Characteristics of E-type Planar Antenna and its Broadbanding

Kenta Sakurai, Hiroyasu Matsui, Toshio Wakabayashi, Member, IEEE

BEPA broadband. The characteristics of EPA are shown in figures. From the results, it is found that EPA is useful for mobile communications.
II. ANTENNA STRUCTURE Figuer. 1 shows a structure of Basic E-type planar antenna (BEPA). The BEPA has three antenna elements and the ground conductor which are printed on dielectric substrate (A X B). Their antenna elements have a length Li (i=13) and a width Wi (i=13). The ground conductor has a width W. The feed point put between a center element 1 and the center of ground conductor. An antenna element length (LI) is 1/4 A of the first resonance frequency. Fig.2 shows a structure of new planar antenna. Since this antenna is a half of BEPA in the structure as shown in Fig.2, the antenna is called as a half BEPA. L2 are printed on the edge of the dielectric substrate. Fig.3 shows a structure of a half asymmetric planar dipole element printed on the dielectric substrate. An asymmetric dipole has L and W in length. Feeding point is between L and W as shown in Fig.3. This asymmetrical dipole antenna is introduced in order to discuss the mechanism of resonance property of half BEPA. Fig.4 shows a structure of EPA. In this case, the element i (i=1) has a length Li and a width Wi (i=2,3). This antenna is proposed in order to make the broadband bandwidth of BEPA.

Abstract A basic E-type planar antenna (BEPA) is proposed for mobile communication. The antenna is analyzed by FDTD method, and the results are described. A half basic EPA is also proposed and analyzed. The resonance mechanism is discussed by using of the model of asymmetrical planar dipole element printed on the dielectric substrate. EPA is proposed and analyzed in order to make the broadband bandwidth. The characteristics of the antenna are shown in figures. Index Terms Wideband, Planar antenna

I. INTRODUCTION W5 ,rIRELESS communication technologies have been developed rapidly, and mobile communications become very popular in the world. By high capacity information transmission, broadband wireless communication is in the spotlight. Consequently, role of antenna is very important for communication technologies and application. There are many demands for planar antennas such as thin size, low cost and ease of installation, etc. For their demands many kinds of planar antennas have been studied. We have analyzed a planar antenna which printed an antenna element and ground conductor plane on dielectric substrate [1] [2]. For mobile communications, it is needed to realize broadband bandwidth and miniaturizing a planar antenna [3] [4]. In this paper, a basic E-type planar antenna (BEPA) which consists of a ground conductor and three antenna elements printed on the same plane of dielectric substrate is proposed, and analyzed by FDTD method. Also new type planar antenna (half EPA) which is composed of a ground conductor and two elements printed on the dielectric substrate is analyzed. The antenna is modified from EPA. Furthermore, introducing a model of asymmetrical dipole antenna printed on the dielectric substrate, the mechanism of resonance property is discussed. The EPA is proposed and analyzed by FDTD method in order to make the bandwidth of

Conductor Antenna element 2 Dielectric Antenna element 1 substrate Feed point \

K.Sakurai, H.Matsui, T.Wakabayashi are with the Department of Communications Engineering, Graduate School of Information Technology and Electronics, Tokai University, 1117 Kita-kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1207 Japan (Tel: +81-463-58-1211, Fax: +81-463-58-8320, E-mail:
P)

Fig. 1 Basic E-type Planar Antenna (BEPA)

0-7803-9433-X/05/$20.00 C2005 IEEE.

APMC2005 Proceedings

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elements 2 and 3. And currents are distributed as the feed point exists in the elements 2 or 3.
Antenna element I
Antenna element 2

-5

.fl

-10

X -15 I -20

Fig.2 New planar antenna (Half BEPA)

-25 L 0.5

1.5

2 2.5 Frequency [GHz]

3.5

Fig.5 Return loss of BEPA

B

Fig.3 A half asymmetrical planar dipole antenna on the dielectric substrate (APDA)

(a) First frequency

(b) Second frequency

Fig.6 Current distribution of BEPA

B

Fig.4 E-type planar antenna (EPA)

CHARACTERISTICS OF BEPA AND HALF BEPA Using FDTD method, we obtained characteristics such as return loss and current distributions. Fig.5 shows return loss of basic E-type planar antenna (BEPA). In Fig.5, Basic E-type planar antenna has two resonance frequencies 1.96 GHz and 2.48 GHz. The first resonance frequency is decided by a length of antenna element 1. The second resonance frequency depends on a part of element 2 and 3. The bandwidth of first frequency at -10 dB has 264 MHz. The bandwidth is 13.3 %. The bandwidth of second frequency at -10 dB has 168 MHz. The bandwidth is 6.7 %. Fig.6 shows current distributions of BEPA. The first resonance point (1.96 GHz) is obtained only by antenna element 1. The current distribution of second resonance point (2.48 GHz) are characterized as shown in Fig.6, that is, the currents do not only distribute on the element 1 but also on
III.

Fig.7 shows the return loss characteristic of a half BEPA. As shown in the Fig.7, this antenna has the same characteristic as shown in Fig.5. Fig.8 shows current distributions of a half BEPA, the current distributions have also same characteristic as shown in Fig.6. Furthermore, this modification can make it half size without changing resonance points.

-5-

_-10X

_-15

-20

-25

-30 0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

Frequency [GHz]

Fig.7 Return loss of a half BEPA

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(a) First frequency

-20
mmow
l

-20

(a) First frequency

(b) Second frequency

Fig.8 Current distributions of a half BEPA

(b) Second frequency

IV. MECHANISM OF RESONANCE PROPERTY Fig.9 shows the return loss of a half asymmetrical planar dipole antenna (APDA). As shown in Fig.9, the half APDA has three resonance frequencies 1.21 GHz, 2.42 GHz and 3.54 GHz. The half wavelength of the first resonance frequency is based on a length of (L+W). The half wavelength of the second one is corresponded to a length of (L+W)/2. Also the third one equals to three times of the first resonance frequency. It is seen that these resonance properties occurs from the current distributions as shown in Fig. 10. The half BEPA has a resonance frequency (2.10 GHz) of L and three resonance frequencies of APDA (1.21, 2.42 and 3.54 GHz). Therefore, it is included the half BEPA has same property as that of APDA and is resonated by same resonance mechanism as APDA.

(c) Third frequency

Fig. 10 Current distributions of APDA

CHARACTERISTICS OF EPA The characteristic of return loss of E-type planar antenna (EPA) is shown in Fig.11. In Fig.11, EPA has two resonance frequencies. The first resonance frequency is decided by length of antenna element 1. The second resonance frequency is corresponded to frequency with a wavelength of L2+W. When the width of W2=5 mm, the frequency bandwidth at -10 dB has 632 MHz. The bandwidth % is 28.6 %. Therefore, this antenna has dual resonance property and the bandwidth at -10

V.

dB became broadband.

0
-5 -5

_-10

-10
_-15
_

/".
-15
I

-20

-20 -25 -25 -30 l 0.5

1

1.5

2 3 2.5 Frequency [GHz]

3.5

4.5 -30
1

1.5

2 2.5 Frequency [GHz]

3.5

Fig.9 Return loss of APDA Fig. 11 Return loss of EPA

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Kenta Sakurai was born in Kanagawa, Japan, on December 21, 1981. He received the B.E. degree in communication engineering from Tokai University, Japan, in 2004. where he is currently pursuing the M.E. degree. His research interest is planar antenna printed on dielectric substrate. Hiroyasu Matsui was born in Kanagawa, Japan, on February 9, 1966. He received the B.E. and M.E. degree from Tokai University, Japan, in 1988 andl 990. He is currently pursuing the D.E. degree. Toshio Wakabayashi (S'68-M'70) was born in Tochigi, Japan, on May 4, 1945. He received the B.E. and M.E. degrees from Tokai University, in 1968 and 1970, respectively. He received the D.E. degree from the same university in 1985. In 1970 he joined Faculty of Engineering, Tokai University, and since then, as a faculty member he has engaged in research in the field of electromagnetic waves, including fields in dielectric and optical waveguides, and microwave hyperthermia. Since 1988 he has been a professor in the Department of Communication Engineering. He was a visiting researcher in the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1991. Dr. Wakabayashi is a member of the IEICE, Japan and the Japanese Cancer Association.

(a) First frequency

(b) Second frequency

Fig. 12 Current distributions of EPA Fig. 12 shows current distributions of W2=5 mm. As shown in the Fig. 12 (a), it is clear that the current at first resonance frequency (2.07 GHz) is mostly distributed in an element. From Fig. 12 (b), the current at the second resonance frequency (2.45 GHz) is distributed on the ground conductor of L2 as a role of an element.
VI. CONCLUSIONS BEPA, half BEPA, APDA, and EPA are proposed and analyzed by the FDTD method. The resonance mechanism of EPA was considered by introducing APDA. The characteristics of the return loss and the current distribution were described. From the result of the current distribution of BEPA, the size of E-type planar antenna (EPA) was able to do about a half without changing the characteristic. These resonance frequencies of BEPA and a half BEPA can be by antenna element LI and asymmetrical planar dipole antenna (APDA). Changing the width of elements the element of basic E-type planar antenna (BEPA), the bandwidth becomes 28.6 % at -10 dB. The E-type planar antenna (EPA) has a wideband characteristic than BEPA. Therefore, E-type planar antenna (EPA) is useful for mobile and satellite communication.
REFERENCES
[1] S.Kobayashi and T.Wakabayashi, "Antenna printed on Dielectric Substrate", IEICE General Conference, B-1-230, Sendai, Japan(2003-3)(in Japanese) [2] Shoichi Kobayashi, Toshio Wakabayashi, "Analysis of Planar Antenna printed on Dielectric Substrate" EMT2003,03-46, Japan(in Japanese) [3] K.Sakurai, H.Matsui, T.Wakabayashi" E-Type Planar Antenna Printed on Dielectric Substrate" ISCIT2004, pp.726-729 (Oct.2004). [4] K.Sakurai,, H.Matsui, T.Wakabayashi, "A Study on Broadbanding of EType Planar Antenna ", IEICE General Conference, B-1-201, Osaka, Japan(2004-3)(in Japanese)

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