CambodiaandVietnam: GoodFencesMakeGoodNeighbours

EmeritusProfessorCarlThayer PresentationtoInternationalConferenceon Cambodia:ProgressandChallengesSince1991 Cambodia: Progress and Challenges Since 1991 InstituteofSoutheastAsianStudies TradersHotel,Singapore March2930,2011 M h 29 30 2011

Outline
PoliticalRelations BorderIssues EconomicRelations Defence Relations Conclusion

PoliticalRelations Political Relations

1967 diplomatic relations established 1967diplomaticrelationsestablished 1970VietnamrecognizesRoyalGovernment ofNationalUnionofKampuchea of National Union of Kampuchea 1976VietnamreopensEmbassy 1977KhmerRougeseversdiplomaticrelations 1979VietnamrecognizesthePeoples g p RepublicofKampuchea(renamedStateof Cambodiain1989) )

PoliticalRelations Political Relations

1979 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation 1979TreatyofFriendshipandCooperation 1993KingdomofCambodiarestored
permanentlyneutralandnonaligned tl t l d li d multipartygovernment

Vietnameseresidentsamajorissue
Violenceduringelections(1993,1998,2003)

VietnamsupportsCambodiasmembershipin ASEAN

PoliticalRelations Political Relations

199803 Cambodian Peoples Party (CCP) 1998 03CambodianPeople sParty(CCP) consolidatespower 2005 Guidelines for Bilateral Relations 2005GuidelinesforBilateralRelations
goodneighbourliness,traditionalfriendship, comprehensiveandlongtermcooperation comprehensive and long term cooperation

CPPdominanceafter2008
Vietnameseresidentslessofadomesticissue Exchangeofhighlevelvisitspicksup

BorderIssues

7th MeetingofJointCommissionsonBorderDemarcationandMarkerPlanting

CrossBorderSecurityIssues Cross Border Security Issues

Cambodia as haven for anticommunist Cambodiaashavenforanti communist Vietnameseexiles Degar ethnic minority seek asylum in ethnicminorityseekasylumin Cambodia
UNHCR b k UNHCRbrokersettlement2005 ttl t 2005

BuddhistmonkfleesVietnamandreceives publicsupportinCambodia bl b

BorderDemarcation Border Demarcation

Vietnam and Peoples Republic of Kampuchea VietnamandPeople sRepublicofKampuchea signthreeborderagreements
July 1982 historical waters July1982historicalwaters 1983Landboundarytreaty 1985 Treaty on the Delimitation of the Frontier 1985TreatyontheDelimitationoftheFrontier

FUNCINPECleadersrejecttreaties
1996VietnamaccusedofnibblingCambodian territory

BorderDemarcation Border Demarcation

October 2005 Supplementary Treaty to the October2005SupplementaryTreatytothe TreatyontheDelimitationoftheStateBorder of1985
CommissionsonBorderDemarcationandMarker Plantingsetup

2006PrimeMinistersHunSen andNguyen TanDunginaugurateMarkerNo.171 2009SamRainsy andsupportersuproot borderposts

EconomicRelations Economic Relations

Joint Commission for Economic Cultural JointCommissionforEconomic,Cultural, ScientificandTechnologicalCooperation 2001 Joint Declaration on the Framework for 2001JointDeclarationontheFrameworkfor BilateralCooperation I Increasedbordersecurityleadstoincreasein db d i l d i i tradevialicensedSpecialEconomicZones
2006agreementtoraisebilateraltradetoUS$2 billionby2010

SpecialEconomicZones Special Economic Zones

CambodiaVietnamMerchandiseTrade ValueandTradeBalance,20062011 l d d l

Vietnam&ChinaExportstoCambodia Vietnam & China Exports to Cambodia

EconomicRelations Economic Relations

Vietnamese investment Vietnameseinvestment
90projects(2010) agriculture,forestry,rubber, minerals,oilandgas,electricity,aviation, minerals oil and gas electricity aviation telecommunications,finance,insurance,banking Total registered capital US $2 billion TotalregisteredcapitalUS$2billion

InvestmentPromotionConferences
MOU on hydroelectricity fertilizer rubber bauxite MOUonhydroelectricity,fertilizer,rubber,bauxite mining Cambodia Angkor Air joint venture CambodiaAngkorAirjointventure

Defence Relations
1991 Cambodian Peace Agreements 1991CambodianPeaceAgreements
Vietnamceasesmilitaryassistance

1998 defence relations pick up 1998defence relationspickup

RepatriationofremainsofVietnamesesoldiers missinginaction missing in action Highlevelvisits MOU MOUsondefence cooperation d f ti Jointnavalpatrols

Conclusion
Since 1991 resolution of two major issues Since1991resolutionoftwomajorissues
Vietnameseresidents Border demarcation Borderdemarcation

ConsolidationofCPPruleunderHunSen 2005MajorTurningPoint
FrameworkforBilateralRelations SupplementaryBorderTreaty

GoodFencesMakeGoodNeighbours g

CambodiaandVietnam: GoodFencesMakeGoodNeighbours

EmeritusProfessorCarlThayer PresentationtoInternationalConferenceon Cambodia:ProgressandChallengesSince1991 Cambodia: Progress and Challenges Since 1991 InstituteofSoutheastAsianStudies TradersHotel,Singapore March2930,2011 M h 29 30 2011