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Pavement Marking Manual
Transport Services Division
Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure (DTEI) Pavement Marking Manual First Published : September 2004 Version 3.0 : Issued for comment September 2010
This manual was developed by Traffic Regulation and Standards, Traffic and Access Standards Section, Road and Traffic Management Directorate, Transport Services Division.
It has been approved and authorised for use by DTEI staff and its authorised agents and other Road Authorities as defined by the Road Traffic Act, by :
Paul Gelston Director, Road and Traffic Management
Stephen Pascale Manager, Traffic and Access Standards
Steve Clark Unit Manager, Traffic Regulation & Standards
Extracts may be reproduced providing the subject is kept in context and the source is acknowledged. Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information. This document is subject to continual revision and may change. All printed copies are uncontrolled unless otherwise marked. For information regarding the interpretation of this document please contact: Traffic and Access Standards Section, DTEI Telephone: (08) 8343 2289 Facsimile: (08) 8343 2630
Revisions
Revision to this document will be made from time to time. Revisions will only be published on the DTEI Home page (http://www.dtei.sa.gov.au/standards/tass). It will be the responsibility of the users of this document to ensure that the most current revision is followed.
Version
Month/Year
Sept 2004
Part/Section
Description of Revision
Removal of "Draft" status Minor changes in section A, Major alterations in section B Minor changes in section B, Section C added
Approved By
S.C S.C S.C S.C
1.0 2.0 3.0
Sept 2005 March 2007 Dec 2010 All
Issued for comment, changes and additions to Section B and C
INTRODUCTION
This manual specifies the lines, patterns, symbols, letters and numerals, pavement bars and markers used in or on roads, road related areas and other places including kerbs, for the purpose of regulating, guiding and warning road users, and provides guidelines for appropriate use.
A B C
TYPES OF MARKINGS
This Section describes the types of markings including paint substitutes, pavement bars, raised pavement markers and coloured and/or textured surfaces. It details the actual dimensions and other specification attributes of markings which need not be shown on traffic control and road design drawings.
DESIGN GUIDE
This section describes the requirements for the correct and consistent use of pavement markings in South Australia. It is intended that the section provide specific diagrammatic examples of the application of markings and where necessary explain to the designer the reasons why certain treatments are used. It also provides references to the Code of Technical Requirements for the Legal Use of Traffic Control Device (The Code), Australian Standards, Austroads and Department for Transport Energy and Infrastucture (DTEI) Operational Instructions. All road authorities including their consultants and contractors are required to conform to this manual.
Table of Contents
PART A - INTRODUCTION 1.0 Scope ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.0 Legal Requirements ____________________________________________________________ 3.0 General Attributes ______________________________________________________________ 3.1 Purpose __________________________________________________________________ 3.2 Removal of Markings ________________________________________________________ 3.3 Limitations ________________________________________________________________ 3.4 Reflectorisation ____________________________________________________________ 3.5 Anti-Skid Treatments ________________________________________________________ 3.6 Materials __________________________________________________________________ 3.7 Colours ____________________________________________________________________ 3.8 Distinctive Pavement Colours ________________________________________________ 3.9 Off Street Parking Areas ____________________________________________________ PART B - TYPES OF MARKINGS
Page
A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-2 A-2 A-2 A-2 A-2 A-2 A-2
1.a Scope ________________________________________________________________________ B-1 1.b Installation Specifications ________________________________________________________ 2.0 Types of Markings ______________________________________________________________ 2.1 Longitudinal Lines __________________________________________________________ 2.1.1 Dividing Lines __________________________________________________________ 2.1.2 Barrier dividing Lines ____________________________________________________ 2.1.3 Lane Lines ____________________________________________________________ 2.1.4 Special Purpose Broken Lines ____________________________________________ 2.1.5 Edgelines ____________________________________________________________ 2.1.6 Continuity Lines ________________________________________________________ 2.1.7 Turn Lines ____________________________________________________________ 2.1.8 Outlines ______________________________________________________________ 2.2 Transverse Lines ____________________________________________________________ 2.2.1 Stop Lines ____________________________________________________________ 2.2.2 Give Way Lines ________________________________________________________ 2.2.3 Pedestrian Crosswalk Lines ______________________________________________ 2.2.4 Pedestrian Holding Lines (Station Platforms Only) ____________________________ 2.2.5 Pedestrian Kerb Ramp Access (Off Street) __________________________________ 2.3 Parking Control Lines ________________________________________________________ 2.3.1 Parking Control Edgelines ________________________________________________ 2.3.2 Parking Space Outline __________________________________________________ 2.3.3 Shared Space or Area Markings __________________________________________ 2.4 Diagonal Stripes and Chevron Marking ________________________________________ 2.4.1 Diagonal Stripes Edge Treatments__________________________________________ 2.4.2 Diagonal Stripes Dividing Treatments ______________________________________ 2.4.3 Chevron Marking ______________________________________________________ 2.5 Arrows ____________________________________________________________________ 2.5.1 Arrows - Common Type __________________________________________________ 2.5.2 Arrows - Special Type____________________________________________________ 2.5.3 Arrows - Lane Change __________________________________________________ 2.5.4 Arrows - Expressway Exit ________________________________________________ 2.6 Messages and Symbols ______________________________________________________ 2.6.1 Letters and Numbers ____________________________________________________
B-1 B-2 B-2 B-2 B-2 B-2 B-2 B-3 B-3 B-3 B-3 B-3 B-3 B-4 B-4 B-4 B-4 B-5 B-5 B-5 B-5 B-6 B-6 B-6 B-6 B-7 B-7 B-8 B-9 B-9 B-10 B-10
2.6.2 Words ________________________________________________________________ 2.6.3 Bicycle and Pedestrian Pavement Symbols __________________________________ 2.6.4 International Symbol of Access ____________________________________________ 2.6.4a Accessible Boarding Indicator Patch (station platforms only) ______________ 2.6.4b Identification of Dedicated Parking Space for People With Disabilities ______ 2.6.4.1 Station Platforms ________________________________________________ 2.6.4.2 Dedicated Parking Space Identification & Delineation (angle Parking) ______ 2.7 Railway Level Crossing Pavement Message ____________________________________ 2.8 Railway Level Crossings Yellow Box Markings __________________________________ 2.9 Zig Zag School Zone Markings ________________________________________________ 2.10 Point to Point Safety Camera Markings ________________________________________ 2.11 Road Hump Markings ______________________________________________________ 2.11.1 On Street ____________________________________________________________ 2.11.2 Off Street (Watts Profile Only) ____________________________________________ 2.12 Pavement Bars ____________________________________________________________ 2.13 Raised Pavement Markers __________________________________________________ 2.13.1 Dividing and Barrier Lines (Separates Opposing Traffic Flows Only) ______________ 2.13.2 Lane Lines __________________________________________________________ 2.13.3 Edgelines ____________________________________________________________ 2.13.4 Corner Islands ________________________________________________________ 2.13.5 Freeway/Expressway Ramps ____________________________________________ 2.13.6 Urban Arterial Road ____________________________________________________ 2.13.7 Rural Multi-lane Road __________________________________________________ 2.13.8 Rural Two-lane Two-way Road- __________________________________________ 2.13.9 Rural Intersections ____________________________________________________ 2.13.10 Overtaking Lane - Merge Area Deliniation Treatment- ________________________ 2.14 Audio Tactile Line Markings (ATLM) __________________________________________ 2.15 Distinctive Coloured Pavement Areas ________________________________________ 2.16 Kerb Painting ______________________________________________________________ 2.16.1 Medians ____________________________________________________________ 2.16.2 Roundabouts ________________________________________________________ 2.16.3 Other Raised Islands __________________________________________________ 2.17 Barrier Line Installation ____________________________________________________ 2.17.1 Intersections __________________________________________________________ 2.17.2 Property Accesses ____________________________________________________ 2.18 Longitudinal Line Style Transition ____________________________________________ 2.18.1 Dividing Lines ________________________________________________________ 2.18.2 Barrier Lines __________________________________________________________ 2.18.3 Unbroken Edgelines or Outlines __________________________________________ 2.18.4 Edgeline Mis-match ____________________________________________________ 3.0 Traffic Control Drawings and Design Layouts ________________________________________ 3.1 Longitudinal Lines __________________________________________________________ 3.2 Transverse Lines ____________________________________________________________ 3.3 Parking Control Lines ________________________________________________________ 3.3.1 Parking Control Edgelines ________________________________________________ 3.3.2 Parking Space Outlines __________________________________________________ 3.4 Diagonal Stripes and Chevron Markings ________________________________________ 3.5 Arrows ____________________________________________________________________ 3.6 Messages and Symbols ______________________________________________________ PART C - DESIGN GUIDE
B-10 B-14 B-17 B-17 B-17 B-18 B-19 B-20 B-21 B-22 B-22 B-22 B-22 B-22 B-23 B-24 B-24 B-26 B-26 B-27 B-28 B-30 B-31 B-32 B-33 B-35 B-36 B-36 B-37 B-37 B-38 B-38 B-39 B-39 B-39 B-39 B-39 B-40 B-40 B-41 B-42 B-42 B-42 B-42 B-42 B-42 B-42 B-42 B-42
1.0 Scope ________________________________________________________________________ C-1

2.0 General Treatments ______________________________________________________________ 2.1 Dividing Lines ______________________________________________________________ 2.2 Barrier Lines ______________________________________________________________ 2.3 Diagonal Stripes and Chevron Markings ________________________________________ 2.3.1 Corner Treatment ______________________________________________________ 2.3.2 Flush Medians ________________________________________________________ 2.3.3 Corner Islands ________________________________________________________ 2.3.4 High Angle Treatment____________________________________________________ 2.4 Diverge and Merge Taper Treatments __________________________________________ 2.4.1 Diverge Taper Treatments ________________________________________________ 2.4.2 Merge Taper Treatments (lane drop and acceleration lane situations) ______________ 2.5 Raised Pavement Markers ____________________________________________________ 2.5.1 Continuity Lines ________________________________________________________ 2.5.2 Bicycle Lanes __________________________________________________________ 2.6 Lane Line __________________________________________________________________ 2.6.1 Roundabouts __________________________________________________________ 2.6.2 Indented Bus Stops (partial or full)__________________________________________ 2.6.3 Bicycle Lane Start and End ______________________________________________ 2.7 Continuity Line ____________________________________________________________ 2.7.1 Left and Right Turn Storage ______________________________________________ 2.7.2 Left and Right Turn Acceleration Lanes ______________________________________ 2.7.3 Bicycle Lane Continuity Lines ____________________________________________ 2.8 Outlines and Painted Kerbs __________________________________________________ 2.9 Edgelines __________________________________________________________________ 2.10 Parking Control Lines ______________________________________________________ 2.11 Pavement Messages ________________________________________________________ 2.11.1 Keep Clear __________________________________________________________ 2.11.2 Speed Limits __________________________________________________________ 2.11.3 Other Messages ______________________________________________________ 2.12 Kerb Extensions Markings __________________________________________________ 2.13 Standard Intersections (local roads) __________________________________________ 2.14 Give Way and Stop Line Markings ____________________________________________ 2.15 Changed Priority __________________________________________________________ 2.16 Roundabouts ______________________________________________________________ 2.16.1 Single Lane Roundabout ________________________________________________ 2.16.2 Multi-lane T-intersection Roundabout ______________________________________ 2.16.3 Bicycle Lane Approach to Single Lane Roundabout __________________________ 2.17 Signalised Intersections ______________________________________________________ 2.17.1 Pedestrian Crosswalk Lines______________________________________________ 2.17.2 Stop Lines __________________________________________________________ 2.17.3 Turn Lines____________________________________________________________ 2.17.4 Pavement Arrows ______________________________________________________ 2.17.4.1 Multiple Turn Lanes ____________________________________________ 2.17.5 Lane Lines __________________________________________________________ 2.17.6 Non-reflective Raised Pavement Markers __________________________________ 2.18 Expressways ______________________________________________________________ 2.18.1 Expressway Exit Lane Arrows ____________________________________________ 2.19 Path Treatments____________________________________________________________ 2.19.1 Destination Group Layout ______________________________________________ 2.19.2 Connector Group Layout ________________________________________________ 2.19.3 Shared Use Path T Intersection Layout ____________________________________ 2.19.4 Shared Use Path Intersection Layout ______________________________________
C-2 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-6 C-6 C-7 C-8 C-9 C-9 C-10 C-10 C-11 C-11 C-12 C-13 C-16 C-17 C-18 C-18 C-18 C-19 C-20 C-22 C-22 C-22 C-23 C-24 C-24 C-24 C-26 C-27 C-28 C-29 C-29 C-30 C-30 C-31 C-32 C-33 C-34 C-35 C-36 C-39 C-40 C-41 C-41 C-42 C-42 C-42 C-43 C-44
2.19.5 Shared Use Path T Intersection Offset Layout ______________________________ 2.20 Pedestrian Treatments ______________________________________________________ 2.20.1 Pedestrian Refuge ____________________________________________________ 2.20.2 Emu Crossing ________________________________________________________ 2.20.3 Koala Crossing ________________________________________________________ 2.20.4 Wombat Crossing______________________________________________________ 2.20.5 Pedestrian Actuated Crossing ____________________________________________ 2.21 School Zones______________________________________________________________ 2.21.1 Zigzag Marking Position ________________________________________________ 2.21.2 Basic School Zone ____________________________________________________ 2.21.3 Curved Alignment ______________________________________________________ 2.21.4 At Intersections and Emu Crossing ________________________________________ 2.21.5 Undivided Multi-lane Road ______________________________________________ 2.21.6 Divided Multi-lane Road ________________________________________________ 2.22 Bus Facilities ______________________________________________________________ 2.22.1 Placing of Lane Messages ______________________________________________ 2.22.2 Full-time/Part-time Bus Lane Treatment ____________________________________ 2.22.3 Bus Lanes Approaching Signalised Intersections ____________________________ 2.22.4 Parking Bays in Bus Lanes ______________________________________________ 2.22.5 Bus Only ____________________________________________________________ 2.23 Distinctive Coloured Bicycle Lanes __________________________________________ 2.23.1 Left Turn Deceleration Lane (High Potential Conflict) __________________________ 2.23.2 Left Turn Deceleration Lane (Potential Confict) ______________________________ 2.23.3 Left Turn Acceleration Lane ______________________________________________ 2.23.4 High Angle Left Turn Lane ______________________________________________ 2.23.5 Minor Side Road Junction ______________________________________________ 2.24 Floodways and Causeways __________________________________________________ 3.0 Rural Treatments ________________________________________________________________ 3.1 Divided Roads ______________________________________________________________ 3.2 Multi-Lane Undivided Roads __________________________________________________ 3.3 Dividing Lines on Rural Roads ________________________________________________ 3.4 Barrier Lines on Rural Roads ________________________________________________ 3.5 Lane Lines on Rural Roads __________________________________________________ 3.6 Edgelines on Rural Roads ____________________________________________________ 3.6.1 Narrow Rural Two-lane Two-way Road ______________________________________ 3.6.2 Standard Rural Two-lane Two-way Road ____________________________________ 3.6.3 Wide Sealed Shoulder Rural Two-lane Two-way Road __________________________ 3.6.4 Multi-lane Divided Road __________________________________________________ 3.7 Standard Rural Intersections __________________________________________________ 3.8 Overtaking Lane Treatments __________________________________________________ 3.8.1 Overtaking Lane - Diverge ______________________________________________ 3.8.2 Lane Change Arrow Placements __________________________________________ 3.9 Turnouts __________________________________________________________________ 3.10 Rest Areas ________________________________________________________________ 3.10.1 Roads With Edgelines __________________________________________________ 3.10.2 Roads Without Edgelines________________________________________________ 3.10.3 Full Acceleration / Deceleration Lane ______________________________________ 3.10.4 Sealed Shoulders Only ________________________________________________ 3.11 Structures and Obstructions ________________________________________________
C-45 C-46 C-46 C-47 C-48 C-49 C-50 C-51 C-51 C-52 C-52 C-53 C-53 C-54 C-54 C-55 C-57 C-58 C-59 C-59 C-61 C-61 C-62 C-63 C-64 C-64 C-65 C-66 C-66 C-66 C-66 C-66 C-67 C-67 C-68 C-69 C-70 C-71 C-72 C-73 C-73 C-74 C-75 C-76 C-76 C-77 C-78 C-79 C-80
Introduction
PART A
Introduction
1.0 Scope
This manual specifies the lines, patterns, symbols, letters and numerals, pavement bars and markers used in or on roads, road related areas and other places including kerbs, for the purpose of regulating, guiding and warning road users, and provides guidelines for appropriate use.
2.0 Legal Requirements

An "Instrument of General Approval" has been issued by the Minister for Transport to Councils and the Commissioner of Highways (and some other authorities) to use traffic control devices which includes pavement markings. The conditions of this general approval, which are required by law under the Road Traffic Act are contained in Part 2 - Code of Technical Requirements for the Legal Use of Traffic Control Devices (The Code) which forms part of The Legal and technical responsibilities for Traffic Control Devices. One of the conditions of general approval is the requirement that the design, installation, alteration and removal of pavement markings be in accordance with the Code. This manual has been developed to conform with the Code and takes into consideration the relevant Australian Road Rules, Australian Standards, Austroads guidelines and Department for Transport Energy and Infrastructure Operational Instructions. Pavement markings not conforming to this Manual and the Code, such as innovative or nonstandard treatments are not authorised to be used under the Instrument of General Approval issued by the Minister. Authorisation for such treatments may only be given by the Manager, Traffic and Access Standards Section, Department for Transport Energy and Infrastructure (DTEI), acting as the Ministers delegate.
3.0 General Attributes

3.1 Purpose A system of clear, effective and consistently applied pavement markings is essential for the proper regulations, warning and guidance of drivers, cyclists, pedestrians and other road users. Pavement Markings may guide traffic or give advance warning or may impose restrictions which are supported by the Road Traffic Act. They may act as a supplement to other traffic control devices or may be used alone to convey certain regulations, warnings and guidance. It is therefore important to ensure that the use of the markings conforms with the legal requirement mentioned above before they are approved, installed, altered or removed to avoid possible conflict or confusion, legal or otherwise. 3.2 Removal of Markings Where traffic conditions are altered and the existing pavement markings no longer apply it is essential that those markings be removed or obliterated. It is important that the end result of removing markings does not leave an impression of the marking on the road surface which may otherwise be interpreted as a marking in certain light and/or weather conditions. In rare cases, redundant pavement markings may be allowed to fade but only when these markings cannot be misinterpreted or otherwise create a confusing message to the road user which may create a safety hazard.
A-1
Introduction
3.3 Limitations Pavement markings have the following limitations: (a) They may not be clearly visible if the road is wet or dusty, for example near an edge of a median. (b) They are subject to traffic wear and usually require frequent maintenance. (c) They can be obscured by traffic. (d) Their effect on skid resistance requires careful choice of materials and precludes the use of large marked surface areas. (e) They cannot be applied to unsealed roads. In spite of these limitations they have the advantage under favourable conditions of conveying information to the driver without diverting attention from the road. 3.4 Reflectorisation All longitudinal lines except zig zag markings shall be reflectorised. 3.5 Anti-Skid Treatment An anti-skid treatment shall be applied to all markings other than longitudinal lines. 3.6 Materials Road pavements may be marked with paint, thermoplastics, pre-cut sheeting, raised pavement markers (retro-reflective, non reflective or illuminated) or pavement bars. 3.7 Colours For all traffic control purposes pavement markings shall be white, yellow or blue. Yellow shall be used on pavement bars and to define tram only lanes and areas where parking/stopping restrictions apply. Blue is used for disability access. Raised pavement markers may be white, red or yellow. Black paint may be used in the gaps and around the edges of pavement markings to heighten contrast where a light coloured pavement does not allow adequate marking definition to be obtained. Where this is being considered advice should first be sought from Manager, Traffic and Access Standards Section, DTEI. In situations such as community events on closed roads light blue coloured pavement markings (known as honour lines) may be used to define pedestrian boundaries. These markings are not considered traffic control devices but should be removed after the event, to ensure road users are not confused by the markings. 3.8 Distinctive Pavement Colours There is a trend by road authorities to use distinctive coloured pavements to highlight the road surface in a visual, tactile or audible manner. Such treatments may supplement traffic control devices (e.g. bus lanes, bicycle lanes and islands) or they may be aesthetic devices to supplement streetscape designs (e.g. intersection threshold paving treatments). For commonly used distinctive coloured pavement areas used in South Australia, refer to Part 2.15. 3.9 Off Street Parking Areas AS 2890.1 and AS 2890.6 are used in South Australia for off street car parking pavement markings.
A-2
Types of Markings
PART B
Types of Markings
1.a Scope
This Section describes the types of marking used including paint substitutes, pavement bars, raised pavement markers and coloured areas. It details the actual dimensions and other specification attributes of markings which need not be shown on traffic control and road design drawings.
IMPORTANT :
All drawings are not to scale. The reader shall use the dimensions specified throughout the manual. Do not scale off drawings.
1.b Installation Specifications

DTEI shall and all other road authorities should require pavement marking to be installed in accordance with DTEI Master Specification for Road Works parts: 245 Supply of Materials for Pavement Markings 246 Application of Pavement Marking 247 Application of Audio Tactile Line Marking
B-1
Types of Markings
2.0 TYPES OF MARKINGS

2.1 LONGITUDINAL LINES 2.1.1 Dividing lines (separates opposing traffic flows only)

Line width Colour (mm) width Colour (mm)

3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
(a) Single broken (standard)
100
9m
3m
9m
(b) Enhanced broken (multi-lane)
2.1.2 Barrier dividing lines (separates opposing traffic flows only)

t
(a) Single continuous barrier
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
(c) Double one-way barrier
Where the road speed limit is <70 km/h and : - Double two-way barrier lines are justified then a single continuous barrier line shall be used, including approaches to railway crossings and ferries. No gaps should be left for driveways or other accesses, only side roads. Where the road speed limit is >80 km/h and : - Double two-way barrier lines are justified, then double two-way barrier lines shall be used. Gaps should be left in linemarking for driveways, or other accesses and side roads. - Double one-way barrier lines are justified, then double one-way barrier lines shall continue across driveways and other access but gaps shall be left for side roads. - Double two-way barrier lines are justified on the approaches to railway crossings and ferries, an enhanced single barrier line shall be used. Gaps should not be left for driveways or other accesses, only side roads.
2.1.3 Lane lines

t t t t t t t
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
9m
3m
(a) Standard broken
2.1.4 Special purpose broken lines

t t t
9m
3m
9m
B-2
(b) Continuous
(e) Continuous (bicycle and shared paths off road)
(d) Double two-way barrier
(b) Enhanced single continuous barrier
t t t t t
t t
200
100
200
100 100 100
100 100 100
80
t t
100
100
100
Types of Markings
2.1.5 Edgelines
(a) Standard broken - two-lane two-way roads or multi-lane roads with a sealed shoulder < 0.5m
23m 1m 23m
Line width Colour (mm)
** Note: The application of Standard Continuous and Enhanced edgelines should be consistent over the entire length of the road. There must not be short lengths of change in edgeline style less than 1km. Should there be just a few kilometres of sealed shoulder >0.5 metres in the middle of a route (between townships) with a sealed shoulder width <0.5 metres, the standard continuous edgeline must be applied to the length with the sealed shoulder >0.5 metres with a transition to the existing standard broken edgeline as shown in Part B 2.18.4.
2.1.6 Continuity lines

t t t t t t t
1m
3m
1m
3m
1m
3m
1m
(a) Standard
(b) Enhanced (used in conjunction with 150mm edgelines)
1m
3m
1m
3m
1m
3m
1m
2.1.7 Turn lines

600mm stripe and gap

2.1.8 Outlines
(a) Standard
t
2.2 TRANSVERSE LINES 2.2.1 Stop lines

(a) Standard (<70 km/h)
t
(b) Enhanced (>80 km/h)

t
(b) Enhanced (roads where 150mm edge lines are used, see Part B 2.1.5 (c)
(c) ** Enhanced continuous - Southern Expressway - Dukes Highway - Sturt Highway - Pt Augusta - Pt Wakefield Rd All dual carriageway roads with sealed shoulders > 0.5mk esd Road Pries Highway - Toll Gate to Dukes Highway Intersection Southern Exressway Sturt Highway Other roads as determine
(b) ** Standard continuous - All roads with sealed shoulders > 0.5m unless Part B 2.1.5 (c) (below), applies.
t
t t
t t t t
100
100
150
100
150
100
100
150
450
600
B-3
Types of Markings
2.2.2 Give way lines


(a) Standard (<70 km/h)
450

(b) Enhanced (>80 km/h)
600
2.2.3 Pedestrian crosswalk lines

600mm stripe and 300mm gap
kerb
(b) Wombat and Zebra crossings
*Equal, 600mm or less
2.2.4 Pedestrian holding lines (station platforms only)

Refer to Part B 2.6.4.1 for layout of platform markings.
(a) Platform edge hazard line
2.2.5 Pedestrian kerb ramp access (off street)

Access to kerb ramps between parking spaces may be marked with diagonal stripes to discourage drivers from impeding access to the ramp. Where marked they shall be white. NOTE : For new works and large car parks, consideration should be given to raised kerb extensions and/or formal pedestrian crossings eg wombat crossings.
path / walkway
Detail A
150mm
450mm
See Detail A
100mm
45%
1.8m (preferred)
100mm
parking aisle
B-4
(b) Platform wait behind line
(a) Standard (pedestrian actuated crossings, intersection traffic signals, koala and emu crossings)
150
kerb

3m min 6m max W
100
100
Types of Markings
2.3 PARKING CONTROL LINES
2.3.1 Parking control edgelines

(a) *No Stopping or Clearway at all times
100
3m
3m
3m
3m
3m
3m
3m
2.3.2 Parking space outline

(a) All vehicles/*no restrictions (individual bays may be marked)
(b) *Restricted vehicle type and/or parttime restriction (individual bays may be marked).
* Restricted Parking: Parking restriction by time and/or by vehicle type
** Dedicated parking spaces for people with disabilities shall be outlined on all sides excepting any side delineated by a kerb, barrier or wall.
2.3.3 Shared space or area markings

Within off street car parking areas, shared areas or spaces located adjacent to the longitudinal side only of dedicated angle parking spaces for people with disabilities shall have a yellow outline and yellow diagonal stripes with a slip resistant surface. Yellow diagonal stripes shall not be used in trafficked areas including walkways within or partly within a shared area, parking aisles or roadways.
NOTE: walkways within or partly within a shared area or space shall be marked with yellow 100mm wide unbroken longitudinal lines on both sides of the walkway excepting any side delineated by a kerb, barrier or wall (see Part B 2.6.4.2).
150mm
450mm
dedicated space
100mm
45%
100mm
(3) **Parking for people with disabilities
(c) Clearway, part time
(b) *Restricted parking other than Clearway
100
100
100
100
100
B-5
Types of Markings
2.4 DIAGONAL STRIPES AND CHEVRON MARKINGS 2.4.1 Diagonal stripes edge treatment
Direction of travel
X
**100mm 100mm
Outline/Edgeline
2.4.2 Diagonal stripes dividing treatment
Direction of travel
**100mm 100mm
Outline/Edgeline
45
100mm
1.
Direction of travel
0m
2.4.3 Chevron markings
Direction of travel
**100mm 100mm
Outline/Edgeline
45
45
100mm
1.
Direction of travel
0m
* 1st diagonal marking or chevron is placed where the width of the treatment is 1.0m. ** In rare cases wider outlines/edgelines may be specified on traffic control drawings.
X - Spacing may be modified to suit corner islands, flush medians and merges. For design details see Part C 2.3 and 2.12. B-6 Pavement Marking Manual
*1.0m
*1.0m
1.
0m
Edge of water table or
seal
100mm
*1.0m
45
Types of Markings
2.5 ARROWS 2.5.1 Arrows - common types
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
X= 100
B-7
Types of Markings
2.5.2 Arrows - special types
(a) Double turn arrow
Centre of lane
(b) U- turn arrow
Centre of lane
(c) 45% turn arrow
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
(d) Through right left turn arrow
Centre of lane
X= 100
B-8
Types of Markings
2.5.3 Arrows - lane change
780 1500
1000
B
600
NOTE: Lane change arrows shall not be used in SA without the approval of Manager, Traffic and Access Standards Section, DTEI, other than at the termination of overtaking lanes and at the end of high speed multi-lane roads.
1400
780 580 880 550 60 860 7500 1310
780 780
1880
edge of lane
edge of lane
centre line of lane
2.5.4 Arrows - expressway exit
900 875
650
15 15 2m 3.1m
0
2m
2m
200 4m 4m 4m 2.7m
2m 630 200
725 edge of lane edge of lane edge of lane edge of lane centre line of lane centre line of lane
B-9
Types of Markings
2.6 MESSAGES AND SYMBOLS
2.6.1 Letters and Numbers Letters and numbers other than those shown in words (2.6.2) are available from Australian Standard 1742.2. 2.6.2 Words
NOTES: The grid width (X) is constant at 100 mm, but the grid height (Y) may vary as follows: Y = Height of letter or numeral required (mm) 40 However the word AHEAD may be made narrower (eg grid width reduced to 75mm) to fit into a lane.
B-10
Types of Markings
2.6.2 Words (cont)
NOTES: The grid width (X) is constant at 100 mm, but the grid height (Y) may vary as follows: Y = Height of letter or numeral required (mm) 40 Refer to Part C 2.11.1 for the placement of KEEP CLEAR messages.
B-11
Types of Markings
2.6.2 Words (cont)
NOTES: The grid width (X) is constant at 100 mm, but the grid height (Y) may vary as follows: Y = Height of letter or numeral required (mm) 40
B-12
Types of Markings
2.6.2 Words (cont)
NOTES: The grid width (X) is constant at 100 mm, but the grid height (Y) may vary as follows: Y = Height of letter or numeral required (mm) 40
B-13
Types of Markings
2.6.3 Bicycle and pedestrian pavement symbols
Pedestrian pavement symbol (path only) X=75mm
Bicycle pavement symbol Road X=65mm Path X=28mm Road Y=1800mm Path Y=800mm
Arrow pavement symbol (path only) X=100mm
B-14
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
Types of Markings
2.6.3 Bicycle and pedestrian pavement symbols (cont)
1220mm
300mm X X
No-Bicycles Pavement symbol for path use X=30mm
B-15
Types of Markings
2.6.3 Bicycle and pedestrian pavement symbols (cont)
No-Skaters symbol for path use X=24mm
B-16
Types of Markings
2.6.4 International symbol of access
NOTE: The grid is for positional purposes
2.6.4.a Accessible boarding indicator patch (station platforms only)

1000mm
Symbol shall be centrally located within the blue background
1000mm
786mm
The colour used for the blue background shall be Ultramarine (AS2700-B21)
160mm
2.6.4.b Identification of dedicated parking space for people with disabilities

1200mm max
Symbol shall be centrally located within the blue background
1200mm max
800 - 1000mm
The colour used for the blue background shall be Ultramarine (AS2700-B21)
B-17
Types of Markings
2.6.4.1 Station platforms
Direction of train travel
100mm yellow line
Tactile ground surface indicators
100mm white line
Accessible Boarding Indicator Patch
PLATFORM AREA
Note : For design requirements specific to station platforms, contact DTEI Passenger Transport Services.
B-18
600mm
600mm
600mm 600mm
100mm yellow line
100mm white line
Accessible Boarding Indicator Patch
PLATFORM AREA
Direction of train travel
Types of Markings
2.6.4.2 Dedicated parking space identification & delineation (angle parking) Each dedicated parking space for people with disabilities shall be identified by a white symbol of access on a blue background in the centre of the space between 500mm and 600mm from its entry point.
dedicated space kerb, barrier or wall
other parking spaces
Either : - end of parking module - dedicated space - other parking spaces
primary access path
500 to 600mm

2.4m minimum when adjacent to a dedicated parking space for people with disabilities.
2.4m
Parking aisle
Note : The primary access path or the shared space can be located on the left or right side of the dedicated space.
dedicated space kerb, barrier or wall
other parking spaces
Either : - end of parking module - dedicated space - other parking spaces
shared space
bollard
500 to 600mm
800mm _ 50 +
2.4m
2.4m
Parking aisle
B-19
Types of Markings
2.7 RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING PAVEMENT MESSAGE
Urban < 70km/h

( Message shall commence with the 'X' )
Rural > 80km/h

( Message shall commence with the 'RAIL' )
2.5m
6m
2.5m
7.5m
3m
5m
The grid width (X) is constant at 100mm, but the grid height (Y) may vary as follows: Y = Height of letter (mm) 40
Note : 1. Marking to commence 15m to 20m beyond the first warning sign, towards the railway level crossing. 2. When a new message scheme is required, the above example shall be used. When repainting original message, existing markings can be used.
B-20
Types of Markings
2.8 RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSINGS YELLOW BOX MARKINGS
Parallel to track 5.0m minimum

2. 0m
RAILW
2.
0m
45%
45%
AY
150mm yellow lines
TRACK
150mm yellow lines
150mm
0.5m gap
NOTE: When a new scheme is required, the above example shall be used. When repainting original box markings, existing lines can be used. Refer to AS1742.7 for the warrants for box markings.
B-21
Types of Markings
2.9 ZIGZAG SCHOOL ZONE MARKINGS

150mm 1.1m
6.0m 30.0m
NOTE: ZIGZAG marking commences 30m in advance of School Zone Sign.
2.10 POINT TO POINT SAFETY CAMERA MARKINGS

Dividing line
Direction of travel
400mm 100mm
400mm
400mm 100mm
Edgeline or lane line

Direction of travel Direction of travel
2.11 ROAD HUMP MARKINGS 2.11.1 On street

200mm Detail A (measurements are in mm) 500 500 200 200mm 1000mm Kerb face 500 1000 200 200 200 200mm 1000mm 200mm Nominal start of ramp "Inverted Piano Key" marking 400mm See Detail A Nominal start of ramp 400mm
Kerb face
2.11.2 Off street (Watts profile only)

Detail B Edge of road hump (measurements are in mm) 500 500 Edge of road See Detail B
road hump
Edge of road hump
200
1200
300 200 200 200
500 The transverse part of the pavement marking is placed on the original road in front of the road hump.
B-22
Types of Markings
2.12 PAVEMENT BARS

Single row
Outline or edgeline 75mm 90% 75mm min 75mm 90%
Double row, triple row etc
Outline or edgeline
Pavement bars for lane control
750mm
75mm
6m
3m
3m
1.5m
Note : First two bars at 1.5m spacing, then at 3m spacing up to 45m and 6m spacing over 45m
Control of turning movements at intersections
10m taper
9m
75mm gap
1.5m 400mm 750mm
100mm
3m
1.5m
750mm
Note : The 9m length using 4 bars at 3m spacing may be extended to 18m using 7 bars at 3m spacing.
90%
90%
A A
Where used to supplement diagonal markings or chevrons, pavement bars shall be placed centrally (longitudinally) between the markings
NOTE: Pavement bars shall not be used where *85th percentile approach speeds are greater than 75km/h. (The use of yellow RRPMs is an alternative, refer to inset Part B 2.13.9). Pavement bars shall always be placed at 900 to the direction of traffic.
* 85th percentile speed (V85 km/h) - the speed at or below which 85% of vehicles are observed to travel under free-flowing conditions past a nominated point. A vehicle is considered to be operating under free-flowing conditions when the preceding vehicle has at least 4 s headway and there is no apparent attempt to overtake the vehicle ahead.
B-23
Types of Markings
2.13 RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS COLOUR OF RETROREFLECTIVE RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS TO AUGMENT PAINTED LINES Applications Lane lines, small* channelizing island outline, painted or raised - all sides. Left hand edgeline, divided and 2-way roads. Left side of diverge outline, including expressway exit nose, and approach end of large island. RRPM colour White SYMBOLS FOR RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS Marker Red Non-retroreflective raised pavement marker Retroreflective raised pavement marker : Unidirectional Dividing lines, right hand edgeline (divided road), median island outline, painted or raised - all sides. Tram lane lines. Right side (when viewed in the direction of travel) of exit lane on diverge outline, including expressway exit nose, and approach end of large island. - White - Yellow - Red Yellow Bidirectional - White - Yellow
Line extension on symbol indicates direction of reflection. Face of marker to be normal to direction of travel.
Symbol
* A small island should generally be regarded as one with no side longer than 12m including approach and departure markings.
2.13.1 Dividing and Barrier lines (separates opposing traffic flows only)
4.5m
(a) Single broken (standard) unlit

24m
4.5m
(b) Single broken (standard) lit

12m
1.5m
(c) Enhanced broken (multi-lane) unlit

24m
1.5m
(d) Enhanced broken (multi-lane) lit

12m 25mm min 50mm max
(e) Single continuous (standard) unlit

(f) Single continuous (standard) lit

12m
B-24
Types of Markings
25mm min 50mm max
(g) Enhanced continuous barrier unlit

(h) Enhanced continuous barrier lit

12m 4.5m
(i) Double one-way barrier unlit

25mm min 50mm max
24m 4.5m
(j) Double one-way barrier lit

25mm min 50mm max
(k) Double two-way barrier unlit
(l) Double two-way barrier lit
12m 24m 25mm min 50mm max
(m) Outline urban roads unlit

median or island kerb
12m
25mm min 50mm max
(n) Outline urban roads lit

median or island kerb
24m
(o) Enhanced outline rural roads freeways and expressway unlit
25mm min. 50mm max. median or island kerb
X*
* where sufficient width permits (also see Part B 2.13.5) 12m
(p) Enhanced outline rural roads freeways and expressway lit

25mm min. 50mm max. median or island kerb
X*
B-25
Types of Markings
2.13.2 Lane lines

4.5m
(a) Broken unlit

24m
4.5m
(b) Broken lit

12m
25mm min 50mm max
(c) Continuous unlit. Markers may be on left or right of line.

24m
25mm min 50mm max
(d) Continuous lit. Markers may be on left or right of line.

12m
Note: Direction of travel is left to right in above diagrams, with the exception of purpose built reversible roads, i.e. Southern Expressway, where markers are bi-directional.
2.13.3 Edgelines
(a) Standard broken

24m
25mm min 50mm max
(b) Standard continuous unlit

24m
25mm min 50mm max
(c) Standard continuous lit

12m
25mm min 50mm max
(d) Enhanced continuous unlit

(e) Enhanced continuous lit

12m
Note: Direction of travel is left to right in above diagrams, with the exception of purpose built reversible roads, i.e. Southern Expressway, where markers are bi-directional red - white.
NOTE: Edgelines in the merge taper on overtaking lanes varies from this specification (see Part B 2.13.10).
B-26 Pavement Marking Manual
Types of Markings
2.13.4 Corner islands 2.13.4.1 Posted speed <80km/h
B
< 15m
no RRPMS on bicycle lanes RRPMs shall not be placed within crosswalks
> 15m
<3m
<3m
minimum of 2 RRPMs on any one edge
NOTE : In urban areas RRPMs on corner islands are to be white except where large raised dividers are used (refer to Part B 2.13.6) or where red RRPMs have been used on the edgelines on the approach or downstream from the corner island. In the latter cases, red RRPMs shall be used to 'continue' the line of RRPMs on the drivers left hand side only.
2.13.4.2 Posted speed >90km/h
>3m - <12m
>12m
>3m - <12m
>12m
NOTE : On rural roads with continuous edgelines (standard or enhanced) red RRPMs should be located on the other side of the corner island outline.
Indicates direction of travel
B-27
Types of Markings
2.13.5 Freeway/Expressway ramps (a) Preferred

kerb or edge of seal
N* = 12m lit or 24m unlit
N*
N*
6m 6m
N*
NOTE : RRPMs should be placed on the median traffic island or shoulder side where sufficient pavement width permits.
6m 6m
6m
6m
N*
6m
6m
N* N*
B-28
Types of Markings
2.13.5 Freeway/Expressway ramps (cont) (b) Alternative
N* N*
N* = 12m lit or 24m unlit
N* N*
6m
6m
NOTE : This treatment narrows the lane width and may not be consistant with RRPM locations before and after the ramp.
6m 6m
6m
6m
6m
6m
N*
N*
N* N*
B-29
Types of Markings
2.13.6 Urban arterial road
for RRPMs on urban corner islands see Part B 2.13.4.1
kerb
kerb
red RRPMs on edgelines in urban areas is optional.
raised divider
200m maximum between bicycle symbols.
Generally no RRPMs on continuity lines.
kerb
B-30
Types of Markings
2.13.7 Rural multi-lane road
edge of seal
for RRPMs on rural corner islands see Part B 2.13.4.2
200 X
sealed shoulder > 0.5m
200 X 2
B-31
Types of Markings
2.13.8 Rural two-lane two-way road
(a) Unsealed Shoulder
(b) Sealed Shoulder >0.5m
Unsealed
Unsealed
48m standard continuous
do not extend edgeline into side road. 48m standard continuous TP
only extend edgeline into side road where sealed side road extends > 50m
TP
Sealed
Sealed
TP 48m standard continuous
TP
RRPM's may be either side of dividing line but must be consistently placed through the intersection.
B-32
Types of Markings
2.13.9 Rural intersection
B
(a) Auxiliary Right Turn (AUR) (For maintenance purposes only. Not to be used for planning / design) (b) Auxiliary Left Turn (AUL)
Generally no RRPMs on continuity lines
enhanced
Note: Unlit road example. For lit roads RRPM spacing shall be 12m.
B-33
Types of Markings
2.13.9 Rural intersection (cont)

(c) Channelised Right Turn (CHR and CHRS)
Inset A
See Inset A for more detail

200
200
X 2
650mm
C to C L L
Inset B
For storage and taper lengths refer to Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 4A.
400mm 1.5m
750mm
See Inset B for more detail
125mm from C L
1.5m
125
200
200
9m
3m
Start laying yellow RRPM's before first diagonal marking then every 24m.
Note : The 9m length using 4 sets of RRPM's at 3m spacing may be extended to 18m using 7 sets of RRPM's at 3m spacing.
B-34
Types of Markings
RRPM plan
48m 12m 12m 12m 12m 12m 12m 12m 12m 12m 12m 12m 48m 12m 24m edgeline
24m
24m
12m
12m
12m
24m
edgeline 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m
2.13.10 Overtaking lane - merge area deliniation treatment
24m
24m
24m
B-35
Types of Markings
2.14 AUDIO TACTILE LINE MARKINGS (ATLM) ATLM may consist of a thermoplastic pattern of transverse ribs or chequers to a specification. Such markings are designed to provide a significant audible and tactile warning in rural environments where driver fatigue has been identified as a problem. Refer to Operational Instruction 2.13 Audio Tactile Linemarking.
2.15 DISTINCTIVE COLOURED PAVEMENT AREAS Only (a) (b) (c) (d) the following AS2700 colours shall be used: Bus Only areas (not bus lanes) - Signal Red, R13. Bicycle lanes - Emerald, G13. Full time signalised pedestrian crossings (only) - Golden Yellow, Y14 Accessible boarding indicator patch and identification of dedicated parkng spaces for people with disabilities Ultramarine, B21 (refer to Part B 2.6.4).
The above coloured pavement areas shall be treated with skid resistant material to a minimum value 45 BPN (British Pendulum Number). Distinctive coloured pavements for areas other than those stated above shall be refered to Manager, Traffic and Access Standards Section, DTEI for consideration.
Bicycle Lane line or kerb
Bicycle Lane line
No gap between green distinctive pavement marking and continuity line
No gap between red distinctive pavement marking and lane line
continuity lines continuity lines
B-36
Types of Markings
2.16 KERB PAINTING 2.16.1 Medians Isolated openings in median kerbs left for drainage purposes shall not be painted.
TP TP
B
< 2.0m
TP
TP
TP
TP
< 2.0m
TP
TP
TP
TP TP > 2.0m To start of taper or 60m max.
TP
TP
TP
TP
TP To start of taper or 60m max.
> 3.0m
TP
TP
TP
TP
TP
TP
B-37
Types of Markings
TP TP
TP
To start of taper or 60m max. TP TP
TP
TP
To s
tart
of ta
per
or 6
0m
max
TP TP
2.16.2 Roundabouts Kerbs on roundabouts including stand alone splitter islands shall be fully painted. On roundabouts with provision for heavy vehicle movements i.e. with mountable or semi-mountable areas, the first 200mm of the mountable or semimountable area shall be painted white. The kerb of the central or main island in these circumstances shall not be painted.
2.16.3 Other raised islands Unless specified otherwise on traffic control drawings the approach ends of traffic islands shall be painted white for a distance of 6 metres. Exit ends of islands need not be painted. Where approach end of islands have outlines with diagonal markings or chevrons, kerbs need not be painted. Kerbs on islands with sides measuring less than or equal to 9 metres (between end tangent points) shall be fully painted.
Direction of travel
6m
TP TP
TP TP
Direction of travel
6m
6m
tra vel
Direction of travel
Dir
ect
io
f no
6m
TP TP
6m
re Di
6m
ct io n of tra l ve
TP TP
re Di
ct
io
of
tra
ve
B-38
Types of Markings
2.17 BARRIER LINE INSTALLATION 2.17.1 Intersections Gaps shall be provided in double two way barrier lines and shall generally be 10m wide and centrally placed at the intersecting centre point of the side road. Where barrier lines are required for vertical or horizontal alignment sight restrictions take precedence over standard rural two lane, two way road intersection treatments. 2.17.2 Property accesses Gaps should not generally be provided in double two way barrier lines. Leaving a gap allows a driver to legally enter and leave the road as well as U-turns at a place where there may be a restricted sight distance due to horizontal or vertical curves. A gap may only be provided where a survey determines that sufficient sight distance is available to safely allow all movements. Where provided the gap shall generally be 5m. The gap may be increased at wider accesses or where the turning vehicle envelope would otherwise cross the double two way barrier lines.
2.18 LONGITUDINAL LINE STYLE TRANSITIONS
2.18.1 Dividing lines Broken (standard) to enhanced broken

100mm
Centre line
200mm
100mm
Continuous to enhanced continuous
Centre line
200mm
12m
Enhanced continuous to standard outline
200mm
Centre line
100mm
100mm
B-39
Types of Markings
2.18.2 Barrier lines Transition from one direction to both directions lines
2.18.3 Unbroken edgelines or outlines

Direction of travel
150mm
100mm
B-40
Types of Markings
2.18.4 Edgeline mis-match A mis-match of the edgeline road markings may result where a change of lane width occurs after sealing the road shoulders, resealing works or road reconstruction. Where this occurs, a transition of the edgeline between the new and existing markings shall be made as indicated in the diagram below.
post re-seal edgeline road markings
unsealed shoulder
existing surface
transition edgeline a minimum of 24m
obsolete RRPMs to be removed
of new work
obsolete edgelin to be removed
work
transition of edgeline
continuous edgelines
note : obsolete edgeline and RRPM's must be removed. Refer to Part A 3.2
B-41
Types of Markings
3.0 TRAFFIC CONTROL DRAWINGS AND DESIGN LAYOUTS

3.1 LONGITUDINAL LINES Longitudinal lines shall be shown on all traffic control drawings. This includes edgelines and outlines. Dimensions to kerbs shall be to the kerb face. Dimensions to longitudinal lines (other than zig zag school zone markings ) shall be to the centre of the line. Dimensions of barrier lines shall be to the centre of the combination of the two parallel lines. 3.2 TRANSVERSE LINES Transverse lines shall be shown on all traffic control drawings. Dimensions shall be clearly shown to either the leading or trailing face of all transverse lines, except pedestrian cross walk lines. Pedestrian crosswalk lines shall be dimensioned to the centre of the line. 3.3 PARKING CONTROL LINES 3.3.1 Parking Control Edgelines All parking control lines (where used) shall be shown on traffic control drawings. Parking control edge lines shall be marked in a consistent alignment parallel to and approximately 400mm from the kerb or edge of seal. 3.3.2 Parking Space Outlines Parking space outlines shall be shown and dimensioned on traffic control drawings. 3.4 DIAGONAL STRIPES AND CHEVRON MARKINGS Diagonal stripes and chevron marking shall be shown on traffic control drawings. 3.5 ARROWS All arrows shall be shown on traffic control drawings and may be dimensioned longitudinally. Arrows shall be located centrally within the lane width as shown in Part B 2.5. 3.6 MESSAGES AND SYMBOLS All messages and symbols shall be shown and the longitudinal spacing dimensioned longitudinally on traffic control drawings. Messages and symbols shall be located centrally within the lane such that a minimum of 150mm gap is maintained between the edge of the message or symbol and the centre of any adjacent longitudinal line or to the edge of seal. Spacing between letters to form commonly used words are shown in Part B 2.6.2. Bicycle symbols shall be located approximately 100mm from the bicycle lane line adjacent to the traffic lane. Where the bicycle lane is less than 1.4 metres wide it will be necessary to reduce the width of the symbol. This will be achieved by masking part of the rear wheel to preserve the 100mm gap between the edge of the symbol and the centre of lane line. Symbols on paths shall be located centrally within the designated area of travel i.e. between the left edge of the path and the separation line. Examples for both symbols and messages on paths is shown in Part C 2.19.
B-42
Design Guide
PART C
Design Guide
1.0 Scope
This section describes the requirements for the correct and consistent use of pavement markings on roads in South Australia It is intended that the section provide specific diagrammatic examples (i.e. not to scale or proportion) of the application of markings and where necessary explain to the designer the reasons why certain treatments are used. It also provides references to : The Road Traffic Act Australian Road Rules (ARR) The Technical Requirements for the Legal Use of Traffic Control Devices (The Code) Australian Standards (AS) Austroads Guide to Traffic Management (GTM) Austroads Guide to Road Design (GRD) Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure (DTEI) Operational Instructions (OI) All road authorities including their consultants and contractors are required to conform to this manual.
NOTE: Dimensioning Convention

All drawings are not to scale. The reader shall use the dimensions specified throughout the manual. Do not scale off drawings.
All markings (longitudinal and transverse) are dimensioned centre to centre, except for Give Way, Stop lines and pavement messages.
lane lines
Give Way, Stop lines and pavement messages are generally measured from either the leading or trailing edge of the line or message.
crosswalk line
y
trailing edge
stop line
leading edge
Pavement Marking Manual C-1
Design Guide
2.0 GENERAL TREATMENTS

General treatments are considered those that apply in all urban built up areas. These include local residential roads, collector roads, arterial roads and expressway type roads in or near cities and townships. They may include roads of any speed environment.
References
2.1 DIVIDING LINES There is no traffic volume warrant for the provision of dividing lines on urban roads in South Australia. It is important for designers to remember that the use of single continuous dividing line prohibits certain crossing movements, including U turns, but does not prohibit entering or leaving the road. U turns should generally not be restricted by the use a single continuous lines unless site distance is poor or special facilities have been provided to satisfy U turn demand within the section of road. Any assessment for the need for dividing lines should take the following into consideration:
ARR 132, 134 AS1742.2 Section 5 GTM Part 10 OI 2.15 OI 2.27 OI 2.40
All arterial roads shall be provided with dividing lines in urban areas, and shall be augmented with RRPMs. All collector roads should be provided with dividing lines. Local roads may be provided with dividing lines. Installing dividing lines on narrow roads may have implications for parking. Where provided between major intersections dividing lines should be broken, and shall be standard width for two lane roads and enhanced for multi lane roads. Where provided on minor or local roads at intersections, short sections of continuous dividing lines may be provided (see intersection examples in Part B 2.13.8, 2.13.9 and Part C 3.7). Double barrier lines, i.e. multiple lines consisting of combinations of broken and continuous lines or double continuous lines, are not used on urban roads. Broken dividing lines on arterial roads continue through minor road intersections. On any road, a break is provided in continuous dividing lines through intersections (see Part B 2.13.9 for example).
Dividing lines are not normally necessary on minor road approaches to major roads. However there may be situations where such lines could provide additional guidance to road users. Such cases include : - Wide side roads - Multi lane side roads - High volumes of right turn movements into and/or from minor road Dividing lines should not be provided on minor road approaches where right turn and through movements are prevented or prohibited from the minor road. Dividing lines should always be provided on minor road approaches that have give way or stop lines (also see Part C 2.12).
C-2
Design Guide
Dividing lines
References
PARKING
C
Kerb Kerb
PARKING PARKING
Kerb
Kerb Kerb
two-lane two-way road
two-lane two-way road with marked parking
multilane two-way road (with bicycle lanes)
Kerb
multilane two-way road (two plus one with parking)
2.2 BARRIER LINES Double one way barrier lines are used at Railway Crossings and Ferries in both rural and urban areas where the speed limit is >80km/h to prohibit overtaking on the approached side. A single continuous barrier line should be used where the speed limit is <70km/h or as an alternative to permit traffic to cross the line to enter or leave the road. Where single continuous barrier line is used, it shall be standard width on roads <70km/h and enhanced on roads >80km/h. Generally single continuous lines should be used instead of double barrier lines (one-way or two- way) in urban and low speed rural areas (also see Part B 2.1.2). There is a temptation to use double barrier lines (double one-way or double two-way) to control vehicle movements. However experience has shown that such treatments are generally too passive in nature. Where it is considered necessary to prohibit all crossing movements (for road safety) then preference should be given to physical controls e.g. raised medians and islands, that are self regulating and do not rely on police enforcement to be effective. For further information on the use of barrier lines on rural roads refer to Part C 3.4. ARR 132, 134 AS1742.2 Section 5 AS1742.7 Section 3 GTM Part 10 OI 2.15 OI 2.40 OI 7.1
C-3
Design Guide
2.3 DIAGONAL STRIPES AND CHEVRON MARKINGS Diagonal stripes and chevron markings are used to augment and highlight pavement marking treatments. They often have legal significance under the ARR. They take the form of chevrons when used to indicate that drivers, travelling in the same direction may pass either side of the treated area or as diagonal stripes where the treatments separate opposing traffic flows. Refer to Part B 2.4 for detailed layout of stripes. Spacing between diagonal stripes at low speed turns is generally 6m. The spacing for diagonal stripes and chevron markings is generally 6m on roads <70km/h, 12m on roads >80km/h and 24m or 48m on freeways/expressways. Diagonal stripes shall be placed at 45 degrees to the direction of travel whether straight or curved and shall be at 45 degrees to the centre line of the divergence where drivers travel on both sides of the markings. While not exclusive, below are examples of diagonal treatments.
References
ARR 88, 138 and 197 AS1742.2 Section 5 GRD Part 4A
Traffic on either side (opposing direction)
Traffic to right side only

ker
bo r ed ge of s eal
Traffic on either side (same direction)
C-4
Design Guide
2.3.1 Corner Treatment On curved alignments, where diagonal markings are not parallel, the spacing of the markings shall be measured at the outline or edgeline.
References
C
45
o
6m* 45
o

The use of diagonal stripes is discouraged on left turn treatments, where the left turn driver has priority. Stripes are a passive treatment and in this location are usually driven over regulary, requiring additional maintenance. They can also be a slip hazard with differential skid resistance between the painted area and the pavement.
*Nominal spacing between stripes is 6 metres but may be varied. For rural treatments the spacing may be increased depending on the radius of the curve. Where the section to be striped is short it is preferable to provide stripes closer together (as close as 3 metres) to ensure the stripes provide the desired effect of discouraging traffic from driving on the area.
kerb
C-5
Design Guide
2.3.2 Flush medians Flush medians may separate lanes dividing opposing traffic streams, while allowing access to and from the road or entrance to a turning lane. It should be noted that unlike raised medians, flush medians do not provide physical control of traffic movements nor do they have the advantages of being clearly visible, especially at night and in wet weather.
References
ARR 138
Spacing between median breaks
*12m
Diagonal marking variations for median breaks
widest point 30m
taper point
*15m
widest point
>10 but <20
widest point
*15m
widest point
<10m widest point
* Generally spacing between diagonal markings should be 12m. Spacing may be varied between 10 - 15m to suit median lengths. Spacing must be consistent along entire length of each median section. Although it is preferable to provide at least 2 diagonal markings in short lengths, one marking may be used in cases of very short lengths.
C-6
Design Guide
2.3.3 Corner islands The use of very small corner islands (less than 3m sides) should be avoided. Such islands cause confusion to drivers regarding give way responsibilities when turning at intersections. Chevrons and diagonal stripes may be used between the outline and the kerb of a raised island where better turning control is required. However they should only be augmented with diagonal stripes where the distance between the kerb and outline is greater than 1.0m.
References
Flush Corner Island

>3m - <12m
<3m
<3m
1m
>3m - <12m
1m
Corner Islands both flush and raised for left turning vehicles should be augmented with chevron markings for the guidance of both left turn and through vehicles. The treatment also clearly define the differences in the ARR between turning movement priorities at intersections.
ARR 62, 69 and 72 (4)
Raised Corner Island
>1m <1m 3m
3m
3m
3m
3m
3m
C-7
Design Guide
2.3.4 High Angle treatment Diagonal stripes adjacent to kerbs at left turn treatments may be placed to guide standard design vehicles through left turns. Vehicles such as Semi-trailers are permitted to turn over diagonal stripes to complete turns. Diagonal markings may be supplemented with pavement bars to promote lane compliance.
References
Special purpose lanes and corner island treatments, adjacent to motor vehicle through lanes.
r ke b
C-8
Design Guide
2.4 DIVERGE AND MERGE TAPER TREATMENTS 2.4.1 Diverge taper treatments It is often necessary to move traffic laterally across a section of road without merging lanes. Examples include divergence of traffic lanes to avoid pedestrian refuges, on street parking areas and at the start of median sections. It is preferable to provide as long a divergence length as possible, especially where two or more adjacent lanes must diverge. The following diverge calculation provides a minimum length. However, experience has shown that greater lengths should be provided whenever possible. For example, extra taper length is important for pedestrian refuge situations to provide additional protection for pedestrians and to avoid constant damage to signs and pedestrians hand rails.
References
C
GRD Part 3 Section 9 OI 2.15 OI 2.40
(x) see table below
Td = Vy 3.6s
kerb
2m
kerb
A length of continuous barrier line should be provided in accordance with the table below on the approach / exit to merge and diverge tapers. Td = Diverge length V = Design speed or speed limit (km/h) y = Lateral movement (m) s = Rate of lateral movement diverge = 1m/sec in the above case Td = 70 x 1.0 3.6 x 1.0
= 20m
Design (or 85th percentile operating) Speed (km/h) < 60 70/80 > 80
12m 24m 36m
C-9
Design Guide
2.4.2 Merge taper treatments (lane drop and acceleration lane situations) Zip merge, is the preferred merge treatment in urban areas with a speed limit of less than 80km/h.This is a minimum merge taper length. However, experience has shown that greater lengths should be provided, to assist drivers undertake the zip merge.
direction of travel
References
AS1742.2 Section 4
median
Tm = Merge length V = Design speed or speed limit *(km/h) y = Lateral movement (m) s = Rate of lateral movement merge = 0.6m/sec
Tm = Vy 3.6s
note : no continuity lines
in this case Tm = 70 x 3.5 3.6 x 0.6
= 110m
Design Speed or Speed Limit (km/h)* < 60 < 80 *whichever is higher
x 36m 48m
x lane widths 3.5m
Zip merges are not to be used on roads with a speed limit of 80 km/h or greater.
2.5 RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS Broken and continuous lines may be augmented with retroreflective raised pavement markers (RRPMs). Standard spacing is 12m on lit and 24m on unlit roads. As a minimum on arterial roads, RRPMs shall be provided on all dividing lines in urban areas and should be provided in rural areas. RRPMs should also be provided on lane lines, special purpose lane lines and flush island outlines. RRPMs enhance longitudinal lines to such an extent that they discourage crossing movements. For this reason RRPMs shall not be used on continuity lines except in circumstances shown. RRPMs may be used on collector and local roads if additional delineation treatment is considered necessary. For the use of non-reflective pavement markers through intersections, refer to Part C 2.17.6.
C-10
Design Guide
2.5.1.Continuity lines Generally RRPMs are not required on continuity lines. However, in some rare cases they may be required to provide guidance .eg - On tapers where traffic is required to deviate from their path eg. trapped lane situation. - On long lengths of curvilinear continuity lines. Note: - RRPMs shall not be used on continuity lines in merging situations. - Where used, spacing shall be generally the same as that applied to lane lines i.e. 24m on unlit roads, 12m on lit roads.
References
12m
where RRPMs on continuity lines are used, it must be shown / indicated on the design drawings.
2.5.2 Bicycle lanes The provision of RRPMs can be hazardous to cyclists when placed adjacent bicycle lane lines. This is particularly the case for part-time bicycle lanes when cyclists are required to ride around parked cars outside bicycle lane operating times. Therefore it is recommended that RRPMs not be located adjacent to or near part-time bicycle lane lines. It may also be appropriate to not install RRPMs on full-time bicycle lanes in areas where cyclists are required to ride around buses and other vehicles legitimately stopped on the road.
Pavement Marking Manual C-11
Design Guide
2.6 LANE LINES Lane lines divide two or more lines of traffic travelling in the same direction and shall be provided on roads where traffic is expected to travel in more than one lane. Lanes in urban areas should not be marked on a road where it would result in lane widths of less than 3.0m. Where kerbside lanes are designed to be shared with cyclists, the minimum lane width shall be 3.7m Lane lines are normally standard broken. However, continuous lane lines may be required between exclusive through and exclusive turn lanes on approaches to intersections (see Part C 2.7). They may also be used to restrict lane changing mid-block. Lane lines should be continued through minor road intersections. At a lane drop, the lane line should cease before the taper commences. This distance is shown in the table in Part C 2.4.2. For lane lines on the approach to signalised intersections see Part C 2.17.5. For the use of continuity lines as lane lines (including the length of continuous line) see Part C 2.7.
References
ARR 146 AS1742.2 Section 5
continuity lines see Part C 2.7
length of unbroken lane line see Part C 2.7
lane drop see Part C 2.4.2

5m
7.5 m
C-12
Design Guide
2.6.1 Roundabouts Lane lines on the approach to a multilane roundabout are positioned as they would be for other intersections. The lane lines within the circulating lanes and leading out of a roundabout, known as special purpose lines, provide added guidance through the curves while negotiating within and exiting the roundabout. Lane lines must be curved where necessary to ensure this guidance is further enhanced.
References
ARR Part 9 AS1742.2 Section 5 GTM Part 6 GTM Part 10
Exit line placement
where drivers in the left lane wishing to continue in the circulating path around the roundabout they are required to cross the exit line, it is preferable that the exit line extend from a point within the circulating path and continue into the exit road.
additional two exit lines should be provided after the exit.
exit area
starting position for exit line, see inset for each exit line around the roundabout.
Inset
C-13
Design Guide
Multi-lane roundabout with two single lane approaches and two single lane exits
References
Multi-lane roundabout with two lane approaches and two lane exits
C-14
Design Guide
Multi-lane roundabout with two approach lanes, one exit lane, and featuring an exclusive left turn lane
References
Multi-lane roundabout with two approach lanes, one exit lane, and featuring an exclusive right turn lane
C-15
Design Guide
2.6.2 Indented bus stops (partial or full)
References
ARR 195
kerb
Standard continuous line
car park
median (or other dividing treatment)
bus stop sign
indented bus stop
10m
NOTE: For bus stop design requirements, refer to GD800 page 3 of (www.dtei.sa.gov.au/standards/road_design_standards_and_guidelines)
C-16
car park
kerb
20m
bus stop
Design Guide
2.6.3 Bicycle lanes start and end
References
AS1742.2 Section 9 GRD Part 3 GTM OI 9.2 OI 9.3
start of bicycle lane
formula for calculating diverging taper
d = minimum length of taper (m) v = design speed or speed limit (km/h) y = lateral movement of vehicle, or width reduction (m)
30m or d (whichever is greater)
d=vy 3.6
end of bicycle lane
C-17
Design Guide
2.7 CONTINUITY LINES Continuity lines generally provide longitudinal continuity to traffic along lengths of road where lane lines or other longitudinal lines either cannot or should not be provided. They are used to substitute lane, dividing or edgelines where it is intended that the line be crossed. Where they are used in lieu of a lane or dividing line it is important to remember that they may continue to have the same legal effect in regard to traffic movements. Examples of continuity lines include :
References
To provide continuity at very wide straight openings across side roads or other entry and exit points along a road or across those openings that are subject to significant vertical or horizontal changes. Continuity lines should only be provided for such situations where it is likely that through traffic would otherwise loose continuity of travel (see Part C 2.5.1 for example). At the start and end of auxiliary and special purpose lanes to indicate the section of road that should be crossed to access or exit the auxiliary lane. Across side roads and other sections of road to indicate the continuance of bicycle lanes. Across median openings where the median is greater than 2 metres in width.
2.7.1 Left and right turn storage / deceleration lanes
A x
kerb or edge of bitumen
2.7.2 Left and right turn acceleration lanes
kerb or edge of bitumen
A <72m 72m - 120m 120m - 180m >180m
x 0m (all continuity line) 12m continuity line 24m continuity line 36m continuity line
NOTE: A single continuous line has regulatory importance in the ARRs. When a single continuous line is used, ARR permits vehicles to cross it to enter or leave the road or when passing a stationary obstruction (including a parked vehicle), but does not permit overtaking or u-turning.
C-18 Pavement Marking Manual
Design Guide
2.7.3 Bicycle lane continuity lines
References
kerb
kerb
C
PARKING
Note: 1. Check turning vehicle envelope for standard design vehicle. 2. Bicycle lane continuity lines to extend across turning vehicle envelope. 3. Bicycle logo not to be placed within bicycle lane continuity lines.
turning vehicle envelope
PARKING
kerb
kerb
C-19
Design Guide
2.8 OUTLINES AND PAINTED KERBS

References
RRPMs generally need not be provided on outlines. Raised median kerbs shall be outlined where the adjacent through lane width is 3.0m or greater in width. Raised median kerbs shall be painted where the adjacent through lane width is less than 3.0m. Raised median kerbs in auxiliary right turn lanes shall not be outlined unless the right turn lane is greater than or equal to 3.0m in width. Raised islands, other than raised medians and roundabouts shall be outlined unless the adjacent lane is a bicycle lane. All roundabouts and splitter island kerbs shall be painted and may be outlined. Outlines on raised islands and medians shall be standard continuous.
Outlines and median kerb painting for auxiliary right turn lanes <3.0m
<3.0m
<3.0m
6.0m min
6.0m min
>3.0m <3.0m
C-20
Design Guide
Outlines and median kerb painting for auxiliary right turn lanes >3.0m
References
>3.0m
>3.0m
C
6.0m min 6.0m min
>3.0m <3.0m
>0.15m
C-21
Design Guide
2.9 EDGELINES
References
Kerbed roads in urban areas are generally not edgelined. roads in urban areas shall be provided with edgelines and may be augmented with RRPMs.
Unkerbed
2.10 PARKING CONTROL LINES On street parking control lines are not dealt with in detail in this document. Where used, markings shall conform to the Australian Standard (AS 1742.11), except as indicated below. Generally parking control markings, such as lines, Ts and Ls used to delineate parking spaces are white. Clearways, both part time and full time shall not be marked with edgelines. Full time parking restriction lines i.e. unbroken yellow lines, may be used to designate No Stopping areas (with or without sign posting), but shall not be used to designate No Stopping areas already covered in the Road Rules i.e. driveways, corners of road intersections, bus stops, post boxes and fire hydrants. If yellow parking control lines are used along a section of road, they shall not be marked through bus stops. The lines shall also not be marked 3m each side of a post box or 1m each side of a fire hydrant, or through designated taxi zones (taxi zones must be sign posted and may be delineated with parking space markings).
ARR 169 AS1742.11
2.11 PAVEMENT MESSAGES (Including Symbols) Pavement messages on roads shall be limited to the following :
BUS LANE BUS ONLY AHEAD KEEP CLEAR NO RIGHT TURN RIGHT TURN ONLY STOP Bicycle (symbol)
BUS LANE AHEAD FERRY LEFT TURN ONLY PED XING SCHOOL
BUS ONLY GIVE WAY NO LEFT TURN RAIL X (X RAIL) SIGNALS AHEAD
Pavement Arrows
Yellow Box Markings
Pavement messages for other road related areas shall be limited to the following:
Bicycle (symbol) Access (symbol) Pedestrian (symbol)
Bicycle Prohibited (symbol) Path Arrows Skater Prohibited (symbol)
C-22
Design Guide
2.11.1 Keep clear The keep clear pavement message shall only be used in accordance with Operational Instruction 2.23 KEEP CLEAR Pavement Markings Keep clear pavement markings shall consist of the words KEEP CLEAR and :
References
Be positioned wholly within a single lane where possible. Shall have 2.5m letter height with 2.5m spacing between words. Shall have a letter style as shown in AS1742.2. Where two or more lanes are to be marked with KEEP CLEAR, the message may be staggered at wide side roads or driveways. ARR 96 AS1742.2 Section5 OI 2.23
Single lane
150mm line, positioned to the limits of the required keep clear area. e.g. in line with side road kerbs.
2.5m 2.5m 2.5m
Multi-lane (preferred)
Note: a single message covering two lanes may be adequate. The words may be spaced wider to suit.
2.5m
2.5m
2.5m
C-23
Design Guide
2.11.2 Speed limits Speed limit pavement messages shall not be used in South Australia. 2.11.3 Other messages Where it is desired to use other pavement messages, the matter shall be referred to DTEI Manager, Traffic and Access Standards Section.
References
2.12 KERB EXTENSION MARKINGS Kerb extensions (formerly known as protuberances) are used to reduce road widths, especially in pedestrian crossing locations. They also provide traffic calming qualities to a road by removing parking from the through traffic. As the name suggests, kerb extensions should preferably consist of raised areas bordered by semi mountable median type kerbing. However, they may also consist of pavement markings designated by outline markings with diagonal stripes, and pavement bars and/or RRPMs. Kerb extensions may also be used to physically control the movement of vehicles, such as a traffic divergence on a road section or to create a high angle entry to the main road.
taper length determined in accordance with Part C 2.4
raised kerb or edge of seal
Note: Diagonal stripes should be placed at 6m spacing on the divergence taper section and then at 12m spacing for long parallel sections up to 200m. For sections longer then 200m where diagonal stripes are considered necessary they may be spaced at up to 24m in urban areas and up to 48m in high speed rural areas.
maybe augmented with pavement bars between diagonal stripes ( see next example )
C-24
Design Guide
Painted kerb extensions
References
ARR 195
No painted kerb extension
C
10m
10m
0
Bus stop 20m
nominally 10m
3m
Painted kerb extension
3m
may be supplemented with pavement bars for positive control refer to Part B 2.12
6m
C-25
Design Guide
2.13 STANDARD INTERSECTIONS (Local Roads) Local or minor roads need not to be line marked. However, where they are, it is preferred to provide a single dividing line to the extent of the limit of the No Stopping restriction from the intersection (only) on the road with priority. The controlled road approaches i.e. the road under Give Way or Stop sign control must be provided with a give way or stop line. The provision of a dividing line from the give way or stop line is preferred. The dividing line would not normally extend beyond 10m from the kerb alignment of the intersecting road. This length of line matches the road rule which prohibits stopping within 10m of an intersecting road. Single lane
References
ARR 170
10m minimum
dividing line
kerb
10m minimum
Multi-lane minor road exits, from major roads, where traffic may enter the side road from more then one lane, lane lines should be provided. In these cases, the lane line should commence 300mm from the prolongation of the main road kerb line. At least three line segments are preferred. For multi-lane minor roads approaching a major road, lane lines should cease with a full line segment at 300mm back from the prolongation of the main road kerb line. Where a stop or give way line exists, the full line segment should cease. Where lane use discipline is a problem, pavement arrows should be provided. Multi lane
300mm
prolongation kerb line
C-26
Design Guide
2.14 GIVE WAY AND STOP LINE MARKINGS
References
width = 450mm (<80km/h) width = 600mm (>80km/h)
Note: Examples shown apply for both GIVE WAY and STOP locations.
C
300mm
typical no special turn requirments
kerb
special turn requirments
x kerb
nominally 10m
x = placement of give way line may have to be further in advance of the roundabout to allow for the wider swept path of some larger vehicles travelling around the roundabout.
kerb
300mm
kerb
300mm
kerb 300mm
kerb
300mm
C-27
Design Guide
2.15 CHANGED PRIORITY
References
Changed priority junction
7.
5m
5m
C-28
Design Guide
2.16 ROUNDABOUTS Give Way lines All roundabouts shall be provided with give way lines at the point drivers are expected to hold to give way before entering the circulating lane(s). To determine the location of the give way line it is important to consider sight distance to approaching vehicles from the right while ensuring that the holding vehicle is not placed within the turning path of vehicles travelling within the circulating lane(s), see Part C 2.14. Special purpose and lane lines Refer to Part C 2.6.1. Note: Spiral lane line markings i.e. where additional lanes are created within a roundabout shall not be used in SA without the authorisation of DTEI, Manager Traffic and Access Standards. Pavement arrows Pavement arrows, while not used on single lane roundabouts, shall be used on any approach to the roundabout which has more then one lane. Splitter islands Splitter islands, raised or flush, shall be provided on each approach. A standard single continuous barrier line should be marked on the approach to a splitter island. Painted kerb and outlines All roundabouts, splitter islands and kerb extension shall be painted and may be outlined. For semi-mountable central islands and sppitter islands refer to Part B 2.16.2.
References
The Code Section 6 AS1742.2 Section 2 AS1742.2 Section 5 ARR part 9
2.16.1 Single lane roundabout
kerb extension
C-29
Design Guide
2.16.2 Multi-lane T-intersection roundabout
References
2.16.3 Bicycle lane approach to single lane roundabout
locate start of bicycle lane outside turning envelop design vehicle turning template
locate end of bicycle lane outside turning envelop
C-30
Design Guide
2.17 SIGNALISED INTERSECTIONS
References
Signalised intersection treatment index
C
4
1 2 3
Pedestrian crosswalk lines Stop lines Turn lines
(page C-32) (page C-33) (page C-34)
4 5 6
Pavement arrows Lane lines Non-reflective raised pavement markers
(page C-35) (page C-39) (page C-40)
C-31
Design Guide
2.17.1 Pedestrian crosswalk lines (a) Pedestrian The signalised crossing should be at least 2m wide and delineated by two parallel lines. See Part B 2.2.3. The line nearest the centre of the intersection should be not less then 0.6m (desirably 1m) clear of the cross street kerb line projection. Crosswalks shall always be on a straight alignment between staged crossing points. No other lines shall be placed between the crosswalk lines
References
kerb 0.6 - 1m
line width 150mm, 600mm stripe and 300mm gap
generally crosswalks should be 2.4m (2m min) wide and should be parallel with cross walk lines. However, the width of crosswalk may be increased where there are high pedestrian volumes.
1.2m m
in
(b) Shared Use Shared use marked crossings may vary in width between 2.0m - 4.0m depending on the facility width leading to the marked crossing.
(c) Scramble Pedestrian Crossings Scramble pedestrian crossing markings are covered in Operational instruction 14.1. OI 14.1
C-32
Design Guide
2.17.2 Stop lines (a) Stop line Stop lines indicate to drivers the point behind which vehicles must stop during the red signal phase, See Part B 2.2.1.
References
C
1.5m
450 or 600mm
200mm
1m
1.2m minimum
1.8m
1.1m
(b) Angled or stepped stop lines The correct stopping position at an angled stop line is often difficult for drivers to accurately determine when the angle of the line is less then 60 degrees to the direction of travel. Generally it is preferred to use shallow angle stop lines but this will sometimes depend upon site suitability.
Greater or equal to 60 degress to the direction of travel, use angled stop line
1.2m min
> 60%
Less then 60 degress to the direction of travel, use stepped stop line
1.2m min
< 60%
C-33
Design Guide
2.17.3 Turn lines Turn lines may be used within signalised intersections to indicate the proper course to be followed by turning vehicles. They shall always be used within an intersection where there is more than one turning lane for turns in a particular direction. They are not required when the path to be followed is obvious to drivers under all conditions. Where opposing right-turn movements operate in the same phase, care must be taken with positioning turn lines so that sufficient gap is left between opposing turning traffic. Austroads turning path templates or recognised equivalent should be used for turn lines. It is suggested that a gap of 1.2 to 2.0m is provided between the turning vehicle envelopes. At major urban intersections with double right-turn lanes from opposite directions, it is necessary to select the design vehicles for the turns, e.g. car and semi-trailer from both directions. Turn lines should not be carried through pedestrian crosswalks but may continue after to continue guidance. Turn lines location shall be determined using design turning envelope as a guide, however each location will be different depending on, for example, approach road angles, number of turn lanes and/or phase sequence. Where multi-turn lanes exist adequate separation shall be provided between each adjacent design turning envelope. Turn lines can be designed and depicted using turn line design strings.
References
AS1742.14
turn lines not to be carried through crosswalk line width 100mm, 600mm stripe and 600mm gap
C-34
Design Guide
2.17.4 Pavement arrows Intersection pavement arrows may be provided in lanes to indicate the direction in which a driver is legally obliged to travel through the intersection. They should only be used in lanes from which the movements differ from the road rules. e.g. The road rules allow drivers to turn left or travel through an intersection from the left lane. If these movements are to be permitted within the intersection, the pavement arrow should not be provided. For simplicity, use of Intersection Pavement Arrows table (page C-38) shows the movements for which arrows shall be provided. Intersection pavement arrows shall not be used to indicate a turn where the turn is restricted during certain hours of the day. When used, a minimum of 3 arrows should be provided in a traffic lane on the approach to traffic signals. The arrow closest to the intersection shall be provided 6m from the stop line or from the tangent point of the curve for a left turn lane. Subsequent arrows should normally be provided at as close to 30m spacing as possible (tail to tail). However, to ensure three arrows are provided, spacing may be reduced down to a minimum of 15m. The last arrow shall be provided at a point where the full lane width is developed. For very short lanes where three arrows cannot be provided (at 15m spacing) the number of arrows may be reduced.
References
6m
15 - 30m
15 - 30m
first arrow placed, at full lane width
C-35
Design Guide
2.17.4.1 Multiple turn lanes Left and right turn lanes are reserved for turning traffic, treatments are generally similar.
References
BUS ONLY
refer to Part C 2.7
TP 6m
C-36
Design Guide
2.17.4.1 Multiple turn lanes (cont) T-Junction combinations of left/right arrows are required to allow the movements intended.
References
1 row only
3 rows where length of lanes permit
3 rows where length of lanes permit
C-37
Description of requirements
Two lane
Three lane
Four lane
C-38
Design Guide
Legal manoeuvres if lane unmarked
Legal manoeuvers if left lane only marked
Legal manoeuvres if right lane only marked
Markings for two exclusive left turn lanes
Markings for two exclusive right turn lanes
Markings for shared left turn and through from lane adjacent to left turn lane
Markings for shared right turn and through from lane adjacent to right turn lane NOT APPLICABLE
Markings for shared left turn and through from lane adjacent to two exclusive left turn lane NOT APPLICABLE
Markings for shared right turn and through from lane adjacent to two exclusive right turn lane
Markings to indicate left lane prohibition
Markings to indicate right lane prohibition
Notes:
Use of Intersection Pavement Arrows
1 2 3 4
Black symbols indicate arrows to be marked. Grey symbols indicate manoeuvres which are permitted by regulations but which need not be marked. On some intersection approaches, it may be necessary to combine two or more of the marking methods shown. Arrows for all movements shall be marked on multi-lane side road approaches to signal controlled "T" intersections and on all multi-lane approaches to roundabouts.
Design Guide
2.17.5 Lane lines On the immediate approaches to traffic signals, the use of lane lines is essential where the approach width will accommodate two or more traffic streams. On the approach lane lines should cease with a full line segment at the stop line. This may require a shorter gap segment, or a longer line segment. On exits to intersections where pedestrian crosswalks exist, lane lines should start as close as practicable (but not closer than 300mm) to the crosswalk. For zip merges on the exit to intersections, refer to Part C 2.4.2. For the use of continuity lines as lane lines, refer to Part C 2.7.
References
C-39
Design Guide
2.17.6 Non-reflective raised pavement markers Vehicles my require guidance through intersections by the placement of Non-Reflective Raised Pavement Markers (NRPM) within the intersection for non-turning traffic. Treatment is normally applicable only to wide signalized intersections on multilane roads. NRPM must be placed such that they do not interfere with the alignment of the cross movement lanes. Typical situations are: Lanes on opposite sides of the intersection offset by half a lane width or more. Drivers required to steer a curved course through the intersection. Highly skewed intersections where the travel distance within the intersection is excessive. Features such as tram lines or adverse geometry which may make the course difficult to follow.
References
AS1742.2 Section 5
Typical situation
Location of guidance markers
C-40
Design Guide
2.18 EXPRESSWAYS 2.18.1 Expressway exit lane arrows Expressway exit lane arrows shall only be used where multiple lanes exit onto a ramp.
References
AS1742.2 Section 3
mid - block left lane becomes trap lane
entry ramp continues as trap lane to next exit
C-41
Design Guide
2.19 PATH TREATMENTS 2.19.1 Destination group layout
References
AS1742.9
1m x 80mm wide dividing line with 7m spacing
3m
1m
150mm
1.2m 1m 150mm
7m
1.2m 300mm
1.2m
pavement edge
2.19.2 Connector group layout
1m x 80mm wide dividing line with 7m spacing
2m
1m
150mm
1.2m 150mm 1m
7m
1.2m
1.2m
pavement edge
C-42
Design Guide
2.19.3 Shared use paths, T intersection layout
References
destination group see Part C 2.19.1 for typical layout 1m x 7m gap x 80mm wide dividing line
15m min
connector group see Part C 2.19.2 for typical layout
12m x 80mm wide single continuous line
50m
10m 5m
connector path eg. SMITH STREET
5m 10m
50m
symbol groups should be spaced at not more than 200m intervals
15m min
destination group see Part C 2.19.1 for typical layout
C-43
Design Guide
2.19.4 Shared use paths, intersection layout
References
destination group see Part C 2.19.1 for typical layout 15m min connector group see Part C 2.19.2 for typical layout 1m x 7m gap x 80mm wide dividing line
15m min
25m
10m 5m connector path eg. SMITH STREET 5m 10m connector path eg. JONES AVENUE
25m symbol groups should be spaced at not more than 200m intervals
15m min
C-44
Design Guide
2.19.5 Shared use paths, T intersection offset layout
References
1m x 7m gap x 80mm wide dividing line
15m min
symbol groups should be spaced at not more then 200m intervals
50m
10m 5m connector path eg. JONES AVENUE 5m
5m connector path eg. SMITH STREET 5m 10m
50m 12m x 80mm wide single continuous line
15m min
C-45
Design Guide
2.20 PEDESTRIAN TREATMENTS There are a number of distinctive facilities to assist the safe passage of pedestrians walking adjacent to and across roads. The distinctive features including the legal effect for some of these facilities is created by the pavement markings. These facilities are known as: Pedestrian refuge Emu crossing Koala crossing Wombat crossing Pedestrian actuated crossing
References
2.20.1 Pedestrian refuge

AS1742.10
Refuges shall be outlined and the outline shall continue past the pedestrian opening. Where pedestrian openings are provided through medians, outlines shall also continue past the opening but only if that length of median is provided with an outline. Where the pedestrian refuge divides opposing traffic movements unidirectional yellow RRPMs shall be provided at 6.0m spacings. White RRPMs shall be provided at the same spacing where the refuge separates traffic travelling in the same direction.
Pedestrian refuges are either short lengths of raised medians used on roads for the sole purpose of providing a staging area for pedestrians crossing the road or are long lengths of median through which cut outs or walkthroughs may be provided.
refer to Part C 2.4.1 for minimum diverge length and continuous barrier line.
C-46
Design Guide
2.20.2 Emu crossing
References
two-lane two-way road
The Code Section 7 AS1742.10
post and flag
6m
2.4m - 6m
C
post kerb
post
single broken dividing line post 6m
standard stop line
post
kerb
post and flag
two-lane two-way road (with kerb extensions)
6m post and flag
2.4m - 6m
kerb kerb extension post post kerb extension
single broken dividing line kerb extension post
standard stop line
post kerb 6m post and flag
C-47
Design Guide
2.20.3 Koala crossing
References
AS1742.10 two-lane two-way road
6m
2.4m - 6m
kerb
single broken dividing line
standard stop line
kerb 6m twin alternate yellow flashing signals
two-lane two-way road (with kerb extensions)
6m
2.4m - 6m
kerb kerb extension kerb extension
single broken dividing line kerb extension
standard stop line
kerb 6m twin alternate yellow flashing signals
C-48
Design Guide
2.20.4 Wombat crossing
References
kerb
kerb extension
6m min platform
3m - 6m
3m - 6m
kerb extension
kerb
C-49
Design Guide
2.20.5 Pedestrian actuated crossing
References
Undivided roads two-lane two-way
6m
2.4m min *
kerb
20m single continuous barrier line (optional)
standard stop line
kerb single post with pedestrian push button
6m
* 5m preferred
four-lane two-way
2.4m min *
6m
kerb
20m single continuous barrier line (optional)
standard stop line
kerb single post with pedestrian push button
6m
C-50
Design Guide
2.21 SCHOOL ZONES A zigzag marking is used to increase driver awareness of a school zone. It is placed in advance of a School Zone sign, subject to site conditions. Zigzag pavement markings shall be used at all School Zones. Typically the trailing end of the zigzag marking is placed at the school zone sign with the marking commencing 30m in advance of the sign. SCHOOL pavement messages may be used where visibility to the school zone (zigzag markings) is limited. These markings supplement School Zone warning sign(s). Other markings, such as speed limits, coloured patches or symbols shall not be used. The zigzag markings must be as shown in Part B 2.9, unless otherwise indicated in the following examples.
References
ARR 23 The Code
2.21.1 Zigzag marking position (a) Parking prohibited at all times.

zigzag positioned centrally in lane R3-SA58 edgeline or edge of seal
dividing line or centre of road
(b) Adjacent indented parking lane and full time bicycle lane.
kerb extensions may be present to provide protected parking lane R3-SA58
marked parking lane bicycle lane (full time)
R3-SA58 zigzag positioned centrally in lane
median or separation line
(c) Adjacent part time bicycle lane.

R3-SA58
a part-time bicycle lane may be installed
a (see below)
lane width
R3-SA58 zigzag positioned centrally in lane
median or separation line
indicates direction of travel
C-51
Design Guide
(d) Part time parking restriction.

R3-SA58
References
lane width a (see below)
dividing line or centre of road
R3-SA58
Width of lane less than or equal to 4.0m between 4.0m to 6.0m greater than 6.0m
Value of a 0.2m 0.6m 1.2m
2.21.2 Basic school zone

R3-SA58 R4-SA59 R4-SA59 R3-SA58
R3-SA58
R4-SA59
R4-SA59
R3-SA58
2.21.3 Curved alignment
WG-SA106
Notes : 1. SCHOOL pavement message may be used adjacent to a WG-SA106 School Zone sign where sight distance to the zigzag marking may be restricted. 2. Zigzag shall follow the curve of the road.
indicates direction of travel
C-52
SCHO
OL
R3 A5 -S 8
R3 A -S 58
R4 A5 -S 9
R4 A5 -S 9
R4 -SA 59 R3 -SA 58
R4
-SA
59 R3 -SA 58
Design Guide
2.21.4 At intersections and Emu crossings

R3-SA58 1 30m 3 1.0m min
References
R4-SA58 1.0m min
Notes : 1. Zigzag marking should be 30m long but may be reduced to a minimum of 21m. 2. Zigzag markings must not extend into an intersection. It must be clear of the prolongation of the kerb or edge of road by at least 1.0m. 3. Prolongation of kerb or edge of road.
3.0m min 3 1 21m min R3-SA58 3 2 2
1.0m min 30m 1
for Emu crossings refer to Part C 2.20.2
R3-SA58
2.21.5 Undivided multi-lane road

R3-SA58 R4-SA59 R3-SA58
R3-SA58
R4-SA59
R3-SA58
C-53
Design Guide
2.21.6 Divided multi-lane road

R3-SA58 R4-SA59
References
R3-SA58 >3m R4-SA59
R4-SA59
R3-SA58
<3m
R3-SA58 R4-SA59 indicates direction of travel
2.22 BUS FACILITIES Bus facilities on roads include part time Bus Lanes, full time Bus Lanes and Bus Only areas. All three are pavement marked differently.
General requirements

Preferred width 3.5 metres to 4.0 metres. Widths less than 3.5 metres may be acceptable on Urban arterial roads with the agreement of Passenger Transport Services, DTEI. At the start of a Bus Lane where road users are required to diverge to avoid entering the lane, a continuity line transition shall be provided. Full time Bus Lanes shall have an continuous lane line. Part time Bus Lanes shall have a special purpose broken lane line. BUS LANE AHEAD pavement messages placed in advance of the continuity line transition are preferred for both full and part time Bus Lanes. BUS LANE pavement messages must be placed at the start of both full and part time Bus Lanes after intersection and at intervals not exceeding 200 metres. BL pavement messages shall not be used. Continuity line transitions lines shall be - Not less than 35 metres where traffic is not required to merge with another lane of traffic to avoid entering the Bus lane. - Full merging transition length where traffic is required to merge with another lane.
Pavement messages need not be in lateral alignment with Bus lane signs. Bus Only Lanes and/or Area shall be treated with red pavement colouring. Red shall not be used for any other purpose.
C-54
Design Guide
2.22.1 Placing of lane messages Bus Lane Ahead

2.5m 1.2m - 2.5m 2.5m 1.2m - 2.5m 2.5m
References
Part Time Bus Lane

2.5m special purpose broken line 1.2m - 2.5m 2.5m
bus lane
Full Time Bus Lane

2.5m 1.2m - 2.5m 2.5m continuous lane line
bus lane
Bus Only
2.5m 1.2m - 2.5m 2.5m continuous lane line
C-55
Design Guide
2.22.1 Placing of lane messages (cont)
References
6.2m - 7.5m
35m
continuity line
kerb
35m - 100m
C-56
Design Guide
2.22.2 Full-time / Part-time bus lane treatment
References
continuous lane line
special purpose broken line
C
10m to 50m 10m to 50m
200m max
200m max 100m
6.2m to 7.5m
6.2m to 7.5m
35m
35m
30m to 100m
30m to 100m
12.5m
12.5m
Full-time bus lane
Part-time bus lane
C-57
Design Guide
2.22.3 Bus lanes approaching signalized intersections
References
Note: 1. Check turning vehicle envelope for standard design vehicle. 2. BUS LANE pavement message not to extend across turning vehicle envelope. 10m to 50m
10m to 50m
turning vehicle envelope
100m max
Shared through and left turn lane for other traffic

C-58
Exlusive left turn lane for other traffic

Design Guide
2.22.4 Parking bays in Bus Lanes Parking bays should not normally be marked in part-time bus lanes. However, when they are required, they should be marked with T and L markings.
References
C
bus lane
AS1742.12
2.22 5 Bus Only
GRD Part 3
C-59
Design Guide
2.22.5 Bus Only (cont)
References
C-60
Design Guide
2.23 DISTINCTIVE COLOURED BICYCLE LANES 2.23.1 Left turn deceleration lane (high potential conflict)
References
OI 9.3
C-61
Design Guide
2.23.2 Left turn deceleration lane (potential conflict)
References
C-62
Design Guide
2.23.3 Left turn acceleration lane
References
C-63
Design Guide
2.23.4 High angle left turn lane
References
2.23.5 Minor side road junction
C-64
Design Guide
2.24 FLOODWAYS AND CAUSEWAYS Floodways and causeways are sections of road that are subject to flooding. When water is over the roadways delineation is reduced because the edgelines and particularly the standard dividing line (3m line, 9m gap) is very difficult to see through the water. However, it is important not to unreasonably restrict traffic movement by providing an continuous dividing line. To increase delineation qualities of the dividing line while still allowing the line to be crossed, a special purpose broken dividing line ( i.e. 9m line, 3m gap) shall be used across the section of road regularly subject to flooding.
References
Floodway/causeway examples
edge of seal
floodway / causeway
floodway / causeway
enhanced continuous edgelines
special purpose broken dividing line
edge of seal
special purpose broken dividing line
edge of seal
100m minimum
broken edgelines
broken edgelines
existing road edgeline if provided
>5.5m edge of seal
>6.8m
no narrowing of road formation or seal width
narrowing of road formation and/or seal width
C-65
Design Guide
3.0 RURAL TREATMENTS

This section details the pavement marking differences between the general or urban treatments and those in rural areas. In cases other than those listed below, treatments should be the same for both built up urban and rural situations. 3.1 DIVIDED RURAL ROADS Although most of the design details for treatments between intersections in this section relate to undivided roads, the same principles, with the exception of dividing lines, should be applied for divided roads. 3.2 MULTI-LANE UNDIVIDED RURAL ROADS Multi-lane undivided roads shall not be used in high speed rural environments with the exception of specific treatments such as overtaking lanes, CHR and CHL intersection treatments. 3.3 DIVIDING LINES ON RURAL ROADS Dividing lines shall be installed in accordance with AS1742.2 other than at isolated intersections treatments. The use of single continuous barrier lines as dividing lines are not recommended in high speed rural environments. Although such lines prohibit certain crossing movements, including u-turns, they do not prohibit entering or leaving the road (see Barrier Lines on Rural Roads). Any assessment for the need for dividing lines needs to consider the following:
References
AS1742.2 Section 5
All rural arterial roads shall be provided with dividing lines and should be augmented with RRPMs. All rural collector roads should be provided with dividing lines. Local rural roads may be provided with dividing lines. Installing dividing lines on narrow roads may have implications for parking. Where provided between major rural intersections dividing lines should be broken, and shall be standard width for 2 lane roads and enhanced for multi lane roads. Where provided on minor or local rural roads at intersections, short sections of single continuous barrier line may be provided. Dividing lines on rural arterial roads through minor road intersections are generally broken (see Part C 3.8 Standard Rural Intersections).
3.4 BARRIER LINES ON RURAL ROADS A single continuous barrier line should be used through rural townships as an alternative to double two-way barrier lines. This allows the line to be crossed by traffic entering or leaving the road. Barrier lines on high speed rural roads shall only consist of double lines, either Double One Way Barriers or Double Two Way Barriers to create No Overtaking Zones and shall be restricted to locations with either horizontal or vertical sight restrictions or both and only be determined in accordance with AS1742.2. Double barrier lines, one way or two way, are not generally used in SA to prohibit overtaking at isolated locations unless there are sight restrictions which meet requirements for such lines. The only exceptions to the above requirement include:
Railway level crossings in accordance with Australian Standards Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (AS1742). Overtaking lanes in accordance with this document and Operational Instruction 2.15 Ferry approaches in accordance with Australian Standards Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices.
AS1742.7 Section 3 OI 2.15
C-66
Design Guide
3.5 LANE LINES ON RURAL ROADS Lane lines i.e. lines dividing lanes of the same direction traffic, must be provided on roads where traffic is expected to travel in more than one line of traffic. Lanes should not be marked on a rural road where it would result in lane widths of less than 3.2 metres. Restricted access routes may require greater lane widths. Lane lines are normally standard broken. However, unbroken lane lines may be used between exclusive through and exclusive turn lanes on approaches to intersections. Lane lines on rural roads should be continued through minor road intersections. All multi lane divided rural roads shall be provided with enhanced edgelines and outlines.
References
Multi lane divided rural road

enhanced edgeline
sealed shoulder or breakdown lane
dividing strip
(unkerbed)
(kerbed) 175mm
sealed shoulder or breakdown lane enhanced outline
enhanced edgeline
3.6 EDGELINES ON RURAL ROADS Edgelines are provided on most rural arterial roads. They provide a clear definition of the lane and discourage traffic from travelling on shoulders. They are particularly effective at night. Edgelines shall be provided on all rural roads to ensure the desirable alne width does not exceed 3.5 metres. Practices regarding lane and sealed shoulder widths including the issues relating to pavement depth, should be considered before providing an edgeline. Part C 3.6.1 and 3.6.2 show best practice in regard to installation of dividing lines and edgelines. Part C 3.6.3 and 3.6.4 indicates a required treatment. AS1742.2 Section 4 AS1742.2 Section 5 GRD Part 3
C-67
Design Guide
3.6.1 Narrow rural two-lane two-way road (sealed width >5.5m, <6.8m)
References
AS1742.2 Section 4
unsealed shoulder
edge of seal (no edgeline unless AS1742.2 Cl 4.2.2.1 (b) applies)
> 5.5m
unsealed shoulder
C-68
Design Guide
3.6.2 Standard rural two-lane two-way road (sealed width >6.8m)
References
C
standard broken edgeline
unsealed shoulder
edge of seal
minimum width 200mm
> 6.4m
unsealed shoulder
> 6.8m (seal width)
C-69
Design Guide
3.6.3 Wide sealed shoulder rural two-lane two-way road (sealed shoulder width >0.5m )
References
continuous edgeline*
> 0.5m
> 6.6m
> 7.6m (seal width)
*on the following roads, the continuous edgeline shall be enhanced - Southern Expessway - Dukes Highway - Sturt Highway - Pt Augusta - Pt Wakefield Road
C-70
Design Guide
3.6.4 Multi-lane divided road (sealed shoulder width >0.5m )
References
C
enhanced edgeline
> 0.5m
> 0.5m
> 0.5m
> 0.5m
C-71
Design Guide
3.7 STANDARD RURAL INTERSECTIONS
References
Standard two-lane two-way rural side road intersection
unsealed
sealed
<50m
>50m
Standard two-lane two-way rural cross road intersection
10m standard continuous or to end of seal if less
unsealed
unsealed
>50m
<50m
C-72
Design Guide
3.8 OVERTAKING LANE TREATMENTS More details in Operational Instruction 2.15 Overtaking Lanes. 3.8.1 Overtaking lane - diverge
References
C
edgeline W C D=VW/3
V85
km/h <75 75-90 >90
A
m 100 150 250
C
m 30 60 100 C
edgeline
C-73
Design Guide
3.8.2 Lane change arrow placements
References
Tm = V = y = s =
Merge length Design speed (km/h) Lateral movement (m) Rate of lateral movement
merge = 0.6m/sec Tm = Vy 3.6s
G9-73B
.
A 2
V85
km/h <75 75-90 >90
A
m 100 150 250 A
W4-9C W8-15C
C-74
Design Guide
3.9 TURNOUTS Turnouts are short sections of sealed shoulder of a suitable width to provide a stopping area for slow vehicles to allow faster vehicles to pass. Pavement markings consist of a continuity line past the turnout in line with the normal edgeline.
References
GRD Part 6
Slow vehicle turnout
continuity line
edge of bitumen
edge of bitumen
C-75
Design Guide
3.10 REST AREAS Rest areas may be lay bys, truck (only) parking bays, information bays, and points of interest sites. 3.10.1 Roads with edgelines
References
continuity line
sealed shoulder only (typically >3.0m)
OI 20.3
acceleration lane
broken edgelines
unsealed area
edge of existing seal
length of continuity line for both acceleration and deceleration (if provided) see Part C 2.7
sealed shoulder only continuity line
C-76
Design Guide
3.10.2 Roads without edgelines
References
narrow sealed shoulder may exist after opening
continuity line
unsealed area
edge of existing seal
deceleration lane
continuity line
C-77
Design Guide
3.10.3 Full acceleration / deceleration lane
References
edege of seal
acceleration lane
>3.5m 150m min
(30m taper)
deceleration lane
C-78
Design Guide
3.10.4 Sealed shoulders only
References
edege of seal
acceleration lane
100m min
(30m taper)
deceleration lane
C-79
Design Guide
3.11 STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS Includes narrow bridges and grids etc.
References
All bridges and other road narrowings shall be edgelined. Barrier lines to be provided only in accordance with no overtaking zone sight distance requirements and only on roads greater than 5.5m width. Edgeline to be standard broken or to match existing edgeline where provided. Special purpose broken lines to be used for dividing lines on floodways and causeways only (see Part C 2.24).
narrowing of formation width only
narrowing of formation width only
30m broken edgelines
30m broken edgelines
<5.5m (no edgelines)
>5.5m (no edgelines)
C-80
Design Guide
Grid example
References
grid
narrowing of sealed width
100m minimum
broken edgelines
existing road edgeline if provided
>6.8m (edgelined)
narrowing of road formation and/or seal width
C-81
DOCUMENT CONTENT FEEDBACK

NOTE: Photocopy, complete and return Internal Mail
Manager, Traffic Regulation & Standards Unit Traffic & Access Standards Section Level 5 77 Grenfell Street Adelaide
Post
Manager, Traffic Regulation & Standards Unit Traffic & Access Standards Section Road and Traffic Management Directorate Transport Services Division GPO Box 1533 Adelaide SA 5001
Document Details:
Title: Pavement Marking Manual, Transport Services Division DTEI File: 2010/15164 Applicant Details Name ......................................................Title......................................................... Dir/Sect/Unit or Company ....................................................................................... Address................................................................................................................... ................................................................Postcode................................................. Postal Address........................................................................................................ ................................................................Postcode................................................. Telephone Number .................................Facsimile Number................................... Proposed Changes Details ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. Please attach further details (if required) For DTEI Internal Use Only Comment ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ Approved ........................................................................Date................................ Returned to Applicant .......... ..........................................Date................................

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Pavement Marking Manual

Transport Services Division

Paul Gelston Director, Road and Traffic Management

Stephen Pascale Manager, Traffic and Access Standards

Steve Clark Unit Manager, Traffic Regulation & Standards

Pavement Marking Manual

1.0 2.0 3.0

Sept 2005 March 2007 Dec 2010 All

Issued for comment, changes and additions to Section B and C

Pavement Marking Manual

Pavement Marking Manual

1.0 Scope ________________________________________________________________________ C-1

Pavement Marking Manual

2.0 Legal Requirements

3.0 General Attributes

Pavement Marking Manual

Pavement Marking Manual

1.b Installation Specifications

Pavement Marking Manual

2.0 TYPES OF MARKINGS

Line width Colour (mm) width Colour (mm)

(a) Single broken (standard)

(b) Enhanced broken (multi-lane)

2.1.2 Barrier dividing lines (separates opposing traffic flows only)

(a) Single continuous barrier

(c) Double one-way barrier

2.1.3 Lane lines

(a) Standard broken

2.1.4 Special purpose broken lines

Pavement Marking Manual

(e) Continuous (bicycle and shared paths off road)

(d) Double two-way barrier

(b) Enhanced single continuous barrier

100 100 100

100 100 100

Line width Colour (mm)

2.1.6 Continuity lines

(b) Enhanced (used in conjunction with 150mm edgelines)

2.1.7 Turn lines

2.2 TRANSVERSE LINES 2.2.1 Stop lines

(b) Enhanced (>80 km/h)

Pavement Marking Manual

2.2.2 Give way lines

Line width Colour (mm)

(a) Standard (<70 km/h)

600mm stripe and gap

(b) Enhanced (>80 km/h)

2.2.3 Pedestrian crosswalk lines

600mm stripe and gap

(b) Wombat and Zebra crossings

*Equal, 600mm or less

2.2.4 Pedestrian holding lines (station platforms only)

(a) Platform edge hazard line

2.2.5 Pedestrian kerb ramp access (off street)

(b) Platform wait behind line

2.3 PARKING CONTROL LINES

Line width Colour (mm)

2.3.1 Parking control edgelines

2.3.2 Parking space outline

900mm stripe and 600mm gap

* Restricted Parking: Parking restriction by time and/or by vehicle type

2.3.3 Shared space or area markings