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J. Ivancik and D.

Arola
Laboratory for Advance Materials and Processes (LAMP) Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County

TMS 2011

Enamel Dentin Pulp


A B

1 m tubules 1 mm B Peripheral dentin

1 m
Dentin content (weight%) 70% mineral, 20% organic 10% fluid

Inner dentin

UTS
61.6 16.3 MPa 48.7 16.7 MPa 33.9 8 MPa

Giannini et al., Dent Mater, 2004.

Iwamoto et al., J Biomed Mater Res A, 2003.

Endurance limit At 107 cycles (10 yrs); =45 : =0 : =90 :


e=53 e=44 e=23

MPa MPa MPa

Arola et al., Biomaterials, 2007

Restoration

Demineralization*

500 m

In an examination of 102 cracked teeth, only 5 were unrestored [Cameron, 1976].

Over 50% of teeth with failed restorations show signs of fracture or cracking [White, 1996].

Excavation*
*Pitt Ford, The Restoration of Teeth, 1992 Arola et al, J. Mat Sci.:Materials in Medicine, 1998

Develop further understanding of the structure -

property relationships that contribute to the fatigue crack growth behavior of dentin. resistance to fatigue crack initiation and rate of incremental growth.

Establish the importance of tubule density on the

3rd molars 17 age 72 years

1.0

4.0

1.0 2.0
6.0

2.0

All dimensions in mm

Protocol

HBSS hydration bath mode I cyclic loading measure crack length at Ni

Load (N)

Pmax

Fatigue loads

Pmin
time (s)

load control R = Pmin/Pmax = 0.5, 0.1 10 < Pmax < 20 N frequency=5 Hz

Paris law parameters

P
a 4.0

Low

Paris law (Region II)


High
P a f B W W

K
Bajaj et al., Biomaterials, 2006.

Fatigue crack growth within young human dentin


0.01

0.001
0.01

0.001

da/dN (mm/cycle)

0.0001

da/dN (mm/cycle)

0.0001

10

-5

10

-5

10-6

10

-6

10

-7

10

-8

10
0.7 0.8 0.9 1

-7

inner central peripheral


2

K (MPa.m )
10
-8

0.5

inner central peripheral


1 2

0.7

0.8

0.9

K (MPa.m )

0.5

Paris Law Parameters Location m Peripheral (N=12) Central (N=12) Inner (N=8) 27.15 24.8 29.1 3.8d,e 3.2d 4.7e C (mm/cycle).(MPa*m0.5)-m 1.78E-10a 1.16E-07b 6.26E-05c

Means indicated by different letters are significantly different at p<0.02

Image processing

1.4

1.2

K (MPa*m )

0.5

1.0

th

0.8

0.6 0 1x10
4

2x10

3x10

4x10

5x10
2

6x10

Lumen density/mm

Stress intensity threshold vs. lumen density

Image processing
Log C (mm/cycles*MPa.m )
0.5 -m

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0
4 4 4 4 4 4

1x10

2x10

3x10

4x10

5x10
2

6x10

Lumen density/mm

Fatigue crack growth coefficient vs. lumen density

100 m

50 m

The FCG resistance of young dentin is dependent on the tubule density.


Cracks in deep dentin undergo initiation of fatigue crack growth at a lower intensity range than those in superficial dentin. The stress intensity threshold of deep dentin is at least 50% lower than that of superficial dentin. The effective crack growth rate for young dentin increases from the superficial region to deep dentin. Cracks in deep dentin exhibit an incremental growth rate that is at least 1000 times larger than that of peripheral dentin.

This work was made possible by a fellowship from the National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research (T32DE07309-11). The investigation was also supported by grant R01 DE016904 from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (Dwayne D. Arola, PI).

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