HVDC TRANSMISSION

PRESENTED BY:
J.R.MANIKANTA P.S.PRAKASH BABU 3rd B.Tech EEE NARSAPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT:
The HVDC transmission systems have led the way in providing assistance from a source other than a generator. This transmission made a modest beginning in 1954. But, since 1972 when the Nelson river transmission entered service in Canada. The D.C. System controls have been used to modulate the D.C. power to help stabilize the power frequency at either end of the link and dampen the power oscillations between weakly connected areas of the A.C. System.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF HVDC LINE:

It required two ac system which are to be connected by dc link. Step-up transformer at sending end and Two step-down transformer at

receiving end. Converter station one at

sending end for converting ac to dc and other at receiving end for converting dc to ac. By changing the firing angle it act as rectifier(0 to 90) deg. And inverter

In India D.C. connections between separate electrical areas have been built to encourage energy trading. The systems they interconnect are relatively weak. This paper explains the effective use of HVDC over A.C., frequency and system damping

(90 to 180)deg. .so it can operate in bidirectional flow of power. The dc out-put voltage magnitude can be controlled by changing the firing angle of the converter. In practical HVDC converter station three-phase bridge converter are employed at both end .

assistance and stability control through HVDC links.

WHY HIGH VOLTAGE FOR INTRODUCTION:

Now a days large blocks of power are needed to be transmitted. There arise some technical problems of transmitting power to such a long distance using ac. In the view of the draw backs of ac the HVDC transmission has come into picture.

TRANSMISSION:
Because with increase in transmission voltage with same power supply the

current in the conductor decreases. so size of the conductor decreases and since current in the conductor decrease so

losses are decreases and hence efficiency of the line increases. so high voltage is

used in transmitting the power .also the voltage regulation will improve.

TYPES OF DC LINKS:
Reduction of electrical losses, increase in transmission MONOPOLAR BIPOLAR BACK TO BACK

efficiency, improvement of voltage reduction regulation in and

conductor

material requirement. Line losses are reduced since line losses are inversely

MONOPOLAR LINK:
One rectifier terminal is connected to earth ,the other higher or lower potential is connected to the

proportional to transmission voltage. Transmission increases Voltage improve efficiency because of

transmission line

reduction in line losses . regulation because will of

reduction of percentage of line drop . Size of the conductor

material required is inversely proportional to the square of supply voltage . Flexibility for future system growth. Increase in transmission

capacity of the line . Increase of surge impedance loading(loadcarryingcapabilit y of its supply line ).

ADVANTAGES MONOPOLAR LINK:

OF

Most common type for moderate power HVDC Modern versions of monopole carry 1500MW for overhead transmission lines 600MW for underground or

ADVANTAGES BIPOLAR LINK:

Carry up to 3200MW at 600 kv

OF

underwater systems Simple and cheap Only require two convertors and one high-voltage insulated cable

Negligible earth current flows under normal load, which reduces

environmental effects and return loss

BIPOLAR LINK:
Two opposite polarity, high potential conductors are used. More expensive than monopole due to required full insulation of the lines.

Conductors may be on separate transmission towers to prevent both being damaged at once by harsh conditions

BACK-TO-BACK LINK:
1. A short dc line where static inverters and rectifiers operate together 2. Dc voltage along the intermediate circuit may be selected

ADVANTAGES OF BACKTO-BACK LINK:

 Couple

different

frequency

ECONOMICAL ADVANTAGES

electricity mains Couple two networks with varying phase relationship but the same frequency Change frequency and phase number like traction convertor plant

TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES:
Reactive power requirement System stability Short Circuit Current Independent Control of ac system Fast change of energy flow Lesser Corona Loss and Radio interference Greater Reliability. No limits in transmitted distance Direction of power flow can be changed very quickly

ESSENTAIL PARTS OF HVDC SYSTEM:

AC substation and HVDC substation at each terminal. Interconnecting HVDC lines. Electrode lines and earth electrodes.

MAIN

PARTS

OF

HVDC

TERMINAL SUBSTATION:
AC switchyard. Thyristor valves. Converter Transformer. DC Reactor. Harmonics Filtering Equipment. Control Equipment. Reactive power compensation. HVDC yard. Electrical and mechanical auxiliaries. ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES: DC lines and cables are cheaper than ac lines or cables. The towers of the dc lines are narrower, simpler and cheaper

compared to the towers of the ac ADVANTAGES TRANSMISSION: THECHNICAL ADVANTAGES OF DC lines. Line losses in a dc line are lower than the losses in an ac lines.

Comparison between the prices of AC & DC Transmission:

energy due to the converter station is 1.62% The scheduled unavailability of

energy is about 5.39%.

RECENT ADVANCES:
GTOs have come into use. Use of active ac and dc filters. Advanced fully digital control

systems using optical fibers.

Future implications:
HVDC may be the super grid solution 1. European super grid 2. Trans America grid Possible conversion of existing 3phase ac lines into bipolar dc with neutral return Potential improvements in Convertor HVDC circuit breaker CONCLUSION: Recent studies indicate that HVDC systems are very reliable. The data collected from 31 utilities says that forced unavailability of