l bavo sbown ou bow to untlo tbo slx knots
ln a c|otb and a|| tbls sbou|d bavo boon c|oar to ou, wb do
ou stl|| ask mo (about lt)
`You sbou|d awakon to tbo sourco ol la|so tblnklng and
opon our mlnd, and tbon toacb practlsors ln tbo Dbarma
ondlng ago so tbat tbo know lts la|sobood and rooct lt,
bocomo awaro ol tbo oxlstonco ol Nlrv5na, and so stop
hankorlng altor tbo tbroo wor|ds.
`nanda, ll a man ll||s spaco ln tbo ton dlroctlons wltb
tbo sovon troasuros and tbon ollors tbom to Buddbas un-
countab|o as dust, wltb bls mlnd sot on sorvlng tbom lau|t-
|oss|, wbat do ou tblnk ol bls morlts lrom sucb a good
causo`
nanda rop|lod: `Spaco ls bound|oss and tbo troasuros
cannot bo countod. Onco a man on| ollorod sovon colns to
(sovon) Buddbas and bls morlt |od to bls roblrtb as a boavon|
ru|or ol tbo wor|d, bow mucb moro so ls tbo un|lmltod morlt
dorlvod lrom ollorlng troasuros tbat ll|| Buddba-|ands ln
bound|oss spaco`
330
Tbo Buddba sald: `nanda, tbo words ol Buddbas aro
not docoltlu|. ll anotbor man, altor commlttlng tbo lours
26
and ton
270
slns (p5r5lkas) and altor la||lng lnto tbo avicl bo||s,
can, ln a l|asb, tblnk ol toacblng tbls Dbarma door to |lvlng
bolngs ln tbo Dbarma ondlng ago, bls ovl| slns wl|| vanlsb and
bls bo||s ol sullorlng wl|| cbango lnto bapp p|acos lor bls
morlt surpassos tbat ol tbo glvor ol troasuros, bocauso tbo |at-
tor`s cannot bo ovon a bundrodtb, a tbousandtb, a bundrod
tbousandtb ol tbo lormor`s, ln lact no comparlson can bo
mado botwoon tbo two. nanda, ll somoono roads (and
practlsos) tbls sutra, tbo wbo|o aoon wl|| pass |ong boloro bls
morlts can bo onumoratod ln lu||. Ho wbo lo||ows and prac-
tlsos m toacblng wl|| bo lroo lrom a|| tbo obstructlons ol
M5ra and wl|| roa|lzo Bodbl.`
Altor tbo Buddba bad oxpoundod tbls sutra, a|| tbo
monks, nuns, ma|o and loma|o dovotoos, dovas, mon,
Bodblsattvas, sr5vakas, pratoka-buddbas, rsls and now| ln-
ltlatod gbosts and splrlts woro ll||od wltb o, pald rovoronco
to Hlm and |olt.
26. Tbo lour slns aro: kl||lng, stoa|lng, carna|lt and |lng.
270. Tbo ton slns aro: kl||lng, stoa|lng, carna|lt, |lng, so||lng wlno, ta|klng ol a monk`s mlsdoods, so|l-
pralso lor dogradlng otbors, moannoss, angor at robuko and vl|lllng tbo Trlratna.
33
Glossary
bhsvara: Tbo tblrd db5na boavon ol tbo socond roglon
wboro lnllnlto |lgbt ls tbo tbomo ol tbo toacblng volco tbat
proacbos purlt and c|oannoss to a|| wbo can rospond.
Abhimukh: Tbo stago ol tbo appoaranco ol tbo abso|uto, tbo
slxtb ol tbo ton blgbost stagos ol Bodblsattva attalnmont.
Abhisecana: Consocratlon b sprlnk|lng, or pourlng wator
on tbo boad.
Acala: Stago ol lmporturbabl|lt, tbo olgbtb ol tbo ton
blgbost stagos ol Bodblsattva attalnmont.
Ajta-kauinya: A dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba wbo attalnod
arbatsblp b moans ol modltatlon on tbo sound.
Akaniha: Tbo |ast ol tbo llvo boavons lrom wblcb tboro ls
no roturn.
kagarbha: A Bodblsattva wbo roa|lzod on|lgbtonmont
b moans ol modltatlon on tbo o|omont ol spaco.
knantyyatana: Tbo boavon ol bound|oss omptlnoss,
tbo llrst ol tbo lour boavons boond lorm.
Akicanyyatana: Tbo boavon ol notblngnoss, tbo tblrd ol
tbo lour boavons boond lorm.
laya: Tbo storo ol consclousnoss, a|so ca||od tbo olgbtb
consclousnoss.
Amitbha: Tbo Buddba ol lnllnlto Llgbt ol tbo Wostorn
Paradlso ol B|lss, wltb Ava|okltosvara on bls |olt and
Mab5stb5mapr5pta on bls rlgbt.
332
Anabhraka: Tbo boavon ol lo|lcltous do|lgbt, tbo socond ol
tbo lour db5na boavons ol tbo lourtb roglon.
Angmin: A non-comlng or non-roturnlng arbat wbo wl||
not bo roborn, tbo tblrd stago ol tbo patb.
nanda: A cousln ol tbo Buddba. Ho was notod as tbo most
|oarnod dlsclp|o, and lamod lor boarlng and romombor-
lng Hls toacblng. Ho was a compl|or ol sutras and tbo
Socond Patrlarcb ol tbo Cb`an soct.
Aniruddha: A dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba wbo roa|lzod on|lgbt-
onmont b turnlng tbo organ ol slgbt back to lts sourco.
Anutpattika-dharma-knti: Tbo patlont onduranco ol tbo
uncroato, or rost ln tbo lmporturbab|o roa|lt wblcb ls
boond blrtb and doatb and roqulros a vor patlont
onduranco. Tbo Pra5p5ramlt5-s5stra dollnos lt as tbo
unl|lncblng laltb and unporturbod abldlng ln tbo undor-
|lng roa|lt ol a|| tblngs, wblcb ls boond croatlon and
dostructlon. lt must bo roa|lzod boloro attalnmont ol
Buddbabood.
Aprambha: Tbo boavon ol lnllnlto |lgbt, tbo socond ol
tbo tbroo db5na boavons ol tbo socond roglon.
Apramaubha: Tbo boavon ol lnllnlto purlt, tbo socond
ol tbo tbroo db5na boavons ol tbo tblrd roglon.
Arbuda: Or a mass, durlng tbo socond wook ol lormatlon ol
a lootus.
Arcimat: Tbo stato ol g|owlng wlsdom, tbo lourtb ol tbo
ton blgbost stagos ol Bodblsattva attalnmont.
333
Arhat: A salnt| man, tbo blgbost tpo or ldoa| ln Hina5na
ln contrast wltb a Bodblsattva as tbo salnt ln Mab55na.
Arpadhtu: Tbo roa|m boond lorm.
Asajisattva: Tbo boavon ol tbougbt|oss dovas, tbo |ast ol
tbo lour db5na boavons ol tbo lourtb roglon.
srava: Wor|d| or lmpuro oll|ux lrom tbo mlnd, as
contrastod wltb ansrava, l.o. outsldo tbo passlon-stroam.
Asura: Tltanlc domons, onomlos ol tbo gods, wltb wbom,
ospocla|| lndra, tbo wago constant war.
Atapa: A boavon lroo lrom tbo boat ol mlnor troub|o, tbo
socond ol tbo llvo boavons lrom wblcb tboro ls no roturn.
Avalokitevara: Kuan Yln or Goddoss ol Morc ln Cblna,
so ca||od bocauso ol bls appoaranco as a bonovo|ont
|ad. Ho attalnod on|lgbtonmont b moans ol tbo lacu|t
ol boarlng.
Avci: Tbo |ast and doopost ol tbo olgbt bo||s, wboro slnnors
sullor, dlo and aro lnstant| roborn to sullor wltbout
lntorruptlon.
Avha: A boavon lroo lrom troub|o, tbo llrst ol tbo llvo
boavons lrom wblcb tboro ls no roturn.
yatana: Tbo two|vo: Slx sonso organs and slx sonso data.
Bhadrapla: A Bodblsattva wbo roa|lzod on|lgbtonmont b
moans ol modltatlon on toucb.
Bhaiajya-rja: Tbo o|dor ol tbo two brotbors, wbo was tbo
334
llrst to docldo on bls caroor as Bodblsattva ol boa|lng and
|od bls oungor brotbor to adopt tbo samo courso.
Bhaiajya-samudgata: Tbo Bodblsattva ol boa|lng wboso
olllco ls to boa| tbo slck, oungor brotbor ol Bbalsaa-rna.
Bhiku, bhiku: Buddblst monk and nun.
Bhma-garjita-ghoa-svara-rja: Tbo klng wltb a an awo-
lnsplrlng volco, tbo namo ol count|oss Buddbas succos-
slvo| durlng tbo ka|pa or aoon ca||od `tbo ka|pa lroo lrom
tbo ca|amltlos ol docadonco, lamlno, opldomlcs, otc.`
Bhtatathat: Bbuta ls substanco, tbat wblcb oxlsts, tatbat5
ls sucbnoss, tbusnoss, l.o. sucb ls lts naturo. lt moans tbo
roa|, tbus a|was, or otorna|| so, l.o. roa|lt as contrastod
wltb unroa|lt, or appoaranco, and tbo uncbanglng or
lmmutab|o as contrastod wltb lorm and pbonomona.
Bodhi: En|lgbtonmont.
Bodhimaala: Ho| slto, p|aco ol on|lgbtonmont, tbo
p|aco wboro tbo Buddba attalnod on|lgbtonmont or
wboro Ho oxpoundod tbo Dbarma, a monastor.
Bodhisattva: A Mabaanlst sooklng on|lgbtonmont to
on|lgbton otbors, bo ls dovold ol ogolsm and dovotod to
bo|plng a|| |lvlng bolngs.
Buddha: Tbo En|lgbtonod Ono, tbo llrst ol tbo Trlp|o Gom,
tbo socond bolng Dbarma (Doctrlno) and tbo tblrd,
Sangba (Ordor).
Buddha Dharma: Tbo doctrlno or toacblng ol tbo Buddba.
335
Brahm: Tbo latbor ol a|| |lvlng bolngs, tbo llrst porson ol
tbo Brabmlnlca| Trlmurtl (trlnlt): Brabm5, Vlsnu and
Slva, rocognlzod b Buddblsm as dovas but as lnlorlor to
a Buddba or on|lgbtonod man.
Brahmacrin: A Brabman ascotlc wltb bls mlnd sot on puro
|lvlng.
Brahmakyika: Assomb| ol brabma-dovas.
Brahmapurohitas: Rotlnuo ol Brabm5.
Bhatphala: Tbo boavon ol Abundant Frult, tbo tblrd ol tbo
lour db5na boavons ol tbo lourtb roglon.
Candraprabha: A Bodblsattva wbo roa|lzod on|lgbtonmont
b moans ol modltatlon on tbo o|omont ol wator.
Candra-srya-pradpa: Tbo tlt|o ol 20,000 Buddbas wbo
succoodod oacb otbor proacblng tbo Lotus Sutra.
Catur-mahrja-kyika: Tbo lour boavons ol tbo lour dova-
klngs, tbo llrst ol tbo slx boavons ol tbo roa|m ol doslro.
Chan: Namo ol mlnd, cb`an bolng namo and mlnd bolng
substanco, wrong| lntorprotod as modltatlon, abstrac-
tlon, or db5na ln Sanskrlt.
Dna: Cbarlt, a|msglvlng, l.o. ol mono, goods or doctrlno.
Dnapramit: Tbo llrst ol tbo slx p5ramlt5s, conslstlng ln tbo
porloct oxorclso ol a|msglvlng lor tbo purposo ol crosslng
ovor lrom tbls sboro ol morta|lt, or sams5ra to tbo otbor
sboro, or Nlrv5na. Tbo llvo otbor p5ramlt5s aro: si|a, mora|
conduct, ks5ntl, patlont onduranco, vira, zoa| and dovo-
tlon, db5na, abstract modltatlon and pra5, wlsdom.
336
Daabhmi: Tbo ton blgbost stagos ol Bodblsattva attalnmont.
Devas: Tbo gods, tbo blgbost lncarnatlons ol tbo slx wor|ds ol
oxlstonco.
Devaloka: Tbo roa|m ol gods.
Dhra: Or mantra, an lncantatlon, spo||, oatb, mstlca|
lormu|ao omp|ood ln oga to contro| tbo mlnd so tbat lt
cannot bo alloctod b oxtorna| lnl|uonco.
Dharaidhara: Or `Ru|or ol tbo Eartb`, a Bodblsattva
wbo roa|lzod Bodbl b moans ol modltatlon on tbo
o|omont ol oartb.
Dharma: Tbo trutb, |aw or doctrlno, a tblng, a|| tblngs, an-
tblng groat or sma||, vlslb|o or lnvlslb|o, roa| or unroa|,
concroto tblng or abstract ldoa. lt connotos Buddblsm as
tbo porloct ro|lglon and bas tbo socond p|aco ln tbo
trlratna, or Trlp|o Gom.
Dharmadhtu: (a) A namo lor tblngs ln gonora|, noumona|
or pbonomona|, lor tbo pbslca| unlvorso, or an part ol
lt. (b) Tbo unlllng undor|lng splrltua| roa|lt rogardod as
tbo ground or causo ol a|| tblngs, tbo abso|uto lrom wblcb
a|| procoods. (c) Ono ol tbo olgbtoon db5tus, or roa|ms ol
sonsos. Tboro aro catogorlos ol tbroo, lour, llvo and ton
dbarmadb5tus. Tbo ton aro tbo roa|ms ol () Buddbas,
(2) Bodblsattvas, (3) pratoka-buddbas, (4) sr5vakas,
(5) dovas, (6) mon, (7) asuras, or tltans, (S) anlma|s,
() bungr gbosts and (0) bo||s. Tbo lour aro: () tbo
pbonomona| roa|m, wltb dlllorontlatlon, (2) tbo noumo-
na| roa|m, wltb unlt, (3) tbo roa|m ol botb tbo noumona|
337
and pbonomona| wblcb aro lntordopondont and (4) tbo
roa|m ol pbonomona wblcb aro a|so lntordopondont. Tbo
tbroo aro tbo abovo lour mlnus tbo pbonomona| roa|m.
l.o. () tbo noumona| roa|m, (2) tbo roa|m ol botb nou-
mona| and pbonomona| wblcb aro lntordopondont, and
(3) tbo roa|m ol pbonomona wblcb aro a|so lntordopond-
ont. Tbo llvo aro:() tbo wor|dl, or tbo abovo `pbonom-
ona|` roa|m, (2) tbo transcondonta|, or tbo abovo `noumo-
na|`, (3) tbo roa|m ol botb tbo wor|d| and transcondon-
ta|, or tbo abovo `noumona| and pbonomona| wblcb aro
lntordopondont`, (4) noltbor tbo wor|d| nor tbo transcon-
donta| or tbo abovo `noumona| and pbonomona| wblcb
aro lntordopondont`, and (5) tbo unblndorod roa|m, or
tbo abovo `pbonomona wblcb aro a|so lntordopondont`.
Dharmakya: Bod ln lts ossontla| naturo, or tbat ol tbo
Buddba as sucb, lt ls porcoptlb|o to Buddbas on|.
Dharmamegha: Tbo stago ol Dbarma-c|ouds ln wblcb
sbo|torlng c|ouds ol compasslon covor tbo ocoan ol
Nlrv5na, tbo ton blgbost stagos ol Bodblsattva
attalnmont.
Dhyna: Modltatlon, abstract contomp|atlon, modltatlvo
stud ol tbo `moan` wblcb ls lnc|uslvo ol botb uncbangod
noumonon and cbanglng pbonomona.
Dhyna-pramita: Tbo llltb ol tbo slx p5ramlt5s, conslstlng
ln tbo porloct modltatlon lor tbo purposo ol crosslng ovor
lrom tbls sboro ol morta|lt, or sams5ra to tbo otbor
sboro, or Nlrv5na.
Dpakara Buddha: Tbo twont-lourtb prodocossor ol
33S
S5kamunl, wbo prodlctod tbo |attor`s attalnmont ol
Buddbabood.
Dragam: Tbo a||-ombraclng stago, tbo sovontb ol tbo
ton blgbost stagos ol Bodblsattva attalnmont.
Gandharvas: Splrlts on tbo lragrant mountaln so ca||
bocauso tbo do not oat moat or drlnk wlno, but lood on
lnconso and glvo oll lragrant odours.
Garua: A mtblca| blrd, tbo quoon ol tbo loatborod raco,
onom ol tbo sorpont raco, voblc|o ol Vlsnu.
Gth: Stanza, poom or cbant, ono ol tbo two|vo dlvlslons
ol tbo Mab55na canon.
Gavpati: A dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba, wbo attalnod
arbatsblp b moans ol modltatlon on tbo organ ol tasto.
Ghana: A so|ld |ump durlng tbo lourtb wook ol lormatlon ol
a lootus.
Han Shan: `Sl|| Mountaln`, a namo adoptod b Cb`an
mastor To Cb`lng wbo was rosponslb|o lor tbo rovlva| ol
tbo Cb`an Soct ln Cblna ln tbo Mlng dnast. Born ln
546 and dlod ln 623.
Hetupratyaya: Hotu, prlmar causo, o.g. a sood, prataa,
condltlon or socondar causo, o.g. tbo oartb, raln,
sunsblno. Trans|atod as causo and condltlon.
Hnayna: `Sma|| Voblc|o`, a|so ca||od `ba|l-word`, pro|lml-
nar toacblng glvon b tbo Buddba to Hls dlsclp|os wbo
woro stl|| not qua|lllod lor rocolvlng Hls Mab55na doc-
trlnos, ca||od `wbo|o-word.`
33
Hsu Yun: A|so ca||od To Cb`lng, a Cb`an mastor rogardod
as tbo rlgbt Dbarma Eo ol tbo prosont gonoratlon,
S40-5.
Jambudvpa: Our oartb.
Jetavana park: A park noar Sr5vasti, sald to bavo boon
obtalnod lrom Prlnco Jot5 b tbo o|dor An5tbaplndada,
ln wblcb monastlc bul|dlngs woro oroctod. lt was tbo
lavourlto rosort ol tbo Buddba.
Jnakya: Wlsdom-bod ol tbo Buddba.
Kakuda Ktyyana: An lndlan pbl|osopbor wbo sald tbat
wbon tbo bod dlod, lts annlbl|atlon was Nlrv5na.
Kalala: A s|lppor coagu|atlon, tbo buman ombro durlng
tbo llrst wook ol lormatlon ol a lootus.
Kalpa: Aoon. Tbo porlod ol tlmo botwoon tbo croatlon,
dostructlon and rocroatlon ol a wor|d or unlvorso.
Kalyamitra: A man ol good counso|, or ono wbo ls road
to toacb tbo Dbarma to otbors.
Kmadhtu: Tbo roa|m ol doslro.
Karma: Mora| actlon causlng luturo rotrlbutlon, and oltbor
good or ovl| transmlgratlon.
Kasya: A porlod ol turbldlt, lmpurlt or cbaos, l.o. ol doca.
Ktyyana: A|so ca||od Mab5k5t5ana and Mab5k5t5a-
nlputra, ono ol tbo ton notod dlsclp|os ol tbo Buddba.
Kauhila: A|so ca||od Mab5kaustbl|a, an arbat, matorna|
unc|o ol 5rlputra, wbo bocamo an omlnont dlsclp|o ol
tbo Buddba.
340
Kinnara: Tbo muslclans ol Kuvora (tbo god ol rlcbos) wltb
mon`s bodlos and borsos` boads.
Klea: Worr, anxlot, troub|o, dlstross and wbatovor
causos tbom.
Klia-mano-vijna: Tbo sovontb consclousnoss, lt ls tbo
dlscrlmlnatlng and constructlvo sonso, moro tban tbo
lnto||octua|| porcoptlvo, lt ls tbo causo ol a|| ogolsm and
lndlvldua|lzlng, l.o. ol mon and tblngs.
Kaa: Tbo sbortost moasuro ol tlmo, 60 ksana oqua| ono
llngorsnap, 0 a tbougbt, 4,500 a mlnuto.
Kntipramit: Tbo tblrd p5ramlt5 conslstlng ln practlco
ol patlont onduranco to cross ovor lrom tbls sboro ol
morta|lt, or sams5ra to tbo otbor sboro, or Nlrv5na.
Kudrapanthaka: A dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba wbo roa|lzod
arbatsblp b moans ol modltatlon on tbo organ ol smo||.
Kukkua park: Cook`s Foot mountaln ln Magadba, on wblcb
K5sapa ontorod lnto Sam5dbl but wboro bo ls to bo |lvlng.
Mdhyamika: Tbo Mldd|o Scboo|, loundod b N5g5runa.
Mahbrahm heaven: Tbo |ast ol tbo tbroo db5na
boavons ol tbo llrst roglon.
Mahkyapa: A Brabmln ol Magadba, dlsclp|o ol tbo
Buddba, to wbom was bandod down tbo Mlnd Dbarma,
outsldo ol Scrlpturos, tbo Flrst Patrlarcb ol tbo Cb`an
soct, accrodltod wltb suporvlslng tbo llrst compl|atlon ol
tbo Buddba`s sormons.
Mah-Maudgalyyana: A|so ca||od Maudga|aputra, ono ol
34
tbo ton cblol dlsclp|os ol tbo Buddba, spocla|| notod lor
bls transcondonta| powors.
Mahsthma: A|so ca||od Mab5stb5mapr5pta, a Bodblsattva
roprosontlng tbo Buddba-wlsdom ol Amlt5bba. Ho ls on
Amlt5bba`s rlgbt wltb Ava|okltosvara on tbo |olt. Tbo aro
ca||od tbo Tbroo Ho| Onos ol tbo Wostorn Paradlso ol B|lss.
Mahyna: Tbo Groat Voblc|o wblcb lndlcatos unlvorsa|-
lsm, or sa|vatlon lor a||, lor a|| aro Buddbas and wl|| attaln
on|lgbtonmont. (Soo Hina5na.)
Mahoraga: A c|ass ol domons sbapod |lko tbo boa.
Maitreya: Tbo Buddblst Mosslab, or noxt Buddba, now ln
Tuslta boavon, wbo ls to como 5,000 oars altor tbo
Nlrv5na ol S5kamunl Buddba.
Majur: A Bodblsattva wbo ls tbo smbo| ol wlsdom and
ls p|acod on tbo Buddba`s |olt wltb Samantabbadra on
tbo rlgbt. Hls bodblmanda|a ls on tbo Flvo-Poakod
mountaln (Wu T`al Sban) ln Cblna.
Mano-vijna: Tbo lacu|t ol mlnd, usua|| ca||od tbo slxtb
consclousnoss.
Mantra: Soo Db5rani.
Manuya: A man.
Mra: A domon.
Maskari Golputra: Ono ol tbo slx borotlcs wbo donlod
tbat tbo prosont |ot was duo to karmlc doods ln lormor |lvos.
Mtag: A |ow-casto woman wbo lnvolg|od nanda.
342
Mgadva park: A door park nortb-oast ol V5r5nasi, a
lavourlto rosort ol tbo Buddba.
Mudr: Manua| gosturos usod ln oga wblcb stands lor dood
(bod) wbl|o tbo ropotltlon ol mantra lor word (moutb)
and modltatlon lor tbougbt lnto||oct). Tbo tbroo aro
nocossar to dlsongago tbo mlnd lrom oxtorna|s ln tbo
practlco ol db5na.
Nga: A dragon.
Naivasajn-sajyatana: Tbo boavon ol dovas wbo
aro noltbor tbougbtlu| nor tbougbt|oss, tbo |ast ol tbo lour
boavons boond lorm.
Nrakagati: Tbo roa|m ol bo||s.
Nirmakya: Translormatlon bod ol a Buddba, tbat ol
powor to translorm blmso|l at wl|| lnto an lorm lor tbo
omnlprosont sa|vatlon ol tboso noodlng blm. lt ls porcop-
tlb|o to mon and dovas.
Nirmarati: A boavon wboro o ls attalnab|o at wl||.
Niad: Soo Upanlsad.
Pacnantarya: Tbo llvo robo||lous acts parrlcldo, matrl-
cldo, kl||lng an arbat, sboddlng tbo b|ood ol a Buddba,
and dostrolng tbo barmon ol tbo Ordor.
Prjika: Tbo ton gravo slns: kl||lng, stoa|lng, carna|lt,
|lng, doa|lng ln splrlts, ta|klng ol a monk`s mlsdoods,
so|l-pralso lor dogradlng otbors, moannoss, angor at
robuko and vl|lllng tbo Buddba, Dbarma and Sangba.
343
Ppyn, ppyas: A vor wlckod domon, tbo Evl| Ono, Dovl|.
Pramit: Crosslng ovor lrom tbls sboro ol blrtbs and
doatbs to tbo otbor sboro, or Nlrv5na.
Pramiti: An lndlan monk lrom Contra| Nortb lndla wbo
camo to Cblna to trans|ato tbo Surangama Sutra.
Paranirmata-vaavartin: Tbo |ast ol tbo slx boavons ol tbo
roa|m ol doslro.
Pariman: Dodlcatlng morlts acqulrod b onoso|l to
lurtbor progross ln Bodbl, or to otbors so tbat tbo
succood ln tbolr practlco ol tbo Dbarma.
Parinirva: Flna| oxtlnctlon ol samsarlc oxlstonco wltb
comp|oto ond ol lts concomltant sullorlng lor ontr lnto
tbo transcondonta| roa|m ol truo pormanonco, b|lss, so|l
and purlt as doscrlbod ln tbo Mab5parlnlrv5na Sutra.
Parttbha: Tbo boavon ol Mlnor Llgbt, tbo llrst ol tbo tbroo
db5na boavons ol tbo socond roglon.
Parttaubha: Tbo boavon ol Mlnor Purlt, tbo llrst ol tbo
tbroo db5na boavons ol tbo tblrd roglon.
Pe: A ploco ol solt l|osb durlng tbo tblrd wook ol lormatlon
ol a lootus.
Pilindavatsa: A dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba wbo attalnod arbat-
sblp b moans ol modltatlon on tbo bod.
Prabhkara: Tbo stago ol l||umlnatlon, tbo tblrd ol tbo ton
blgbost stagos ol Bodblsattva attalnmont.
344
Praj: Wlsdom.
Praja-pramit: Tbo |ast ol tbo slx p5ramlt5s conslstlng ln
tbo porloct arousa| and oxorclso ol lnnor wlsdom lor tbo
purposo ol crosslng ovor lrom tbls sboro ol morta|lt, or
sams5ra to tbo otbor sboro, or Nlrv5na.
Pramudit: Tbo stago ol o, tbo llrst ol tbo ton blgbost
stagos ol Bodblsattva attalnmont.
Prakh: A lootus wltb organs durlng lts llltb wook ol
lormatlon.
Prasenajit: Klngs ol Sr5vasti, contomporar ol tbo Buddba.
Pratyeka-buddha: Ono wbo |lvos apart lrom otbors and
attalns on|lgbtonmont a|ono, or lor blmso|l, ln contrast
wltb tbo a|trulsm ol tbo Bodblsattva prlnclp|o.
Preta: A bungr gbost.
Puyaprasava: Tbo boavon ol lo|lcltous blrtb, tbo llrst ol tbo
lour db5na boavons ol tbo lourtb roglon.
Pramaitryaputra: A dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba wbo
roa|lzod arbatsblp b moans ol modltatlon on tonguo
porcoptlon.
Rhula: Tbo o|dost son ol S5kamunl and Yasodbar5.
Rkasa: A loma|o domon.
Ri: A soor, an lmmorta|.
Rpa: Tbo llrst aggrogato, lorm, mattor, tbo pbslca| lorm
ro|atod to tbo llvo sonso organs.
345
Rpadhtu: Tbo roa|m ol lorm.
Sdhumat: Tbo stago ol llnost wlsdom, tbo nlntb ol tbo ton
blgbost stagos ol Bodblsattva attalnmont.
Sgara-varadhara-buddhi-vikritbhija Buddha: Tbo
Buddba wbo taugbt Candraprabba to wlpo out tbo
concoptlon ol bod ln ordor to roa|lzo Bodbl.
Sah: Our wor|d ol blrtb and doatb.
Sakdgmin: Onco moro to como, or bo roborn, tbo
socond stago ol Hina5na patb lnvo|vlng on| ono roblrtb.
Samdhi: lntorna| stato ol lmporturbabl|lt, oxompt lrom a||
oxtorna| sonsatlon, tbls stato procodos tbo attalnmont ol
Buddbabood.
Samantabhadra: A Bodblsattva, smbo| ol tbo lundamon-
ta| |aw, db5na and tbo practlco ol a|| Buddbas. Ho ls tbo
rlgbt-band asslstant ol tbo Buddba and Mausri ls Hls
|olt-band asslstant. Mount O-Mol ln Szocbuan, Cblna, ls
bls bodblmanda|a, and dovotoos go tboro to soo mrlad
Buddba |amps ln tbo sk at nlgbt:
Sampatti: Ho|dlng tbo mlnd ln oqul|lbrlum or bo|dlng
onoso|l ln oquanlmlt, abstract modltatlon proparator to
tbo llna| attalnmont ol Sam5dbl.
amatha: Rost, poaco, powor to ond passlon, otc., lntor-
protod b tbo T`lon T`al (Tondal) Scboo| as `Cblb` wblcb
stops tbo wandorlng mlnd, sl|oncos or puts to rost tbo
actlvo mlnd, tbo mlnd stoadl| llxod on ono p|aco, or ln
ono posltlon, gottlng rld ol dlstractlon lor mora| onds, lt ls
346
abstractlon and ls comp|omontod b `Kuan` wblcb
obsorvos, contomp|atos, sllts ovldonco.
amatha-Vipayan: lntorprotod as `Cblb` and `Kuan` ln
Cblnoso. Cblb ls sl|onclng tbo actlvo mlnd and Kuan ls
dovo|oplng an lnslgbt lnto tbo stl|| mlnd. Tbo cblol oboct
ls tbo concontratlon ol tbo mlnd b spocla| motbods lor
tbo purposo ol c|oar lnslgbt lnto tbo trutb and to bo rld ol
l||uslon.
Sambhoga-kya: Roward bod ol a Buddba, tbat ol b|lss or
onomont ol tbo lrults ol bls past savlng |abours. lt ls
porcoptlb|o to Bodblsattvas on|.
Sasra: Tbo roa|m ol blrtbs and doatbs
Saskra: Actlon, actlvlt, concoptlon, dlsposltlon.
Samyak-sabodhl: Abbrovlatlon lor Anuttara-samak-
sambodbl: unoxco||od comp|oto on|lgbtonmont, an attrl-
buto ol ovor Buddba. Trans|atod lnto Cblnoso: tbo blgb-
ost, corroct and comp|oto or unlvorsa| know|odgo or
awaronoss, tbo porloct wlsdom ol a Buddba. Omnlsclonco.
Sagha: Tbo Buddblst Ordor, tbo |ast ol tbo Trlp|o Gom.
Saj: Tbo tblrd aggrogato, concoptlon or dlscornlng, tbo
lunctlonlng ol mlnd ln dlscornlng.
riputra: A dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba, notod lor bls wlsdom.
Sauvastika: A rovorso Svastlka wltb lts arms turnod to tbo
|olt, an ausplclous slgn ln tbo contro ol tbo cbost ol tbo
Buddba.
347
la: Procopt, problbltlon, command, dlsclp|lno, ru|o, mora|lt.
lapramit: Tbo socond ol tbo slx p5ramlt5s, conslstlng ln
tbo porloct obsorvanco ol procopts and dlsclp|lno lor tbo
purposo ol crosslng ovor lrom tbls sboro ol morta|lt or
sams5ra to tbo otbor sboro or Nlrv5na.
Sihsana: A |lon tbrono, or coucb, a Buddba soat, wboro
tbo Buddba slts, ovon wbon on tbo baro ground.
Sittaprata: A wblto canop. Wblto stands lor puro, lm-
macu|ato and spot|oss, l.o. tbo Ono Mlnd ln tbo storo ol
consclousnoss wblcb ls boond a|| doll|omonts. Honco
tbo `wblto canop` or puro mlnd tbat ombracos a|| tblngs
and protocts a|| |lvlng bolngs.
Skandhas, The five: Pacaskandba ln Sanskrlt, tbo llvo aggro-
gatos: lorm, loo|lng, ldoatlon, roactlon and consclousnoss.
rvaka: A boaror, dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba wbo undor-
stands tbo Four Nob|o Trutbs, rlds blmso|l ol tbo unroa|lt
ol tbo pbonomona| and ontors tbo lncomp|oto Nlrv5na.
rvast: `Tbo lamous Clt` noar wblcb was Jotavana park,
tbo lavourlto rosort ol tbo Buddba.
rota-panna: Ono wbo bas ontorod tbo stroam ol bo|
|lvlng, tbo llrst stago ol tbo Hina5na patb.
ubhaktsna: Tbo boavon ol unlvorsa| purlt, tbo |ast ol tbo
tbroo db5na boavons ol tbo tblrd roglon.
Subhti: A sonlor dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba wbo roa|lzod
arbatsblp b moans ol modltatlon on tbo lnto||oct.
34S
Sudarana: Tbo boavon ol oxco||ont porcoptlon, tbo tblrd ol
tbo llvo boavons lrom wblcb tboro ls no roturn.
Suda: Tbo boavon ol oxco||ont manllostatlons, tbo lourtb
ol tbo llvo boavons lrom wblcb tboro ls no roturn.
Sudurjay: Tbo stago ol mastor ol utmost dllllcu|tlos, tbo
llltb ol tbo ton blgbost stagos ol Bodblsattva attalnmont.
Sunakatra: Ono ol tbo tbroo sons ol tbo Buddba. Altor
roadlng tbo sutras, bo succoodod ln kooplng lrom
troub|os (k|osa) ln tbo wor|d ol doslro and ln acblovlng tbo
monta| concontratlon ol tbo lourtb db5na boavon wblcb
bo mlstook lor tbo roa| Nlrv5na. Lator, bo lo||owod
botorodox toacbors, backs|ld and dld not bo|lovo ln tbo
doctrlno ol Nlrv5na and tbo |aw ol causa|lt. Ho bocamo
bostl|o to tbo Buddba and was roborn ln tbo wor|d ol
bo||s. Honco bo was ca||od tbo `Unbo|lovlng bblksu`.
Sundarananda: A dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba wbo attalnod
arbatsblp b moans ol modltatlon on smo|| porcoptlon.
nya: Empt, vold, vacant, non-oxlstont.
nyat: Voldnoss, omptlnoss, non-oxlstonco, lmmatorla|-
lt, unroa|lt, tbo l||usor naturo ol a|| oxlstonco, tbo
soomlng wblcb ls unroa|.
Surpa: Tbo wondorlu| lorm or bod, l.o. ol a Buddba`s
sambbogak5a and bls Puro Land. Wbon lorm or rupa ls
succosslu|| |ookod lnto as ldontlca| wltb tbo undor|lng
prlnclp|o lrom wblcb lt sprlngs, lt bocomos surupa or
wondorlu| lorm.
34
Stra: Tbo Buddba`s sormons, ono ol tbo two|vo dlvlslons
ol tbo Mab55na canon.
Suyma heaven: Tbo boavon tbo brlgbtnoss ol wblcb
oc|lpsos tbo |lgbt ol sun and moon, tbo tblrd ol tbo slx
boavons ol tbo roa|m ol doslro.
Tao: Road, wa, patb, doctrlno, trutb, roa|lt, so|l-naturo,
tbo abso|uto.
Tathgata: Ho wbo camo as dld a|| Buddbas, wbo took tbo
abso|uto wa ol causo and olloct, and attalnod to porloct
wlsdom, ono ol tbo blgbost tlt|os ol a Buddba.
Tathgata-garbha: Tatb5gata storo or womb, tbo abso|uto
ln tbo mldst ol do|uslon ol doslros and passlons.
Tirthika: Or Tlrtas, tbo borotlcs ln lndla.
Tiryagoni: Anlma|s.
Tiryagoni-gati: Tbo roa|m ol anlma|s.
Trayastri: Tbo boavons ol tbo tblrt-tbroo dovas, tbo
boavon ol lndra on mount Sumoru, tbo socond ol tbo slx
boavons ol tbo roa|m ol doslro.
Tuita: Tbo lourtb ol tbo slx boavons ol tbo roa|ms ol doslro,
tbo boavon ol contontmont wblcb bas an lnnor court, tbo
Puro Land ol Maltroa wbo wl|| doscond to oartb as tbo
noxt Buddba.
Ucchuma: `Tbo Flro-boad,` an arbat wbo attalnod on|lgbt-
onmont b moans ol modltatlon on tbo o|omont ol llro.
350
Upli: A dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba wbo attalnod arbatsblp b
moans ol modltatlon on tbo porcoptlon ol tbo oboct ol
toucb.
Upananda: A dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba.
Upaniad: A dlsclp|o ol tbo Buddba wbo attalnod arabatsblp
b moans ol modltatlon on lorm. Soo a|so Nlsad.
Uruvilv Kyapa: Ono ol tbo cblol dlsclp|os ol tbo
Buddba, so-ca||od bocauso bo practlsod ascotlclsm ln
tbo Uruvl|v5 lorost.
Vairtputra, Sajaya Vairtputra: An lndlan borotlc wbo
taugbt tbat tboro ls no nood to sook tbo rlgbt patb, as
wbon tbo nocossar aoons bavo passod, morta|lt onds
and Nlrv5na natura|| lo||ows, a toacbor ol natura|lsm.
Vajra: Tbo tbundorbo|t.
Varua: A Buddba wbo contro||od tbo wators and taugbt
Bodblsattvas to modltato on tbo o|omont ol wator ln
ordor to roa|lzo Sam5dbl.
Vedan: Tbo socond aggrogato, rocoptlon, sonsatlon,
loo|lng, tbo lunctlonlng ol mlnd and sonsos ln connoctlon
wltb allalrs and tblngs. A|so tbo sovontb ol tbo two|vo
|lnks ln tbo cbaln ol oxlstonco.
Vihra: A gardon, park, monastor, tomp|o.
Vijna: Tbo llltb aggrogato, monta| lacu|t ln rogard to
porcoptlon and cognltlon, dlscrlmlnatlvo ol allalrs and
35
tblngs. Consclousnoss. A|so tbo tblrd ol tbo two|vo |lnks
ln tbo cbaln ol oxlstonco.
Vijnnantyyatana: Tbo boavon ol bound|oss con-
sclousnoss, tbo socond ol tbo lour boavons boond lorm.
Vimala: Tbo stago ol lroodom lrom a|| doll|omont, tbo
socond ol tbo ton blgbost stagos ol Bodblsattva
attalnmont.
Vra: A domlgod.
Vrya-pramit: Tbo lourtb ol tbo slx p5ramlt5s, conslstlng
ln tbo porloct oxorclso ol zoa| and progross lor tbo
purposo ol crosslng ovor lrom tbls sboro ol morta|lt, or
sams5ra to tbo otbor sboro ol Nlrv5na.
Vivabh: Tbo ,000tb Buddba ol tbo G|orlous Aoon wbo
taugbt Dbaranlmdbara Bodblsattva to modltato on tbo
o|omont ol oartb ln ordor to roa|lzo on|lgbtonmont.
Wu Wei: Or Asamskrta, antblng not suboct to causo,
condltlon or dopondonco, out ol tlmo, otorna|, lnactlvo,
transcondonta|.
Yajadatta: A mad man ol Sr5vasti wbo tbougbt blmso|l
bodovl||od wbon ono mornlng bo lal|od to soo bls boad
wbl|o |ooklng lnto a mlrror.
Yaka: Domons ln tbo oartb, alr or |owor boavons.
Yaodhar: Wllo ol tbo Buddba boloro bls on|lgbtonmont
and motbor ol R5bu|a.
May the virtue accrued from this work
Adorn the Buddhas Pure Land
Repaying four kinds of kindness above
And aiding those suffering in the paths below
May those who see and hear of this
All bring forth the resolve of Bodhi
And when this retribution body is over
Be born together in Ultimate Bliss