Extended Summary

pp.484490

Inuence of a Circuit Breakers Grading Capacitor on Controlled Transformer Switching

Yves Corrodi Non-member (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Yves.Corrodi@dx.MitsubishiElectric.co.jp) Kenji Kamei Member (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Kamei.Kenji@ce.MitsubishiElectric.co.jp) Haruhiko Kohyama Member (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Koyama.Haruhiko@dx.MitsubishiElectric.co.jp) Hiroki Ito Member (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Ito.Hiroki@aj.MitsubishiElectric.co.jp)
Keywords: transformer, residual ux, grading capacitor, controlled switching The residual ux, locked in a transformer core after a no loaded transformer deenergization, not only depends on its specications but also on the equipments as a circuit breakers grading capacitor and its chopping level. Regarding the simplied, no-loaded transformer model in Fig. 1, a power ow from the source trough the grading capacitor is enabled that aects the residual ux. In case of a no-loaded, single-phase transformer IS as well as IP can be considered to be zero. In that reason the current I summates the currents of the overall transformer capacitance (CT ), transformer loss (R) and the overall inductive transformer reaction at the deenergization instant (L). Based on phasor analysis the magnitude of the integrated voltage v(t) (compare Fig. 1) is calculated in Eq. (1)The integral corresponds to the induced magnetic ux within the transformer core after a no loaded transformer deenergization. Considering typical values for CT , R and L an almost linear dependency can be observed and therefore micro oscillations around the locked in residual ux level will become larger for an increased grading capacitance. v(t)dt = CG + C T CG R 2 LR
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Fig. 2. Residual ux measurement: Deenergization of a 50 kVA, 6.6 kV:200 V, single-phase transformer at 145 degree of the measured voltage-Grading capacitors from 450 pF to 2600 pF

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(1) The calculation of the residual ux is slightly more complex, because it is assumed that the value depends on the transient voltage during the deenergization instant. In the full paper it could be calculated that the residual ux will decrease in case of a larger grading capacitor. Both phenomena could be measured for 50 kVA, 6.6 kV:200 V, single-phase transformer systems (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3): For a larger grading capacitor, the residual ux decreases and the micro oscillations around this level increases. In that reason controlled transformer switching will depend on the circuit breakers grading capacitor, because the optimal Fig. 3. Micro hysteresis measurements: Deenergization of a 50 kVA, 6.6 kV:200 V, single-phase transformer at 145 degree of the measured voltage-Grading capacitors from 450 pF to 2600 pF re-energization target for an independent pole operated (IPO) as well as for a three-gang operated (3GO) transformer systems is evaluated regarding the residual ux level. Considering the measurements in Figs. 2 and 3, the dierence at the same instant after the transformer de-energization (at 0.4 s) between the maximal appearing magnetic ux value n (in case of a 450 pF grading capacitor) and the minimal residual ux value (in case of the 2600 pF grading capacitor) is 0.48 p.u. Therefore the optimal re-energization target will be dierent for each grading capacitor.
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Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit of a simplied, no-loaded transformer model