ENDS 231

Note Set 12

F2007abn

Moments of Inertia

The cross section shape and how it resists bending and twisting is important to understanding beam and column behavior. Definition: Moment of Inertia; the second area moment y

I y = x 2 dA

I x = y 2 dA
dA = ydx x x el dx

We can define a single integral using a narrow strip: for Ix,, strip is parallel to x for Iy, strip is parallel to y

*I can be negative if the area is negative (a hole or subtraction).

A shape that has area at a greater distance away from an axis through its centroid will have a larger value of I. x x x x

Just like for center of gravity of an area, the moment of inertia can be determined with respect to any reference axis.

Definition: Polar Moment of Inertia; the second area moment using polar coordinate axes

J o = r 2 dA = x 2 dA + y 2 dA
Jo = Ix + I y

r pole o

Definition: Radius of Gyration; the distance from the moment of inertia axis for an area at which the entire area could be considered as being concentrated at. Ix 2 I x = rx A rx = radius of gyration in x A
ry = Iy radius of gyration in y A Jo polar radius of gyration, and ro2 = rx2 + ry2 A

ro =

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Note Set 12

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The Parallel-Axis Theorem

The moment of inertia of an area with respect to any axis not through its centroid is equal to the moment of inertia of that area with respect to its own parallel centroidal axis plus the product of the area and the square of the distance between the two axes.

I = y dA = ( y -d ) dA
2 2

dA y B y d B axis through centroid

at a distance d away from the other axis

= y 2 dA + 2d y dA + d 2 dA A

A axis to find moment of

inertia about

but y dA = 0 , because the centroid is on this axis, resulting in:

I x = I cx + Ad y
2

(text notation) or I x = I x + Ad y

where Icx (or I x )is the moment of inertia about the centroid of the area about an x axis and dy is the y distance between the parallel axes

Similarly

I y = I y + Ad x
ro2 = rc2 + d 2

Moment of inertia about a y axis Polar moment of Inertia Polar radius of gyration Radius of gyration

J o = J c + Ad 2

r =r +d
2 2

* I can be negative again if the area is negative (a hole or subtraction). ** If I is not given in a chart, but x & y are: YOU MUST CALCULATE I WITH I = I Ad 2 Composite Areas:
I = I + Ad 2

where

I is the moment of inertia about the centroid of the component area d is the distance from the centroid of the component area to the centroid of the composite area (ie. dy = y - y )

Basic Steps

1. 2. 3. 4.

Draw a reference origin. Divide the area into basic shapes Label the basic shapes (components) Draw a table with headers of Component, Area, x , x A , y , yA , I x , dy, Ady2, I y , dx, Adx2

5. Fill in the table values needed to calculate x and y for the composite 6. Fill in the rest of the table values. 7. Sum the moment of inertia ( I s) and Ad2 columns and add together.

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Moments of Inertia of Common Shapes

about centroid

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Example 1 (pg 257)

Find the moments of inertia ( x = 3.05,

= 1.05). y

Example 2 (pg 253)

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Example 3 (pg 258)