Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
d iL cP 2012 cf 15 Uu
facebook.com/pages/samakala
samakala2012@gmail.com
i _ \ K u _ Z
_d gbg,
icKke _ZKe ^cK i[K
Ke^[a KQ _eY fL @C MUG a{
ilZKe _X c ccjZ jf ~j @^ba
Kf @Z \Le ij KjQ
c^ \g, ba^ge
icKk Pc}e ~Z, MUG
KaZe KjY, @`ce `f, beZ aau
KaZ, eR ieu ilZKe, @Rd
bAu @fL, @ghu @Y @fL Ga
IK_W@ ia Pc}Z Kf
RKe L^, ba^ge
icKk ii_\Z I iC_i_Z,
GK eje _Xja bk jAQ K
RY i_\K ba Gbk _ZKUG _Z
cie _Kg KeaK (@Z Kce 6 ci
_A @[ @C @fL ijZ) @_Y _Z
@A^Ra, ai\a_e, b\K
@Q Z? @^[ @_Y @C RY _ZK_ZKU _Xf @ee ag bf
jZKe jA~a
jAQ, C{k @g ejQ
@e_^ _YMj
_mg e[
edMW, QZgMW
MZ^MZK ]ee cq jA _^
A^e G ^@ _di icKk _A @b^^
_ZKU \La I _Xa _e fMf IW@
ijZ _A Gbk GK _ZKe @ba [f
ilZKee eR\ K ge _W
auAauA ^Kj ag iek I cZ
eLQ, VK eR\ _Wu _e @gh
MW^dKu _XaK @^K KjK aM,
Ze Ce ~j ia M_ jf^j
ieR aku ^af @b b hY
P\ZK
geZ P @P~
@\eYd gbg,
_ d K^e g Y a _A bf
fM^[a I aPe eLae KQ KQ
\^c ce ejQ
IWge GcZ KZKZ _ZK
R^ ^@ I ce~ @Kke, @ag KQ
@ _ZKe _^R^ a jG G ia i
Ne LA NW_Qe WAa fKue
Ka @ba ^[G - ~cZ Zc
icKkK ^A ~\I GK b^
eKce CKZ ^Z bae ej[f c
bZe K icKk ~ GZ ie
bae @Z _ K g Ke a c ]eYe
aje [f icKkK \L ~Z Li
jf ZV ag @~ jf @C KQU
f{Z I @^Z a jf GcZ ba[ae
[e [e ^Re _a^c^ bf af
_ c Y Z jf a L a L i fM
icKkK \La jGZ GcZ GK cj
[f c _A
Lf KY Gd Kjf ~[ ja
~, icKke i^Z iaKQ i^aPZ,
i ^ dR Z @C L a KkZ K bae
C_i_Z @C @^K ]eY, _aY, _Le
iK ^A icKk ic ec @C
UK _k bae Kjf PVU f~a
Z[_ fLQ
\ a wZ ij Z K W. g Ke
i _ Keu M_ _X \ g M f jeK \
Rkbe ^k Rkeg Zk fP ~A[a
KZKZ jZg I a\^e K[ I
M[ Ka Le\^ if_e @if
ZcK \LA\a aW ~A[a ef M
(Ka eR\ Kge _Wu M) cee
PW ~j \g _Ye e LiMf Zc
fc V@ jA~a ai_^e i \LK
@^ba Kf M QWa _e @^K fK
_Mk jA~A[ae gYQ G _Ke lZK
@C lZK KC ieKe lZ_eY beY
Ke_ea? GK fK Cq GVe _PkZ,
V^ QWf _e^ QW - KZ ^cc
iZK[!
aRd _i\ cj_Zu M_ a La
ccK GK \_Y bk \LA\G, `w\ G
af \a Ke_ea ^j)
beZ ce @^Zc _dKa
@gh MU aj\^e i _W[a (cZ
^j) @MdMe ieR @c icde GK
moody Missile ie cj, ibM
ie, eR\ ie @ce ijZKge C{k
RZ bae iZR I ^@e @Rd
@\Z - ^@ _eK^K MZ GjK
^ d c Z Ke @g h Ka ^ @ M_
fLa, @ce @_l iaii c _A
^@, _ZgZa^ cj G ibu GKV
eLae gd Zce Zce i\KdU P
C\KKe
eR ieu Cq, Ze` KeaK
@^K KaZ, ZRa Ke\aK KaZe
@baK \AU \Me \L~A_e
_[cZ Gd ~ GK[ @Re ^j ia
icde K[ Ifdc Wfef Z fLQ
aj\e gj R`eu icde Kak \f
ijee 540 RY Ka [f, ic^u
ce 56 RY Kak ffKf eRC@ie
[f ~ju bZe [f Mfa I RK Z[
aj\e gj R`e ^R
@^ \MK \Lf, Kk ijZe
icKk
gbg aa,
ieZ gbz I @b^^ `ade 21 ZeLe
icKk ijZ ce _[c \L jf Ga Z _eVe c Z
_ce _W~AQ icKke _z\, _e_U, fL Pd^ I
_eK^ Pc}e Kk]ke i\i] ba K_e GK Cyw
iR^gk _ZK _Kg Ke~A_e, Gje SfK _Z`
kZ jAQ
G[e _ZKUK CVAa cZ ce c^jf gc_i\
P]eu _Zage b^ GK e`A^ _WK ba _ZU
_e @kueYe iR^gk g I iqK @^ba KejCQ
Kkae \KYe _ZKU jGZ KjK l\ fM_e; KG KG
Kj_e a MWG _eY fLK Q_~AQ; cZ G[e cjZ
ba^ I cq P^ eL ijZ abaK ~_e i^ \@~AQ,
Zj aeU @k@e _jW @_l QU ie aMP a ^aW
a^^ _Z c @]K @^eq i\Kde IW@ fLKu bZe
iZ[ bae @ba iKd aqa eLQ fLKc^ i]e a
af ce agi ^j Gc^u @PeY I CyeY bZe [a
^j ^[a `eK \L jZaK jG IW@ ijZ RMZe
~Cc^u @c ijZ Bge c^Z \C, i bZe ~ @^K
iAZ^ @Q, GjK c jW jW @^ba KeQ _gV a j^
@^Ku Keae G Z aeu K[ @c _X a ~a fLKc^
aqa\, Ma\K @_YA ^a ij eKU_d
jA ~_e
aeu _\u @^ieY KeQ, ic^u jZaei iRQ Ga
ijZ-iZe \ffMe Kea @e Ke\fY, Gc^u c
_eie bZe I aje ZRa jae
GKPU@ @]Ke Kak gg j C_bM
Ke_e ZRa ja _A KQU
cL_Y I @^KU ^ej_Y Ze`
Kea _A \Ke m^ MU jk
@~be @L j ggK Ke[G ie
iA ^ej I @~PKZ @Le gg
\L ie _[aK, MjY Ke[G icM
@ZK c^_WQ @^K ah @Me [e
U^e ~aak ce i^ jA[a S@
_Pe[f, a_, G MQc^ KjK \W
_kCQ _QK?
Ga _g CV, ZRa ja _A
@agK jC[a ^ej_Y @ce am
Ka c ^ue @Q K ? _[ _ X m^e
aSe Z @qcq @ce Ra^ I icd
m^ GK \A]e@ L ~j ^R bZee
i\^M W K jY RYZe a
@RYZe m^ La KPZ ~MR^u
^ej_Y \G (ecK _ecji), KQ
aQaQ ae_Zu _Mf Ke (^Zi,
iKUi) @C KQ fKu @j \G,
MC \G, GK iaR^Z ba \G
MQe iaR _Z I ew^ `fe
i e Y d M
ACeKKZ
KK
R^cY ^e Kce
4
4
icKk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KK Kj f, \ a Ke ~ a
Pf... GV @C ja^ @g^ Rje
^Rk @Z_Kg
SeK \A ~cZ Zz ba Rj
@f@ @i[f bf jA[, icZ
@iQ
C_e cjfe aMPe ^N* iaRZ
GZKak La _i Ke~G...
\aKe Mie @C PcP P^
Xk f Ga iA PcPe M i i
feiK g Ke N<ae fMf
UY-UY-Kk-UY\aKe UKG ^A_W SeKaU
ajeK cU SuA\f Ga La
Ree [ Ga @ec\dK ba ag
_a^ ^gie ^A @^y ee Kjf
Pc}e eZ!
Zu a jZe Mi Ga WjY
jZe PcP \aKeu @^c^ \L
KK @C UKG Ree Kjf, GV @C
ja^, \aKe! ~a ~a Pf
\aKe a jZe fei Mi
Ga WjY jZe PcP ]e feiK
g Ke N<[
Ka^e jfK ^k @fKe
XC eqP_ bM[a ag e KK cU
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
icKk
ji ji ^Re ia a[ a\^ P_
^aK
ee ia KeQ ic - ic^u
i^ cka K[
_LNe ihcue ji _Y gbf
aje Pc}e RjeZ
ihcU ag bf _f
i\^ KKue C_ \Lfak
ihc Kjf, \aKe aa! @_Y ~C
@eKZ ijZ age aaue ia
KeQ, i @_ @_ bf jA CVa
- KW Cy j\d!
_ Y _ R C_je ^fak
ic^ ji i Kjf, @_Yue cj^d
ije ~M c ^j
~Zak i h cu ij Z
\aKeue \L jG, i ic^ ji\@
- eMe a\^ @] C_gc j G
iaKue GA ji ji cj \Lf ]^
Zc `e^i ^AUwf!! GA iaK
i\de _eK^ Ke Zc cYh RZe
K C_Ke Ke~AP!!
_LNe ihcue ji _Y gbf
aeq jA KK Kjf, @C
ja^ aSf \aKe! ~a...~a Pf
cP cP ~Z g _LA @if
- ihc @iQ KK WKf, ie...
GK Q-iei MZe Ne bZeK
_g @i @i ihc \aKeu Pj ic^
jif, \aKe ^R \je _fK @^ba
Kf
@^K [e _e @C [e \aKe
baf, i GcZ MUG S@ ajja
KK Kj f, c L a a P
ie...
@_Yu Z KW_Ae^ \aK
Wqe cg c^ KeQ
K c ~ La aP...
Zjf Wqe cgu
WKAa?
^A...GZ KY iNZK jAQ,
Zu WKAa?
Zjf KY Kea?
UKG P_\f j@ _e...
\ a Ke aa ! P _ ai
a\_cg ee GZK Kj\A ihc
ZeZee PfMf
\aKe GZ lY _~ ihcu
Pj ej[f Zue age @R K_e
GK c\KZ [f ihc Pf ~CQ \L
Zu ijZ \ _\ K[ ja Cge
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
ihcU ag bf _f! K ie
aaje! VK ~_e bCY!!
aRK[ KjaK Lk fKue
@ba ^j GAU ibG c^a ~,
CRZ ~^ _Kd ~M icRe
~aZd @^Z fMc QW jA~G ~aK
~aZu Ve @e Ke adu _~
jia ^f RY~a ~, Gc^ ~CV
~Z c Q Kj Q , Pe Ke Q a
VKQ...Z bZe @]Kg Kak GA
~^fki ~M ZY GAU ibG
c^a ~, ~^_Kd i^dZ ^jf
icRe ck\@ Kcg bgW_Wa, _ee
bZe agi eja^, `ke ^e_
@bae @c Kk a am^ lZe ~[
@MA _ea^...AZ\ AZ\
Z af G lZ e MW
Li ~ a U ~C V @Z @Ki K , iV
icR_Zc^ue G KW ^dc...@, aW
\L\dK
- \aKe a[Z jf
Pee lc @Q, ]__aRe lc
@Q, @[P...@, aW \L\dK
- \aKe La a[Z jf
GA ihcue AZji i RY
a _ge bhe WqeL^e iaKu
_Qe [G jGZ GK aeU _gaPK,
^jf GK KeY KjY _gaPK?
j...
- \aKe aeq jf
KY _gaPK? GAbk K b
bfbUKK _g bk @aP^ ~aK
_ga PK Kj ag _gaK @^ _A[
K Zu RY ^[G ~, G[_A GA
S@c^u ~C \L ijaK _W, Zj
_dVe ~[ ag...~[ ag @, aPe ihc!!
\aKeu j\d a[Z jACVf
ic bf Ke fKu @Le ^Ze
]@ aY QU\A _kA ~CQ...@[P GA
^ej S@c^...@, aW \L\dK
- \aKe a[Z jf
GA _ g a PKK f bA \f
\L~a ~, ic KeY KjY ^A
GVK @iQ _Y Kje a_e S@ aj
\aK ik ^j, i @iP Kje Uu
\eKe...i @iP
_Y KZK iae cj^d @\g
^A @iQ; K ic ia KeQ
R^cY ^e Kceu
aaZ SWe iMZ M iKk^
_[c _Kg _G 1965 cij
cjaha iKe _e 1985
\_ak @cai \L Gje
\Zd c\Y Gje _Kg^ \dZ
aj^ Ke[f a\_e _le
_Ze cg _Ke cU 8U
M I GK \N ieZ @fP^
i^ _A[f
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
jf
b\^ _* ah ja jAP
i ~j jC, Zc a a X
jfakK PCk a_e QW b\^e
cga
KjK? \aKe K[UK aS ^
aSf bk Kjf
G \^@ ~aKue \^@, aSf
\aKe? K GA ~aKc^ aX ja,
_ Y @C \k ~ a K @i a GA
~Cc^ aX jf Gc^ Le _e
QW K_V LAa Gc^ aeW KKe
^j ~, Le _ee cR QW QW
b f ~ a Gc^ cY h Gc^ue
_Ue ia KQ ajZ \^ fMej ZY
Gc^ aX \^ Kfaf j@ iA[_A
@R @c aX aXu Le _e \A
@biU icRe Pf eL[f Kf @c
akKk @ifakK @cK cka aSP ,
aSP \aKe? ]cKj, b\^ Kj ia
Gbk Cg ^A - aSP?
\aKeu RYMf i aSQ
i[_A Z \ge aYR aXAa _A
\aKe PCk a_e KeQ, Kke
__hKZ _A i^c \LQ, ijZK
ic Kea _A C_^i KYQ...
K @^K icde c^jG, ^R
Ra^e KZU iei \^ AcZ KKu
_L ai f e i N< a e ~ a ?
aXak K Z icu cka @Rj
aXak K[ c^K GZ a Kea
KjK?
\aKe iA@ _Pef a X ak ~j ja Z
ja...ac^ K[ j iaV aW
c a GA@ \^ Kj[f, aSf
\aKe? K @R b\^e cgP c ZcK
MUG K[ Kj - Zc _KW L@... _U
L@ Z_e \AU lecj^ ag
@ece LA \ XK _Y _@ Zce
c^ja _U eiMf LAP ^j?
\aKe c Uwef
CjZ jA KK Kjf, VK
icZ Zc aXak UK @ec Ke c^ ja Zc ie Ra^U @ece
KU~AP aXak \j c^e g
@YaK jf ie Ra^ bf Kc Ke,
aSf \aKe! icRe ]c aRd eL,
aX\^ _@ ^Z Zce ia Kea
_Le cP cP Ke Pf ~C ~C
G c i e K [
eR Kce eCk
icKk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
K_eh
@C ^e...!
_fae ^k-Cck i`^ ifIe
bZe ^e LR ai[f K*ci Zke
bebe ZR gYZe ai i RY[fKiK eW fe S@MW K Lf iK ^j;
@^Kge j i a ! @C iaZ
iA[_A fWiWe i~M ^A i
_faK Ze _Q_Ue RaW ]e[a ak
_fa ^Re @Zel _A ic^ a _di
Ke ^[f i\^ ae MU @_ZgZ
@[P aj @KlZ ~e ic Kea _A
i ^ch K ce _Z Ke^A[f ^RK
^, ~ jA ^ [f - ~ jae
@aKg ^ [f Uk ~A[f MU
@^Kl Z iNh e a b h K a \ Z
ieaej \dZ e [a KcPeU a]jG
iZKak ^Re \dZ _Z iPZ^
jACV _ Y [ e @fK _ a je
_ZaKK PZeZe ijZ i]e \A[f
@L ^PA _fa _Pe[f- WW
d MU ie_AR? @Me _Z jA
ej [ a _e ZZ l YZ Ce `eA
\A[f ^e- iK AR @f GaCU
G ie_AR!
@]K \^ ^j; Gj cZ Z^ci
K Peci Zke K[ RY i^Z aq
ba i ^cZ jA ~A[f b\K
C_e KYi GK i cja\kde
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
icKk
eR Kce eCk(1976)
10
icKk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_KgZ M iKk^
jZKe(2010)
_Z jf^K Qk - ak - Kgk!
_ce `iA - cVK[ Kj ZeK ~
a jC - Gb[ w
AR `de A^ Ie @
fb! @jKe MKc^u cj e P^Kk
aka Z [f Ze ]c - Ka ai,
i Zj j Kf Zj j jae [f @R
d i, i d e_ K jf^! ^R
icRe c^ i^ c~\ - ce bc^
- @bc^ - _c - bf _AaK _\NZ
Ke Mie Ud _kA @ia KY ~[[ ~q~ q
KeY _Y ic^ - lYK ~^
C^\^! iA[fM iaZ cK UA^u
iAZ^ Ze ZZd _Ze fL[f
Me
[a a MaG
f Ga cAKfu ^KUK @\c Abu ag]ec^ue iaVe Pc}e
@ae KY RY? eZKW - iKi@ f
A<eKi!
_Za\ Ke[f _fa fL[f^e bZee l], Zh, Az, @^z,
@^aeZ iM fkiK _eh ~M~M
aS^j K @R a aSae _di Kea^j,
^e d @e G ` f _ a
fLaak Zc a]jG bf~AQ,
c^ fdi a - jf^ ~ a Z
c^fdie @Kl \^e aWe MZ
icicd K K[Keu
c]e eR eCk ^ Z
bae GK b^e Zu Me
Kbc, @dR^ I MZK fl
Kf bahZe i ~ RY
\l MKe c~\ _A_ea,
G[e KYi ij ^j iaV
aW K[ jf Zu Me Kbc
@~R^K ba @KhYKe
Z QW Zu Me ieP^ I
KAcKK _j*ae MZ c]
ag \ @Kh Y Ke K
@ia]
jf, Rf\ MUK gh
Keae AQ I Me MZc]e
[a K*Z @^c^Z MZe
[ a i k ^e _e _ ^ jA
QWjG
Ga K_ e h MU K
\L~C ^dKe ajc@^
eRu Me ieP^
I KAcKK _j*ae MZ
ag \ @KhYKe
-_Kg cj_Z
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
icKk
11
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cf 120 Uu
12
icKk
cf 60 Uu
cf 70 Uu
Kgk K[Ke
i R ^ e i m i } e
~je M _VK _VKu c^K
QC[a iG j c aPee
Kgk MK
- Meje \i
13
_ K g ^ e _ W
@Rd A
14
icKk
KY GAU?
- C_^i ^iw a\cZ c
fL P \a R ie _X Q I P V
fLQ
i PVU K aW @Mje _X We
eLf Kjf : ~@ \La aj aW
aW fLKue _WP
c `ef c CZ`fZ : Ka
jVZ c aj aje ~A_e
@gu Z : aj aW fLKue
_WP
Z_e \aR ie, @C RY c
ij_V^ S@ _A c PV fL\f
Z aj Z^ ci bZe aje Mf ~\I
Z Kbee Z aje ^U bf Q_
jA[f ~ jC ajeMf Z! G KY
Kc aW K[?
jf c Kea KY?
c Z `i
_f_ `eA @YaK Pe [e
Mf Peah _e _Af Zu _@
Kjf: _Pg ah _e a @_Yu _f_
GV ielZ [a
c KZm jf I ^iw a\cZe
]k ]ieZ _f_ ]e `ef
Z_e RY _KgK cZ MU
_^ aZAf K : ~\ Zc aj _KU aK
iARe ajea Za bf ja @Re
_VK _KU aK iARe aj Pj
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@c aj ia @ee RkRk@
UK UK @f@e SfK \LA fb~a
K[ @c aj K @f @ K @Y
_KgKc^ G _KgKc^ KY MU
RZ? G _Kg^U KY MU RZbK
aaid? c Z bZeK ~C^
MU K[ KjeL : c aj
KYi aW _KgK G ~G Q_ ^j
c 1983 cije fLfL KfY
_Z_ZKe c fL aje KQ fK
cZ _X Zjf ce ajUG
Q_A\f ic^ue KQ @ia] j@
^j Zjf c aj (Lf ce ^j,
icKke _d fLKu aj GA Z[K[Z
aW _KgKc^ Q_ ^j) KjK
ic^ Q_ ^j?
de Ce c _L ^j
eb^ie GcG _Xaak
KaZ fL[f \aR fu Kjf,
C_^i fL, Z \A bf ja
fL[f
MU C_^i _XK
gYA[f
c iwc^u ic Kj f, bf
jAP, Q_A \ \aR fu cZ
MU PV \A Kjf, Z _f_ ^A
IWg aK ee \ Maaa RY
Pje Rje i Q_\a c Mf
IWg aK ee _j* c _f_ \f
Kk@ \@eK ^A Me bCR ~cZ
cj Ke, icZ cj Ke i Kjf :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_KgK cj\dh
c Kjf : jC ~cZ jf
aje
_[c _ : _[c RKRK @f@K
@i MU `c Q_ jAMf c i
`cK c aMe _eA \ ah aff
Z_e i _KgK cj\d _Kg^ ii
a Ke IKfZe c^ \f I c ajK
bfMf
iV ce RY N^ a Kjf
: W< Ie Rc \MY aK\A, Zc aj
Q_ \a i c Q_f ^j
RY a _ecg \f : aSf K
Zc G C_^i `_^i fLf KG
Q_a? G[e ajZ KMR Ly _Ai
Ly Zc ae M_ fL ce MU
_KgK Pj ZK Kj\a
KQ M_ fLf Q_ jf
fK _Xf PV \f ZK GKV
Ke ^ \f : _c cee cYh
a u _ K gK _L _j* f
^g\X P PA^ `U _KgK jiji
(Zu \ La i`, i _^ L@ ^j)
Kjf : Q_a G MU K[! jf c
MW aj Q_ iefY c _e c _WK^
a i`, i e @V \g iU aj
aKA\@ Zc _e fKPee Zc
KfRK \ iU ^@ c \ iU @Y
jZe _Ai \f KfR i aj iaK
^f ^j _^i_f Kjf : _f Ki
gbg
icKk
15
\ _ Z
eR^ Kce \i
16
icKk
Z UafUG
c ^[G i aPe aeaf aje
_e GV iVK iV GVK jC[G fLUG
_ia KeaK d i ~a a RMUG
ieKe fLK KQ baaK a fLae
_di @e Ke iZK akK Neiiee
ia \dZ Z C_eK @\^@ ah _e
cW @ i ~Z K ak NeYue
c^_W ~ _ea ie~AP, Afp af
\@jA^, Uf`^ KU~ae ZeL
_LA @ifY _fue c^_W ~
Zu UCi^ ` \a ZeL @iMfY,
aaa iKdue ^^ _Ke ae\@
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
fLKe iuU
`^ ia iA icde @iae [G
@`ie c jKcjKcu @ZKZ `^
@i
Z i c fLK icd I @Mj
ajeKe I fL i _Kd bZe
@_Yu ijKc a c ^ K[K[K
UjU_e Ke Ka a\ke Ka af
Kja C_ei @]Ke ~\ RYf @_Y
fL af Zjf Z K[ ief K[
K[K L< @ia @_Y gjU Kce
@^gZU icd^~d ie\C[f c
gjZc KcU KYi KeYe ^
jA_ef gYaK ja ~ fLfLe
c^ KX UK @`ie c^ \@ KYi
Cy _\]Ke Ka
Pj ^j ~ Zu @]^ KcPe
ZuVe @]K iU jC KYi MjY
Pj ^j ~ Zu cu c^e Zu
aZZ @C Kj @i^ aiC Zj ZYK
~Z @_[a, @K*^ R^hUG jA[C
^ KjK
GZ ia _ Z a K i c
fLKU G Ze c^e ai a [ a
ahdaK ^A fL fLUG fLf
_e ^R jZe KMR Kk Ly Ke ZK
CZe a WU_ Ke ZK _Z _ZKK
_VAaK WKLy a ^R aj^ KeaK
@c @c _A Kc
Ke[a _ZK gcRaK Ze ^dPZ
__ jC RY aR ae KY GZK
@]Ke ^j ~ i Z gce ^dPZ
cf _Aa? GVe cfK c @[K
\e
Kj^j C_eqcZ ~C cf i _G
Zj KY ~qi wZ I ^dPZ? GZ
ZM I ZZl a\ke ^a i^, ^~ Z^,
cZ \ KY icPZ ? ~C icd @_Pd
Ke fLK ^RK _e_ Kea _A _X
a @^ba iMj Ke I _Y icd, gq
-----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
KY ie[G
fLUG fL\f Ze ici
ie~G^ ZK GKV Ke _K @Kee
_Kg^ Kea c ZV aW ici
i[_A _KgKc^u _LK ]AaK jG
_KgK MW f Kj @RKf aj
aK jC^ ii lZe PfQ ZY @C
aj Q_aK c^ jC^ @MZ fLKu
_ K gKu i e eR jaK j G
KZak KMRe cf KZak
aje WRA^, WU_e cf, KZak
Giae Ly cgA @MZe \aK jG
ia \Aie f _e a _ Z a \ke
KAL cZ K_ ck ~j aaa,
iwi[u iR^ckK K_ a<a<
ie~G RY fLKe ~\ @^[ C_R^
^[G Zjf G Uu beY Kea K
Z[_ fLK Ze Mbi i^K bc
KeaK G ~Y a ij aj _Kg _Aa
_e _VKd KeZk a _gi c La
Kc ck @c _VKc^ G \Me La
aZj `^U KeaK a _KWUG
@[ a ^ ~M Ke fL iA ik
a^ ~M Ke i aK @[ eRMee _^
aje Ke_e[, ^R RcaW, Phai,
iKdu K[ P Ke_e[ g KQ
c^e^e c cZ _e[@ cZ
Gia KQ ^ Ke i RY Eh bk ^i
jG ah ah Z_ie ai ^R Pe_U
DAju MX\ae i~M \G, ^RK
ZkZk Ke KU\, ReR Ke
_Zg Kak GZK [G ~ a^c de
i KQ _VKd _g a _gi _Aa,
Z
fL R^c^ie @\ Z
ja cZ @c Ka a
ZK
C_~q i^ \A_e^ ae @i^Z
Ke d _e a KY @c @g Kea
~ Gbk ^^, ^MY, NY _[dK @g
Ke KYi aRa bahZe fL^
Pk^ Ke a ? ^ f R ba Ze
_Za \c^u lc Kea I @biMZ ba
_Y ^RK fL_Xe ^cM Kea?
icKk
17
K e q
i\^ Z_V
c KjK fL
18
icKk
KQ Kc jjKe Ke ^ [f Zj jGZ ce
b, ~je ie_ _\K \g ^ _e K
@^ba Ke~A_ea Z_e @if ^Re
@^bZ, aPe I \KYK Rje Keae
\ iZak j @e jf _KZ
@]d^ I M eP^e Z Ga @agKZK
RYae @^i ^@e KQ fLae i_
I @Mj _Y Kcg IWge cU, _Y,
_a^Ve \eA ~A Pjk i Keae
fkie M eP^ Ke[a KZ_d _ai e u
_bae cKkaK a fM[f KQ icd
@jeZ gk_]^ M]ee IW@ MK
cKkAae GK \X @Kl RZ jf
c^e Ga _e i Z a\k f Y Ga
\LMfY ~ _Zag I a\g M]ee
e_Y Kea _die ~Cc^ ciMf
[f I KQKk Rfi i KeaK lc c]
jA _e[f ic^ Kcg _ZLZ
jCQ
Ga c \dZa]e fLQ KG
_X a ^_X (~jZ @ce _VKM
agk a @g^e_ iLK ^j ) @c _eiZ
I Ze @KlZ _ea^ _A Ree ^a\^
I AMZ, ~[gq KkZKZ ijKe, Me
eLae C\c Re@Q ce i[_A
@agK _WbM, P^ I @^gk^
~KYi PeZK ^e_l \e \La
_A fLKK Z ie ^KUa jA
`e@iaK ja \iji I \LbM RY
fLKe PZ^K @kcq Ke @ag i
K]g^ I lcgk a jA_ea \eKe
fLKU G i L e ej a @b k hK ~\
_[cKZ \G Za i aj Mj^ K[
RYae aPZ ja ^d- @^K RYAa
Z \ee K[
f^ bM[a iaVe jd cYhUe
^iMZK cccc C_f KeaK c Pj,
ZeK jUfe cjw L\ LAae ic[
[A a \^\^ ]e C_aie ej [e [e
I jd cYhe, bKf fKUe KjY
fLaK Z[_ ajZ icd ^G M ^d
@ZaWc M cLu
e j\de i c^aKZ
C\K Ke_ea Ga iekZ I c^aKZe
C e ejae ~MZ @^ KYi c^ad
PZ^e, @ZKK Z I _X e ~ ^[G
Zj iPA\a _A c fL
20U M 160 _ cf 80 Uu cZ
_a 2012
ba^ge ijZ Ca
G[e _el^el KaZK ^A
GA agLe
icKk
19
-i^f Kce _
@ZZd
_e\e Zc Rb
~a ckA ~G c _Ue
Zc \g^e ah Pe~G
c ide, ]c^e!
^e Zce @*W \M
iR ~a ce \LZ
KUG i~e ZZe
WjK[G Zce i lZ
~Z CyU jG Zc gh
^aW jG Zc @gh,
Rj @f@ ~cZ @ZZd _e
V@ jA[G ic\ afe
@aKk icZK \g ce ag
jUfe SK\A ~a
Pj\G _j @f@,
20
icKk
g q c
KCV @i
KCV @i Bge G \je,
Zc @c bf_Aae
_c Keae!
KCV @i G I\ cUe ai
_a^e cfdc Q@
eZb _fM iR`fe aQY!
_QK[ _ie ~A[f a
KCV @i MU iKk
IVe RWA~G MZ
be Z`\g @ZZ!
iaZK _Z SWMf _e a
KCV @i K*A CV K@
KcZ @eYe R^c[G ^@!
GZ @e _e a
K@ZeUG il[G
PeU _e Rk[G,
`Rf _e ji[G ic\
@ki bw[G,
_Y @Kg eZK \g[G!
PWaf_e KCV @i GZ \L,
IkZk V@jG
_ \Xe Z _ie ji
~aak @LZk ^A\G KRk
_Y QZZk LY\M!
~@^ S@ jZe
KG @i _Q\G cj
_KA\G _R
fPKP g~e
ieeZ Ke G LR!
iKkK PCeck
KcZ ~ a*~G ceR!
afNeU ~ bw~G
QkQkA @i fj
KCV @i PK PK \g
\\ Pj Ke G cj!
bK _Ue
KCV @i G ^\,
GZ _ KCV @i!
^e Zce @*W \M
iR ~a ce \LZ
KUG i~ e ZZe
WjK[G Zce i lZ
G c i e K a
c j u e K a Z
\jKk
_ZU fjWe ^Pe
ie^j Cfi,
\K \K ^lZe ie^j @f@
N^Ne eZe Rce
ie^j @e
jf KjK ie~G
ce \^, ce icd!
aXja fL[G
@dhe NW]e AZji
aje _j*~ae,
jZNW KPe @*W \Me!
KY [G G Kke,
_Zd, _ZgZ, K[ \@^@
aX aeMQe @ZK[, iL\Le `if!
@LZk Kk\M ~a
bfZe QA_e \g
iAV aXjA [Kce icd
K_ke ]W]W eLe
K jle fL[G icd!
\M \M G IV [e[e
KZKY M_,
~jKQ gb^j _e
\M \M G QZZk
RaW]e g^Z, ^R^Z
GcZK aXjG icde QA
GcZK aXjG ^eaZ!
Ga LUMW _L _K\^
g~Zk _W@ _W@ ],
bd, Mc\aZu QW`f
\^ GA g~Zk Z
Kc _KUe a _W[f
i afKe icd!
gq cj(1974)
_KgZ KaZ _K
_Yah
icj^
fNP_
icKk
21
K [ a
22
icKk
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KaZe al `k]e ^j
Gj Kak Qd \G
c ijZ fL ijZ c _A @aie
a^\^ ^j, a jZe Lk ^j, ijZ
ce agh @Ze _Zd I _cY ]c
I @]Z cZ a ^j, cq Ke
ijZ ]cagicq ja, G bf ]eYe
aga jA @c @ce bbcK iM
KeiefY iKfee @[^j ]c_eZM Zc ~\ ]cd Bgeu agi
Ke^j Za ^R @ike i_Z @iK
a aaKK ]e Pf, K ajc@e ^
~aeR jae ec<K K^ ^ ZcK
cYhe _eYZ Kea ^ ZcK ijZe
cYhK \Lae i~M \a
2009 _Re @_Y KQ ~a
Kau ij cg KaZe MUG Aje
Z@e Ke[f IW@ KaZe KY
ej a /KY ^ ej a i ^A ed
gYA[f ~cZ K \kZ acg eja
@^a~, fLKUG _lbq ja CPZ
AZ\ AZ\ MUG _U IW@ \kZ
KaZK @_Y _eZq j I ceV
icKk
23
24
icKk
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25
26
icKk
je_i\ \i Ga _X[a aj
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
c fL ij Z , K ij Z
aje c _XZa @]Kg aj @ijZ
Ga _Xf Gi[e W` I @bRZ
a^R u eP Z AeR aj Poor
Ecocomics: Rethinking poverty and
the ways to end it \e\ ^eKeYe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27
_ Y _ X a
\
c _i
^c^
iR
28
icKk
gc _i\ P]e
K_ehe MW
K_ehe MW ^ [G ZY i
@MK ~A_e ^j KG Kj[f? KjV
gY[f Rd? KCV, Ka _X[f?
iKk CVa _e jVZ GcZ \U ]W
Z c bZeK _g@i[f Ga ZKA
G _~ baQ K[U KG Kj[f a
KCV fL jA[f ~Z aW K[
^j, iAU iZ ^ cQ iAU j RYa
\eKe Ga Kak iA[_A i a
jA _W[ f
Kc i ^R ie Ke^f
~, i MU K_eh Ga Ze MW
^j ZY i @MK ~A_ea ^j
Kak @MK KjK, _QK, KWK, C_eK,
ZkK, KCVK a! GcZK i Z aQYe
CV_ea ^j! K KZ icd _A?
iZakK @` i UAc
jAie[f a] KZU aR[f
KRY ? Rde jZN< [ f K^
if`e i ai[f
LU C_e ZK@K
@CR _eY, _Zk I _d @i^ \g[a
ZK@ a_ Pf~A[f Zu @`iK
ehANe af K j ~C[ a QU
aLeU e Z _A LAa aX \A
~A[ a d b Z e @^K icd
jAMfY, a_ Nee _eY, ]Ze MU
U_ iAKf MWC MWC Kj[f, LAa
aX\AQ, gN LA^A @`i Pf~a
PaU c^Ke iA KV ie eL[a
Ze Z `e `e @^K We!
Rd _ ZKU gK g Y [ f
^@Ke gY[a _e; iia ge KQ
@[ ^[f _e KQ icd _e a_ue
MU a Kea g gY~A[f Rd
U_ ce[f
a_ _Pef : KY jf?
\j bf fM ^ K ? @R GZ icd
gA_Wf ~, @VU aRfY
Z _A G ia ge KQ @[
^[f i cj afA \L[f, a_u
\ jZe \U _eY K_ K_ C_e
ie, jfK ^kewe ]@ a_ @ ^A
_W[ f Ga K_U aXC aXC _Pe[ f
KY jAQ Z MW? i ^LMW K KU^
KjK? Rd ba[f QU CeU
\A\a : G MW \U ce ^j
KYi K_ehe \L, KZ jfK
fMQ
K P K_U ^A IVe Q@A
P ijZ iA gMWK XK \A[f
a_ ^R Z MWe jZ ce Kj[f
- KZ _Zk jAMfY Z! i iMU
`MU QW ag P c _A^ K
jVZ P K_U aXA[a K[ c^_KA
a] P_ jA~A[f Kj[f :
KfV Z _A jfK UK Ke\a
a_ VK Kj[f MW \U
_Zk jA~AQ GZ jfK a fMQ
K G \U Ze Z? a_ue @nZ
i[ K_ehe MW _A jfK! jj K Pc}e @WbUARc<!
Rd RY, Ze MW \U
Lkke MW ci_ge _ I ag
UY a_u iAK[ Kj\a af
ba [ f K i @Me Ka GZ
bfbae ^R MW \UK \L[f K
^j, i K[ c^_W^[f
jAf e _X[ a ak [e@]
icKk
29
_[c _e [a aW `UU [f
MU `Uaf Lkke `Ue [f,
Ze gq MW, ak \j Ga VK _\e
aU C_eK [f afU i_L KYK
@ \g[f RfNe Mf_ ~j
ice [f La QU @ jA~A[a
MfK_e Rde MU cj _A Az
jA[f Ree P}e Kea _A P}e
Ke Kja _A ~, i `UU cQ icZ
KQ `U _KZe Kj CVA ^ [a
Kak G jfK MW \UK, ~j
Sf_ W[ f
LU C_e ZkK, [ Kea _A
G PK i jKe gk akak _eY
\^e KMR a _KA \A~G K jKe
Pf~A[f MU ajeK KZ Ree
Pf i! KcZ Z MW? KcZ
\g? KcZ \g a_u MW? ag
gq I UY?
@z, KcZ \g icZe MW?
ag f jA[a ^? _Zk I Me?
_\e @wV KZU Kak i \LQ
Z _Y bf bae ^j if bZe
P_ jA f f ^f_f i ak
@wVe ^L \L i @^K [e Az
Ke[f
^R MW aRA \a _A jVZ
Rde QZ [eaK @e Ke[f Pj
\L[f, Z QZ C_e Kk Kk ak
bZe KQ MU fP ej ~cZ G_L
i_L jC[f La Ree jZ \UK
P_ ]e[f Ga icZ P_ ]e[a
@ai e j \L [ f Zk _W [ a
LaeKMRUK @C[e @R KZ
ZeL? hjk ZeL Z? a]ae?
Rd @^ba Ke[f, Z MW
\U g^e @\g jA~AQ i
Kak LU C_e ZkK \U ^R MW
Sf[ae \L[f ~jK i aee
NhY Kf iA ^cj^ K_ e h e
af a_ @i \ Z^ [e M]A ~a
La Kc @[P _bagk M
fL[a gc _i\ P]eu G
M iuk^U _Kg _G 1986
cij ^be cie _Z
_bZ P]eu \e ^aPZ
9U Me ic G _K Kak
RY MK bae ^j, GK\
KfKZe _Zag _ZK _Kg
Ke i ag PyZ jA[f...
30
icKk
Pe \a Ga iiaK Mk Ke SeK aU
`w\a
@R K Wee MfakK icZ
jGZ efb ja _A _Z jC[a Z
Uaf I PK [a `u i aWaa
_Le ai[a aWaa bhY \ae
a [a P cMC[a icZ ^ [C
af Kja _e KfWWu cMAa K
af Kj[a cQe il_e Kjf,
i fA^ ce[a cj Kj @ag G
\ U g Gc Z a jA_e i
MfakK icZ ^[a `e^^e Pf
~A[a, @`Ue^^e efb jA~AQ
af \LZ Ke GcZ Z Pk
G ia iA icede Kei\
a* @`ie c^Re gk aj jAQ,
_Y a \h QW^ icZe a* @`iK
U^i`e jA~a _Qe @C Kje jZ
@Q?
iced gk jec aW
Rd @je @^K Le_ K[ Kjf
Rd VK Kf, @R @`i ~a^
~a^ K icZ Z jZcVe ae` L
_e Zek ~A _Y jA aj~C[a K[
\L_ea^ \L _ea^ a icede
@\g cje ji i @`i ^ ~a K[
ie Kf _e jVZ c^jf, MW \U
bZe @ IR^ `e@iQ KQ cj
_e MW \AUK G_L i_L Kf
@w V M W K c^K c^ auA MY
`UAae fMf i ]e ]e K^
@WK N* if` bZeK N< _A jZ
aXC[aak j aje K^e KQ MU
Ree aRae g jf Az aee
PcK _Wf Ga KQ cj _e \Lf
ic _Pe C_e MU j`_<_
UK _Zk _Zk MW \U Ze K
KRY KcZ ag gq c^jf
_Pe i_Le @^ UKue _UZ
gb[f GZ QU \U aLe NeK
GZ aW _PeU KjK NeAa _A
Pj[f KG, i K[ @^K [e Rd
ba[f I @~ jA[f Ga K
\LQ, GZ aW MU _Pe C_e
j`_< _ MU QU UKK @Me
@^K[e \L [ a , K Ga c^
jC[f Zj j ^@ KQ cj _A Z
c^jf, _Pe C_e Kak \U
MW @C KQ ^j K UK ZkK
31
KY jG Rde? KY jA[f GZ \^
]e Rde? KcZ MU @RY bae
UY jA~C[f Kak QUK _ Wa _A
\eK, aj \eK _Y [e UY jA~a
_A? _[c _[c Z fM[f
, icZ ijR
La ijR K jVZ K fMf \a
a* @`ie iA iced, gk iA
c^Re @if aie gf Pe
bZeK icZ K WK jG KY Ke i
iV? cj, cg, gZ_[ Z ^e M_
Z@e Ke iMU _^ L@ icZ
icZ Kj eZe a@e aZf Lf
@C i gk _^dK a `f \Lae
I\ i a ag ijR bwe icZ K
fwk Ke a^ Ke @C iced
jA~G je aW! Rd RY G
icu _A icZ GK @\ _!
[e Rd Ze MU _eY
_cKV KZU afMeW @Y[f
_eY _cK? j-j _cK ^j Z
MU `^ i gk aj jA
ie [ f K Rd _Le \ a k Z
\LC[f af Rd @^c^u KjQ
\ak
Z Kjf KY? ^f_fiK
e _Zk
Me Me @wVK @~[e fA
\La I \LAa, ^jf \ jZ
C_eK UK ce Li aa, Z _Y
@^K icd ]e, ^jf P AZ\
\fak @~[ ^A_Wa Ga gX QZe
Li~a iKe ^ RYf _e ja
^jf Rd _j*f _e @C MU
jZKU aCR _a GcZ @^K Rd
[e G iae MU f Ke[f
Ga ^e
_j*f 84 ^ 85e Za iA _eY
_cK ~G Kak Z ^R @W @eKZ
\LG, Rde aLZe i, i KY
_A MUA eL[f i afMeWK
KRY, Rd i[e ZeU bf bf aQ
^A @i[f c ZcK bf_G - GA
]WUK bwbw, @le, cZ, `k iaK
MUG MUG Ke MU P_^e
_ZKU afMeW C_e fL[f
ba [ f , i c Z K KYi ^ KYi
aj^e iZK \A\a ZK i
~cZ iRA eL _X aS a ^ aS,
eL a `w \C a `eA \C i
^R [e G_L i_L Ke afMeWMW K
eLf Ga Z_e _Xf
:
Z K 44 c b _ 4 G c f
32
icKk
ZK MU ie ^@ ecfe eL
Z _e\^ @`ie icZK \A\a
af ba[f icZ KY iA ecfK
j `eA[? jGZ @C MU QU
ecfe iA @le `k cZ iaK @^
_Ke Q* iZe aY `eA[
~cZ Rd ba[f :
c4Z
4Kcb
f_4G
icZ aYaY Ke? ecfe?
Kj QZe? Kj Ra^e?
Z _e\^ K iced @`iK
@i icZ K WK^A GZ icd ]e aie
gf Pee aiAf ~ aiAf
K KY Kf KRY, Rd P_Ke @`ie
CVMf ajeK aje _^ \K^e
S@UG ai ^@ ^@ QZ Cy jC[f
Ze baf ZV KQ iMU KY iA
ecfb afMeWZK \A\a i S@
KY aSa i[e _Ai cMa K _^
\K^K Mf akK Ze a X c
ai[f Rd ecfb afMeWZK
`w\f \eK ajZ \eK Z_e
@`i `efakK icZ Z[_ a [f
Pe bZe i eMe CVMf
j`W KR@f fb @_Ki^ fL
aWaau ]eA\f Ga NeK ~A
Rc_< IjA fw _ aQY C_e
gA_W f K Q icd _e ^ R K
iced c^Ke icZ \jK c^c^
RaW ]ef Ga @je @^K K[ Kf
Z_e KQ \^ _A i ba^A[f ~,
icZ iZe icede
K jVZ ~C\^ a* @`iK
icZ U^i`e jA Pf~a @We @if,
Rd _Y ba[f @^K icd ]e ~
i c Z Ze Ga Li Pf ~ CQ Z
jZcVe Ga @R iZK iZ icZ Li
~A[a jZcVe i jZcVK Pjf,
P_ jA ejQ @wVia KY _A?
KQ ^j Z Z bZe! ]e]e
jZcV Lff Ga VK iZakK
afU _Pe WA i] Ne bZeK _g
@if GKae Z aQY C_eK,
UKc^ue _U gbf - Mf! Mf!
_Y _Pe C_eK CVf iA
UK MfK_e Rd baf, G[e
^ _Pe i] WA_Wa ZkK Ga Ne
33
RY ae fLK, a I gbKl
ba c cZcZ - ~j jC Ze cf
- \f; @g Ke gYaK Zce @Mj
@Q
_[c K[, C_^ie bh i]eY
IW@ _VKK aPkZ Kea Ze aK
e ~j jC^ KjK, Ze ie a
gk^Za] ~M i @g @^ba
Kea aqMZ ba c aPkZ ^j; Zc
iji \L Z cZ ^R fLe G_e
iji c \LA ^j ce @^ ~
Zc _eQ aa]c ijZ @i ej~a
~\ PeZc^u ba^ P I K[a
aa Ra^e @^e_ PeZc ^u bhVe
fLK \eA ej - i bh ~Z
@_ Z K e, a e]Z K , a Z Z K
jA[C @cc^uVe _\ - ag aW
_\ - @MA ~A[a _A a]A ^jZ
^zK I LfLf ^ jf a ag
@[MbK AwZ]c bhe IW@ ijZe
_ adu _A ahda, PeZ P
PZ^ PZYe @cc^uVe ag ^bK
fLK g^ @P~ u a _Qe
_KA\f ba_aYZ I Qk^_ ^ZK
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a P ee ^ c M IW @ _VKe
@beP _e_le @cc^
\eKeV @]K b\PZ ejMf
~j IW@ ijZe akZ a
Keae ij~ Ke^j ZY
Zce bh aaje _A _Y [e
Zk cW Z[_ UKG ej ij
@MAaK ce _ecg Zc
i e @beY iZZ _A
@agKd @g k g @ag
aaje Ke a , K i[ e
c Z ad jf bf Kje
~_e c^ ^ jG ~ ic^u
Kak PKZ Kea Zc Cg
@~[ @_~ _ecY I _^ea
Az \c^ Ke @ _ecYe
aaje Kf Gje IR^ aXa
_VKK jeWA\a ^d Zce
Az ^j - @U K? Ga Zc
Z RY @c elYgk b\fK
_VK KZ ijRe jeW~G!
K C_^ie ahda a _^ A^ _KgZ ijRf _[c ieY(2006)
@P Z ^ a e e ce ic^Zc @ia ba @]^Z^ KjYe aK
icfP^ ^j (C_^iU) _cZe C_\^, e, \g^e KYi ZU @Q
PKhK, P-\ZK; CnUZe _eie af KG KjQ? ic^Zc ^j af c
bZe _eKZ GA a[ _c KjY KjQ gbz, cW Pf
icZ ieY(1990)
34
icKk
`U C_^i iKe
_[c aRac^ _X, Zue _ZKd
_Kg Ke, Z_e ~A iai]eYe
ajU _Kg Ke~a
aR a cjfe _d cgZ _ZK d
_Kg _AQ Za KY G _K @Mc
KYi \^e _Kg _Aa? @gkZe
c_\ ]e ai [ a Z[K[ Z
@fPKc^u i]ikL Pf \a?
^ Zj _R_Z C_^i _e fLKu V@
KeAa KVMWe?
Z[_ c cq bh aajee,
KjYe Pc}e a^e I _Z_~M
bh I aaje a^e `U IWge
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
@CU @` _<
_^c\
Y
@_le _^ A^e 3U _K
La gN _^ A^ _Kg KeQ
Ka je_i\ \iu
K ijZ GKWc _ee _ KaZ _K
MbMj
icKk
35
a a z \
`a@ee _X[a aj
IWgK ^A MUG C_^i
IWgK ^A KZU KaZ
\ IWg Mf GA aj j @c
bZe aXAf aZ GA aj _X c RYf
\^b^ eGaU u _e_e
A<e^Ue aZ I C_^i iKe
ba \@^@
36
icKk
@^^ _Pe, KC f?
GAV Wa^e, GK\ @B(Rdu
c) ~CV _X[f Kj @R^
gh akK eZe Rdu Ke
ceL ai[ @^^ aaj @C QW_ZK
^A Pf[G @fP^
Rd Kj , j eZ e ja
aaj
~\ ia Kj @^^
@C Z_e Rdu @fw^ Ke
@^^ Kj, c K i _~ @_l
Ke_ea ^j GZKe jG C_^ie
_eic
Za C_^iU Kak GK
i]eY _ c KjY ^ j ae Gj
beZe GK _cL ^Zgk IWg _Z
Zue g @k af ^R Kj fLK
\^b^ C_^ie _VK IWg ^Z
]e @C gk C_e c] @^K Z[
_Aa C_^ie @]d MWK ckK
IWg _~dK ^A ^cZ, ~[: PCK,
cwkPeY, aU , _f a , MZb ^ d,
@b^d, Zbw Ga cl @\ C_^ie
@^K @]d PCK ghKe [aak
37
Qa ^ae @Mj eL @^
MZ ah c @^ue _[c _K
cbw @^ _X[f @C Ga _Xf Au
WAR Zue KaZ ia @]K NUY _aj
@]eZ K a^ ff_Ue ad
cjk, _fKf ga ce, MU I
@` A@, 100U 5Uu@ c\,
jA\a\ fUee `bf, ahe
Zaf ei AZ\ aj Ka Z e
Z}kKZe Q_ ej[f a Gia bZe
Ka aXQ KQ Pe^ iZZ Ra^e
Mj^ @^ba @C G ~K age N^NU
ag Ra @^ ag^]u KaZe
IWgK jeAa I _Y[e LR _Aae
@^ba ag Zue KaZe i\
_KgZ aje IWg iKZ \AU KaZ
K[g @Rd Au
ajk aKZ
M _K
aCe MZ LZ
cf 50 Uu cZ
38
icKk
ejQ- \ eW U eCeKf Ga cA
IW@ @i< GZ\b^ @^K KaZe
_VK _Aa @^u IW@ @Ze e
\AU ~K aje ag ba
\g~@ IW@ @^ ^@e edMW @^
\ U^ jc, I<e i^, eCeKf,
c PfK bk KaZc^ Kj @^u
IWg i_qe K[ icfx @MA ~ae
ack aeY cbw @^ Kk gL~G,
K jR~G ^j Kae I\_Y, Gj j Au
WARe aaZ
Cbd \^b^ eGaU Ga @^
ag^]u ce @b^^ c bh, c
i Z , c _eeK bf_A[ a e
ic^u _Le c KZm
- g._.
_ZKe ^dcak
icKk am_^ @_l Gje _ieY C_e @]K MeZ \CQ jGZ @_Yu ije a M aj
\K^e icKk C_f ^j @C _e @_Y LRa akK iaZK K_ gh KY Kea?
ahK MjK ~R^e icf j@ Ga aecie _ZK ij _@ MUG c^fb M_aj
@Rd Au aCe MZ LZ
cYk PURu icU, Ka I _R_Z
_*RY ZeY MKu ckZ _Za\^ _a
@bi Kce aeku RaY I @^^ M
a\Z fZ agku cjcQ I @^^ M
@gK Kce Z_Vu P`fe ai
jWa cjLWu @a^ K[
~M~M
gbg _, i_\K- icKk, 318, ^k\ aje, PgLe_e, ba^ge-751021 \ebh: 9338655845
icKk 39
i _ \ K d
\ @U
`ei i^c AZjie ia]K _ee Kk]k icde Gbk i^cUG Kea iaK ~M @ia _e ^a K i^ZeK
@_YAae eKW iKe PkZ ah 5U
Ie _ee _AQ \ @U G i^cU
\La _e ce c^_Wf
Ka je_i\
\iue MUG Cq @]^K
Z aqe
[G ^ icde, GA _ge Cee i
Kj, aqe ^j, K icde ^j;
@]^K
Z [G aqe icde ^\ e
\ @U ac^ icd Ve aj @Me,
ajMYe @]^K ^gK cAKf
jR^biC iu cZe G i^cU ^a K
i^~M _Z GK g ^a\^ a^ C_Kc,
_KiP
^ aZeK G i^cK ~ Kj
\Lf c^ ja, i 1927 cije
KYi GK ^aK i^c \LQ \
@U Kak GK Kk]k ^a K i^c
^j ae Gje iU, i^ce K Ve
cRK
_~, G_eK bR@ f KfU c]
^ a K ~ M e i ^c bk a c ^
UK^fRe a_K C^d^ i KjK
Gbk GK i ^c i Ke Q GZ
@fW^? KjK MUG Q_Q_K@
@_lKZ l_ \g @C a^ ik_e
Kk]k i^cK ^A GZ Py? KeY
40
icKk
RR bf<^u
iNhe KjY \ @U
fK iaK i^cK MjY Kea^ Ga
Z[_ i i_ee jA eja GA
@Zag i ^dKu KeQ ia i^c
^_A ^R iRQ _~RK iaK
i^cK Pf \A ^R MXQ ^a K
i^c i^c jfe @^A ejQ
\gKu cMYe gMWe ~Z ai @WK
cjA[a ak, \ @Ue \gK
cjAQ iaK i^c @WK \^\^
`u_WQ ^a K i^ce jf, \ak@
jA~AQ RR @ag i^c KjY
GAV gh jC^j _c, a`kZ @C
iNhK ^A MZgk jAQ \ @U
i^cU \La _e c Z^U ^he
C_^Z jAQ
1.) Kak UK^fR a \c\e KjY
i^c _A ~[ ^j, G[_A fW
b^ \ KY
2.) _ee @C @ZZ ij i~RZ jA
@]^K
ja KKe, K @i] ^j
3.) @c ijZe C_\^e @ba ^j
K ZlY \_ Ze @ba