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Khoa ien ien T.

Ky thuat mach ien T I


-1- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -1-
BAI GIANG TOM TAT MON: BAI GIANG TOM TAT MON: BAI GIANG TOM TAT MON: BAI GIANG TOM TAT MON: IEN T I
Ngi soan: TS. Pham Hong Lien.
Giao trnh chnh: Mach ien T 1 Le Tien Thng, HBK Tp.HCM.
Chng 1: Diode ban dan. Chng 1: Diode ban dan. Chng 1: Diode ban dan. Chng 1: Diode ban dan.
I. I. I. I. Diode chnh lu: Diode chnh lu: Diode chnh lu: Diode chnh lu:
1 11 1- -- - Quan he gia ien ap va dong ien cua Diode (H2 Quan he gia ien ap va dong ien cua Diode (H2 Quan he gia ien ap va dong ien cua Diode (H2 Quan he gia ien ap va dong ien cua Diode (H2- -- -1): 1): 1): 1):

(

\
|
= 1
nKT
qV
exp I i
D
0 D
(1-1)
i
D
: Dong ien trong Diode (A).
V
D
: Hieu ien the hai au Diode (V).
I
0
: Dong ien bao hoa ngc (A).
q : ien tch electron 1,6.10
-19
J/V.
K : Hang so Bolzman 1,38.10
-23
J/
0
K.
N : Hang so co gia tr trong khoang (12) phu thuoc vao loai ban dan.
Goi ien the nhiet:
q
KT
V
T
= (1-2)
T (1-1) ta co:

|
|

\
|

|
|

\
|
=
T
D
0
T
D
0 D
nV
V
exp I 1
nV
V
exp I i (1-3)
nhiet o T=300
0
K, tng ng T=27
0
C, ta co V
T
2526mV. Khi o ien tr
ong cua Diode c tnh bi phng trnh:
) (
i
nV
I i
nV
r
D
T
C D
T
d
=
+
= (1-4)
ac tuyen Volt-Ampere cua Diode tren (H2-2)
Kieu mau mach tng ng cua Diode tren (H2-3a,b,c).
2 22 2- -- - Phng trnh ng tai cua Diode (H2 Phng trnh ng tai cua Diode (H2 Phng trnh ng tai cua Diode (H2 Phng trnh ng tai cua Diode (H2- -- -5). 5). 5). 5).
Phng trnh ng tai mot chieu cua Diode (DCLL)
1 D D S
R I V V + = (1-5)
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-2- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -2-
Phng trnh ng tai xoay chieu cua Diode (ACLL)
) R // R ( i v v
L 1 d d s
+ = (1-6)
T (1-5) va (1-6) tren he toa o tong quat ta co:

DQ d D DQ d D
I i i & V v v + = + = (1-7)
Vi:
V
D
va i
D
la thanh phan tc thi cua ien ap va dong ien.
V
DQ
va I
DQ
la cac gia tr mot chieu cua ien ap va dong ien.
v
d
va i
d
la cac gia tr xoay chieu cua ien ap va dong ien.
Vay phng trnh ng tai xoay chieu ACLL trong he toa o tong quat se
la:

s DQ D L 1 DQ D
v ) I i )( R // R ( V v + = (1-8)
3 33 3- -- - Chnh lu ien ap xoay chieu: Chnh lu ien ap xoay chieu: Chnh lu ien ap xoay chieu: Chnh lu ien ap xoay chieu:
a- Chnh lu ban song: (H2-6)
ien ap au vao: t sin v v
max s
=
ien ap trung bnh DC tren tai:

=
+
=
max L
L S
L max
DC
V
R R
R V
V (1-9)
b- Chnh lu toan song: (H2-8a,b,c)
ien ap trung bnh Dc tren tai:

=
max L
DC
V 2
V (1-10)
4 44 4- -- - Mach loc: Mach loc: Mach loc: Mach loc: (H2 (H2 (H2 (H2- -- -9a,b) 9a,b) 9a,b) 9a,b)
Khi co tu C mac song song vi R
L
trong cac mach chnh lu ta co quan he
gia ien ap trung bnh tren tai vi bien o ien ap au vao va ien tr R
L
va tu
ien C nh sau:

max
L
L DC
max DC
V
1 C fR 4
C fR 4
fC 4
I
V V
|
|

\
|
+
= = (1-11)
5 55 5- -- - Mach nhan oi ien ap: Mach nhan oi ien ap: Mach nhan oi ien ap: Mach nhan oi ien ap: (H2 (H2 (H2 (H2- -- -11a,b) 11a,b) 11a,b) 11a,b)
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-3- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -3-
ien ap ra gan gap oi ien ap vao.
II. II. II. II. Diode on ap Zener: Diode on ap Zener: Diode on ap Zener: Diode on ap Zener:
1 11 1- -- - Cac tham so c ban cua diode Zener Cac tham so c ban cua diode Zener Cac tham so c ban cua diode Zener Cac tham so c ban cua diode Zener: :: : (H3 (H3 (H3 (H3- -- -1) 1) 1) 1)
ien ap on nh V
Z
khi dong ien qua zener thay oi trong khoang I
zmin

I
zmax
. Thc te
max z min z
I
10
1
I . (1-12)
ien tr ong tai iem lam viec.

dI
dV
r
Z
d
= (1-13)
Diode Zener ly tng c coi co r
d
0.
ien tr tnh:
Z
Z
t
I
V
R = (1-14)
He so on nh:

d
t
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z Z
Z Z
r
R
I
V
dV
dI
V / dV
I / dI
S = = = (1-15)
2 22 2- -- - Mach on ap dung Diode Zener: Mach on ap dung Diode Zener: Mach on ap dung Diode Zener: Mach on ap dung Diode Zener: (H3 (H3 (H3 (H3- -- -2) 2) 2) 2)
Mach tren hnh 3-2 luon thoa man he phng trnh:

+ =
+ =
Z i R S
L Z R
V R I V
I I I
(1-16, 1-17)
Trong o ch co V
Z
const, con cac ai lng khac co the bien oi nhng
phai thoa man ieu kien:
I
Zmin
khi I
Lmax
va V
Smin

I
Zmax
khi I
Lmin
va V
Smax

T (1-16) va (1-17) tuy tng trng hp cu the ma ta co the suy ra cac he
phng trnh khac nhau.
V du neu R
i
= const th ta co he phng trnh:
(V
Smin
V
Z
)(I
Lmin
+ I
Zmax
) = (V
Smax
V
Z
)(I
Lmax
I
Zmin
) (1-18)
V du neu R
i
=const va R
L
= const ngha la I
L
= const th ta co he phng
trnh:
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-4- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -4-
V
Smin
= (I
Zmin
+ I
L
)R
i
+ V
Z
= I
min
R
i
+ V
Z
(1-19)
V
Smax
= (I
Zmax
+ I
L
)R
i
+ V
Z
= I
max
R
i
+ V
Z
(1-20)
Chu y v V
L
= V
Z
const nen khi I
L
thay oi ta co:

max L
Z
min L
I
V
R = (1-21)

min L
Z
max L
I
V
R = (1-22)
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-5- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -5-
Chng II: Transistor hai lp tiep giap (BJT) Chng II: Transistor hai lp tiep giap (BJT) Chng II: Transistor hai lp tiep giap (BJT) Chng II: Transistor hai lp tiep giap (BJT)
che o tn hieu ln. che o tn hieu ln. che o tn hieu ln. che o tn hieu ln.
I. I. I. I. Cac tham so c ban cua Transistor. Cac tham so c ban cua Transistor. Cac tham so c ban cua Transistor. Cac tham so c ban cua Transistor. (H2 (H2 (H2 (H2- -- -1) 1) 1) 1)
+ He so truyen at dong ien phat khi mac Base chung



Thong thng = 0,95 0,99, ly tng = 1.
+ He so truyen at dong ien khi mac Emitter chung:

=
1
(vai chuc vai tram lan).
+ Dong ien ra cc Collector:
I
C
= I
E
+ I
CBO
(2-1)
Trong o I
CBO
la dong ien phan cc ngc hay con goi la dong nhiet,
thng rat nho.
+ I
E
= I
C
+ I
B
(2-2)
suy ra I
B
= (1-)I
E
I
CBO
(2-3)

=
|

\
|


=
C
CBO
C
CBO C B
I
I
I
I I
1
I (2-4)
tan so thap (H2-1) ta co: h
fe
= = h
FE
(2-5)
II. II. II. II. Mach phan cc cho Transistor: Mach phan cc cho Transistor: Mach phan cc cho Transistor: Mach phan cc cho Transistor:
1 11 1- -- - Mach phan cc Collector: Mach phan cc Collector: Mach phan cc Collector: Mach phan cc Collector:

Ta co phng trnh tai mot chieu:
V
CC
= V
CEQ
+ I
CQ
R
C
+ I
EQ
R
E

V
CEQ
+ I
CQ
(R
C
+ R
E
) (2-6)
So lng ien t ti c Collector
So lng ien t phat i t cc Emitter
=
V
CEQ
+

-

R
E

I
CQ
+V
CC

R
C


Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-6- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -6-

CQ
CEQ CC
E C
I
V V
R R

= + (2-7)
R
E
thng c tnh theo cong thc thc nghiem:

CQ
CC
EQ
RE
E
I
V ) 3 , 0 1 , 0 (
I
V
R

= (2-8)
Thay vao (2-7) de dang tnh c R
C
.
Neu R
E
= 0 t (2-7) ta co:
CQ
CEQ CC
C
I
V V
R

= (2-7)
2 22 2- -- - Mach phan cc Base: Mach phan cc Base: Mach phan cc Base: Mach phan cc Base:
a- Mach nh dong Base:
Ta co: R
b
I
BQ
+ V
BE
+ I
EQ
R
E
= V
CC
(2-8)
V
BE
la ien ap m cua Transistor, con ky hieu la V


nh H2-2 chng 1. V
BESi
0,7v va V
BEGe
0,2v. Ngay
nay chu yeu dung Transistor Silic nen t (2-8) ta co :

CC E EQ
EQ
b
V R I 7 , 0
1
I
R = + +
+

Suy ra:
1
R
R
V
1
R
R
7 , 0 V
I
b
E
CC
b
E
CC
EQ
+
+

+
+

= v V
CC
>>0,7v (2-9)
Phng phap nay t c dung do dong I
BQ
phu thuoc nhieu vao nhiet o.
Phng phap nay ch c dung oi vi mach mac Collector chung e nang cao tr
khang vao.
b- Mach nh ap Base: (H2-3)





I
BQ
R
b

I
CQ
+V
CC

R
C

R
E

i
i

R
b

I
BQ
I
EQ
V
CC

R
L

R
E

V
BB

R
2


I
BQ
I
1
+V
CC

R
C

R
E

I
2
R
1


Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-7- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -7-
Ta co:
CC
2 1
1
BB
V
R R
R
V
+
= (2-10)
2 1
2 1
b
R R
R R
R
+
= (2-11)
BB CC
CC
b
CC
BB
b 1
V V
V
R
V
V
1
1
R R

= (2-12)
BB
CC
b 2
V
V
R R = (2-13)
Phng trnh tai DC: V
CC
= V
CEQ
+ I
CQ
(R
C
+ R
E
) (2-14)
Ap dung nh luat KII ta co: V
kn
= 0, suy ra:
BB E EQ BE BQ b
V R I V I R = + + (2-15)

+
+

=
1
R
R
7 , 0 V
I I
b
E
BB
EQ CQ
coi V
BE
= 0,7v (2-16)
Thay vao (2-14) ta tnh c V
CEQ
.
Thong thng khi thiet ke ta thng chon R
E
>> (1-)R
b
e on nh dong I
EQ
.
V vay neu cha biet R
b
ta thng chon:

E E b
R
10
1
R ) 1 (
10
1
R + = (2-17)
Phng phap phan cc Base nay hay c dung nhat.
c- Mach nh dong Emitter:
Ap dung nh luat KII V
kn
= 0 ta co:

EE E EQ BE BQ b
V R I V I R = + + (2-18)
Suy ra:

1
R
R
7 , 0 V
I
b
E
EE
EQ
+
+

= vi V
BE
= 0,7v (2-19)

R
b

I
BQ
+V
CC

R
C

R
E

-V
EE

I
EQ
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-8- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -8-
Phng trnh tai DC trong trng hp nay se la:
V
CC
+ V
EE
= V
CEQ
+ I
CQ
(R
C
+ R
E
) (2-20)
Phng phap phan cc Base nay ch c dung khi mach yeu cau chat lng
cao nh mach khuech ai vi sai, mach khuech ai thuat toan (KTT) v no phai ton
them mot nguon cung cap.
III. III. III. III. Giai tch mach Transist Giai tch mach Transist Giai tch mach Transist Giai tch mach Transistor bang o th: or bang o th: or bang o th: or bang o th:
1 11 1- -- - Bo khuech ai mac Emitter chung: Bo khuech ai mac Emitter chung: Bo khuech ai mac Emitter chung: Bo khuech ai mac Emitter chung:
Ta co the chia thanh 4 loai mach c ban nh sau:
a- Khong co C
E
, khong co C
C
: (H2-3)
Bo khuech ai co the c thiet ke che o toi u (song ra tot nhat) hoac
che o bat ky.
Che o toi u: Che o toi u: Che o toi u: Che o toi u: Thiet ke sao cho song ra ln nhat va khong b meo (I
cmmax

hoac V
Lmax
), thng cha biet cac ien tr phan cc R
1
, R
2
.
T o th (H3-2), ta thay song ra se ln nhat khi:

AC DC
CC
CQT max cm
R R
V
I I
+
= = (2-21)

AC T CQ T CE max cm
R I V V = = (2-22)
Vi s o (H3-1) ta co: R
AC
= R
DC
= R
C
+ R
E
nen t (2-21) va (2-22) ta suy ra:
) R R ( 2
V
I
E C
CC
T CQ
+
= (2-23)
2
V
V
CC
T CEQ
= (2-24)
Che obat ky: Che obat ky: Che obat ky: Che obat ky: Thng cho trc R
1
, R
2
hoac V
CEQ
hoac I
CQ
. Ap dung cac
cong thc (2-10, 11, 14, 16) se xac nh c (I
CQ
, V
CEQ
)
Neu I
CQ
< I
CQT
th I
cm
= I
CQ
.
Neu I
CQ
> I
CQT
th I
cm
= i
CQmax
I
CQ
.
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-9- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -9-
b- Co C
E
, khong co C
C
(Tu Bypass Emitter) (H2-5)
Che o t Che o t Che o t Che o toi u: oi u: oi u: oi u:
R
DC
= R
C
+ R
E
va R
AC
= R
C
thay vao (2-21) ta c:
E C
CC
AC DC
CC
T
CQ max cm
R R 2
V
R R
V
I I
+
=
+
= = (2-25)
C
E
CC
E C
C CC
AC T CQ T CEQ max cm
R
R
2
V
R R 2
R V
R I V V
+
=
+
= = = (2-26)
Che o bat ky: Che o bat ky: Che o bat ky: Che o bat ky: c tnh toan theo cac cong thc (2-10, 11, 14, 16) va ac
tuyen tai AC c ve nh sau:










( )
CEQ CE
AC
CQ C
V v
R
1
I i = (2-27)
Cho V
CEQ
= 0
AC
CEQ
CQ max C
R
V
I i + = (2-28)
Cho i
C
= 0 v
CEmax
= V
CEQ
+ I
CQ
R
AC
(2-29)
Phng trnh (2-28) va (2-29) e xac nh i
Cmax
va v
CEmax
trong cac trng hp
iem tnh Q bat ky
Q
2
V
CE
(V)
i
C
(mA)
i
Cmax1


AC DC
CC
R R
V
+

|
|

\
|

AC
T
R
1
ACLL
0


I
CQT

|
|

\
|

DC
R
1
DCLL
Q
1
Q
T
i
Cmax2


V
CET

V
CEmax1
V
CC
V
CEmax2
2I
CQT
2V
CET
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-10- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -10-
c- Khong co C
E
, co C
C:

Che o toi u: Che o toi u: Che o toi u: Che o toi u:
E C DC
R R R + =
L C
L C
E AC
R R
R R
R R
+
+ =


Thay vao (2-21) ta c:
L C
L C
E C
CC
T CQ max Cm
R R
R R
R 2 R
V
I I
+
+ +
= = (2-30)
AC T CQ T CE max CE
R I V V = = (2-31)
L C
L C
E C
CC
L C
C
max Cm
L C
C
max Lm
R R
R R
R 2 R
V
R R
R
I
R R
R
I
+
+ +
+
=
+
= (2-32)
L C
L C
E C
CC
L C
L C
L max Lm max Lm
R R
R R
R 2 R
V
R R
R R
R I V
+
+ +
+
= = (2-33)
Che o bat ky nh tren nhng chu y:
I
CQ
< I
CQT
: I
Cm
= I
CQ
.
I
CQ
> I
CQT
: I
Cm
= i
Cmax
I
CQ
.

Cm
L C
C
Lm
I
R R
R
I
+
= (2-34)
V
Lm
= I
Lm
R
L
. (2-35)
d- Co C
E
, co C
c
: (tu ghep vo han) (H2-6)
E C DC
R R R + =
L C
L C
AC
R R
R R
R
+
=
C
C

R
L


i
i

i
L
V
BB

R
b

+V
CC

R
C

R
E

Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-11- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -11-
thay vao (2-21) ta c:
L C
L C
E C
CC
T CQ max Cm
R R
R R
R R
V
I I
+
+ +
= = (2-36)
L C
L C
L C
L C
E C
CC
T CEQ max Cm
R R
R R
R R
R R
R R
V
V V
+

+
+ +
= = (2-37)
L C
L C
E C
CC
L C
C
max Cm
L C
C
max Lm
R R
R R
R R
V
R R
R
I
R R
R
I
+
+ +

+
=
+
= (2-38)
L C
L C
E C
CC
L C
L C
L max Lm max Lm
R R
R R
R R
V
R R
R R
R I V
+
+ +
+
= = (2-39)
Che o bat ky xac nh nh tren.
So sanh 4 trng hp tren ta nhan thay tac dung cua cac tu C
E
va C
C
la lam
tang bien o dong ien ra va ien ap ra (so sanh cac cong thc (2-21), (2-25), (2-30)
va (2-36)).
e- Tnh toan cong suat:
Cong suat nguon cung cap:
P
CC
= V
CC
I
CQ
(2-40)
Cong suat trung bnh tieu tan tren tai:
L
2
Lm
L
2
Lm L
R
V
2
1
P I
2
1
P = = (2-41)
che o toi u: I
Cmmax
= I
CQT
nen oi vi trng hp a va b ta
co:
C
2
T CQ C
2
max Cm max L
R I
2
1
R I
2
1
P = = v R
L
= R
C
(2-42)
Con oi vi trng hp c va d th do R
C
R
L
nen ta co:
L
2
max Lm max L
R I
2
1
P = (2-43)
Cong suat tieu tan tren Collector:
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-12- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -12-
2
I
R I ) R R ( P P
2
Cm
AC
2
CQ E C CC C
+ = (2-44)
Hieu suat:
CC
L
P
P
= (2-45)
CC
max L
max
P
P
= (2-46)
che o lp A hieu suat cc ai % 25
max
=
He so pham chat: 2
P
P
max L
max C
= (2-47)
2 22 2- -- - Bo Bo Bo Bo khuech ai mac Collector chung: khuech ai mac Collector chung: khuech ai mac Collector chung: khuech ai mac Collector chung:





Che o toi u: Che o toi u: Che o toi u: Che o toi u:
Trong ca 3 hnh neu khong co C
C
ta co:
E C DC
R R R + =
L E
L E
C AC
R R
R R
R R
+
+ =
thay vao cong thc (2-21), (2-22) ta se co:
L E
L E
E C
CC
T CQ max Em
R R
R R
R R 2
V
I I
+
+ +
= (2-48)
|
|

\
|
+
+
+
+ +
= =
L E
L E
C
L E
L E
E C
CC
AC T CQ T CEQ
R R
R R
R
R R
R R
R R 2
V
R I V (2-49)
V
L
R
2


C
C

C
E

R
L


+V
CC

R
C

R
E

R
1


-V
EE

V
L
R
b


C
C

C
E

R
L


+V
CC

R
C

R
E

V
L
R
b


C
C

C
E

R
L


+V
CC

R
C

R
E

Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-13- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -13-
Trong ca 3 hnh neu co C
C
ta co:
E C DC
R R R + =
L E
L E
AC
R R
R R
R
+
=
thay vao cong thc (2-21), (2-22) ta se co:
L E
L E
E C
CC
T CQ max Em
R R
R R
R R
V
I I
+
+ +
= (2-50)
|
|

\
|
+

+
+ +
= =
L E
L E
L E
L E
E C
CC
AC T CQ T CEQ
R R
R R
R R
R R
R R
V
R I V (2-51)
Ta luon co:
max Cm
L E
E
max Lm
I
R R
R
I
+
= (2-52)
L E
L E
max Cm L max Lm max Lm
R R
R R
I R I V
+
= = (2-53)
Che o bat ky: Che o bat ky: Che o bat ky: Che o bat ky: Tnh theo cac cong thc c xay dng trong phan mach
phan cc cho Transistor.
ac tuyen tai mot chieu DCLL va ac tuyen tai xoay chieu ACLL
c ve tng t nh trong mach khuech ai Emitter Common.
3 33 3- -- - Bo khuech ai mac Base chung: Bo khuech ai mac Base chung: Bo khuech ai mac Base chung: Bo khuech ai mac Base chung:



Che o toi u:
C DC
R R =
L C
L C
AC
R R
R R
R
+
=
Thay vao (2-21), (2-22) ta c:
V
i
+

-

R
i


V
L
R
1


C
C

R
L


+V
CC

R
C

R
2

C
b

Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-14- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -14-
L C
L C
C
CC
T CQ max Cm
R R
R R
R
V
I I
+
+
= = (2-54)
|
|

\
|
+

+
+
= = =
L C
L C
L C
L C
C
CC
AC T CQ T CEQ max Cm
R R
R R
R R
R R
R
V
R I V V (2-55)
max Cm
L C
C
max Lm
I
R R
R
I
+
= (2-56)
L max Lm max Lm
R I V = (2-57)
Che o bat ky: c tnh trc tiep t mach
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-15- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -15-
Chng III: Chng III: Chng III: Chng III: On nh phan cc cho Transistor BJT On nh phan cc cho Transistor BJT On nh phan cc cho Transistor BJT On nh phan cc cho Transistor BJT
Chng nay nham nghien cu s dch chuyen iem Q theo I
CBO
, V
BE
khi thay
oi nhiet o va theo khi b lao hoa. Coi gan ung cac ai lng V
CC
, V
BB
khong
thay oi.
Neu s thay oi I
CBO
, V
BE
va la nho th bien xet I
CQ
se la ham tuyen tnh
theo cac bien khac.
I
CQ
= I
CQ
(I
CBO
, V
BE
, ) (3-1)
Tha so on nh dong ien:
E
b
CBO
CQ
I
R
R
1
I
I
S +

= (3-2)
Tha so on nh ien ap:
E BE
CQ
V
R
1
V
I
S

= (3-3)
Tha so on nh he so khuech ai:
( )
(

+ +
+
|
|

\
|

E 2 b
E b
1
1 CQ CQ
R 1 R
R R
I I
S (3-4)
Vi
1 CQ 2 CQ CQ 1 2
I I I & = = (3-5)
Khi o s thay oi cua I
CQ
se c tnh bang cong thc:
+ + =

S V S I S I
E V CBO I CQ

( )

+ +
+

+
|
|

\
|
+ =
E 2 b
E b
1
1 CQ
BE
E
CBO
E
b
R 1 R
R R I
V
R
1
I
R
R
1 (3-6)
Chu y V
BE
thng co gia tr am.





Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-16- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -16-
Chng IV. Thiet ke va phan tch tn hieu nho tan so thap. Chng IV. Thiet ke va phan tch tn hieu nho tan so thap. Chng IV. Thiet ke va phan tch tn hieu nho tan so thap. Chng IV. Thiet ke va phan tch tn hieu nho tan so thap.
I. Cac thong so Hybrid: Cac thong so Hybrid: Cac thong so Hybrid: Cac thong so Hybrid:
Tr khang vao khi ngan mach tai:
0 v i
v
h
2 1
1
i
=
=
o li ien ap ngc khi h mach nguon:
0 i v
v
h
1 2
1
r
=
=
o li dong ien thuan khi ngan mach tai:
0 v i
i
h
2 1
2
f
=
=
Tong dan ngo ra khi h mach nguon:
0 i v
i
h
1 2
2
o
=
=
ng vi cac cach mac khac nhau EC, BC hay CC ma ch th hai c ch
nh. V du: h
ie
, h
ib
, h
ic
, ...
II. Cach mac Emitter chung: Cach mac Emitter chung: Cach mac Emitter chung: Cach mac Emitter chung:
Tr khang vao khi ngan mach tai:
EQ
T
fe ie
I
V
mh h = (4-1)
Trong o: - V
T
=25mV 300
0
K (27
0
C) (4-2)
- m = 1 2 phu thuoc vao chat ban dan. V du BJT Silic co m = 1,4
khi o:
EQ
T
fe ie
I
V
h 4 , 1 h = (4-3)
* oi vi H4-1a, co mach tng ng rut gon H4-4, ta co:
He so khuech ai dong ien:
( )
b
ie
fe
ie b
b
fe
i
b
b
L
i
L
i
R
h
1
h
h R
R
h
i
i
i
i
i
i
A
+
=
+
= = = (4-4)
Neu h
ie
<< R
b
ta co A
imax
= -h
fe
(4-5)
Tr khang vao:
ie
ie b
ie b
i
h
h R
h R
Z
+
= neu h
ie
<< R
b
(4-6)
Tr khang ra: =
oe
o
h
1
Z v h
oe
= 10
-4
10
-5
(4-7)
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-17- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -17-
* oi vi H4-5, co mach tng ng H4-6 ta co:
He so khuech ai dong ien:
( )
( )
b i
ie
L C
C
fe
ie b i
b i
fe
L C
C
i
b
b
L
i
L
i
R // r
h
1
1
R R
R
h
h R // r
R // r
h
R R
R
i
i
i
i
i
i
A
+
+
=
+
|
|

\
|
+
= = = (4-8)
Neu R
C
>> R
L
& R
b
//r
i
>> h
ie
ta co: A
imax
= -h
fe
(4-9)
Tr khang vao:
ie b i i
h // R // r Z = (4-10)
Tr khang ra:
C C
oe
o
R R //
h
1
Z
|
|

\
|
= (4-11)
* oi vi H4-17 ta co:
He so khuech ai dong ien:
( )
( ) ( )
E fe ie b i
b i
fe
R C
C
i
b
b
L
i
L
i
R h 1 h R // r
R // r
h
R
R
i
i
i
i
i
i
A
L
+ + +
|
|

\
|
= = =
+
(4-12)
Tr khang vao: ( ) [ ]
E fe ie b i i
R h 1 h // R // r Z + + = (4-13)
Tr khang ra:
C o
R Z = (4-14)
S o EC hay c dung nhat do co A
i
, A
v
ln
III. Cach mac Base chung: Cach mac Base chung: Cach mac Base chung: Cach mac Base chung:
T mach H4-9, H4-10, va H4-11 cac tham so cua cach mac Base chung (BC)
co the a ve cac tham so cua cach mac Emitter chung (EC) nh sau:
Tr khang vao khi ngan mach tai:
fe
ie
ib
h 1
h
h
+
= (4-15)
o li dong ien thuan khi ngan mach tai:
fe
fe
fb
h 1
h
h
+
= (4-16)
Tong dan ra khi h mach nguon:
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-18- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -18-
fe
oe
ob
h 1
h
h
+
= (4-17)
Nh vay e tnh cac tham so cua s o B.C ch can biet cac tham so cua
s o E.C. V h
fb
1 nen s o B.C t c dung pham vi tan so tha p,
nhng c dung rat nhieu pham vi tan so cao e giam anh hng cua
cac ien dung ky sinh.
IV. Cach mac Collector chung: Cach mac Collector chung: Cach mac Collector chung: Cach mac Collector chung:
T H4-14 va H4-15 ta co:
V
b
= V
be
+ i
E
R
E
(4-18)
V
be
= i
b
h
ie
(4-19)
V
E
= i
E
R
E
= i
b
(1 + h
fe
)R
E
(4-20)
Suy ra:
V
b
= i
b
h
ie
+ i
b
(1 + h
fe
)R
E
= i
b
[h
ie
+ (1 + h
fe
)R
E
] (4-21)
i
b
b
b
b
E
i
E
v
V
V
V
i
i
V
V
V
A = = (4-22)
E fe
b
E
R ) h 1 (
i
V
+ = (4-23)
E fe ie b
b
R ) h 1 ( h
1
V
i
+ +
= (4-24)
Goi: [ ]
E fe ie b
'
b
R ) h 1 ( h // R R + + = (4-25)
'
b i
'
b
'
b i
i '
b
i i
b
R r
R
R r
V
R
V
1
V
V
+
=
+
= (4-26)
Thay (4-23, 24, 26) vao (2-22) ta c:
'
b i
'
b
E fe ie
E fe
i
E
v
R r
R
R ) h 1 ( h
R ) h 1 (
V
V
A
+ + +
+
= = (4-27)
vi R
b
theo (4-25).
Tr khang vao cua s o H3-7 : Z
i
= h
ie
+ (1 + h
fe
)R
E
(4-28)
T s o H3-8 ta xac nh c tr khang ra:
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-19- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -19-
fe
'
b i
ib
i E
E
o
h 1
R // r
h
0 V i
V
Z
+
+ =
=
= (4-29)
Nh vay e tnh cac tham so cua mach C.C ta cung ch can biet tham so cua
mach E.C. S o C.C co A
v
<< 1 nhng co tr khang vao rat ln, tr khang ra rat nho
nen thng c lam tang em, hoac tang khuech ai cong suat am tan ra e phoi
hp tr khang vi loa. No cung hay c dung trong cac bo khuech ai thuat toan
(KTT).



Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-20- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -20-
Chng V: Chng V: Chng V: Chng V: Transistor hieu ng trng. Transistor hieu ng trng. Transistor hieu ng trng. Transistor hieu ng trng.
I. Ly thuyet hoat ong cua JFET: Ly thuyet hoat ong cua JFET: Ly thuyet hoat ong cua JFET: Ly thuyet hoat ong cua JFET:
V
DS
: ien ap gia cc mang va cc nguon.
V
DS (tai iem nghen)
= V
p
= V
po
+ V
GS
(5-1)
V
po
: ien the nghen c tra tren o th.
V
GS
: ien ap gia cc cong va cc nguon.
ien the anh thung Breakdown la mot ham cua ien ap GS:
GS DSS DSX
V BV BV + = (5-2)
Trong o BV
DSS
la ien the Breakdown ng vi V
GS
= 0.
Tai vung bao hoa, dong dien mang c tnh gan ung:

(
(

|
|

\
|
+ + =
2
3
po
GS
po
GS
po D
V
V
2
V
V 3
1 I I vi V
GS
< 0 (5-3)
I
po
: dong ien nghen c tra tren o th.
T (5-3) ta thay:
Khi V
GS
= 0 ta co: I
D
= I
po
(5-4)
Khi V
GS
= -V
po
ta co: I
D
= 0 (5-5)
II. Ly thuyet hoat ong cua IGFET: Ly thuyet hoat ong cua IGFET: Ly thuyet hoat ong cua IGFET: Ly thuyet hoat ong cua IGFET:
ien ap gia cc mang va cc nguon:
V
DS(tai iem nghen)
= V
p
= V
po
+ V
GS
(5-6)
BV
DSX
= BV
DSS
+ V
GS
(5-7)
2
po
DS
po D
V
V
1 I I
(
(

+ = (5-8)
Khi V
GS
= 0 ta co: I
D
= I
po
(5-9)
Khi V
GS
= -V
po
ta co I
D
= 0 (5-10)
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-21- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -21-
III. Giai tch o th va phan cc: Giai tch o th va phan cc: Giai tch o th va phan cc: Giai tch o th va phan cc:
1 11 1- -- - Phan cc JFET: Phan cc JFET: Phan cc JFET: Phan cc JFET:
Phng trnh tai DC (DCLL): V
DD
= V
DS
+ I
D
(R
d
+ R
S
) (5-11)
Do I
G
0 nen mach t phan cc: V
GS
= -I
D
R
S
(5-12)
2 22 2- -- - Phan cc JGFET: Phan cc JGFET: Phan cc JGFET: Phan cc JGFET: H5-14
Phng trnh tai DC (DCLL): V
DD
= V
DS
+ I
D
(R
d
+ R
S
) (5-13)
nh ngha nguon ap cung cap cho cc cong la:

DD
2 1
1
GG
V
R R
R
V
+
= (5-14)
Theo nh luat KII V
kn
= 0 ta co:
I
G
(R
b
+ R
3
) + V
GS
+ I
D
R
S
= V
GG
(5-15)
Do I
G
0 nen ta co:
S D DD
2 1
1
S D GG GS
R I V
R R
R
R I V V
+
= = (5-16)
e I
D
t thay oi theo nhiet o ta phai chon:
2
V V
V V
GG po
GG GSQ
+
= (5-17)
Suy ra:
po GSQ GG
V V 2 V + = (5-18)
DQ
po GSQ
S
I
V V
R
+
= (5-19)
Cac gia tr cho bi phng trnh (5-17, 18, 19) se xac nh iem tnh Q va cc
tieu hoa s phu thuoc vao nhiet o cua tnh iem.
IV. Giai tch tn hieu ln, s sai dang: Giai tch tn hieu ln, s sai dang: Giai tch tn hieu ln, s sai dang: Giai tch tn hieu ln, s sai dang:
oi vi IGJET:

2
po
GS
po D
V
V
1 I I
|
|

\
|
+ = (5-20)
a tn hieu AC vao cc cong:
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-22- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -22-
t cos V V v V V
0 im GSQ i GSQ GS
+ = + = (5-21)
Thay (5-21) vao (5-20) ta c:
4 4 3 4 4 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 1
4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 1
hai bac hai phan Thanh
0
po
im
po
nhat bac hai phan Thanh
0
po
im
po
GSQ
po
DC bnh trung phan Thanh
2
po
im
2
po
GSQ
D
t 2 cos
V
V
2
I
t cos
V
V
V
V
1 I 2
V
V
2
1
V
V
1 I +
|
|

\
|
+ +
(
(

|
|

\
|
+
|
|

\
|
+ = (5-22)
Khi V
im
= 0 ta co:
2
po
GSQ
po DQ
V
V
1 I I
|
|

\
|
+ = (5-23)
Khi V
im
<< V
GSQ
+ V
po
th s dch chuyen cua dong DC co the bo qua.
He so meo hai bac 2:
20
V
log 20
V
V
1 4
V
V
log 20 D
im
po
GSQ
po
im
2
=
(
(
(
(
(

|
|

\
|
+
= khi V
po
=1V; V
GSQ
=4V (5-24)
V. Giai tch tn hieu nho va mach tng ng: Giai tch tn hieu nho va mach tng ng: Giai tch tn hieu nho va mach tng ng: Giai tch tn hieu nho va mach tng ng:
T H5-1 ta co:
ien tr r
gs
:

=
Q i
r
g
GS
gs
(5-25)
o xuyen dan:
|
|

\
|
+ =

=
po
GSQ
po
po
GS
D
m
V
V
1
V
I 2
Q V
i
g (5-26)
L m
gs
ds
V
R g
V
V
) FET ( A = = (bo qua r
ds
) (5-27)
ien tr mang nguon:
DQ D
DS
ds
I
1
Q i
V
r

= (5-28)
He so khuech ai:
ds m
GS
DS
r g
Q V
V
=

= (5-29)
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-23- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -23-
1) 1) 1) 1) Bo khuech ai cc nguon chung: Bo khuech ai cc nguon chung: Bo khuech ai cc nguon chung: Bo khuech ai cc nguon chung: H5-17
Tr khang vao nhn t nguon: Z
i
= R
3
+ (R
1
//R
2
) (5-30)
Tr khang ra nhn t tai: Z
o
= R
d
//r
ds
(5-31)
( )
( )
L m
2 1 3
i
o L m
i
gs
gs
L
i
L
V
R g
R // R R
r
1
1
Z // R g
V
V
V
V
V
V
A

+
+
= = = (5-32)
vi r
i
<< R
3
+ (R
1
//R
2
) va R
L
<< Z
o
.
2) 2) 2) 2) Mach phat theo nguon: Mach phat theo nguon: Mach phat theo nguon: Mach phat theo nguon: H5-20
Phng trnh tai DC: V
DD
= V
DS
+ I
D
(R
S1
+ R
S2
) (5-33)
ien ap t phan cc: V
GSQ
= -I
DQ
R
S1
(5-34)
Thc te V
GSQ
ch vai volt, trong khi
2
V
V
DD
SQ
= do o R
S1
<< R
S2
.
Tr khang tra nhn t ien tr nguon R
S
:
1
rds
Z
o
+
= (5-35)
He so khuech ai ien ap:
1 R V
V
A
S g
S '
V
+

=

(5-36)
Tr khang vao:
( )
1
2 S 1 S
2 S
1
i
R 1
R R
R
1
1
R
Z +
)
`

+ +

= do R
S1
<< R
S2
(5-37)
Mach tach pha H5-6 co
d
02
S
01
R
V
R
V
= (5-38)
He so khuech ai ien ap: A
1
1 (5-39)
Tr khang ra:
1
R
g
1
1
R r
Z
d
m
d ds
o
+
+
+
+
= (5-40)
Tr khang ra t H5-8 la: Z
o
= r
ds
+ R
S
( + 1) (5-41)
3) Mach khuech ai cc cong chung Mach khuech ai cc cong chung Mach khuech ai cc cong chung Mach khuech ai cc cong chung: :: : H5-9
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-24- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -24-
Tr khang vao:
1
R r
i
V
R
d ds
i
sg
sg
+
+
= = (5-42)
He so khuech ai:
1
R r
r
R
V
V
A
d ds
i
d
i
d
V
+
+
+
= = (5-43)





Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-25- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -25-
Chng VI: Mach Transisrtor ghep lien tang Chng VI: Mach Transisrtor ghep lien tang Chng VI: Mach Transisrtor ghep lien tang Chng VI: Mach Transisrtor ghep lien tang
1) 1) 1) 1) Transistor ghep Cascading: Transistor ghep Cascading: Transistor ghep Cascading: Transistor ghep Cascading:
a) Tang E.C-E.C: H6-1
o li dong ien:

|
|

\
|
+
|
|

\
|
+

|
|

\
|
+

= = =
1 e
'
1 b
'
1 b
2 ie
'
2 b
'
2 b 1 fe
L 2 C
2 C 2 fe
i
1 b
1 b
2 b
2 b
L
i
L
i
h R
R
h R
R h
R R
R h
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
A (6-1)
vi R
b1
= r
i
//R
b1
va R
b2
= R
c1
//R
b2

Tr khang vao: Z
i
= r
i
//R
b1
//h
ie1
(6-2)
Tr khang ra: Z
o
= R
c2
(6-3)
Neu trong H1-1 khong co C
E1
va C
E2
th:
|
|

\
|
+ +
|
|

\
|
+ +

|
|

\
|
+

=
1 E 1 fe 1 e
'
1 b
'
1 b
2 E 2 fe 2 e
'
2 b
'
2 b 1 fe
L 2 C
2 C 2 fe
i
R h h R
R
R h h R
R h
R R
R h
A (6-4)
Z
i
= r
i
//R
b1
//[h
ie1
+ (1 + h
fe1
)R
E1
] (6-5)
Z
o
= R
c2

b) Tang E.C-C.C hnh bai tap 6-3




o li dong ien:
( ) ( )
|
|

\
|
+
|
|

\
|
+ +
|
|

\
|
+
=
= =
1 e 1 b
1 b
L 2 E 2 fe 2 ie 2 b 1 C
2 b 1 C
L 2 E
2 E 2 fe
i
1 b
1 b
L
L
L
i
L
i
h R
R
R // R h h R // R
R // R
R R
R h
i
i
i
' i
' i
i
i
i
A
(6-6)
Z
i
= R
b1
//h
ie1
(6-7)
Z
o
Z
i
h
ie1

i
C1
h
fe1
i
b1

R
E2
h
fe2

R
L
h
fe2

h
ie2

i
b1
i
i

i
L

R
b2

V
L
R
b1


R
C1

i
b2
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-26- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -26-
|
|

\
|
+ =
2 fe
2 b 1 C
2 ib 2 E o
h
R // R
h // R Z (6-8)
* Neu khong co C
E1
khi o:
( ) ( )
|
|

\
|
+ +
|
|

\
|
+ +
|
|

\
|
+
=
= =
1 E 1 fe 1 e 1 b
1 b
L 2 E 2 fe 2 ie 2 b 1 C
2 b 1 C
L 2 E
2 E 2 fe
i
1 b
1 b
L
L
L
i
L
i
R h h R
R
R // R h h R // R
R // R
R R
R h
i
i
i
' i
' i
i
i
i
A
(6-9)
Z
i
= R
b1
//[h
ie1
+ h
fe1
R
E1
] (6-10)
|
|

\
|
+ =
2 fe
2 b 1 C
2 ib 2 E o
h
R // R
h // R Z (6-11)
2) 2) 2) 2) Mach khuech ai vi sai: Mach khuech ai vi sai: Mach khuech ai vi sai: Mach khuech ai vi sai:
T H6-4 ta co:
fe
b
E
EE
2 EQ 1 EQ
h
R
R 2
7 , 0 V
I I
+

= = (6-12)
V
CEQ1
= V
CEQ2
V
CC
+ V
EE
I
CQ
(R
C
+ 2R
E
) (6-13)
Cac dong ien co the c phan thanh hai thanh phan:
+ Mot chung
2
i i
i
2 1
0
+
= (6-14)
+ Mot vi sai
1 2
i i i = (6-15)
o li dong ien mot chung:
|
|
|
|

\
|
+ +
|
|

\
|
+
=
fe
b
ib E
1 b
L C
C
C
h
R
h R 2
R
R R
R
A
(6-16)
o li dong ien mot vi sai:
|
|

\
|
+
+
=
fe
b
ib
b
L C
C
d
h
R
h 2
R
R R
R
A
(6-17)

Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-27- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -27-
v vay i
L
= A
C
i
0
+ A
d
i (6-18)
Ty so nen tn hieu ong pha:
fe
b
ib
E
h
R
h
R
CMRR
+
(6-19)
e tang CMRR ta dung nguon dong cc phat.
3) 3) 3) 3) Cach ghep Darlington: Cach ghep Darlington: Cach ghep Darlington: Cach ghep Darlington:
T H6-10, ap dung nh luat K II. V
kin
= 0 ta co:
I
B1
R
b
+ V
BE1
+ V
BE2
+ I
CQ2
R
E
= V
BB1
(6-20)
1 BB E 2 CQ b
2 fe 1 fe
2 CQ
V R I 7 , 0 7 , 0 R
h h
I
= + + + (6-21)
Tong quat dong ien ra I
CQ2
c tnh:
2 fe 1 fe
b
E
1 BB
2 CQ
h h
R
R
4 , 1 V
I
+

= (6-22)
Neu
2 fe 1 fe
b
E
h h
R
R >> th (6-22) tr thanh:
E
1 BB
2 CQ
R
4 , 1 V
I

(6-23)
Trong o
CC
2 1
1
1 BB
V
R R
R
V
+
= (6-24)
2 1
2 1
b
R R
R R
R
+
= (6-25)
Phng trnh tai mot chieu au ra:
( )
E C 2 CQ 2 CE E 2 C
2 fe
2 CQ
2 C C 2 CE CC
R R I V R I
h
I
I R V V + + +
|
|

\
|
+ + = (6-26)
V
CE1
= V
CE2
V
BE2
= V
CE2
0,7 (6-27)
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-28- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -28-
2 fe
2 CQ
1 CQ
h
I
I = (6-28)
T H3-2 ta co:
b
1 ie
L C
C
2 fe 1 fe
2 ie 1 ib
1 fe
b
b
L C
C 2 fe
i
2 b
2 b
L
i
L
i
R
h 2
1
1
R R
R
h h
h h
h
R
R
R R
R h
i
i
i
i
i
i
A
+
+
=
|
|
|
|

\
|
+ +
|
|

\
|
+
=
= =
(6-29)
Chu y:
1 ib
1 fe
1 ie
2 fe 1 EQ
3
2 fe
1 EQ
3
2 fe 2 ie
h
h
h
h I
10 . 25
h 4 , 1
I
10 . 25
h 4 , 1 h = = = =

(6-30)
Tr khang vao: Z
i
= h
ie1
+ h
fe1
h
ie2
2h
ie1
(6-31)
Tr khang ra: Z
o
= R
C

* Mach Darlington cung co the lam viec che o toi u khi o:
R
DC
= R
C
+ R
E
(6-32)
R
AC
= R
C
//R
L
(6-33)
Dong ien ra che o toi u:
L C
L C
E C
CC
AC DC
CC
CQ max cm
R R
R R
R R
V
R R
V
I I
TU 2 2
+
+ +
=
+
= = (6-34)
AC CEQ CEQ max cm
R . I V V
TU 2 TU 2 2
= = (6-35)
max cm
L C
C
max Lm
2
I
R R
R
I
+
= (6-36)
L max Lm max Lm
R I V = (6-37)
* Mach Darlington cung co the mac theo kieu C.C.

Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-29- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -29-











He so khuech ai:
( ) ( )
2 fe 1 fe L E 1 ie b i
b i
L E
E
2 fe 1 fe
i
1 b
1 b
L
L
L
i
L
i
h h R // R h 2 R // R
R // R
R R
R
h h
i
i
i
' i
' i
i
i
i
A
+ + +
=
= =
(6-38)
( ) ( )
2 fe 1 fe L E ie b i
b i
L E
E
L 2 fe 1 fe
i
L L
i
L
T
h h R // R h 2 R // R
R // R
R R
R
R h h
i
i R
i
V
A
1
+ + +
= = = (6-39)
i
i
L
i i
L L
i
L
V
A
R
R
i R
i R
V
V
A = = = (6-40)
Tr khang vao:
( ) [ ]
2 fe 1 fe L E 1 ie b i i
h h R // R h 2 // R // R Z + = (6-41)
Tr khang ra:
(

+ =
2 fe 1 fe
b i
2 ib E o
h h
R // R
h 2 // R Z (6-42)
V
L

+V
CC

T
1

R
i


C
1

R
L


Z
o
Z
i
I
C1
I
E1
=I
B2

i
i

R
2

R
E


R
C

R
1

C
2

T
2

h
ie1

R
L
h
fe1
h
fe2

i
b1
i
L

V
L
R
i


Z
o
h
fe1
h
ie2

i
i

R
E
h
fe1
h
fe2

R
b

Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-30- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -30-
4) 4) 4) 4) Mach khuech ai Cascode: Mach khuech ai Cascode: Mach khuech ai Cascode: Mach khuech ai Cascode: H6 H6 H6 H6- -- -13 13 13 13
T1 mac theo kieu EC, T2 mac theo kieu BC. Do o ay la bo khuech ai lien
tang E.C-B.C.
Che o DC: Che o DC: Che o DC: Che o DC: T hnh ve neu I
2
>> I
B1
va I
2
>> I
B2
ta co:
CC
3 2 1
2 1
2 BB
V
R R R
R R
V
+ +
+
= (6-43)
2
BB
2 1
1
1 BB
V
R R
R
V
+
= (6-44)
1 fe
2 1
E
1 BB
1 E 1 C
h
R // R
R
7 , 0 V
I I
+

= (6-45)
V
CE1
= V
BB2
V
BE2
R
C
I
C1
R
E
I
C1
= V
BB2
0,7 I
C1
(R
C
+ R
E
) (6-46)
V
CE1
= V
CC
I
C1
R
L
V
BB2
+ 0,7 (6-47)
Che o AC: Che o AC: Che o AC: Che o AC:
( )( )
( )
|
|

\
|
+
=
= =
1 ie 2 1
2 1
1 fe 2 fb
i
1 b
1 b
2 e
2 e
L
i
L
i
h R // R
R // R
h h
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
A
(6-48)
i L
i
L L
i
L
T
A R
i
R i
i
V
A = = = (6-49)
Tr khang vao: Z
i
= R
1
//R
2
//h
ie1
(6-50)
Tr khang ra: Z
o
= (6-51)

Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-31- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -31-
Chng VII Chng VII Chng VII Chng VII: Mach khuech ai hoi tiep. : Mach khuech ai hoi tiep. : Mach khuech ai hoi tiep. : Mach khuech ai hoi tiep.
1. Khai niem c ban ve mach hoi tiep: Khai niem c ban ve mach hoi tiep: Khai niem c ban ve mach hoi tiep: Khai niem c ban ve mach hoi tiep:





Hoi tiep la hien tng a tn hieu t ngo ra cu a bo khuech ai ngc tr ve
ngo vao. Hoi tiep gom 3 loai:
+ Hoi tiep noi bo sinh ra do tnh chat vat ly cua Transistor. V du: hoi tiep qua
C
bc
khi mac E.C.
+ Hoi tiep k sinh: sinh ra do cac phan t ghep mach: ien cam, bien ap, t
cam ...
Hai loai hoi tiep tren la khong mong muon v no lam xau i cac ch tieu
ky thuat cua bo khuech ai.
+ Hoi tiep ben ngoai: do ta mac vao e cai thien cac ch tieu ky thuat cua bo
khuech ai. Khi cac phan t hoi tiep la thuan tr ta co hoi tiep khong phu thuoc
tan so va khong ao pha, khi hoi tiep bao gom cac khau RC, L, bien ap,
Transistor, ... th hoi tiep phu thuoc tan so va ao pha.
Neu hoi tiep a ve ong pha vi tn hieu vao, ta goi la hoi tiep dng va ch
dung trong cac bo dao ong. Neu hoi tiep a ve ngc pha vi tn hieu vao ta goi la
hoi tiep am va chung c s dung rat nhieu trong cac bo khuech ai e cai thien
cac ch tieu ky thuat. Trong chng nay ta ch xet hoi tiep am.
Phan loai hoi tiep: Phan loai hoi tiep: Phan loai hoi tiep: Phan loai hoi tiep:
+ Tuy theo ien ap hoi tiep (V
f
) ty le vi ien ap ra (V
o
), dong ien ra
(I
o
) hay ty le vi ca hai ma hoi tiep thuoc loai hoi tiep ien ap, hoi
tiep dong ien hay hoi tiep hon hp. e phan biet ba loai hoi tiep nay
ta dung phep th:
Ngan mach tai ma mat hoi tiep (V
f
= 0) th o la hoi tiep ien ap.
H mach tai ma mat hoi tiep (V
f
= 0) th o la hoi tiep dong ien.
Ca khi ngan mach va h mach tai ma van con hoi tiep (V
f
0) th
o la hoi tiep hon hp.
Bo khuech ai
A
V
Mach hoi tiep


Tai
Nguon
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-32- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -32-
+ Tuy theo ien ap hoi tiep a ve ngo vao mac noi tiep hoac mac song
song vi nguon tn hieu vao ma ta co hoi tiep noi tiep (sai lech ap)
hoac hoi tiep song song (sai lech dong).
+ Nh vay ta co bon loai hoi tiep hay dung
Hoi tiep ap, sai lech ap.
Hoi tiep ap, sai lech dong.
Hoi tiep dong, sai lech ap.
Hoi tiep dong, sai lech dong.
2. Anh hng cua hoi tiep am en cac tham so cua bo khuech ai: Anh hng cua hoi tiep am en cac tham so cua bo khuech ai: Anh hng cua hoi tiep am en cac tham so cua bo khuech ai: Anh hng cua hoi tiep am en cac tham so cua bo khuech ai:
a) oi vi o li ap khi co hoi tiep am A
Vf
:
V
V
Vf
A 1
A
A
+
= (7-1)
+ A
V
: o li ap khi cha co hoi tiep.
+ : he so hoi tiep.
b) oi vi s mat on nh cua o li ap:
+ He so bat on nh cua A
V
:
V
V
A
dA
q = (7-2)
+ He so bat on nh cua A
V
khi co hoi tiep am:
V
f
A 1
q
q
+
= (7-3)
c) Anh hng en meo tan so va meo pha:
+ He so meo tan so: 1
A
A
M
f
0
= (7-4)
A
0
: o li day gia.
A
f
: o li tai f.
+ He so meo tan so khi co hoi tiep am
f
la:
V
f
A 1
1 M
1 M
+

= (7-5)

V
f
A 1
M
M
+
= (7-5)
+ o dch pha khi cha co hoi tiep la , o dch pha khi co hoi tiep am
f
:
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-33- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -33-

V
f
A 1 +

= (7-6)
d) Anh hng en he so meo phi tuyen va tap am
He so meo phi tuyen:
m 1
2
nm
2
m 3
2
m 2
m 1
2
nm
2
m 3
2
m 2
I
I I I
V
V V V + + +
=
+ + +
=
L L
(7-7)
Trong o V
nm
(I
nm
) la thanh phan hai bac th n (n = 1, 2, 3, ...)
He so meo phi tuyen khi co hoi tiep am:
V
f
A 1 +

= (7-8)
Tap am khi co hoi tiep am:
V
TA
TAf
A 1
V
V
+
= (7-9)
e) Anh hng en tr khang vao:
Hoi tiep noi tiep: ( )
V i if
A 1 Z Z + = (7-10)
Hoi tiep song song:
V
i
if
A 1
Z
Z
+
= (7-11)
f) Anh hng en tr khang ra:
Hoi tiep dong ien: ( )
V o of
A 1 Z Z + = (7-12)
Hoi tiep ien ap:
V
o
of
A 1
Z
Z
+
= (7-13)
3. Hoi tiep ien ap, sai lech dong ien: Hoi tiep ien ap, sai lech dong ien: Hoi tiep ien ap, sai lech dong ien: Hoi tiep ien ap, sai lech dong ien:
T H7-2 ta co o li dong thuan:
'
i
i
if i
A
0 G
A A =
=
= (7-14)
o li dong khi co hoi tiep am:
T 1
A
R G A 1
A
A
i
L i i
i
if

=
+
= (7-15)
o li vong c nh ngha:
Khoa ien ien T. Ky thuat mach ien T I
-34- Tom Tat Bai Giang. -34-
L i i
i
'
L
L
R G A
0 i V
V
T =
=
= (7-16)
Neu T >> 1 ta co:
L
f
i
L
if
R
R
i
i
A = = (7-17)
i
f
i
L
vf
r
R
V
V
A = = (7-18)
Tr khang vao khi co hoi tiep:
T 1
Z
Z
i
if

= (7-19)
Tr khang ra khi co hoi tiep:
T 1
Z
Z
o
of

= (7-20)
4. Hoi tiep ien ap, sai lech ien ap: Hoi tiep ien ap, sai lech ien ap: Hoi tiep ien ap, sai lech ien ap: Hoi tiep ien ap, sai lech ien ap:
o li ien ap khi khong co hoi tiep:
'
v
v
vf V
A
0 K
A A =
=
= (7-21)
o li ien ap khi co hoi tiep:
T 1
A
A K 1
A
V
V
A
V
V V
V
i
L
vf

=
+
= = (7-22)
o li vong T:
V V
'
V V
i
'
L
L
A K A K
0 V V
V
T = =
=
= (7-23)
Tr khang vao khi co hoi tiep:
) T 1 ( Z Z
i if
= (7-24)
Tr khang ra khi co hoi tiep:
T 1
Z
Z
o
of

= (7-25)

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