New Telecom Building Services Report

Building Services Report
New Telecom Building

Victoria Square, Auckland, New Zealand
Architectural Technology Assignment

Master of Professional Architecture (Year 2)
Kim HUANG #1268852
New Telecom Building Services Report M.Prof Arch (year 2)
Acknowledgments
This report is produced as one input to a study on the strategy for knowledge in building services. The study was requested by school of creative industry-Architecture, Univertsity of Auckland. Any views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the department. This critical study Building services case study-New Telecom building in Auckland New Zealand was undertaken between 30 March 2010 and 29 April 2010. The principal researcher for this study was Kim HUANG. Unless otherwise noted, all photos and drawings are by the author. kim HUANG 28th April 2010
New Telecom Building Services Report

M.Prof Arch(year 2) Assignment
Contents
1.0 Project Overview 2.0 Building Envelope Design 2.1 General 2.2 Design: Structural Integrity 2.3 Design: Moisture Control 2.4 Design: Temperature Control 2.5 Design: Air pressure Control 2.6 Summary 3.0 Building Services Systems 3.1 Chilled Beams Air Conditioning System 3.1.1 Active & Passive Beams 3.1.2 Functions & Features 3.2 Active Fire Protection System 3.2.1 Automatic Fire Sprinkler System (Wet Pipe System) 3.2.2 Automatic Fire Suppression System 3.2.3 Local Boundary Alarm System 3.3 Vertical Transportation System 3.3.1 General 3.3.2 Elevator System 3.4 Mechanical / Plant Room 3.4.1 General 3.4.2 M.Room: Walls 3.4.3 M.Room: Floors 3.4.4 M.Room: Doors 3.4.5 M.Room:Air Handlers 3.4.6 M.Room: Piping 3.4.7 M.Room: Electrical 4.0 Design Impacts 4.1 General 4.2 Impact: Chilled Beams 4.3 Impact Active Fire Protection 4.4 Impact: Vertical Transportation 5.0 Environmental Control 5.1 General 5.2 Thermal Comfort 5.3 Acoustic 5.4 Ventilation & Indoor Air Quality 5.5 Lighting 6.0 Integration of HVAC and Building Design 7.0 References
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1.0 Project Overview

New Telecom building is located at the Victoria square adjacent to Victoria Park in downtown Auckland. Instead of multiple sites and leases around Telecom Auckland headquarter on Beresford St, the new four buildings campus with 30,000 sq m office space will be the single biggest city office building platform in New Zealand. Open doors, open space and communal areas are the design concepts. The architect used shoe box idea to propose the whole design for the project. The principal concept is to take an organization and spreading it over a low-rise campus style development with a large floor plate creating greater interactivity between employees than a high-rise design. The total investment of the new Telecom building is about 200 millions, and Manson Construction Ltd will lease the building for Telecom Ltd. for 12 yrs. After the final completion of the project, Telecom will locate corporate, retail, wholesale and Gen-I Teams together inside the new campus, which will house more than 2,500 staffs. Telecoms move to a single location reflects a trend among companies to bring staff together on one site.
Figure 1 New Telecom Building location
Figure 2 New Telecom Building 3D Model

2.0 Building Envelope Design

2.1General
In new telecom buildings, the relationship between the envelope and the structure is bit complicated. The interior of the buildings are subdivided to a greater extent by internal walls and floors. The reinforced concrete structure of floor slabs may be thought of as having a dual function. The floors are both structural and space-dividing elements. The curtain walls of the buildings are entirely non-structural and have a space-enclosing function to the building envelope.
2.2Design: Structural Integrity

Among these four buildings, a quadrangle has been created which is a central atrium area. Its most distinguishing feature is a large internal flight of stairs about 12m wide, under which the Telecom auditorium or theatre space is housed. Solid concrete foundation is layer at the bottom of the campus, whilst all four buildings separately wrapped by double glazed glass curtain wall claddings.(See Figure 3,4) The aluminum-framed curtain wall is attached to the building structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads of the building. The wind and gravity loads of the curtain wall are transferred to the building structure, at the floor line.
Figure 4 Curtain wall cladding (South Side) Figure 3 Double glazing glass curtain wall cladding
2.3Design: Moisture Control

Water entry from outside is much more likely when sloped curtain wall glazing is used to form a roof for an atrium, horizontal mullions in curtain walls are seldom designed to slope or to have conventional drips on their underside to make rain or melt water fall free of the building facade. When employed without change as a sloped rood, each horizontal mullion acts as a trough to collect rain or melt water, holding it ready to be sucked into the glazing rabbet and promoting early glazing failure.1
1
manual on moisture control in buildings / Heinz r. trechsel, editor Astm manual series, MNL 18, printed in Ann 5

2.4Design: Temperature Control

Temperature control is mostly achieved by curtain wall in new Telecom building. Their thermal performance is a function of the glazing infill panel, the frame, construction behind opaque (spandrel and column cover) areas, and the perimeter details. Integration of perimeter flashings helps ensure watertight performance of the curtain wall and its connection to adjacent wall elements. Proper placement of insulation at the curtain wall perimeter reduces energy loss and potential condensation issues. Curtain wall frame conductance is a function of the frame material, geometry and fabrication.
2.5Design: Air pressure Control

Central-station air handlers are used to maintain occupant comfort and control of internal air pressure in Telecom buildings. These units include return fans, which draw air from occupied spaces for recirculation or exhaust. The control panel is in the mechanical room, which is open to the outside via boiler outside-air-intake louvers. While that location is good for minimizing wind effects and protecting the sensor from rain, the panel was in a room containing equipment (boiler burner fan, exhaust fans, etc.) that could have a significant effect on pressure in the internal space.
Figure 5 Curtain wall air hole (air pressure control)
2.6Summary
New Telecom building focuses on the flexibility of design, producing a solution which meets the new offices platform needs of the facility at present and in the future. This flexibility has been adopted in the following way: Area / space allowance for future incorporation of plant or distribution Rises and services ducts within each space which allow isolation of services without effecting the surrounding areas Contingency within the services loads
Arbor, MI, Feb 1994

3.0 Building Services Systems

Buildings must typically be linked to a variety of services. Specific elements will be required for different services. Many service elements are placed underground, and their existence may not greatly affect the surface development, especially where considerable site construction is planned.
3.1Chilled Beams Air Conditioning System

New Telecom building use chilled beam air conditioning system. It is a building conditioning system that uses convection and water to efficiently move energy throughout a building.
3.1.1
Active & Passive Beams
There are two types of chilled beams, active and passive. The units are linear in form however, which might create the appearance of a beam. Both active and passive beams are integrated or work in conjunction with any ceiling system to provide energy efficient comfort. - Active Chilled Beams are integrated within metal ceilings; they incorporate a air diffusion unit, which introduces conditioned air to the occupied space. (See Figure 6, 7)
Fi
Figure 6 Active Chilled Beams

Connected to the metal ceilings, with pipe works nearby
Figure 7 Active Chilled Beams drawing

- Passive Beams are integrated within a ceiling in conjunction with various ventilation systems, using natural convection. In new Telecom building, perimeter passive beams are installed to work in conjunction with cool ceil radiant chilled ceilings to offset solar gains from glazed glass facades.
Figure 8 Passive chilled beams drawing
Figure 9 Passive chilled beams

Water element and white pipe works shows the principal function of passive chilled beams
Figure 10 Comparison of active and passive chilled beams drawing

3.1.2
Functions & Features
These two kinds of chilled beams function similarly, and are often in conjunction with radiant ceilings and floors. The fundamental functional difference is that chilled beams use convection to transfer energy from the water loop (commonly) to the space. Chilled Beams use water as a heat transfer method and offer a practical alternative to conventional air conditioning systems. Most Chilled Beams are manufactured by bonding aluminum heat transfer fins to copper cooling elements. Superficially, chilled beams units represent higher upfront costs compared to a traditional air system, however, that overall costs are lower once reductions in fan, duct and heat exchanger or boiler elements are considered. Higher efficiency and increased occupant comfort make them a sustainable choice. New Telecom building chilled beam system has following features:

Water based cooling Large surface (cooling) area in a compact campus Energy efficient: low operating temperatures and pressure Compatible with ground-sourcing and cooling technologies Off-site prefabrication, testing and commissioning available Lack of moving parts, resulting in low maintenance regimes
Figure 11 Chilled beam system

Hot water and cold water elements Pipe works incl the metal channel

Figure 14 Chilled Beam system drawing

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3.2Active Fire Protection System

Active fire protection is used in new Telecom building. It is automatic fire protection measures that warn occupants of the existence of fire and extinguish or control the fire. The system is designed to automatically extinguish or control a fire at an earliest stage without risking life or sacrificing property.
3.2.1
Automatic Fire Sprinkler System (Wet Pipe System)
Automatic fire sprinkler technology has evolved over time since the invention at 19th century. The spray sprinkler is designed to provide a relatively uniform distribution of the water spray to the area to be protected. This is a significant advancement that resulted in inefficient use of the water and gaps in the coverage. The wet pipe sprinkler system is fixed fire protection using piping filled with pressurized water supplied from a dependable source in the building. (See Figure 17) Closed heat sensitive automatic sprinklers spaced and located in accordance with recognized installation standards are used to detect a fire. (See Figure 19) Upon operation, the sprinklers distribute the water over a specific area to control or extinguish the fire. As the water flows through the system, an alarm is activated to indicate the system is operating. (See figure 18)
Figure 15 Fire system

Check valves are on the metal pipes, and active chilled beams also included in the figure
Figure 16 Fire sprinkler system pipe work

Figure shows the check valve and fire dept. connection box
Figure 17 Fire Sprinkler system network

Figure shows the grid net for sprinkler system

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3.2.2
Automatic Fire Suppression System
The automatic suppression system in the building consists of an extinguishing agent supply, control valves, a delivery system and fire detection and control equipment. The agent supply is a city water supply for the sprinkler system. Agent control valves are sprinkler valves. The agent delivery system is a configuration of piping, or generators that apply the agent in a suitable form and quantity to the hazard area. Fire detection and control equipment is both electrical and mechanical in operation. (See Figure 19) The fire system is in accordance with IEEE 979.
3.2.3
Local Boundary Alarm System
The local boundary alarm system is building fir alarm system operation limited to within building, alarms on activation of a manual fire alarm box (Figure 20), water flow in a sprinkler system, switches on fir valves, or detection of a fire by a smoke. The main purpose of this system is to provide an evacuation alarm for the occupants of the building.
Figure 18 Fire Alarm Bell

Figure shows the alarm bell emergency fire services room
Figure 19 Fire Detector

Figure shows the check valve and fire detector On the ceilings
Figure 19 Alarm Switch Figure 20 Corridor

Figure shows the fire smoke detector box and sprinkler on the ceiling
Figure 21 Emergency exit doors

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Figure 22 Fire Sprinkler System (Wet Pipe System) Drawing

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Figure 23 Fire System Schematic Drawing

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3.3Vertical Transportation System

The devices which provide mechanical movement of people must be able to receive and dispatch their passengers efficiently and effectively. Thus, the route taken by people to these circulation elements is very important. The circulation of people in the interior of building is a complicated activity. It is affected by a number of factors; one of them is horizontal and vertical movement. People will generally be walking horizontally, except where they are using passenger conveyors. They will then change mode from horizontal to vertical movement, in order to reach a higher or lower level. To do this they will use stairs, moving walks and ramps, escalators or lifts.
3.3.1
General
Commercial buildings have definite vertical transportation requirements, because the arrival and departure of their populations are usually concentrated within certain periods of the working days. In new Telecom building, the vertical transportation system is visually dominate the lobby, since the system is, in effect, the main entrance to the upper floors, people are directed to the elevators or stairways both physically and visually. Signs, clearly visible from each building entrance, are plainly indicate each system and the floors it serves.
3.3.2
Elevator System
The elevator system of the building is a screw-nut type, in which an essentially friction-free nut assembly is attached to an elevator cab, and engages a vertical screw member in threaded relationship. The electric motor is mounted on the cab. Direct driving of the nut from the motor is employed by cooling the nut to a hollow shaft in the motor. When the vertical programming of the height and floor relationship indicates that the floor level has been reached, the power to the motor is cut off and the holding brake automatically sets and holds the established vertical position. This position is established with a high degree of precision due to the nature of the relationship between the vertical screw and the nut assembly. In this elevator system, the stretch of the screw is measured only in thousandths of inches throughout maximum operational screw length, so that the elevator cab may be precisely and accurately controlled to stop exactly at predetermined floor levels. This system transfers the loads of lifting in the screws back into the guide rails of the elevator and hence into the building hatchway structure.
Figure 26 Walkways connect four buildings Figure 24 Elevator End Figure 25 Elevator Tension Cables
15 Figures show the governor tension frame at the bottom, also traveling cables for elevator, and incl different parts

Figure 28 Typical Elevator system principle
Figure 29 Vertical Transportation System Schematic Figure 27 Elevator System Drawing

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3.4Mechanical / Plant Room

3.4.1 General
A mechanical room is designed with sufficient space to allow equipment servicing, equipment removal or replacement, and allow space for future growth. A mechanical room is located so that the room may be accessed from the standard elevator without passing through occupied spaces that are not considered common spaces. The structure of mechanical room is capable of supporting future loading in addition to the nominal safety factors. The design will limit vibration transmission through the structure that may result in objectionable. Exposed structural components inside a mechanical room are coated.

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3.4.2
M.Room: Walls
Walls are extended from the floor above in order to reduce noise transmission at underground mechanical room. Additionally, openings in mechanical room walls are sealed to reduce noise transmission. Walls are coated with a moisture resistant paint. Roof top mechanical room doesnt have walls, just solid steel frame.
3.4.3
M.Room: Floors
Mechanical room floors are constructed of a durable heavyweight material capable of withstanding point loads from equipment, capable of resisting damage from oils and water, Floors are covered with a water- and oil-resistant epoxy coating. Floors are sloped toward floor drains, penetrations are sleeved and sealed.
3.4.4
M.Room: Doors
Steel doors serving mechanical rooms have some type of fill material, batt insulation, in order to reduce noise transmission. A threshold is provided to prevent water flowing from the mechanical room floor, under the door, and into finished spaces. Roof top mechanical rooms doors are steel door as well.
3.4.5
M.Room:Air Handlers
Air handlers are located so that access doors are capable of fullyopening.Space are provided inside the mechanical room to facilitate replacement of the air handler filters,coils,etc. to allow the use of efficient duct fittings for supply, return, relief, and supply duct serving the air handler. Adequate space is provided for theinstallationof return air duct. The air handler is located so that only one elbow is required on the supply duct for duct routing inside the mechanical room.
3.4.6
M.Room: Piping
Piping is routed inside the mechanical room so that it does not interfere with Personnel accessing equipment and shall be located so that it is not routed through Maintenance access space or equipment.
3.4.7
M.Room: Electrical
Electrical equipment, switchgear, panels, transformers, etc are located. In a common Area inside the mechanical room. Conduit routing inside the mechanical room is .Minimal.
Figure 30 Roof top mechanical rooms

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4.0 Design Impacts

4.1General
Green building brings together a vast array of practices and techniques to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It often emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, proper services systems to achieve the green goal.
4.2Impact: Chilled Beams Air Conditioning System

Saving space, saving energy Smaller Equipment Required, Smaller First Cost Chilled beams are among the recent energy-saving innovations making their way to the industrial market. Their flexibility, ease of installation and maintenance, and energy efficiency present a cost effective alternative to more conventional cooling systems. With fewer air changes needed, ductwork, air-handling units, exhaust fans, chillers, and boilers can all be downsized. In new construction, this avoided first cost can help to offset the cost of the chilled beam units and infrastructure. Chilled Beams air conditioning system enables a large surface area to be efficiently cooled inside building. Thus this can increase the internal building space to allow more for public use. The system does not provide ventilation air and so requires a separate ventilation system. However, because the ventilation air is not conditioning the space, the system can deliver much lower volumes of air, reducing duct and fan sizes.
4.3Impact Active Fire Protection

Active fire protection systems require to be well maintained to ensure reliability. In particular systems using water and water based foam are prone to rust deposits which can block sprinkler heads and spray nozzles. Procedures should be in place to ensure regular maintenance and testing of systems. Maintenance contracts are often placed with the supplier of the fire protection system. Records of these activities should be kept by site operators.
4.4Impact: Vertical Transportation

The building lift is a new generation lift, which consumes significantly less power than a standard lift that would traditionally served a building of this size. Thus, the lift hatchway space inside building is reduced. In addition to the reduced energy consumption, there is no requirement to store or eventually dispose of oil, which has a long term benefit for space. The staffs will be encouraged to make use of the adjacent stairs if the emergency happens when lifts don't work. New Telecom Building Services Report
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5.0 Environmental Control

5.1General
The new buildings are being purpose built to meet the New Zealand Green Building Council environmental sustainability standard of five green stars. The site was chosen for its proximity to public transport, to enable more of our people to avoid driving into the city. Jim Robb Telecom corporate property manager
The design includes fewer car parks than the number we currently provide. The buildings have also been designed to encourage people to get to work under their own steam. The building uses maximum of natural cooling, heating and lighting, so all air conditioning and lighting systems are able to run at optimum energy efficiency. Other environmental-friendly design features include solar-reflective glass to further enhance the buildings energy efficiency, motion detection and sunlight sensing lighting, and localized and small zone air-conditioning controls. Therell be as much fresh-air ventilation as possible, the building will recover rain water to flush our toilets, and use sustainable timber, and low-emission adhesives and paints. Throughout the construction phase, were requiring our builders to focus on ensuring they follow the best environmental practices when it comes to the disposal of excavated material and management of construction material, recycling as much as possible and reducing the amount of waste generated by the site. -Jim Robb Telecom corporate property manager

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5.2Thermal Comfort
Thermal comfort is a measure or how people interact with their thermal environment and is predominantly a function of temperature, humidity, air movement and air quality. The successful environmental control strategy used by Telecom building is capable of maintaining the internal environment that is neither too hot nor too cold in which the occupants are broadly satisfied with the conditions. The chilled beams system helps the building to improve and achieve high standard of thermal comfort.
5.3Acoustic
Acoustic design is not inherently complex, but complexity is introduced by the sub-division and specification of the various space used in the buildings. New Telecom building designs include large common spaces in the middle of the campus, and in the lobbies on each floor. Large volume spaces naturally exhibit a long reverberation time. However, particular care is taken for such areas. Te use of carpeted floor finishes/acoustically absorptive ceilings and fabric covered screen glasses as well as furnishings inside the buildings can all contribute to the resulting environment.
5.4Ventilation & Indoor Air Quality

The prime function of ventilation is to provide good indoor air quality. The secondary function of ventilation is to provide cooling to a room. Open plan spaces design of new Telecom buildings can provide internal building environment more ventilation, as well as good quality of indoor air. The curtain wall envelope also can help the whole buildings to prevent or reduce overheating in summer.
5.5Lighting
Daylight is considered an essential component of building design. The availability of daylight in a space creates a link with the outside environment and an opportunity to reduce or omit the reliance on artificial lighting and its consequent energy usage. Good levels of daylight will be achieved by the use of large window areas and roof lights in Telecom buildings. Uniformity is also be considered when doing the design, as the uniformity of the daylight is the ratio of the minimum to the average daylight factor within the space, which can help the buildings to be more eco-green.

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6.0 Integration of HVAC and Building Design

"The greatest opportunities for saving costs over the life of a building occur at the beginning of the design process." -AIA Energy Design Handbook Using the dynamic nature of building energy flows and integrating the HVAC system into these flows creates a dynamically integrated HVAC system design as part of a "Whole Building" Design. Dynamic integration helps to ensure that HVAC systems are selected and sized correctly using appropriate criteria. These HVAC systems will produce environmental comfort, help the buildings be more sustainable. Physical integration integrates the energy systems into the building fabric, i.e. walls, floors, columns, etc. Pipes, ductwork, photovoltaics, etc., can be integrated into the building to create a more energy efficient, healthier indoor environment. The integrated design process can provide the means to facilitate early consideration of wind loading, vibration, blast and seismic considerations pertaining to rooftop HVAC equipment. Use an Integrated, Whole Building Design approach for the building envelope with appropriate consideration given to optimized levels of thermal insulation; the size, location and performance of windows and glazing systems; appropriate external shading and solar control; thermal comfort; moisture control; acoustic privacy; daylighting and control; and security/safety considerations. Each of these individual parameters can impact the effectiveness of the building's HVAC system. Thus, Sustainable building design must incorporate both passive energy design strategies by the architect and dynamic integration design strategies by the HVAC designer.

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7.0 References
Bibliography
1. Manual on moisture control in buildings / Heinz r. trechsel, editor Astm manual series, MNL 18, printed in Ann Arbor, MI, Feb 1994 2. The vertical transportation handbook / George R.Strakosch, editor,3rd ed, printed in USA,pp245 3. Operation of fire protection systems, a special edition of the fire protection handbook, Arthur E.Cote, P.E, National fire protection association Inc., printed in USA, pp17, pp299 4. Air conditioning application and design, second edition,WP Jones, first published in Great Britain in 1980, co published in North, Central and South America, 1997, pp106 5. A handbook of sustainable building design and engineering, Dejan Mumovic & Mat Santamouris, first published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2009, pp252
Online Reading
1. 2. 3. 4. Manson property developers, http://www.manson.co.nz/commercial_Telecom.html Architectural form bbs, http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=922036 Chilled beam air conditioning, DADANCO, http://www.activechilledbeam.com/ Greenline blog, Design+technology+sustainability, what is a chilled http://greenlineblog.com/2009/01/what-is-a-chilled-beam/ 5. Building services/vertical transportation/lifts, wiki http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Building_Services/Vertical_Transportation/Lifts
beam, books
Report References
1. Project star building services report, Sydney harbour casino properties pty Ltd, BASETT, 1 Aug 2008, Document No. H.DA_M.1000, C.DA_M.1000 2. Shell centre project case study, hurleqpalmerflatt,written by O Onuora, 10/07/06, supported by P.Todd, 11/07/06 3. Building design and its impact on the Eco system, Dr M.Roy, Dr B.Ghosh, Mr. A Das Gupta, accessed by 19/04/2010 4. Mechanical & Electrical services report, broadwater campus renewal, Northbrook college, worthing, West Sussex, NBC M&E services report, December 2007 5. Vertical transportation configuration-design approach, TAK Mathews, N Raghaan, accessed by 17/04/2010

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