DNVs Hull Structure course for World Wide Shipping

9 - Hull Structure cargo area Transverse Bulkhead

Hull Structural Breakdown Transverse bulkhead

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

4.

Transverse bulkhead

Side Bottom Deck Transverse bulkhead Longitudinal bulkhead Webframes

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Structural build up of transverse bulkhead

4.

Transverse bulkhead

Transverse bulkhead plating w/stiffeners

Stringers

Buttress
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Structural functions
Watertight integrity - Resist internal pressure from cargo and ballast (cargo boundary)

4.

Transverse bulkhead

- Safety against collapse if water ingress (boundary for flooding) Hull girder stiffness - Transverse bulkhead is an important contributor to the hull girder transverse stiffness

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Functions of transverse bulkhead

The transverse bulkhead must withstand internal pressure loads from cargo and ballast The distribution of cargo and ballast introduces alternate loading on sections of the transverse bulkheads (single skin tanker)

4.

Transverse bulkhead

Typical fully loaded condition (single skin)

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Typical ballast condition (single skin)

Function: tank boundary

Stringer

4.

Transverse bulkhead

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Stiffener

Function: tank boundary

4.

Transverse bulkhead

One sided loading on the transverse bulkhead introduces stresses in the transverse bulkhead as a panel Bulkhead will flex out and high stresses occur at end connections towards deck and bottom
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Function: transverse stiffness

4.

Transverse bulkhead

Transverse bulkheads are an important contributor to the hull girder transverse stiffness

Sea pressure

Transverse stiffness

Sea pressure

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Characteristic damages

4.

Transverse bulkhead

1. Stringer toes cracking 2. Bottom longitudinal bracket connection to transverse bulkhead - cracks 3. Cracking of transverse bulkhead stiffeners connection to stringers

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Cracking in stringer toe

Cracks in stringer toes and heel

4.

Transverse bulkhead

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Cause for cracking in stringer toe

Compression/tension stresses from one sided loading

4.

Transverse bulkhead

Full cargo tank

Sea pressure

Full cargo tank

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Very high alternating bending stresses in stringer toe

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Cracks in stringer

4.

Transverse bulkhead

Crack Stringer flange

Longitudinal bulkhead

Stringer web

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May cause contamination of ballast water and small oil spills

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Characteristic damages

4.

Transverse bulkhead

1. Stringer toes cracking 2. Bottom longitudinal bracket connection to transverse bulkhead - cracks 3. Cracking of transverse bulkhead stiffeners connection to stringers

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Cracks in bottom longitudinals

4.

Transverse bulkhead

17.

Cracks in toe of transverse bulkhead bracket ending at bottom longitudinals (wing tanks, midship area)
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Cause - cracks in bottom brackets

4.

Transverse bulkhead

Crack in bracket toe (hot spot)

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One sided loading at the transverse bulkhead induce high local alternating bending stresses at the bracket toe

Double btm at transverse bulkhead

4.

Transverse bulkhead

Similarily, one sided alternate loading at the transverse bulkhead also induces high stresses for a double bottom structure

Modern designs have no longitudinal girders in double bottom giving large relative deflection

Critical areas
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Characteristic damages

4.

Transverse bulkhead

1. Stringer toes cracking 2. Bottom longitudinal bracket connection to transverse bulkhead - cracks 3. Cracking of transverse bulkhead stiffeners connection to stringers

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Crack in transverse bulkhead stiffeners connection to stringers

4.

Transverse bulkhead

Connection of stringer to transverse bulkhead with associated brackets

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Cause for cracking in transverse bulkhead stiffeners

4.

Transverse bulkhead

One sided internal loading from cargo and ballast sets up a shear stress distribution in the bulkhead stiffener

Highly stressed areas are created around geometric hard points at stiffener end connections to the stringer

-may cause ballast water contamination and possible oil spills

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4.

Transverse bulkhead

Questions ?

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