Ficon IBM

S# 3415
Page 1
ESCON, FICON, and OSA Compared

Session # 3415
Connie K. Beuselinck IBM Corporation Poughkeepsie, N.Y. conniek@us.ibm.com March 6, 2002
Connectivity is
International Business Machines Corporation 2002
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
S# 3415
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Trademarks
The following are trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
390 ACF/VTAM* AIX* APPN* CICS* DB2* e-business logo* ESCON* GDPS* Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex*
* Registered trademarks of IBM Corporation
FICON HiperSockets HPR IBM* IBM logo* IMS Magstar* MVS/ESA Net.Data* Netfinity
OS/2* OS/390* Parallel Sysplex* pSeries RACF* RMF RS/6000* S/390* S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server Sysplex Timer
Virtual Image Facility* VM/ESA* VSE/ESA VTAM* WebSphere* xSeries z/OS zSeries z/VM
The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies.

Lotus, Notes, and Domino are trademarks or registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation LINUX is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds Penguin (Tux) complements of Larry Ewing Tivoli is a trademark of Tivoli Systems Inc. Java and all Java-related trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countries UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Microsoft, Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. SET and Secure Electronic Transaction are trademarks owned by SET Secure Electronic Transaction LLC.
* All other products may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Notes:
Performance is in Internal Throughput Rate (ITR) ratio based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput improvements equivalent to the performance ratios stated here. IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply. All customer examples cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual customer configurations and conditions. This publication was produced in the United States. IBM may not offer the products, services or features discussed in this document in other countries, and the information may be subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the product or services available in your area. IBM considers a product Year 2000 ready if the product, when used in accordance with its associated documentation, is capable of correctly processing, providing and/or receiving date data within and between the 20th and 21st centuries, provided that all products (for example, hardware, software and firmware) used with the product properly exchange accurate date data with it. Any statements concerning the Year 2000 readiness of any IBM products contained in this presentation are Year 2000 Readiness Disclosures, subject to the Year 2000 Information and Readiness Disclosure Act of 1998. All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. Information about non-IBM products is obtained from the manufacturers of those products or their published announcements. IBM has not tested those products and cannot confirm the performance, compatibility, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products.
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
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Agenda
Data Center / Network Then and Now Performance Evolution The Beginning Parallel Channel Converters
Fiber Tutorial ESCON Channel Architecture Features Channel Sparing Conversion Kits
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Agenda
FICON
Channel
Migration
ESCON to FICON ESCON to OSA
Architecture Bridge, Native Features ESCON and FICON CTC Connectivity Examples ESCON/FICON Directors Open Systems Adapter (OSA)
Architecture, Features
Distance MCP Cables The Future

Data Rates Light Budgets Distance
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Data Center: 1964

Processor to Device 400 feet (122 meters)
Tape DASD
Card Reader Printer
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Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Environment

Data Center
3174 Controller
X
LAN
WAN
Hub
LAN
DASD
X
ESCON Director
Tape
Interconnect Router Controller
Switch
Printers
Router
LAN
Front End Processor (FEP)
Controller
WAN
WAN
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CMOS Uni-Processor Performance
Relative Performance
zSeries 900 CMOS-99 = 9672-G6

BIPOLAR CMOS
200 100 50 30 20
CMOS-98 = 9672-G5
CMOS-97 = 9672-G4 CMOS-96 = 9672-G3 CMOS-95 = 9672-R2/R3 CMOS-94 = 9672-R1
10
9221-170
5 3 2
9221-150
Performance x 2 every 4 to 5 years

9370-50
Performance x 2 every 12-24 months

Year
1 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000
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Evolution of the Architecture

00 '99 '98 '97 '96 '95 '94 Subspace Group Facility ADMF Data Compression '93 Asynchronous Pageout Facility '92 PAF Enh Move Page '91 ICRF Sysplex Timer-001 90 89 88 85 81 80 72 '70 64 BMPX 64-bit real PCI Crypto zSeries G6 G5 G4 G3 9672 R3/R4 9672 Suppress on Protec SACF Logical String Assist Sub Store Protect Improved VF DB2 Sort Assist ES/9000 Move Page PR/SM Vector Facility 3090 3081 Virtual Storage S/370 3 7 0 Data Streaming X A 4.5 MB Channels ESCON channels - 10MB/sec ESCON channels - 17MB/sec ESCON CTC Basic Mode ESCON Director - 9032 Model 3 ESCON Director - 9033 Model 4 ESCON Director - 9032 Model 5 E S A / 3 7 0 E S A / 3 9 0 711-based
Instruction Set
New Instructions - PLO/Immediate New Instructions - TCP/IP Sysplex Timer-002 Crypto
Addressing
Application Preservation SAP Reassign
Data Format Remains Same
Engines
S/360
Investment Protection
ESCON XDF EMIF Coupling Facility Byte Device Support Ethernet Token Ring FDDI ATM ICF CF HiPerLinks Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet FICON ISC-3
Architecture
z / A r c h i t e c t u r e
Attachment Protocol
Fiber Technology
16-port ESCON
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The speed barrier; theoretical vs. actual

170 mph (120 - actual) 270 km/h (190 km - actual) 75 mph 120 km/h
ATM
CRH bus ESCON 20 MB 17 MB
155 Mbps
FICON; 100 MB Gigabit Ethernet, 1 Gbps
180
Token Ring Fast Ethernet
100 Mbps
20 100
ISC-3; 2 Gbps (Gigabits per second)
12
100
140
16
2000
8
60
MB / sec.
400 Mbps 20 Mbps 10,000 Token Ring Mbps 16 Mbps Ethernet 4 MB

10 Mbps
Around the corner . . 4 Gigabit 10 Gigabit
10 Gigabit Ethernet
Mbps= Megabits per second MB/sec. = MegaBytes per second

International Business Machines Corporation 2002 All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
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Actual throughput potential

2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400
ESCON Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet
2 Gigabit
ISC-3
1 Gigabit
FICON
FICON Express
200 0
CRH
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I/O Subsystem Bus

The transformation of the I/O subsystem continues in support of higher speed interfaces FICON OSA-Express InterSystem Channel-3 (ISC-3) CRH bus = 20 MegaByte (Channel Request Handler) Used by I/O since 1990 STI bus = 333 MegaByte (Self-Timed Interconnect) Used by FICON and OSA-Express beginning in 1999 on G5/G6 Servers STI bus = 1 GigaByte Introduced with the zSeries 900
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zSeries Logical Structure

z900 MultiChip Module (MCM) with 20 PUs (Processing Units)
35 logic chips in total on a 20 PU MCM
ETR ETR
STI
Cluster 0
MBA 1
PU00
L1
STI
MBA 0
PU01
L1
PU02
L1
PU03
L1
PU04
L1
PU05
L1
PU06
L1
PU07
L1
PU08
L1
PU09
L1
Crypto 0 Crypto 1
Cache control Chip and cache data Chips 16 MB L2 Shared Cache

Clock
Memory card 0
Memory card 2
Cache control Chip and cache data Chips 16 MB L2 Shared Cache
L1
L1 PU0B
L1
L1 PU0D
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
L1
Memory card 1 MBA 3
Memory card 3
MBA 2
PU0A
PU0C
PU0E
PU0F
PU10
PU11
PU12
PU13
Cluster 1
ICB 333 MByte/sec.
STI
333 MByte STIs
Compatibility cI/O Cage (Optional)
STI
ICB-3 1 GByte/sec...... 1 GByte STIs
nI/O Cage
I/O Domains - - - >
1 2 3
1234567
z800 5-PU Logical Structure

Processor card
STI = Self-Timed Interconnect

Memory Left bank DIMMS and Key Store
PU0
L1
Right bank DIMMS
MCM
PU4
L1
Memory
PU1
L1
Crypto 0
MC0
1 Cache Control Chip + 2 Cache Data Chips 8 MB Shared L2 Cache
MC1
Crypto 1
L1
L1
up to 32GB total Memory
PU2
MBA
Clock
PU3
Memory Key Store

STI- Links 1 Gbyte/s
Memory
ETR-Links ICB-3 Links 1 Gbyte/s (To other z800 or z900)
Up to 16 I/O features
I 2 3
I / O Cage
4 < - - I/O Domains
All Rights Reserved

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IBM S/360 and S/370 I/O Interface

Pa ral le Ch l an n Ca el rd
4-port
Pa ral le Ch l an n Ca el rd
3-port
zSeries 800
Statement of General Direction October 3, 2000 The z900 will be the last family of servers to provide a parallel channel feature
X
CU CU CU
zSeries 900 S/390 ES/9000
S/360
400 feet (122 meters)
CU
CU
CU
CU
CU
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Optica Converter
OPTICA CONVERTER for Parallel Attachments
34600 FXBT ESCON Converters

Provides ESCON-to-parallel protocol conversion One converter required for each parallel channel Compatible with IBM 9034-001 Standalone unit or rack mountable (8 units per rack) Can be field installed, configured, and maintained Maintenance provided by IBM or Optica
Available directly from Optica at:

www.opticatech.com
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Components of a connection: Data flow

Server Feature
(min.)
Transceiver
LED, Laser (SX, LX)
Connector
Fiber
50 or 62.5 micron Multimode (MM)
FLASH
FLASH
LC Duplex MM
(m in.)
LC Duplex SM
9 micron Single mode (SM)
LED SX
DATA
Multimode Fiber
LX
DATA
Single Mode Fiber

LED = Light Emitting Diode Laser: SX = Short Wavelength, LX = Long Wavelength
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March 6, 2002
Light Sources: LED or Laser
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Fiber Optic Technology: Cross-section

Multimode (MM) fiber " Multiple paths" for the light to travel
LED
SX
Single mode (SM) fiber "Single path" for the light to travel
LX *
Long Wavelength Laser
or
Light Emitting Diode Short Wavelength Laser
Core 50 or 62.5 micron diameter Cladding 125 micron diameter Outer coating 250 micron diameter
Core 9 micron diameter
Cladding 125 micron diameter Outer coating 250 micron diameter
For comparison purposes this is the relative size of a human hair ( @ 70 microns)
* Single Mode support on ESCON Director Model 5 is referred to as XDF - Extended Distance Feature
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IBM Enterprise Systems CONnection 1990

S/390 ES/9000
E Ch SCO a N Ca nne l rd
EMIF (12/92)
EMIF EMIF
ESCON Duplex Connector LED (Light Emitting Diode) Multimode (MM) fiber
CU
CU
CU
CU
CU
CU
CU
CU
Fiber optic cabling Light weight Extended distance Higher speeds Non-disruptive changes
SC Duplex Connector
XDF (Extended Distance Feature) Single Mode (SM) fiber support on ESCON Director Model 5
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ESCON Architecture
ESCON Circuit Switching Read or write; Half-duplex data transfers Connection-oriented Dedicated path pre-established When data sent channel is locked Synchronous data transfer
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ESCON Frames
ESCON Frame
Server
ESCON Director
CU-A
CU-B ESCON Channel Half duplex CU-C CU-D
One fiber pair; half duplex data transfer 17MB/sec maximum data transfer Any one I/O operation at a time per
ESCON Control Units
ESCON channel
Logically daisy-chained control units to a single channel take turns
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March 6, 2002
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ESCON Command/Data Transfer
ESCON Channel
CCW1
Control Unit
cmd End cmd End
Device
CE/DE
CCW2
CE/DE
CCW3
cmd
CE/DE
End
CCW=Channel Control Word
CE=Channel End
DE=Device End
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zSeries ESCON: Now 16 ports

New connector: MTRJ Supports 62.5 multimode fiber Ordering Increment - 4 channels
Feature # 2324 (ESCON Channel Port)
Features supplied in increments of two ESCON Duplex MM Active ports - controlled by Licensed Internal Code, Control Code (LIC CC) Feature Last unused port is not activated Quantity
Used as a spare
MTRJ MM
Feature # 2323; 16-port card (15 can be active, one is spare)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Number of Channels 4 - 28 32 - 60 64 - 88 92 - 120 124 - 148 152 - 180 184 - 208 212 - 240 244 - 256
z800 z900
18 card x 15 ports = 270

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Page Intentionally Left Blank

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16-port ESCON: LIC CC Enabled

57 20 25 6E
BF
35
CHPID Number
J00 J01 J02 J03 J04 J05 J06 J07 J08 J09 J10 J11 J12 J13 J14 J15
57 20
35 BF 8A 78
LICCC ENABLEMENT
AD D Ch 4 an ES ne CO ls N N CO els ES n 4 han C
SPARE CHANNEL
SPARE CHANNEL
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16-port ESCON Channel Sparing

Failure
35 BF 8A 78 J00 J01 J02 J03 J04 J05 J06 J07 J08 J09 J10 J11 J12 J13 J14 J15 J00 J01 J02 J03 J04 J05 J06 J07 J08 J09 J10 J11 J12 J13 J14 J15 20 25 6E 78 57 BF 57 20 25 6E
35
CHPID Number
8A
RT PO ! RE Ps ILU OO FA
SPARE CHANNELS
SPARE CHANNELS
All Rights Reserved
Channel Sparing
L NE G AN IN CH PAR S
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IBM Enterprise Systems CONnection

3- & 4-port ESCON
S/390 zSeries MTRJ Connector zSeries
ESCON Duplex Connector
ES/9000
16-port ESCON
12/92 (EMIF)
ESCON and fiber optic cabling

Light weight Extended distances Higher speeds Non-disruptive changes
CU CU
EMIF
EMIF
CU
CU
CU
CU
CU
CU
All Rights Reserved
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Conversion Kits
My connectors are different from one another. Now what?
MTRJ MM Connector
ESCON Duplex MM Connector
LC Duplex SM Connector
SC Duplex SM Connector
Conversion Kits to the rescue

Offered as features on z900 only
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FIbre CONnection Architecture

FICON
Packet Switching Simultaneous read and write Full-duplex data transfers Connectionless Packets individually routed When data sent channel is released Asynchronous data transfer
ESCON
Circuit Switching Read or write Half-duplex data transfers Connection-oriented Dedicated path pre-established When data sent channel is locked Synchronous data transfer
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FICON builds on Fibre Channel Standard

FC-SB-2 FICON
Audio / Video IPI / SCSI / HIPPI / SB / IP P / 802.2
FC-4
Mapping
Multimedia
Channels Upper Level Protocol (ULP)
Networks
FICON is an addition to the upper layer (FC-4) protocol FICON (FC-SB-2) is compatible with existing lower layers FICON (FC-SB-2) has been accepted as a NCITS (ANSI) standard
FC-3 FC-2
Signaling Protocol
Common Services
Framing Protocol / Flow Control
FC-1
Transmission Protocol
Encode / Decode
FC-PH
http://www.t11.org
FC-0
Interface / Media
Physical Characteristics Single Mode Fibre / Multimode Fibre / Copper
Fiber Cabling for FICON & FCP
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FICON Command/Data Transfer

CCW=Channel Control Word CE=Channel End DE=Device End
FICON Channel
CCW1 CCW2 CCW3
Control Unit
cmd End cmd End cmd End
Device
CE/DE
Channel can communicate with other devices on same or different control unit
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FICON Bridge and FICON Native Frames

ESCON Frames
1 2 3 . 8
CU-A
B
IBM 9032 Model 5 ESCON Director

FICON Frames
B C A
Server
FICON Bridge Frames

One fiber pair Full duplex data transfer Any eight I/O operations at a time per FICON channel
CU-B
C
CU-C
H
CU-H
FICON Bridge Card
Full Duplex
FICON Channel
ESCON Control Units
FICON Frames
A A
FICON Control Units

CU-A
Server
A
FICON Director
FICON Frames B A
A
B
Native FICON
FICON Channel
A B
One fiber pair Full duplex data transfer Up to 32 I/O operations concurrently
Full Duplex
B
CU-B
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FIbre CONnection (FICON)

August, 1999
Light weight
EMIF EMIF
Greater extended distance Even higher speeds Non-disruptive changes

CU CU CU CU CU CU CU CU
FICON Bridge
FICON Native
Feature FICON Express, zSeries October, 2001 FICON Express, zSeries October, 2001 FICON, G5/G6 and z900 August, 1999 FICON, G5/G6 and z900 March, 2001
Transceiver LX
Connector
Fiber 9 micron single mode 50 or 62.5 micron multimode 9 micron single mode 50 or 62.5 micron multimode
March 6, 2002
LC Duplex SX LC Duplex LX SC Duplex SX SC Duplex
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FICON Express and FICON

Two Channel Path IDentifier (CHPID) types
FICON Bridge - FCV Native FICON - FC (Fibre Channel) Also supports CTC
zSeries FICON Express

( min.)
FICON Express LX (zSeries only); 10/31/01

LX Laser
FLASH
zSeries feature #2319 Two ports of LX per feature Supports 9 micron single mode fiber Accommodates 50, 62.5 micron multimode fiber at reduced distances using MCP cables for 1 Gigabit links only
FLASH
( min.)
FICON Express SX (zSeries only); 10/31/01

SX Laser
z900 FICON
( min.)
zSeries feature #2320 Two ports of SX per feature Supports 50, 62.5 micron multimode fiber
PCI Adapter
FLASH
FICON LX (long wavelength)

LX Laser
z900 feature # 2315 (not available after 10/30/01) Two ports of LX per feature G5/G6 feature #2314 One port of LX per feature Supports 9 micron single mode fiber Accommodates 50, 62.5 micron multimode fiber at reduced distances using MCP cables
FLASH
( min.)
PCI Adapter
G5/G6 FICON
FICON SX (short wavelength)

z900 feature #2318 (not available after 10/30/01) Two ports of SX per feature G5/G6 feature #2316 One port of SX per feature Supports 50, 62.5 micron multimode fiber
March 6, 2002
SX Laser
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ESCON and FICON CTC

FICON Channel-to-Channel function is for host-to-host communication The traffic can flow server-to-server or through a FICON Director FICON Channel-To-Channel (CTC) has higher bandwidth potential FICON CTC provides greater addressing capabilities ESCON supports 512 addresses FICON supports 16K addresses Allows CTC function to be fully integrated within a native FICON channel (FC) No unique CTC CHPID and CNC CHPID Multiplexes CTC traffic with native FICON channel traffic Channel is not dedicated to the Control Unit (CU) function The CU function will always reside in a channel with z900 10/01 Licensed Internal Code (LIC) FC channel dynamically determines which side will contain the CU function HCD does not need to verify CU end. Both sides are FC Load balancing z900 FICON or FICON Express Channel (with 10/01 LIC) automatically determines which z900 will provide the control unit function Where the CU function resides is dependent upon the "load" of the channel (number of CTC CUs already operational) Algorithm load-balances Exploiters: XCF and VTAM MPC
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ESCON and FICON Channel-To-Channel

z900 or G5/G6
CTC CNC
ESCON Director
CTC CNC
z900 or G5/G6
ESCON CTC Connectivity requires a pair of ESCON channels (CTC and CNC) CNC/CTC function defined at channel level max. 120 LCUs, max. 512 CTC unit addresses per channel All FICON channels defined as FC or FCV FCTC / FC function negotiated between z800s or z900s at 10/01 LIC Only z800s or z900s at 10/01LIC can perform FCTC function with z900 at 12/00 LIC or G5/G6 Max. 255 LCUs, max. 16K CTC unit addresses per channel FICON channel can be shared between CTC and I/O function
z800 or z900 at 10/01 LIC
zSeries 900 12/00 LIC
FC
FC
FCTC Function
FICON Director
FC Function
FCTC
FC Function
FCTC with 10/01 LIC
FC CU
z800 or z900 at 10/01 LIC ESS
FC
G5/G6 Server
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FICON Connectivity Options:

FICON Bridge (FCV)
zSeries
LX
Sender and Receiver must be the same

Native FICON (FC) Switched
zSeries G5/G6
Native FICON (FC) Direct Attachment

zSeries
LX
G5/G6
LX
G5/G6
SX SX LX
FICON
LX LX SX LX
OK
1-8
LED LED LED LX SX
ESCON
LED
ESCON CU
LED
ESCON CU
LED
ESCON CU
LX
LX
SX
LX
FICON CU
SX
FICON CU
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FICON Connectivity Options

FICON Bridge (FCV)
FICON LX Bridge Card in ESCON Director Model 5 One port on bridge card Can use to establish up to 8 concurrent dynamic connections to any 8 different ESCON ports in the same 9032-5
Native FICON (FC) Direct Attachment

Native FICON devices IBM Enterprise Storage Server LX and SX IBM Magstar 3590 A60 LX and SX IBM Infoprint 4100 LX and SX IBM Infoprint Color 130 Plus LX only
Native FICON (FC) Switched

Full dynamic switching of FICON control units Fibre Channel Directors 2032 (LX, SX) McDATA 2042 (LX, SX) INRANGE Reseller agreements
1-8
LED LED
LED LX LX SX LX SX LX
LX
SX
ESCON
LED
ESCON CU
LED
ESCON CU
LED
ESCON CU
SX
SX
FICON CU
March 6, 2002
FICON CU
All Rights Reserved
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ESCON Director: 9032 Model 5

Any-to-any connectivity
Any port can connect to any other port
Up to 248 ports
Up to 124 active, simultaneous connections
Minimum configuration
Three LED port cards - 24 LED ports Zero FICON Bridge cards
Maximum configuration - Up to 31 cards

ESCON port cards (31) FICON Bridge cards (16)
FICON Bridge card (one port)

Can establish up to 8 concurrent, dynamic connections to any 8 different ESCON ports in the same 9032-005
Port cards - increments of one card

LED port card - 8 ports
Supports 62.5 micron multimode fiber
ESCON Duplex Connector
XDF port card - 8 ports

Supports 9 micron single mode fiber
SC Duplex connector (LX laser)
FICON Bridge card - 1 port
Interior of 9032 Model 5
LX feature only Supports 9 micron single mode fiber

SC Duplex connector (LX laser)
All Rights Reserved
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FICON Directors
IBM Machine Type > > > > 2032-001 2032-064 2042-001 2042-128
Machine Type Vendor Reseller Agreement Native FICON Support Minimum number of ports Maximum number of ports High availability features Hot-pluggable cards Ports per card Port increments Long wavelength (LX) and Short wavelength (SX) Connector In-Band Management
ED-5000 McDATA
withdrawn from marketing 09/28/01
ED-6064 McDATA Yes Yes 24 64 Yes Yes 4 4

Card-based LC Duplex
FC/9000 INRANGE Yes Yes 24 64 Yes Yes 8 8

Port-based SC Duplex
FC/9000 INRANGE Yes Yes 48 128 Yes Yes 8 8

Port-based SC Duplex
Yes 4 32 Yes Yes 4 4

Card-based SC Duplex
Yes
Yes
All Rights Reserved
Yes
Yes
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Open Systems Adapter

Heterogeneous Environment
OSA = Family of LAN Adapters Characteristics of a channel Direct connection to network Reduced cost of connectivity OSA-2 Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI October, 1995 155 ATM August, 1996 Fast Ethernet April, 1998 OSA-Express Gigabit Ethernet June, 1999 Fast Ethernet, 155 ATM January, 2000 Token Ring October, 2001
Server
Hub
Simultaneous connections?
LAN
Switch
Server
Router
Controller
WAN
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Open Systems Adapter-2 (OSA-2) FDDI

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) 100 Mbps Optional feature on zSeries 900 In compatibility I/O cage Not offered on zSeries 800 Optional feature on G5/G6 Minimum of zero features Maximum of 12 features/ports One port per feature Carries TCP/IP and SNA/APPN/HPR traffic Supports 62.5 micron multimode fiber
Statement of General Direction, October 4, 2001 IBM intends, at a future date, to no longer offer a FDDI feature. The z900 will be the last family of servers to provide a FDDI feature.
SC Duplex MM
OSA-2 FDDI
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Queued Direct Input/Output (QDIO)

z/OS, OS/390, z/VM, VM/ESA, Linux, TPF For TCP/IP traffic only
For SNA/APPN traffic use TN3270, Enterprise Extender
QDIO
Host Memory
Non-QDIO
Host Memory
New design for network communication

Reduces SAP Utilization Reduces CPU Utilization Reduces Response Time
STI
GbE
IOP
QDIO incorporates:
1. IP Assist
MAC handling, ARP function, packet filtering Building/maintaining IP address table IP Multicast
Channel
CRH
ESCON
Control Unit
OSA
2. LPAR-to-LPAR Communication 3. Direct Memory Access (DMA) Protocol

Memory-to-memory communication
I/O interrupts minimized Continuous direct data exchanges
LAN
4. Ease of Use; no customization required

Network definitions built dynamically
GbE, Fast Ethernet, 155 ATM Ethernet LANE, Token Ring

Channel-attached device
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Open Systems Adapter (OSA) Express

Optional Feature on zSeries Optional Feature on G5/G6 Cabling and connectors vary, depending upon media type Maximum of 12 features: Ports = 12 (G5/G6) or 24 (z900)
NIC = Network Interface Card
LPS LPS
( min.)
Each zSeries feature has two ports identically configured

1. Fast Ethernet (10/100 Mbps) Capable of achieving line speed * 2. Token Ring (4/16/100 Mbps) (on zSeries only) Capable of achieving line speed * 3. Gigabit Ethernet SX (short wavelength laser) 50, 62.5 multimode fiber 4. Gigabit Ethernet LX (long wavelength laser) 9 single mode fiber; accommodates 50, 62.5 multimode fiber at reduced distances using MCP cables Capable of achieving 1 Gbps * (z900) Capable of achieving 400 - 560 Mbps * (G5/G6)
SC Duplex SM
FLASH FLASH
NIC
LPS
( min.)
NIC
LPS
zSeries
G5/G6
SC Duplex MM
5. 155 ATM SM (LX laser), 9 single mode (155 Mbps) 6. 155 ATM MM (LED), 62.5 multimode (155 Mbps) Capable of achieving line speed *
* Actual throughput is dependent upon customer environment

SC Duplex connectors used for GbE and ATM features

March 6, 2002
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OSA-Express Potential
1200
1000 Megabits per second (Mbps) 10 Ethernet 16 Token Ring 100 Ethernet 100 Token Ring 155 ATM Gigabit Ethernet, G5/G6 Gigabit Ethernet, zSeries
GbE zSeries
800
600
400
GbE G5 G6 155 ATM
200
10 E
0
16 TR
100 E
1OO TR
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
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Page 44
Ethernet Coexistence
= 1 Gbps, fiber = 100 Mbps, Category 5 copper = 10 Mbps, Category 3 copper
1 Gbps 1 Gbps 100 Mb 1 Gbps
100 Mb
Marketing 10 / 100 Mb
1 Gbps 100 Mb
Administration 10 Mb
100 Mb
Manufacturing 10 Mb
1 Gbps 1 Gbps 1 Gbps 100 Mb
Development 10 / 100 Mb
1 Gbps
Manufacturing 10 Mb
1 Gbps GbE Switch 1 Gbps 100 Mb
Data Center 1 Gigabit

Customer Support 10 Mb
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
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Page 45
FICON Express/FICON - Breaking the Barrier

I/Os per second (k)
4k block sizes, Channel 100% utilized 1200 3200 5000 6000 | 3600 6000 7200
FICON Express
MB/sec throughput
100
17 MB 80 MB 100 MB
FICON Express
7 6 5 4
FICON FICON Express FICON
80
FICON
60
FICON
FICON
3 2
ESCON
40
20
FCV G5/G6 FCV z900 FC G5/G6 FC z900
1 0
ESCON
FCV = FICON Bridge
FC = Native FICON
0
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
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ESCON, FICON Bridge, FICON Native

ESCON
Server
CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8
FICON Bridge
Server
CH1
FICON Native
Server
CH1
Bridge card
9032-5 9032-5 FICON Director
v e
Media = Disk
Media = Disk
Media = Disk
Bridge
ESCON
I/O operations at a time Average start I/Os/second per channel (4k block size) Utilization of channel Unit addresses per channel Bandwidth degradation
Bridge
z900 FICON
Bridge
z900 FICON Express
Native
G5/G6 FICON
Up to 32
Native
z900 FICON
Up to 32
Native
z900 FICON Express
Up to 32
G5/G6 FICON
Any eight
Any one 300 25% 1K

Beyond 9 km
Any eight
2500 50% 16K
Beyond 100 km
Any eight
3000 50% 16K
Beyond 100 Km
1600 50% 16K

Beyond 100 km
1800 50% 16K

Beyond 100 km
3000 50% 16K

Beyond 100 km
3600 50% 16K

Beyond 100 km
March 6, 2002
All Rights Reserved
S# 3415
Page 47
OSA-Express GbE + QDIO + G5/G6 Server

5 : 1 RATIO
ESCON
Web Server FTP/TSM
CS for OS/390 R7
Web Server FTP/TSM

CS for OS/390 R7
OSA-Express GbE
ESCON
GbE
Switch
Router
Requirement: 50 MB/sec. Required Resources: GbE 5 - 10 MB/sec. ESCON ports 5 - Fiber optic cables 5 - CHPIDs Switch 5 - IP addresses 5 - ports on router
GbE
Gigabit Backbone
GbE
Gigabit Backbone
Requirement: 50 MB/sec. Required Resources: 1 - 50 MB/sec. GbE port 1 - Fiber optic cable 1 - CHPID 1 - IP address Directly connected to switch
TSM = Tivoli Storage Manager (replaced ADSM)
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
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Page 48
A Partnership: GbE + QDIO + zSeries

12 : 1 RATIO
ESCON
TCP/IP Applications Web Servers TCP/IP Applications Web Servers
OSA-Express GbE
CS for OS/390 R7
CS for OS/390 R7
GbE
ESCON
Router
GbE
Objective: 125 MB/sec. Required Resources: >12 - 10 MB/sec. ESCON ports >12 - Fiber optic cables >12 - CHPIDs >12 - IP addresses >12 - Ports on routers
Router
Switch
GbE
Gigabit Backbone
Switch
GbE
Gigabit Backbone
Objective: 125 MB/sec. Required Resources: 1 - 125 MB/sec. GbE port 1 - Fiber optic cable 1 - CHPID (zero blocked) 1 - IP address Directly connected to switch Jumbo frames used
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
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Page 49
Unrepeated Distance Maximums

TRANSCEIVER
FEATURE
FICON Express FICON OSA Express GbE
FIBER TYPE
UNREPEATED DISTANCE FICON 500 meters (1,640 feet) 175 meters * * 250 meters (820 feet) 550 meters (1,804 feet) 550 meters (1,804 feet)
UNREPEATED DISTANCE Gigabit Ethernet 550 meters (1,804 feet)
SX
50 micron multimode
SX
FICON Express FICON OSA Express GbE FICON Express FICON OSA Express GbE FICON Express FICON OSA Express GbE ISC-3, ISC-2, ISC-1 FICON Express FICON OSA Express GbE
62.5 micron multimode
275 meters (902 feet)
LX
50 micron multimode with a pair of MCP cables 62.5 micron multimode with a pair of MCP cables
550 meters (1,804 feet) 550 meters (1,804 feet)
LX
LX
9 micron single mode
10 kilometers * (6.2 miles)
5 kilometers (3.1 miles)
* 20 km via RPQ
** Correction of what is currently published to align with Fibre Channel Standard specification
March 6, 2002
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Unrepeated Distance Examples
Control Unit
Parallel point-to-point Copper cable
122 meters (400 feet)
ESCON 3 km MM 9032
ESCON point-to-point 62.5 micron multimode (MM) fiber
3 km (1.86 miles)
FICON 10 km 9 micron single mode (SM) fiber
9032 w/FICON Bridge
FICON point-to-point
10 km (6.2 miles)
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
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Page 51
Repeated Distance Examples

ESCON switched w / XDF 9032 3 Km 62.5 MM 20 Km Single Mode 9032 3 Km 62.5 MM
CU
26 km (16 miles)
FICON 10 Km Single Mode
9032 w/FICON Bridge
FICON / ESCON switched w / 9032 XDF 20 Km Single Mode
9032 3 Km 62.5 MM
CU
33 km ( 20.5 miles)
March 6, 2002
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ESCON / FICON Distances

ESCON Tape Vaulting
Local Site SM XDF 20 km Remote Site
ESCON CU ESCON CU
FICON Tape Vaulting

Local Site
FICON FICON FICON FICON Switch
Remote Site SM 10 km
FICON Bridge 9032-5 FICON CU FICON CU FICON CU FICON CU ESCON CU ESCON CU
LED
MM
Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex Site A Site B SM LED XDF 20 km MM

ESCON CU ESCON CU
Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex Site A Site B

FICON FICON
SM 10 km
FICON Bridge 9032-5

ESCON CU ESCON CU
FICON Switch
FICON FICON
ESCON Director required at both sites Data Rate Droop starting at 9 km
ESCON Director at only one site Data rate droop negligible at 10 km (no repeaters) Data rate droop negligible at 100 km with repeaters
100 65
20 17.6
Data Rate MB/sec. Data Rate MB/sec.
45 25
10 9
3.4 8.5 9 23 60
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
ESCON Data Rate Droop
Distance in km
FICON Data Rate Droop
Distance in km
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
S# 3415
Page 53
Mode Conditioning Patch (MCP) Cables

zSeries
9 micron single mode fiber

LX
50 or 62.5 micron multimode fiber infrastructure
9 micron single mode fiber

LX
I have a multimode fiber infrastructure. Now what?
MCP Cables can be used

(for 1 Gigabit links only) A pair is required for each link Offered as features on z900 only
March 6, 2002
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MCP Cabling Example - FICON Bridge

FICON
MCP Cable
Existing 62.5 um MM fiber
ESCON
MCP Cable
LED CU LED CU
When the feature is LX, LX 9 micron SM fiber is required. If the infrastructure is MM fiber, either 50 or 62.5 micron, MCP cables are used.
T R
B A
B A
T R
LX
LED CU
zSeries
LX FCV
MCP
MM
MCP
LX FCV
9032 005
LED CU
LED CU
Distance End-to-End 550 meters (1,804 feet)
LED CU
LED CU
MCP = Mode Conditioning Patch

LED CU
March 6, 2002
S# 3415
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FICON LX and MCPs

Mode Conditioning Patch (MCP) cable is 2 meters (6.5 feet) in length Enables reuse of existing ESCON multimode fiber optic cables 62.5 micron multimode fiber supported up to 550 meters (1,804 feet) Feature #0106 - 62.5 micron, SC Duplex Connector / ESCON Duplex receptacle Conditions light to carry traffic over multimode fiber Requires two Mode Conditioning Patch (MCP) cables per link; one at each end
SC Duplex Connector
ESCON Duplex Receptacle
ESCON Duplex Receptacle
SC Duplex Connector
MCP Cable
FICON Feature
2 meters (6.5 feet)
Existing multimode fiber
MCP Cable
2 meters (6.5 feet)
FICON Bridge Feature
550 meters maximum (1,804 feet)
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
S# 3415
Page 56
z900 MCP Cables (choose from eight)

Each of these cables is 2 meters (6.5 feet) in length There is a link loss budget of 5.0 dB when using MCP cables
Applicable Feature
FICON LX OSA Express Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) LX OSA Express GbE LX FICON LX OSA Express GbE LX ISC-3 (compatibility mode only) FICON Express LX FICON Express LX FICON Express LX
MCP Cable Feature # 0103 Connector Receptacle Type of Fiber Optic Cable
SC Duplex
ESCON Duplex
9 micron (u) single mode (SM) to 50 u multimode (MM) 9u SM to 50u MM
0104
SC Duplex
SC Duplex
0105
SC Duplex
SC Duplex
9u SM to 62.5u MM
0106
SC Duplex
ESCON Duplex
9u SM to 62.5u MM
0108
LC Duplex
SC Duplex
9u SM to 50u MM
0109 *
LC Duplex
SC Duplex
9u SM to 62.5u MM
0111 *
LC Duplex
ESCON Duplex
All Rights Reserved
9u SM to 62.5u MM
* New October, 2001
March 6, 2002
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z900 Conversion Kits (choose from eight)

Each of these cables is 2 meters (6.5 feet) in length
Applicable Feature ISC-3 FICON Express LX ESCON (16 ports) FICON Express SX FICON Express SX FICON Express SX FICON Express SX FICON SX FICON LX Conversion Kit Feature # 0110 2325 2326 * 2327 * 2328 * 2329 * 2330 * 2331 * Connector LC Duplex MTRJ LC Duplex LC Duplex LC Duplex LC Duplex SC Duplex SC Duplex Receptacle SC Duplex ESCON Duplex SC Duplex SC Duplex ESCON Duplex MTRJ LC Duplex LC Duplex Type of Fiber Optic Cable 9 micron (u) single mode 62.5u multimode 50u multimode 62.5u multimode 62.5u multimode 62.5u multimode 62.5u multimode 9u single mode
March 6, 2002
* New October, 2001
All Rights Reserved
S# 3415
Page 58
Page Intentionally Left Blank

March 6, 2002
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Multimode Fiber vs. Single Mode Fiber

Question: Is there a performance difference if I use multimode fiber instead of single mode fiber? Answer: No. The type of fiber has no impact on the performance. The performance/throughput characteristics are dependent upon the technology being used (example: ESCON, FICON, Gigabit Ethernet, Coupling Links). Question: Is there a distance impact if I use multimode fiber instead of single mode fiber? Answer: Yes. Question: Can multimode fiber be used with higher speed technologies? Answer: When the performance capability of the technology is 2 Gigabits per second (Gbps) / 200 MB/sec. and beyond, the ability to support the payload (data) utilizing multimode fiber is limited. The maximum unrepeated distance is greatly decreased and the strength of the light signal is reduced.
March 6, 2002
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Fibre Channel Specification Requirements

As a light signal traverses a fiber optic cable, the light signal loses strength dB (deciBel) is the metric used to measure the signal strength (loss or gain) Factors that contribute to the loss of signal strength Number of connections (Conversion kits, MCP cables, jumpers, trunks, patch panels) Length of the fiber optic cable Number of splices
1 Gigabit / sec link
Fiber Core in Microns (u) 9 u SM Light Source LX laser Fiber Bandwidth @1300 nm 500 MHz @ 850 nm 160 MHz * @ 850 nm Unrepeated Distance 10 km 32, 802 feet 500 meters 1640 feet 250 meters 820 feet Link Loss Budget 7.8 dB
2 Gigabit / sec link

Unrepeated Distance 10 km 32,802 feet 300 meters 984 feet 120 meters 394 feet Link Loss Budget 7.8 dB
4 Gigabit link
Unrepeated Distance 10 km 32,808 feet 150 meters 492 feet 55 meters 180 feet
/ sec
Link Loss Budget 7.8 dB
50 u MM
SX laser
3.88 dB
2.78 dB
2.26 dB
62.5 u MM *
SX laser
2.80 dB
2.22 dB
2.10 dB
* Most often applicable to currently installed ESCON environments
Compare to ESCON link loss budget of 8.0 dB

March 6, 2002
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Fibre Channel: High Data Rates and Distance

1 Gbps 2 Gbps 4 Gbps 10 km (6.2 miles) 10 km (6.2 miles) 10 km (6.2 miles) 9 micron SM
1 Gbps 2 Gbps 4 Gbps 150 meters 492 feet

1 Gbps 2 Gbps
120 meters 394 feet 250 meters 820 feet
300 meters 984 feet
500 meters 1640 feet
50 micron MM
62.5 micron MM
SM = Single Mode Fiber MM = Multimode Fiber
4 Gbps 55 meters 180 feet
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
S# 3415
Page 62
Fibre Channel: Light Loss Budget at High Data Rates

9 micron 9 8 dB Light Budget 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 MB ESCON
FC = Fibre Channel SM = Single Mode Fiber MM = Multimode Fiber
50 micron
62.5 micron
7.8 8
7.8
7.8
9 micron SM
3.88 2.78 2.8 2.22

1 Gigabit FC 2 Gigabit FC
2.26 2.1
50 micron MM 62.5 micron MM
4 Gigabit FC
TECHNOLOGY
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
S# 3415
Page 63
Complete the Puzzle

Data Center / Network Performance Evolution Parallel Channel Converters Fiber Tutorial ESCON Channel Channel Sparing Conversion Kits
FICON Channel ESCON and FICON CTC Connectivity OSA

Migration Distance MCP Cables The Future

All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
S# 3415
Page 64
On the Internet
http://www.redbooks.ibm.com IBM Redbooks http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/networking

The network connectivity home page
http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/connectivity
The I/O connectivity home page
http://www.ibm.com/wwoi
Announcement Letters
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
S# 3415
Page 65
Publications: ESCON/FICON
SA24-7172 GA27-3943 SG24-5176 SG24-5444 SG24-5445 SG24-5169 SG24-2005 S/390 (FICON) I/O Interface Physical Layer Planning for S/390 Fiber Optic Links Introduction to IBM S/390 FICON (Redbook) IBM eServer zSeries I/O Connectivity Handbook (Redbook) S/390 FICON Planning Guide (Redbook) S/390 FICON Implementation Guide (Redbook) ESCON Director 9032-005 Presentation (Redbook) (includes FICON Bridge card installation and use)
All Rights Reserved
March 6, 2002
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Publications: OSA
G221-9110 SA22-7476 GA22-7477 SA22-7403-03 SG24-5948 SG24-5444 SG24-5443 GX28-8002-10 SG24-4770 SC28-1950-04 SC28-1992 SC28-1946 SC28-1855-06 GC23-3870-08 GC23-3870 OSA-Express for IBM zSeries 900 and S/390 Specification Sheet
Open Systems Adapter-Express Customer's Guide and Reference for zSeries Planning for the Open Systems Adapter-2 for zSeries OSA-Express Customer's Guide and Reference for S/390 S/390 OSA-Express Implementation Guide (Redbook) IBM eServer zSeries I/O Connectivity Handbook (Redbook) S/390 OSA-Express Gigabit Ethernet Implementation Guide (Redbook) Network and e-business Products Reference booklet (Redbook) Open Systems Adapter 2 Implementation Guide (Redbook) OS/390 Resource Measurement Facility Report Analysis VM/ESA OSA/SF User's Guide (for OSA-2) VSE/ESA OSA/SF User's Guide (for OSA-2) OS/390 OSA/SF User's Guide for OSA-2 Planning for the Open Systems Adapter-2 for S/390 Planning for the S/390 Open Systems Adapter
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March 6, 2002

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S# 3415

ESCON, FICON, and OSA Compared

International Business Machines Corporation 2002

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The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies.

International Business Machines Corporation 2002

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International Business Machines Corporation 2002

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Distance MCP Cables The Future

Data Center: 1964

Card Reader Printer

International Business Machines Corporation 2002

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Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Environment

Interconnect Router Controller

Front End Processor (FEP)

International Business Machines Corporation 2002

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CMOS Uni-Processor Performance

zSeries 900 CMOS-99 = 9672-G6

CMOS-97 = 9672-G4 CMOS-96 = 9672-G3 CMOS-95 = 9672-R2/R3 CMOS-94 = 9672-R1

Performance x 2 every 4 to 5 years

Performance x 2 every 12-24 months

International Business Machines Corporation 2002

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Evolution of the Architecture

Data Format Remains Same

International Business Machines Corporation 2002

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The speed barrier; theoretical vs. actual

CRH bus ESCON 20 MB 17 MB

FICON; 100 MB Gigabit Ethernet, 1 Gbps

400 Mbps 20 Mbps 10,000 Token Ring Mbps 16 Mbps Ethernet 4 MB

Around the corner . . 4 Gigabit 10 Gigabit

Mbps= Megabits per second MB/sec. = MegaBytes per second

Actual throughput potential

International Business Machines Corporation 2002

I/O Subsystem Bus

zSeries Logical Structure

Cache control Chip and cache data Chips 16 MB L2 Shared Cache

Cache control Chip and cache data Chips 16 MB L2 Shared Cache

Memory card 1 MBA 3

ICB 333 MByte/sec.

I/O Domains - - - >

z800 5-PU Logical Structure

STI = Self-Timed Interconnect

Right bank DIMMS

1 Cache Control Chip + 2 Cache Data Chips 8 MB Shared L2 Cache

up to 32GB total Memory

Memory Key Store

ETR-Links ICB-3 Links 1 Gbyte/s (To other z800 or z900)

International Business Machines Corporation 2002

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IBM S/360 and S/370 I/O Interface

zSeries 900 S/390 ES/9000

400 feet (122 meters)

International Business Machines Corporation 2002

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34600 FXBT ESCON Converters

Available directly from Optica at:

Components of a connection: Data flow