ELECTRONIC SECURITY SYSTEM FOR TWO WHEELERS

This project is dedicated to all the proud owners of two-wheelers

Index:Sl No. Contents 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) Introduction Components used Block diagram IR transmitter Transmitter program IR Receiver Receiver program Touch sensor Shake detector Brake failure indicator Page No. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Simple electronic circuit 16 Power supply Datasheets 17 17-20

Introduction:- In this project we have designed an anti-theft alarm with touch sensors and shake detector which sounds a buzzer by sensing touch and motion. This system can be switched on or off wirelessly. We have also designed an economic, but more efficient break failure indicator which, when the brake is cut will sound the buzzer. This system will be activated when the bike is turned on.

Need: Nowadays we come across several two wheeler theft cases especially in urban areas where they park their vehicles outside due to lack of space in their compounds, also Generally, two-wheeled vehicles or two-wheelers are prone to theft because of their relatively small size. There are some cases where theft takes place without turning on the vehicle. Thieves bring a lorry or tempo and take away the bikes parked outside. So it is very much essential to have an electronic security system to ensure safety of vehicle. We have also come across cases of accidents where the primary reason for accidents is brake failure. So it is essential to have a brake failure indicator which indicates the failure of brake and helps in preventing accidents.

Background: Generally, two-wheelers can easily be dismantled by a miscreant and individual parts can be stolen if the vehicle is left unattended for some time at an unsafe or isolated place. Conventionally, a two-wheeled vehicle is safeguarded against theft by a steering lock mechanism present in the steering system of the vehicle. Although locking of the steering system provides basic safety to the vehicle, however, it does not ensure fool proof security. Another traditional way to secure a two-wheeled vehicle is to lock the centre stand on which the vehicle rests. This provides additional security to the two-wheeled vehicle as it makes the vehicle immobile. The centre stand is locked with the help of an additional locking device such as a pad lock or an integrated centre stand locking device. In such an anti-theft arrangement, the rider of the vehicle has to maintain a separate key for the centre stand lock in addition to having a steering lock key. Further, to lock or unlock the centre stand, the rider has to bend over to access the lock, which sometimes becomes cumbersome. For example, in a packed parking lot, the rider may be forced to leave the centre stand unlocked due to lack of sufficient space around the twowheeled vehicle for him or her to bend over and lock the centre stand.

If pad locks are used, they have to be separately purchased and carried as an accessory since they are not an integral part of conventional two-wheeled vehicles. Therefore, additional locking devices such as the pad locks are not always user friendly and sometimes discourage the rider from using them. Therefore we have introduced new economical, efficient, user friendly electronic security system() which will protect your beloved vehicles if you just switch on the system.

Components used: 1. 2 ATmega 16 microcontrollers 2. 2 7805 (5V regulators) 3. IR LED 4. TSOP 1738(IR receiver) 5. 2 555 timers 6. 12V Relay 7. ULN2003A (Relay driver) 8. 9V Battery 9. Metal Box and Metal Bob 10. Buzzer (2-27V) 11.Resistors and capacitors of suitable values 12.2 red LEDs

Block diagram

Block Description:-

1)IR transmitter

This block is used for switching on/off of anti-theft alarm system wirelessly. It was implemented by using coding technique with IR transmitter-receiver. In this module, we use ATmega16,IR LED, and a switch. Switch is connected to pin 1 of port D. when this pin is grounded, predefined number of ones (N) are transmitted along with a start bit and stop bit on a 38KHz carrier pulse. This is achieved by making pin 3 of PORT B as output port and input port to transmit 1 and 0 respectively. Start bit will be logic high and stop bit will be logic low with pulse width different from message signals. Program to perform transmissions mentioned above is given below.

Program:

2)IR receiver:

In this module we use a TSOP (IR receiver), and a ATmega 16 microcontroller to receive IR pulses transmitted by transmitter module. TSOP receives IR pulses and gives it to pin 1 of PORT D of microcontroller. Whenever port D receives a rising edge a count is incremented. This action is continued untill the reception of stop bit. Now this count is compared with predefined number of ones (N) which was defined during transmission. Respective program is given below. In this program we have fixed N=5. It can be changed based on the level of security required.

Program:

3)Touch sensor circuit

In this circuit we use two touch plates which are placed on handles of two wheeler. One of the touch plate is connected to Pin 2 of 555 timer and another one to ground. 555 timer is operated in mono stable operation in which when low voltage is applied to Pin 2 a pulse is obtained at the output. Pulse width can be calculated as follows T= 1.1*R*C Here we use 100uf capacitance and 27k ohm resistance. Hence we obtain T=1.1*27*103*100*10-6 T=2.97 seconds Output of this timer is given to relay driver ULN2003A.

4)Shake detector:-

In this module we use a rectangular metal box with 5 sides and is connected to ground. One side of the metal box is insulated. We also use a metal bob which is freely suspended inside the box through a metal chain. Other end of this metal chain is connected to pin 2 of 555 timer used in touch sensor circuit. When Vehicle is shook the bob oscillates and touches the metal box. Hence pin 2 is grounded which triggers the 555 timer which sounds the buzzer for predefined time (i.e 2.97 seconds). Here one of the sides of metal box is insulated to prevent false triggering of 555 timer when vehicle rests on side stand.

Note: This is a simple accelerometer which costs around 100 Rs. But accelerometer IC available in market costs around 900 Rs. Here we have designed our own economical accelerometer to provide the security system to the customer in cheaper rate compared to the systems available in market.

5) Brake failure indicator:-

In this module we use a 555 timer in astable operating mode, with duty cycle approximately 1. Duty cycle can be calculated as follows.

Where R1=150k and R2= 1k Therefore D = .99342 Pulse width, T= 0.693*(R1+R2)*C

T= 0.693*(150+1)*103*1*10-9 T= 0.105ms In this mode 555 timer produces continuous pulses from Pin 3 which are grounded through brake wire when it is intact. When brake wire is cut current pulses flow through red LED connected in parallel to brake wire. Output is also provided to pin 2 of relay driver ULN2003A which drives the relay which in turn sounds the buzzer. 6) Simple electronic circuit:

This simple electronic circuit is used to interface touch sensor/ shake detector and brake failure indicator output to buzzer. This circuit contains relay driver ULN2003A which takes input at pin 1 and 2 from touch sensor, brake failure indicator and shake detector and provides output through pin 16 and 15.Whenever a touch or shake is detected, a pulse is generated at 555 timer output which is given to input pin (pin 1) of ULN2003A. This IC boosts the current which is high enough to drive relay. Relay used here is a 12V relay. When 12V supply is given to relay and it gets an input from pin 15 or pin 16 of relay driver contact is made with buzzer. When input to relay goes low, buzzer is disconnected. Hence buzzer connected to this IC through relay sounds with high volume.

7) Power supply: Transmitter: For transmitter circuit 9v battery can be used as power supply which can be regulated to 5v by using 7805 i.e 5v regulator. Current drive of this circuit is just 1.1mA in active state. So the circuit drive is negligible when compared to battery .Hence this battery can be used for long time Security system and Brake failure indicator: For these systems we use battery in the two-wheeler itself which has rating of 12V/5A-h. The current drive of these circuits put together is around 5mA in idle state and 500mA in active state. But active time lasts only for seconds when it detects the touch or shake. Hence our circuit drive is very less when compared to battery capacity

Data sheets:
1)ATmega 16L:

Pin diagram:-

2) ULN2003A:

Pin diagram:-

3) NE555N:

4) TSOP:

Power consumption: Transmitter: Circuit drive (active) 5V/1.1mA Circuit drive (passive) 5V/0.35mA Active time 5s Passive time 0s Power supply 9V/500mA-h

Security system: Circuit drive (active) 5V/500mA Circuit drive (passive) 5V/3mA Active time 3s -10s Passive time 10 hours Power supply 12V/5A-h

Main features: 1) This system is light-weighted and also very compact hence it can be installed in any Two-wheeler. 2) This system has economical shake detector designed by us instead of traditional costly accelerometer IC. 3) For wireless control we use economical IR transmitter receiver instead of RF transmitter/receivers used in traditional security system. 4) Brake failure indicator can be installed both light motor vehicles as well as heavy motor vehicles. Applications: Our electronic security system finds its application in wide range of fields which are mentioned below. 1) Our electronic security system finds its major application in security of Twowheelers 2) This system can also be installed to some valuable items which will be outside the house such as solar panels, pumping motors etc 3) Brake failure indicator can be installed not only in Two-wheelers but also in Light motor vehicles and Heavy motor vehicles Conclusion: As we mentioned earlier our Electronic Security System for Two-wheelers has wide range of applications. It is also an economical, user friendly system and consumes negligible amount of power. Bibliography:
1) www.scribd.com 2) www.wikipedia.org 3) www.electronicsforu.com