abstract 1.In telecommunications, 4g is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standa rds.

It is a successor of the 3G and 2G families of standards 2. A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-internet p rotocol (IP) 3. 4G supports Mobile multi media, Any time any where, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless solution , Customized personal services. introduction 1.The major driver to change in the mobile area in the last ten years has been the massive enabling implications of digital technology, both in digital signal processing and in service provision. 2.The equivalent driver now, and in the next five years, will be the all perva siveness of software in both networks and terminals. history 1. The development from first generation analogue systems (1985) to second gene ration (2G) digital GSM (1992) was the heart of the digital revolution. 2.Third generation (3G) systems were standardised in 1999. These include IMT-2 000 (International Mobile Telecommunications 2000), which was standardised withi n ITU-R and includes the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) 3. The next section explain the limitations of 3G systems and derive the driver s for 4G. 1G 1.Introduced in the early 1980s and completed in early 1990s. 2.Analog signals with the speed up to 2.4kbps 3.Voice was main traffic 2G 1.Late 1980s and finished in 2000s 2.Digital signal with up to 64kbps 3.Voice transmission and SMS 3G 1. Late 1990s to late 2000s 2. Transmission speed from 125kbps to 2Mbps 3.Based on either circuit switching or packet switching 4G Mobile multimedia, Any time any where, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless solution, Customized personal services. limitations of 3G 1. Thus 3G will provide a significant step in the evolution of mobile personal communications. 2. There are limitations with 3G as follows: 3.Extension to higher data rates is difficult with CDMA due to excessive inter ference between services. 4.It is difficult to provide a full range of multirate services, all with diff erent QoS and performance requirements due to the constraints imposed on the cor e network by the air interface standard. For example, it is not a fully integrat

ed system. keydrivers of 4g 1.a multitude of diverse devices (distributed, embedded, wearable, pervasive) 2.predominance of machine-to-machine communications 3.location-dependent and e-business applications 4.the extension of IF protocols to mobility and range of QoS 5. privacy and security 4G VISIONS MAPPING TO RESEARCH TOPICS 1.Fully converged services: The user will have access to a wider range of services and applications, avail able conveniently, securely 2.Ubiquitous mobile access: The dominant mode of access to this pool of content will be mobile, accounting for all voice communications research challenges 1.Analysis of the underlying technical challenges raised by the above vision a nd its five elements has produced three research areas: 2.Networks and services, 3.Software based systems, 4. Wireless access. 5.These form the basis of the Mobile VCE Phase 2 research programme. networks and services 1.4G will extend the scenario to an all-IP network that integrates broadcast, cellular, cordless, WLAN (wireless local area network) 2.a network can exist in a stand-alone form or be connected to a larger intern et. 3.A vertical view of this 4G vision shows the layered structure of hierarchica l cells that facilitates optimisation for different applications software system 1.The killer application for 4G is likely to be the personal mobile assistant (P MA)in effect the software complement to the personal area network. 2.Distributed management tools, in a complementary way, will allow a certain l evel of monitoring (including collection of data for analysis), control and trou bleshooting 3.The aim of the research in this area is to develop tools that can be used in 4G software systems. wireless access 1.the spectrum constraints and the requirement to operate at varying and much higher bit rates and in a packet mode. Thus the drivers are: 2.Adaptive reconfigurability algorithms 3.Spectral efficiency air interface design and allocation of bandwidth 4.Environment coverage all pervasive 5.Software for the radio and the network access

6.Technology embedded/wearable/low-power/highcommunication time/displays. conclusion 1.The 4G Vision is a living document which intends to update and amend as time and knowledge progress. 2. It will act as the umbrella vision to a large research programme and place in context the detailed research work that will take place in the various areas. 3.In this respect it will help to continuously steer the research as it progre sses and, therefore, to make it more relevant and beneficial. references http://www.mobilevce.com http://www.ist-wsi.org http://www.foresight. gov.uk B. G. Evans and K. Baughan, "Visions of4G," Electronics and Communication