Reported speech a study this example situation

you want to tell someone else what tom said. There are two ways of doing this: You can repeat Toms words ( direct speech ) : Tom said, Im feeling sick. Or you can use reported speech: Tom said (that) he was felling sick Compare the two sentence : Direct Reported b tom said, I m feeling sick. tom said (that) he was feeling sick

when we use reported speech, we are usually taking about the past. So verb usually have/has: had will : would can : could do/want/know : did/wanted/knew, etc

change to the past in reported speech. For example: am/is : was are : were

study these example. You met Tom. Here are some things he said to you:

Im going away for a few days. I'll cal when I get

Ann has bought a new car

I want to go on vacation, but I dont know where to go

Im going to quit my job

I cant come to the party on Friday

My parents are very well

Now you tell someone else what Tom said (in reported speech) Tom said (that) his parents were very well Tom said (that) he was going to quit his job Tom said (that) Ann had bought a new car Tom said (that) he couldnt come to the party on Friday Tom said (that) he wanted to go on vacation, but the didnt know where to go Tom said (that) he was going away for a few days and would call me when he got back

c. the simple past ( I did) can usually stay the Sam In reported speech, or you can change it to the past perfect ( I had done ) : did ; did or had done direct reported had stayed) Tom said I woke up feeling sick and so I stayed Tom said (that) he woke (or had woken) up feeling sick and so he stayed ( or

Reported speech (2) a it is not always necessary to change the verb when you use reported speech. If you are reporting something and you feel that it is still true, you do not need to change the tense of the verb; direct reported direct Reported Tom said, New York is bigger than into the London Tom said (that) New York is (or was) bigger than London Ann said, I want to go to Turkey next year. Ann said (that) she want (or wanted) to go to Turkey next year

Notice that is also correct to change the verb into the past But you must use a past tense when there is a difference between what was said and what is really true. Study this example situation:
You met Ann. She said, Jim is sick. (direct speech) t Later that day you see Jim playing tennis and looking fine. You say: Im surprised to see you playing tennis, Jim. Ann said that you were sick (not that you are sick, because he isnt sick) Must, might, could, would, and ought Stay the same in reported speech. May in direct speech normally change to might in reported speech.

b. Say and tell if you say who you are talking to, use tell: Tom said me (that) he didnt like Brain. (not Tom said me..)

Other use say: Tom said (that) he didnt like Brian. (not Tom told (that) he...)

Also: you cant say Tom told about his trip to Mexico. You have to say: Tom told us (or me/them/Ann, etc)b about this trip to Mexico

If you dont say who he told, you have to say: Tom talked (or spoke) about this trip to Mexico. (But not said about)

c. We also use the infinitive (to do/to say, etc.). in reported speech, especially with tell and ask (for orders and request): direct Reported Direct Reported Direct Reported Direct Reported stay in bed for a few days, the doctor said to me. the doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days dont shout, I say to Jim I told Jim not to shout please dont tell anyone what happened, Ann sad to me Ann asked me not to tell anyone whet (had) happened can you open the door for me, Tom? Ann asked. Ann asked Tom to open the door for her.

Said is also possible whit the infinitive: The doctor said to stay in bed for a few days. (but not said me) Question (1) A we also make question by changing the word order: we put the auxiliary verb (AV) before the subject (S): S + AV It You Tom is can has : is : can : has AV + S it? you? It is raining ? When can you come and see us ?

Tom? Where has Tom gone ?

We make question with the verb be in the same way: They were : were they? Were they surprised?

B in the simple present question use do/does: Do you like music? (not like you) do you have a light?

Where does Jack live? (not where lives Jack)

In simple past questions use did : When did they get married? (not when got they) Why did Ann sell her car? (not why sold Ann) d id you have a good time?

But be careful whit who/what/which question. If who/what/which is the subject of the sentence, do not use do/does/did. Compare: Who is the object Ann telephoned someone telephoned Ann Who did Ann telephoned? Ann? who is the subject someone who telephoned

In these example who/what/which is the subject: who wants something two eat? (not who does want) who invented the steam engine? (not who did event) what happened to you last night? (not what did happen) which switch operate this machine? (not which switch does operate)

c we use negative question especially?: to show surprise: didnt you hear the bell? I rang it four time

in exclamations: doesnt that dress look nice! (=that dress looks nice)

when we expect the listener to agree whit us: havent we met somewhere before? yes, I think we have.

Notice the meaning of yes and no in answers to negative questions: didnt have pass his exams? -yes. (= yes, he passed them.) -no. (= no, he didnt pass them)

Note the word order in negative question with why.? Why didnt you lock the door? (not why you didnt lock) Why dont we go out to eat? ( not we dont go) Why cant you help me? Not why you cant help me?) Why want Mary invited to the party? (not why Mary wasnt)

Question (2) (do you know where?/ he asked me were .) a when we ask people for information, we sometimes begin our question whit do you know? Or could you tell me? If you begin a question in this way, the word order is different from the word order in a sample question:

compare:

where has Tom gone?

(Simple question)

do you know where Tom has gone?

When the question (where has to gone) is part of a bigger sentence (do you know) It loses the normal question word order. Compare: When will Ann arrive? What time is it? Why are you laughing? Do you have any idea when Ann will arrive? Could you tell me what time it is? Tell us why you are laughing

Be careful whit do/does/did questions: When does the movie begin? Why did Ann leave early? Do you know when the movie begins I wonder why Ann left early

Use if or whether when there is no other question word: Did he see you? Do you know if (or whether) he saw you?

b the same change in word order happen in reported questions: direct reported direct reported the police officer said to us, where are you going? the police officer asked us, where we were going? Tom said. wham at time do the banks close? Tom wanted to know what time the banks closed

in reported question the verb usually changes to the past (were, closed). For more information about this see unit 45.

Now study these examples. Here are some questions you were asked you: She asked (me) if I was presently employed She asked whether (or if) I had a drivers license She wanted to know whether (or if) I could type She wanted to know how long I had been working in my present job She asked (me) what I did in my spare time She asked (me) why I had applied for the job. (or why I applied)

Exercises 5 : A salesman is talking with a middle-aged man and his wife. Fill in the blanks with suitable expression. S H W S W S H : I think you ll love this little car : Well, its a nice looking car...........................it, Milly? : Yes, I do. But I ...........prefer an to a stick, to tell you the truth. : Of course, you can have it with an automatic, if thats what you.............have. Would ..............to test-drive it? : Id like to have my husband test- drive it first. : Sure. Sir, ........................like to test-drive it? : Yes, I would, Cmon, Milly, lets go for a ride.

Exercise 6 Situation : You are in the restaurant them asking your friend to choose the food that Order he/she likes.

: Read the situation above. Discuss it in pair and practice in front of the class.

Puzzle it out 2 Whos who at the party ? Read through the sentences below, then see if you can work out the names of the people at the party.

Mr. Graham has fair hair. Mr. Colins is talking to Mrs. Jones. Mr. Jones wife is not weaning a striped dress. Father Browne is a priest. Mr. Collins is talking to Mr. Gibson. The man with father Brown is married to the woman with dark hair. Mr. Gibson has his back to Mr. Graham. Mr. Collins has long, blonde hair. The husband of the woman is the striped dress is smoking pipe.

Number 1 is ........................................ Number 2 is ........................................ Number 3 is ....................................... Number 4 is ........................................ Number 5 is ........................................ Number 6 is ........................................ Number 7 is ........................................ Number 8 is ........................................

TUGAS MATA KULIAH BAHASA INGGRIS The wonderful influence of weather

Disususn Oleh : Kelompok 6

1. Mumus Muslihatul Wafiroh 2. Sundari Pratami

201141500229 201141500228

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI FAKULTAS TEKNIK MATEMATIKA DAN IPA UNIVERSITAS INDRA PRASTA PGRI 2011

6. make negative question. Each time you are surprised Example : we wont see Ann this evening. oh! (she/not/come to the party tonight?) .isnt she coming to the party to night?..... 1. I hope we dont meet Brian to night. why? (you/not/like him?) Isnt she like him 2. Ill have to borrow some money. why? (you/not/have/any?) Isnt she have any 3. dont go and see that movie. why? (it/not/be/good)? Isnt it good 7. make negative questions with why...? Example: ( I didnt lock the door).. why didnt you lock the door.? ( Mary wasnt invited to the party)why wasnt Mary invited to the party? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (I dont like George) why dont you like George? ( Jim wasnt at work today?) why wasnt Jim at work today? (Im not ready yet) why dont you ready yet? (Sue doesnt eat fruit) why doesnt Sue eat fruit? (Maria cant come to the meeting) why cant Maria come to the meeting

8. complete the sentence below Example: where has Tom gone? Do you know..where Tom has gone,? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Where does Jack live? Do you have any idea where Jack does live? What time did he leave? Do you know what he did leave? Where can I change some money? Could you tell me where I can change some money What qualification do I need? I want to know what I do need Why didnt Mary come to the party? I dont know why Mary didnt come to the party How much does it cost to park here? Do you know how does much it cost to the park here