C1255 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

AIM To introduce the concept of measurement and the related instrumentation requirement as a vital ingredient of electronics and communication engineering. OBJECTIVE To learn Basic measurement concepts Concepts of electronic measurements Importance of signal generators and signal analysers in measurements Relevance of digital instruments in measurements The need for data acquisition systems Measurement techniques in optical domains. UNIT I BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS 9 Measurement systems Static and dynamic characteristics units and standards of measurements error analysis moving coil, moving iron meters multimeters True RMS meters Bridge measurements Maxwell, Hay, Schering, Anderson and Wien bridge. UNIT II BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS 9 Electronic multimeters Cathode ray oscilloscopes block schematic applications special oscilloscopes Q meters Vector meters RF voltage and power measurements. UNIT III SIGNAL GENERATORS AND ANALYZERS 9 Function generators RF signal generators Sweep generators Frequency synthesizer wave analyzer Harmonic distortion analyzer spectrum analyzer. UNIT IV DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9 Comparison of analog and digital techniques digital voltmeter multimeters frequency counters measurement of frequency and time interval extension of frequency range measurement errors. UNIT V DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND FIBER OPTIC MEASUREMENTS 9 Elements of a digital data acquisition system interfacing of transducers multiplexing computer controlled instrumentation IEEE 488 bus fiber optic measurements for power and system loss optical time domains reflectometer. TOTAL : 45 TEXT BOOK 1. Albert D.Helfrick and William D.Cooper Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.

REFERENCES 1. Joseph J.Carr, Elements of Electronics Instrumentation and Measurement, Pearson education, 2003. 2. Alan. S. Morris, Principles of Measurements and Instrumentation, Prentice Hall of India, 2nd edn., 2003. 3. Ernest O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems- Application and Design-Tata McGraw-Hill2004. Reference www.annauniv.edu

ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION :Syllabus

ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION UNIT I Performance characteristics of instruments, Static characteristics, Accuracy, Resolution, Precision, Expected value, Error, Sensitivity. Errors in Measurement, Dynamic Characteristics-speed of response, Fidelity, Lag and Dynamic error. DC VoltimetersMultirange, Range extension/Solid state and differential voltmeters, AC voltmeters- multi range, range extension, shunt. Thermocouple type RF ammeter, Ohmmeters series type, shunt type, Multimeter for Voltage, Current and resistance measurements. UNIT II Signal Generator- fixed and variable, AF oscillators, Standard and AF sine and square wave signal generators, Function Generators, Square pulse, Random noise, sweep, Arbitrary waveform. UNIT III Wave Analyzers, Haromonic Distortion Analyzers, Spectrum Analyzers, Digital Fourier Analyzers. UNIT IV Oscilloscopes CRT features, vertical amplifiers, horizontal deflection system, sweep, trigger pulse, delay line, sync selector circuits, simple CRO, triggered sweep CRO, Dual beam CRO, Measurement of amplitude and frequency. UNIT V

Dual trace oscilloscope, sampling oscilloscope, storage oscilloscope, digital readout oscilloscope, digital storage oscilloscope, Lissajous method of frequency measurement, standard specifications of CRO, probes for CRO- Active & Passive, attenuator type, Frequency counter, Time and Period measurement. UNIT VI AC Bridges Measurement of inductance- Maxwells bridge, Anderson bridge. Measurement of capacitance - Schearing Bridge. Wheat stone bridge. Wien Bridge, Errors and precautions in using bridges. Q-meter. UNIT VII Transducers- active & passive transducers : Resistance, Capacitance, inductance; Strain gauges, LVDT, Piezo Electric transducers, Resistance Thermometers, Thermocouples, Thermistors, Sensistors. UNIT VIII Measurement of physical parameters force, pressure, velocity, humidity, moisture, speed, proximity and displacement. Data acquisition systems. TEXTBOOKS : 1. Electronic instrumentation, second edition - H.S.Kalsi, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004. 2. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques A.D. Helfrick and W.D. Cooper, PHI, 5th Edition, 2002. REFERENCES : 1. Electronic Instrumentation & Measurements - David A. Bell, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2003. 2. Electronic Test Instruments, Analog and Digital Measurements - Robert A.Witte, Pearson Education, 2nd Ed., 2004. 3. Electronic Measurements & Instrumentations by K. Lal Kishore, Pearson Education 2005.

Mahatma Gandhi University

ELECRONIC INSTRUMENTATION 3-1-0 Module 1 Generalised instrumentation system Units and standards- Calibration methods- Standards of measurement- Classification of errors- Error analysis. Static characteristics Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, linearity, resolution, hysteresis, threshold, input impedance, loading effect etc. Dynamic characteristics. Module 2 Electronic analog meters: DC voltmeters- Loading- Transfer volt meter- Chopper type- DC amplifier voltmeter- Solid state voltmeter Differential voltmeter Peak responding voltmeter True RMS voltmeter Calibration of DC instrument. Digital voltmeter: Introduction Ramp technique Dual slope - Integrating type DVM Successive approximations type DVM Resolution and sensitivity of digital meters General specifications of a DVM. Module 3 Analog instruments Output power meters Field strength meter - Phase meter Vector impedance meter Q meter LCR bridge Rxmeters Automatic bridges Transistor tester Analog pH meter. Digital instruments: Digital multimeters Digital frequency meter Digital Measurement of time Universal counter Electronic counter Digital Tachometer Digital pH meter Digital phase meter Digital capacitance meter Automation in digital instrument Microprocessor based instruments Digital instruments with GPIB interface.

Module 4 Signal generators: Fixed and variable AF oscillators AF sine and square wave generator. Function generator Square and pulse generator Random noise generator Sweep generator TV sweep generator Marker generator Sweep marker generator. Wobbiscope Video pattern generator Colour bar generator Vectroscope Beat frequency oscillator (BFO) frequency selective wave analyser Heterodyne wave analyser Harmonic distortion analyser Spectrum analyser Digital fourier analyser. Module 5 Measuring instruments :- Principle of operation of galvanometers, PMMC, Moving iron instrument Resistance measurement using Wheatstone bridge, Kelvin double bridge, Ohm meters AC bridges: Maxwell bridge - Maxwell wien bridge - Heys bridge- Schering bridge- Anderson bridgeCampbell bridge. References 1. Albert.D.Hellfrick, William Cooper: Modern Electronic Instrumentation & Measurments Techniques, Prentice Hall of India Ltd-2003 2. Oliver.B.H & Cag.J.M.: Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation, McGrawHill-1992 3. Sawhney A. K: A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation, Dhanapat Rai and Sons, New Delhi, 1995. 4. H.S.Kalsi: Electronic Instrumentation, Tata McGraw Hill, 1999 5. David Buchla, Wayne Melachlan: Applied Electronic Instrumentation& Measurements, Prentice Hall-1992 6. A.J.Bouwens: Digital Instrumentation, Tata McGrawHill 7. Rangan, C.S.Sharma: Instrumentation Devices & Systems, Tata McGrawHill

Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation Syllabus

Academic Year:2011-12 Download Subject Code:55023 L:4 T/P/D:1 Credits:4 Int. Marks:25 Ext. Marks:75 Total Marks:100 UNIT I: I Block Schematics of Measuring Systems, Performance Characteristics, Static Characteristics, Accuracy, Precision, Resolution, Types of Errors. Gaussian Error, Root Sum Squares formula. Dynamic Characteristics, Repeatability. Reproducibility. Fidelity, Lag; Measuring Instruments: DC Voltmeters, D'Arsonval Movement. DC Current Meters, AC Voltmeters and Current Meters. Ohmmeters, Multimeters, Meter Protection, Extension of Range, True RMS Responding Voltmeters, Specifications of Instruments. UNIT II: Electronic Voltmeters, Multimeters, AC, DC Meters. Digital Voltmeters: Electronic Voltmeters, Multimeters, AC, DC Meters. Digital Voltmeters: Ramp Type, Staircase Ramp, Dual slope_ Integrating type, Successive Approximation Type, Auto ranging, 31/2, 33/4 Digit display, Pico ammeter, High Resistance Measurements, Low Current Ammeter, Applications; Signal Generators: AF, RF Signal Generators. Sweep frequency Generators, Pulse and Square wave Generators, Function Generators. Arbitrary waveform Generator, Video signal Generators, Specifications. UNIT III: Signal Analyzers: Signal Analyzers: AF, HF Wave Analyzers. Harmonic Distortion, Heterodyne wave Analyzers, Spectrum Analyzers, Power Analyzers, Capacitance-Voltage Meters, Oscillators. UNIT IV: DC and AC Bridges: DC and AC Bridges: Wheat stone Bridge. Kelvin Bridge, AC Bridges, Maxwell, Hay, Sobering, Wien, Anderson Bridges, Resonance Bridge. Similar Angle Bridge. Wagners' ground connection. Twin T, Bridged T Networks, Detectors. UNIT V: Oscilloscopes: Oscilloscopes: CRT, Block Schematic of CRO, Time Base Circuits, Lissajous Figures, CRO Probes. High Frequency CRO Considerations. Delay lines. Applications, Specifications.

UNIT VI: Special purpose oscilloscopes: Special purpose oscilloscopes: Dual Trace, Dual Beam CROs. Sampling oscilloscopes. Storage oscilloscopes. Digital Storage CROs. Frequency Measurement, Period Measurement, Errors in Time/Frequency measurements, universal counters. Extension of range: Recorders: Strip-Chart. X-Y. Oscillographic recorders. UNIT VII: Transducers: Transducers: Classification, Strain gauges, Bonded, unbounded; Force and Displacement Transducers. Resistance Thermometers. Hotwire Anemometers, LVDT, Thermocouples, Synchros. Special Resistance Thermometers, Digital Temperature sensing system. Piezoelectric Transducers, Variable Capacitance Transducers. Magneto strictive Transducers. UNIT VIII: Measurement of Physical Parameters: Measurement of Physical Parameters: Flow Measurement. Displacement Meters, Liquid level Measurement, Measurement of Humidity and Moisture, Velocity, Force, Pressure High Pressure, Vacuum level, Temperature -Measurements, Data Acquisition Systems.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation - K. Lai Kishore, Pearson Education 2010. 2. Electronic Instrumentation: H.S.Kalsi -TMH, 2*Edition 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements - David A. Bell, Oxford Univ. Press, 1997. 2. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques: A.D. Helbincs. W.D. Cooper: PHI 5aEdition 2003. 3. Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation: B.M. Oliver, J.M. Cage TMH Reprint 2009. 4. Industrial Instrumentation: TR. Padmanabham Springer 2009.