This copy of Campus Firewatch is provided to you by EIIA
NOVEMBER 2008
From the Editor ................................2
Campus Firewatch Media Project
Trapped in Flames ............................8
Campus Fire Log ..............................9
Legislation Update ..........................11
Campus Firewatch Resources ........16
Remembering Julie
In October, the Pi Beta Phi
Fraternity for Women launched the
program “Remembering Julie” in
honor of Julie Turnbull who died in
a tragic off-campus fire at Miami
University in Oxford, Ohio, in 2005
along with Kathryn Welling and
Stephen Smith. Julie was a mem-
ber of Pi Phi and a great-great
granddaughter of one of the
founders, so there is a special
connection for all Pi Phi’s.
The goal of this program is to
raise awareness of fire safety
among students by selling flame-
less candles from Candle
Impressions and is a collaboration
between the People’s Burn
Foundation, Campus Firewatch
and Pi Beta Phi. Each of the
seven chapters in Ohio are selling
the candles with 100 percent of
the proceeds going to fund the
People’s Burn Foundation’s cam-
pus fire safety education program,
igot2kno.org (www.igot2kno.org).
Continued on page 3
IN PUBLICATION SINCE 2000
Alcohol and its impact on fire safety
By Ed Comeau
Ask any fire chief in a college community about the dangers of alcohol and students,
and they will all invariably agree that it is a problem. Furthermore, in looking at fatal
campus-related fires since 2000, a contributing factor in a number of them has been
impaired judgment from alcohol consumption. However, the direct impact of alcohol
on evacuation times has never really been directly evaluated.
Drinking on campuses
There is little doubt that alcohol is a factor on many campuses when it comes to stu-
dent safety. According to a recent study looking at the impact of the minimum legal
drinking age on campuses by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism:
Drinking is deeply ingrained in the campus culture at many universities across the
Nation. Eighty-three percent of college students drink, and 41 percent report
Continued on page 4
Smoke alarm testing program at NIST
In 2001, the National Institute of Standards and Technology did a series of smoke
alarm tests to evaluate the effectiveness of the alarms under different fire scenarios
(the test reports and revision history can be downloaded at smokealarm.nist.gov).
However, the results from these tests had received criticism from several different
organizations and publications (including Campus Firewatch) and the results had to
be revised several times. A major point of contention was around the performance of
the different smoke alarm technologies (photoelectric, ionization and dual-sensor
smoke alarms) in relation to the tenability conditions. (For more information, a two-
part series on this appeared in Campus Firewatch in February and March 2008. In
addition, two podcasts on this topic were done on Fire Marshal’s Corner, hosted by Ed
Comeau, on at www.firehouse.com).
In 2008, NIST undertook another series of tests to again determine the operational
characteristics of smoke alarms with some changes from the original testing pro-
gram. According to Tom Cleary, a chemist with NIST’s Building and Fire Research
Laboratory (BFRL), the testing program involved purchasing a number of off-the-shelf
smoke alarms from retailers and testing them in a full-scale mockup of a residence
using standardized fuel packages, which was not done in the previous tests. In addi-
tion, the actual alarm times of the smoke alarms were monitored and recorded. In
the 2001 tests, this was done through calibration data instead of monitoring actual
alarm activation.
Continued on page 7
© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
2 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008

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Campus fire safety is a complex issue.
The information in this newsletter is
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Ed Comeau, the editor of Campus Firewatch, is the former chief fire investigator for the
campuses and in communities
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across the country.
fire fighter with the Amherst, Massachusetts, fire department while pursuing his degree
Contact us at
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ecomeau@campus-firewatch.com
and let’s talk!

© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM

 3 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008

Remembering Julie Continued from page 1

“We did this in memory of Julie,” said
Katherine Niesen, vice president of
member development at the Pi Beta Phi
chapter at Miami University. While the
fire occurred before any of the present
students came to Miami University, “she
was one of our sorority sisters and all of
our members knew this and were glad
to be involved.”
What was the reaction of the other
students?
“They thought it was great that we were
working to keep her memory alive,” said
Niesen.
“Our original goal was that the program
would only be in October but it is so
successful that some are carrying it
through November as well,” said Emily
Nicholson, manager of the Pi Phi
Express®. According to Nicholson, there
are over 500 women involved in the
program and the goal was for each of
them to sell two candles, but it has gone
beyond the undergraduates. “The uni-
versities and the alumnae clubs have
been supportive and a key part of the
campaign because they have gone out
with them (the undergraduates) and
have been a support group, helping
them to execute it.”
In addition to the undergraduates, can-
dles are also being sold online through
Pi Phi Express (www.pibetaphi.org). “We
purchased candles to be a support for
the chapters to ship them extras if they
needed them,” explained Nicholson.
“We have sold well over half of our
inventory from headquarters. What I
think is great bout Pi Phi Express is that
it hasn’t just limited the program to Ohio
and it lets us reach out to other places
and people can buy a candle and make
a contribution to PBF.”
On the packaging for each candle was a
sticker promoting the campus fire safety
education website igot2kno.org that was
developed by the People’s Burn
Foundation under a Department of
Homeland Security Fire Prevention and
Safety Grant. In addition, a flyer about
Julie and fire safety tips were also pro-
vided to everyone that bought a candle.
Each chapter was also provided with
copies of the DVD from igot2kno.org
that had an impactful video program
about fire safety. “A lot of the chapters
showed them in a chapter meeting and
then also took them to the Pan-Hellenic
meetings (meetings of all of the sorori-
ties on a campus) and shared it there,”
said Nicholson. “It went extremely
well.”
The Ohio Eta chapter at Denison
University conducted an extensive out-
reach campaign that included a table in
the student union, talked about the pro-
gram during a house brunch with
alumni, parents and other Greek houses.
“The program has really benefited our
chapter as well as our campus with its
original and proactive approach,” said
Caitlin Kelly, vice president of member
development for the chapter.
Since the program has not finished up
yet, final figures are not available.
However, by all indications it has been
very successful in helping to bring
awareness of fire safety to today’s stu-
dents and to raise funds for the People’s
Burn Foundation. “We were so happy
with the effort and so happy to keep
Julie’s memory alive,” said Niesen. “It
was very successful and we are looking
forward to doing it again next year.”
In addition to being successful, it is a
wonderful way to remember a wonderful
woman.
If you want to learn more about Julie
and the scholarship established in her
memory, visit www.julieturnbull.com.
nnn

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© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
4 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008
Alcohol and its impact on fire safety Continued from page 1
drinking five or more drinks on an
occasion in the past 2 weeks, a par-
ticularly dangerous pattern of con-
sumption. In addition, anecdotal
reports and some research studies
indicate that many college students
drink far more than five drinks per
occasion. An extreme example is the
practice of attempting to drink 21
shots within the first hour starting at
midnight of one’s 21st birthday, which
has resulted in alcohol poisonings.
The same study goes on to state,
“Although colleges may “inherit” drink-
ing problems, many students do
increase their consumption when they
get to college.”
Measuring the impact of alcohol
on egress time
An innovative study was undertaken
recently at the Maryland Fire Rescue
Institute (MFRI) in College Park,
Maryland, to look at this problem.
Andrew Pantelis, a fire technician and
paramedic with the Prince George’s
County Fire and Rescue and a vice pres-
ident with the county’s Firefighter and
Paramedic Association, designed this
study as part of his Executive Fire
Officer (EFO) program at the National
Fire Academy.
“This component is for the second year
of the program which is the community
risk component,” said Pantelis. “Each
person has to do an applied research
project as part of the four-year program.
Basically, what we want to do is gauge
the relationship between alcohol con-
sumption and how long you have to
escape from a simulated fire.”
Since College Park is the home of the
University of Maryland, there is a large
student population in the area and, trag-
ically, it has also been the site of fatal
off-campus student fires. “Over the
past few years we have responded to
two fire fatalities in off-campus hous-
ing,” explained Pantelis, “and there
© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
aren’t too many outreach programs
between the department and the univer-
sity. They have their own fire marshal
on campus but there is a gap in off-
campus housing that no one reaches
out to.”
MFRI is located right off of the univer-
sity campus and had a training tower
that was well suited for simulating con-
ditions that could be found in any stu-
dent housing. The research program
was designed with the assistance of
MFRI’s research director, Angela
Bennett.
“A simulated apartment on the fourth
floor was used,” reported Pantelis.
“Some adjustments were made to make
it similar to a dormitory apartment or an
off-campus apartment with two bed-
rooms, a kitchenette, a living room and
two hallways.”
The exercise started with the students
lying down on a bed in one of the bed-
rooms at the end of the hallway in total
darkness. A smoke alarm was activated
and they then had to get up and navi-
gate out of the room, along one hallway,
open a door and then along a second
hallway until they encountered a stair-
way. The times were recorded from
when they first started evacuating until
they reached the stairway.
Prior to starting the test, all of the stu-
dents were taken through the simulated
apartment and shown the layout and the
route that they were taking. According
to Pantelis, this was done because it
was assumed that the students would
be familiar with their living environment
and would know the route to travel to
escape from a fire.
Once this orientation was completed,
the students were then taken down-
stairs where they were divided into two
teams of five. The first team was taken
to a staging area on the third floor
where a paramedic took baseline vitals
on each of the students. The team was
then taken up to the fourth floor where
one student was placed in the bedroom
with a safety officer while the other stu-
dents were staged in the adjacent bed-
room. The first evolution was done
without any smoke, but there was
essentially zero visibility because all of
the window shutters were closed. All
ten of the students were run through
and this established the baseline time
for each of them while they were sober.
The students were then taken down to
the second floor where they were given
controlled amounts of beer based on
their body weight to achieve a blood
alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03.
“The National Highway Transportation
Safety Administration has a chart that
shows how many ounces of alcohol a
subject can consume in relation to their
body weight to achieve target levels of
inebriation,” said Pantelis. It is corre-
lated to how much alcohol is consumed
over specific periods of time and the sex
of the subject and, according to
Pantelis, “That chart worked out better
than anticipated…it was on target 90%
of the time.”
After consuming their beer, the students
then went back up to the staging area
where a University of Maryland police
officer administered a breathalyzer test
and the students’ vitals were taken
again. The group was then taken to the
simulated apartment and the evolution
was repeated but with one difference –
the rooms and hallways were filled with
theatrical smoke to provide even more
of a realistic environment.
There were a total of five evolutions
where the students had increasing lev-
els of BAC starting with zero and mov-
ing upwards with 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12.
In between, measured amounts of
Budweiser beer were provided to the
students to raise their BAC to the target
levels. Budweiser was selected,
according to Pantelis, because it con-
tained 5% alcohol which is what the
NHTSA charts are based on.
Continued on next page

Continued from previous page
Throughout the evolutions, safety was a
paramount concern. Whenever a stu-
dent was moving around, either during
an evolution or in between, they were
escorted by a fire fighter or paramedic.
During each evolution a safety office
with a thermal imaging camera accom-
panied each student and monitored their
progress and ensured that they were
not going to be injured. Each student
was outfitted with a hardhat, gloves and
knee pads.
Prior to taking part there was an exten-
sive screening process for each of the
subjects. The subjects had to be
between the ages of 21 and 26, a med-
ical history was taken to ensure there
were no complicating factors and all of
the female subjects were given a preg-
nancy test. Each person was also
administered a standardized Cage ques-
tionnaire to ensure that there was no
history of alcoholism.
Since the research project included live
human subjects, it was required to go
through an Institutional Review Board
(IRB) to ensure that all of the proper
safety precautions were taken. This is a
routine, but comprehensive, process,
administered by the University on any
research project to ensure that there
would be no harm to the subjects and it
took four months to complete this
process. “They were very concerned
about safety,” said Pantelis, including
making sure the students were sober
before being allowed to leave at the end
of the project.
Findings
“Consistently, across the board, the
egress times increased with each evolu-
tion,” reported Pantelis. “Some partici-
pants doubled their times from the
baseline evolution to when their BAC
was 0.12 while others increased 125
percent.” The average baseline evolu-
tion when the students were sober was
between 25 and 35 seconds. By the
end of the testing, it ranged from 52
seconds to 1 minute and 25 seconds.
What was telling was the perception of
the students as they were going through
the evolutions. According to Pantelis, “A
common theme was that each of the
participants thought they were complet-
ing the course quicker each time.”
However, the data clearly showed that
they were actually going slower each
time which was contrary to their per-
ception – but expected.
How does this correlate with
egress times from a house?
Essentially, time is of the essence
whenever there is a fire in a house. In
the 1970’s, the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) did a
series of tests to determine the amount
of time that an occupant might have to
escape from a house. These tests were
recently updated and it was found that
fires are burning hotter and faster
because of the high usage of plastics
and combustibles in furnishings. This
reduces the amount of time that an
occupant has to react from 17 minutes
in the tests conducted in the 1970’s to
three minutes in today’s fires, a signifi-
cant and dramatic reduction in available
escape time.
“Some studies on the effectiveness of
smoke alarms show that it might take a
minute for people to wake, get their
bearings and react,” said Dr. Guylène
Proulx, senior researcher with the
National Research Council Canada and
an expert in human behavior in fires.
“Now we are left with a minute to do
the pre-evacuation activities and get
out. In a single-family house, the time
to get out might be only 10 seconds.”
In a 2006 NRC report co-authored by
Proulx, it was found that the required
safe egress time to escape from a sin-
gle-family home could range from 2
minutes to 16 minutes. According to
5 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008
the report, “During evacuation of multi-
unit residential buildings, it was found
that on hearing a fire alarm without any
other fire cue, residents generally
engage in approximately three minutes
of pre-movement activity before begin-
ning active evacuation. The evacuation
movement itself took one minute or
less. Two-and-a-half minutes of prepa-
ration time was added to this timeframe
for a drill conducted during winter con-
ditions.”
What has also been found by Proulx and
other researchers is that people often
need at least two cues to believe that it
is not a false alarm but a genuine emer-
gency. Even then, research has found
that males are more likely to try and
fight a fire rather than evacuate while
women will focus on warning other and
evacuating. This is attributed more to
individual’s conventional role in society
rather than gender and could easily
change for a single-parent household
where the woman may investigate and
fight a fire. The bottom line, however, is
that all of these activities can decrease
the amount of time available for an
occupant to safely exit from a building.
Other factors that can contribute to the
escape time is searching for a means of
egress. In a home, where people are
assumed to be familiar with their sur-
roundings, they may not necessarily use
the closest means of egress, such as a
window, but instead attempt to use a
familiar egress path, such as trying to
get to a door.
Alcohol and smoke alarm
response
Some of the most compelling research
was conducted by Dr. Dorothy Bruck
and Michelle Ball from Victoria
University in Melbourne, Australia.
In a study conducted by Bruck and Ball,
students were given controlled amounts
of alcohol to drink and then allowed to
Continued on next page
© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
6 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008
Continued from previous page
fall asleep in their own beds. Once they
were fully asleep, they were exposed to
gradually increasing levels of sound that
simulate smoke alarms and their
response was measured. Their
response while sober was measured to
determine a baseline response as well
as their response at 0.05 BAC and 0.08
BAC.
It was found that when students have
been drinking it takes a much louder
alarm sounding (95 dBA) to respond to
smoke alarms than when they are
sober. The normal smoke alarm is
required to sound at 75 decibels (dBA)
at the pillow.
What was troubling is the low level of
inebriation (0.05 BAC) that caused the
response capability to significantly dete-
riorate. In 36% of the trials the test
subject did not respond until the alarm
level was at 95 dBA or did not respond
at all when they were at 0.05 BAC. This
increased to 42% at the 0.08 BAC.
What is notable is that while the
response capability decreases as the
blood alcohol level increases, it is not as
significant as the increase from sobriety
to 0.05 BAC. In other words, it does not
take much alcohol to cause a significant
decrease in the ability to react to an
alarm. According to the study, “The
meaning of this is that even at what
many would consider to be low to mod-
erate levels, alcohol can seriously affect
a sleeping person’s ability to respond to
their smoke alarm. In fact, many partic-
ipants reported feeling only slightly
‘tipsy’ at bedtime in the 0.05 BAC con-
dition.”
Alcohol is a significant problem on
many campuses, and it has a direct
impact upon fire safety as well.
According to the study, “Under benign
circumstances, unimpaired adults aged
18 to 64 respond well to smoke alarm
signals, and are at a comparatively low
risk for death. However, alcohol inges-
tion greatly increases fire fatality risk
© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
across all age groups.” The report con-
tinues, “The increased mortality rate for
those who have been drinking is a very
important issue for young adults, who
are perhaps less experienced drinkers
than their older counterparts, and whose
lifestyle traditionally provides more
opportunities for partying, but who also
have more deep sleep.”
The report lists a number of ways that
alcohol impairment can impact upon a
person’s response (or non-response) to
a fire alarm, including:
• Failure to hear alarm
• Failure to correctly interpret alarm
• Inappropriate response, such as a
failure to avoid a dangerous pathway
• Poor motor functioning, e.g., poor bal-
ance and coordination
• Recovery rate from burns is signifi-
cantly worse for alcoholics, meaning
that they may suffer death from more
minor injuries than non-alcoholics.
Smoking and alcohol
In an effort to determine the linkage
between smoking and alcohol abuse, a
study was undertaken by Drs. Grucza
and Chen. In it, they found that there is
a definite connection between alcohol
abuse and smoking among adolescents
aged 12 to 20. According to their
research, “Both academic studies and
casual observation support the view that
smokers tend to drink, and drinkers
tend to smoke. New research using
nationally representative data from the
U.S. finds that smokers – particularly
adolescent smokers – clearly have a
greater vulnerability to alcohol-use dis-
orders (AUDs) than do non-smokers.”
They go on to point out three key find-
ings of their research:
• “Popular and clinical lore support the
strong connection between smoking
and alcohol consumption.
• Adolescent smokers appear to have a
greater vulnerability to developing
alcohol-use disorders.
• Results indicate that smoking
“primes” the brain for subsequent
addiction to alcohol and possibly
other drugs.”
The 2006 report by NRC also discussed
the correlation between drinking and
smoking by reporting, “It has been sug-
gested that smoking and drinking are
correlated behaviors – households with
drinkers tend to be households with
smokers.”
Drinking and fire safety
Anecdotally, fire chiefs in college com-
munities agree that alcohol consump-
tion among students is a significant
problem that needs to be addressed. In
a number of fatal fires looked at by
Campus Firewatch, impaired judgment
from alcohol consumption has been one
of the contributing factors to the deaths.
The NRC report states, “Alcohol con-
sumption greatly increases the risk of
initiating a fire by impairing the judg-
ment and coordination of the person.
Intoxication also acutely diminishes a
person’s ability to notice the smell of
smoke or to hear the sound of a smoke
alarm. Escape from a fire can be ham-
pered by the loss of motor coordination
and mental clarity caused by alcohol.”
Campus Firewatch worked closely with
USA TODAY in helping the newspaper
prepare a major story on the impact of
alcohol on campus-related fire deaths.
Research conducted by USA TODAY of
43 fires that killed 62 students found
that:
• In 59% of the fatal fires, at least one
student who died had been drinking
• In 28% of the fires the smoke detec-
tor was absent or had been discon-
nected
Continued on next page

Continued from previous page
• 66% of the victims were juniors or
seniors
• 65% of the victims were male
• 25% of the fatal fires occurred fol-
lowing a party
• In 21 of the cases where an autopsy
indicated the blood alcohol content,
the average was 0.12 with a high of
0.304
• Over half, 56%, of the fires occurred
on the two weekend days, Saturday
or Sunday, with 44% occurring during
the rest of the week
Training is critical
According to Proulx, the training that a
person receives in how to react during
an emergency is absolutely vital and
can play a role throughout their life.
“Studies in psychology show that peo-
ple that have thought about it (how to
react) beforehand and have a plan of
action, even years later, it will come
from your long term memory to short
term memory very quickly…if you have
a plan of action for something you are
going to sue this plan (during an emer-
gency) because it is something that has
worked in the past rather than creating
a new solution, especially when time is
limited.” Proulx goes on to explain that
people who survive fires and plane
crashes are typically those that have
thought through where the closest
means of egress is located and have
talked about it with their family or
roommates.
“What you learn in college may serve
you for the rest of your life,” Proulx
explained.
nnn
7 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008
Smoke alarm testing program at NIST Continued from page 1
“The method was that the alarms (activation times) were determined from a calibra-
tion, which is valid,” explained Cleary, “but we got to pick the alarm point versus the
actual alarming. They were reasonable alarm points but they weren’t necessarily the
ones you would find off-the-shelf.”
In the original testing as well there were some inconsistencies regarding what smoke
alarms were co-located at each testing site and how they were reported. This testing
program has tried to address that issue by trying to have a broader and more consis-
tent placement of photoelectric, ionization and dual sensor smoke alarms.
This testing program also used standardized fuel packages that were made up of two
types of fabric, cotton and polyester, over two different types of foam filler (high den-
sity and low density) all on a metal frame that simulated a chair fire. Two types of
fires, an open flaming fire and a smoldering fire, were used in the testing program.
The tests were conducted in a full-scale mockup of a residence built in the BFRL fire
research laboratory. The mockup simulated a one-story residence or apartment with
a kitchen, dining room, living room, hallway and a master bedroom. A total of 24 fires
were set and the data gathered included alarm times, gas production (carbon monox-
ide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide as well as oxygen levels), visibility, temperature
and heat flux.
One of the difficulties that fire professionals grapple with is that of defining tenability.
Currently, there is no broadly-accepted definition and Cleary is hoping that this testing
program will provide scientific data to help create that definition. This will be useful
in helping to determining optimal smoke alarm activation times so that they sound an
alarm well before conditions become untenable.
Another component of the testing program that Cleary will be undertaking in early
2009 is conducting nuisance alarm testing. This will include testing off-the-shelf
smoke alarms under real-world nuisance alarm conditions brought on by cooking.
Through this testing, Cleary is hoping that it will be possible to develop more perfor-
mance-based siting criteria instead of the present prescriptive criteria. In regards to
the photoelectric versus ionization debate that is currently going through the fire ser-
vice, Cleary said that this testing will provide more data to the people making deci-
sions.
The preliminary results of this testing should be available in approximately February
on the NIST website and they will be reported in Campus Firewatch.
nnn
Campus Firewatch Website
The value of this newsletter doesn't stop with just this copy.
Visit its companion website at www.campus-firewatch.com,
where you will find a wealth of information relating to campus fire safety.
If you have something that you would like to contribute,
please send it to us at
publisher@campus-firewatch.com
See you there!
© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
8 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008
Campus Firewatch Media Project
www.campus-firewatch.com
Trapped in the Flames
By Brittany Cagle
This is the November winner of the Campus Firewatch Media Project, co-sponsored by Campus Firewatch, the People’s Burn
Foundation and the Michael H. Minger Foundation. Brittany Cagle is a freshman at Florida Gulf Coast University.
The Station nightclub fire on the evening of Thursday, February 20,
2003, was the fourth-deadliest nightclub fire in U.S. history, killing
100 people and injuring more than 200. Ninety-six perished on the
night of the fire, and four died later from their injuries at local hospi-
tals. The Station, which regularly hosted glam metal and 1980s rock
bands, was a nightclub in West Warwick, Rhode Island – In the words
of Providence Place Journal
Expect nothing from life, because in an instant all things ordinary can
turn to chaos. Although we can never prepare for these moments, we
can survive them. My family and I did survive and are stronger from
the experience. Though I had not known it at the time, the evening of
February 20th, 2003 would flip my world and place my family a thou-
sand miles away from home. The event itself led to the loss of a hun-
dred lives in a time span of a few hours and it led to a new
perspective of life for thousands.
It is now that I visualize my father coming home from his week in
hell. I am looking at his hands and realizing they are the ones pulling
out the bodies. He is hearing the shrieking screams; witnessing the
bodies stacked on each other. His mind is reliving it all, I can tell in
his eyes; his stare. This is not my father.
Looking back, I can’t imagine how horrible it must have been for
those people; being trampled and suffocating in an effort of escape.
Their screams roaring through the building, their panic eating at them
from the inside. The fire nipping at their feet, filling their lungs; burn-
ing their eyes. The echo of a piercing shrill of a fire alarm shrieking
into their ears alerting them to the impending danger.
I try to visualize a moment of this tragedy. I allow myself to become a
victim stampeding in the blazing inferno, being crushed into one nar-
row hallway leading to escape; my destiny. As I make my way
towards an exit I see the injured, the burned, those who had let
smoke inhalation take over their lungs. Videos exist of this horrific
event, but these I can not watch because I can barely stand the real-
ity of my own creation.
I was thirteen at the time, and was unaware of what was happening
all around me. The smell of smoke lingered on my father’s clothes. I
remember standing in the kitchen beside him and taking it all in. His
eyes were red, and his face was a ghastly white. What I witnessed
was terrifying. This was not the man I knew as my father. His smile
was gone, his body trembled from lack of sleep and nutrition. I knew
even though his body was standing before me, his presence was not
there.
© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
I didn’t have a father in the months following. To just look at him was
heart-wrenching. The image of the four-hundred-and-sixty-two peo-
ple trapped in the flames made a permanent stamp on his mind. Each
time he closed his eyes he would visualize these faces, and experi-
ence the pain all over again. With each thought would be the victims
he could not rescue. In an instant he had watched these people burn
right before his eyes, unable to reach them in time.
Bewildered, without truly understanding, separated, and young, I had
trouble accepting how fast our lives had changed. My father’s friends
could not help or support the emotions that my father experienced,
because they did not want to accept what was real. It’s the police-
man’s way to make light of a tragedy in order to cope. Therefore they
would mock him, in a joking matter, when the idea of retirement
finally reached my father’s lips. He was giving it all way, his master’s
degree and Lieutenant’s rank in police work. He distanced himself
from his job- how could he face another episode of such violence?
The fire surrounded us everywhere- my neighbors too had been
involved in the fire. Their two bodies could only be identified by
recovered DNA sampling of teeth found on the floor of The Station.
Amidst all this chaos something truly remarkable occurred. The two
trees standing next to our neighbor’s house, turned completely black.
The whole presence of the house then became terrifying because
nothing could explain why the trees became burnt.
I’m not sure what sent us packing. It could have been the trees or our
realization that we just needed to start a new life. It could have been
my father’s need to escape, to become normal again. Whatever the
reason, we came to Florida. My father began to recover but there will
always be an open wound somewhere inside. Mention the word fire,
and his face returns to the same stare as the day I witnessed him
standing in the kitchen.
I will always be concerned about my dad, and I will worry about any-
thing that might trigger these harsh memories that play like a
slideshow in his head. I don’t want to have him relive this tragedy;
hearing those shrieking screams and piecing cries of help. I also
worry about the two children our neighbors left behind. Then there is
also the constant thought of the day an event may happen that sends
us packing once again. This is why now I define life as a succession
of moments that must be survived in order to succeed.
Continued on next page
 9 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008

October 28, 2008

Off-campus apartment
Western Michigan University
Kalamazoo County, Michigan

A massive fire destroyed more than 50 stu-

dent apartments. The cause of the fire was a
single cigarette. The Western Michigan
University has now housed these students in
one of its residence halls. The students are
being helped by the school authorities to get
back into the routine. The fire has affected
The following are brief summaries of incidents that have occurred the studies and professors are working hard
in college occupancies. Unless noted otherwise, they have been to restore the student's schedule.
taken from press accounts and have not been verified for accuracy.
Several of these incidents will be profiled in future issues of October 29, 2008
Campus Firewatch. Washburn University
Topeka, Kansas
If you have an incident that you would like to contribute for this
column, please contact us at publisher@campus-firewatch.com. Heavy smoke was seen coming from the top
floor of the Washburn University Living
October 19, 2008 Learning Center. Students were able to
October 20, 2008
quickly evacuate without anybody getting
Residence Hall Fire Residence hall hurt. The fire was intentionally set and
McMaster University University of Central Florida Police are looking for the suspect. Cash
Mcleans, Canada Orlando, Florida reward of up to $5,500 has been offered to
anyone with information regarding this inci-
There was fire in the university's Branon Hall There was explosion in one of the rooms in dent.
residence building. There were no injuries the UCF residence halls. A student who was
and the extent of damage is still not known. attempting to make Adderall, a prescription October 29, 2008
psychostimulant used to treat attention House fire
The cause of the fire is under investigation. deficit hyperactivity disorder when the Texas State Technical College
explosion happened. There was no fire from
October 19, 2008 the explosion and fortunately no one was
Baylor University, Texas
Off-campus arson injured. Everybody was aske to evacuate.
After a few hours students were allowed to A fire broke out at one of the houses on the
UNM campus campus of Texas State Technical College.
reenter. Investigation is underway.
New Mexcio (Subsequent news reports stated that this The fire was contained in time hence there
may have been a drug lab.) were no injuries. The school structure has
There were 3 fires overnight at the UNM weakened and this is the fourth fire in five
campus. Arson is suspected as the cause. days. The cause of these fires is still
October 22, 2008
unknown. Arson is suspected.
Firefighters struggled to get the fires under Residence Hall Fire
control. Students were asked to evacuate. University of Michigan October 30, 2008
Fortunately the homes were not occupied at Detroit, Michigan Off-campus house
the time of the fire.
Boone, North Carolina
Students were on fall break when a fire
There was a lot of damage to the two broke out at the University of Michigan's
homes. The old Kappa Sigma house was to A cigarette smoldering in a trash can started
Mary Markley Hall. The cause was a small
be demolished soon. a fire at one of the student houses. The Oak
fan that caught fire in an empty room. The
street home was in flames when the fire-
few students that were present quickly
fighters arrived. The students got themselves
evacuated the building. No injuries reported.
out just in time. No one was hurt. The stu-
dents were relocated to a nearby hotel. The

Continued on next page

© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
10 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008
Continued from previous page
Watauga County Fire Marshal and
Emergency Management Office is offering a
class on Fire safety this November.
October 31, 2008
Suicide
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
A man set himself ablaze in the University
campus. He was one of the former employ-
ees of the University. The reason why he did
such a tragic thing is still being investigated.
One of the students saw the man pouring
gas on himself but could not figure out what
exactly it was at that time. Bystanders did
try to stop him but it was too late. The man
died few hours later at the Harborview
Medical Center.
November 03, 2008
Residence Hall - sprinkler save
Greenville Technical College
Greenville, South Carolina
A stove inside one of the dorm rooms caught
fire setting off the sprinkler system. Students
of the Greenville Technical College had to
evacuate the building. There was extensive
fire and water damage. No one was hurt.
November 03, 2008
Residence Hall
University of California
Santa Barbara, California
A microwave burst into flames following an
electrical malfunction in the first-floor
kitchen of the Santa Cruz Dorm. The fire was
quickly extinguished. There were no injuries
reported. Residents were asked to evacuate
the building and were later allowed to reen-
ter.
November 03, 2008
Off-campus house
Ohio University
Athens, Ohio
It was a traumatic situation for two Ohio
University students when they lost their
house to fire. The fire was extinguished
© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
quickly but it did cause extensive damage.
The students have been temporarily relo-
cated some place on South Green. No
injuries reported.
November 04, 2008
Residence hall
Weber State University
Ogden, Salt Lake City, Utah
A man set a fire inside one of the school's
dormitories. Fortunately no one was injured.
There was some damage done to the car-
pets and a sofa. The accused has been
booked into the Weber County Jail.
November 06, 2008
Residence hall
Indiana State University
Terre Haute, Indiana
Students at the ISU had to be temporarily
relocated due to a fire in the dorm. There
was a lot of water damage. The cause of the
fire is believed to be accidental. This was
the second fire this year.
November 06, 2008
Administrative building
Vermont Technical College
Randolph Center, Vermont
A fire destroyed a building on the Vermont
Technical College campus in Randolph.
Firefighters struggled to keep the fire from
spreading. The cause of the fire is still not
known.
November 08, 2008
Historical building
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
A 19th-century building at the University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill caught fire.
Thankfully the automatic sprinklers con-
tained the fire from spreading. The fire
caused an estimated $50,000 worth of dam-
age to Gerrard Hall. The cause is still under
investigation.
November 11, 2008
Clemson University
Clemson, South Carolina
A fire started in a utility tunnel outside
Littlejohn Coliseum. Firefighters were able to
contain the fire. Fortunately no one was
injured as there was nobody present in the
building at the time of fire. The cause is
being investigated.
November 11, 2008
Off-campus apartment
Radford University
Roanoke, Virginia
A fire broke out at the Radford University
Monday evening. The cause was a burning
candle. University students were relocated to
an alternated housing. The incident is still
under investigation. The apartments suffered
extensive damage.
November 14, 2008
Residence hall
University of Wisconsin -
Green Bay Campus
Green Bay, Wisconsin
There was a fire in the utility room of the
R.E. Small Hall on the UW-Green Bay cam-
pus. The cause was an overheated pump.
The fire was extinguished and the students
were relocated. No injuries reported.
November 14, 2008
Wildfire
Westmont College, California
A massive fire destroyed some buildings at
the Christian liberal arts college. Fortunately
no one was injured. Everybody had to be
evacuated and classes were canceled. The
fire destroyed several homes in the neigh-
borhood. The flames are still visible but are
under control.

HR 592 Campus Fire Safety Right-to-Know Act
Sponsors
Congressman Bill Pascrell (D-NJ)
2464 Rayburn House Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20515
(202) 225-5751 (tel)
(202) 225-5782 (fax)
www.pascrell.house.gov
Congressman Joe Wilson (R-SC)
212 Cannon House Office Building
Washington, DC 20515
(202) 225-2452 (tel)
(202) 225-2455 (fax)
www.joewilson.house.gov
64 cosponsors
S 354 Campus Fire Safety Right-to-Know Act
Sponsors
Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ)
324 Hart Senate Office Building
Washington DC 2051
(202) 224-3224 (tel)
(202) 228-4054 (fax)
www.lautenberg.senate.gov
4 cosponsors
Status
August 14, 2008 This legislation was
signed into law as part of the Higher
Education Act.
Status
August 14, 2008 This legislation was
signed into law as part of the Higher
Education Act.
11 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008
Summary
The Campus Fire Safety Right-to-Know
Act calls upon colleges, universities, fra-
ternities and sororities to make fire
safety information about their buildings
publicly available and report it to the
U.S. Department of Education on an
annual basis.
Summary
The Campus Fire Safety Right-to-Know
Act calls upon colleges, universities, fra-
ternities and sororities to make fire
safety information about their buildings
publicly available and report it to the
U.S. Department of Education on an
annual basis.
Continued on next page
© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
12 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008

Continued from previous page

H. Res. 95 Campus Fire Safety Month

Sponsors Status Summary
Congresswoman Stephanie Tubbs This bill recognizes September as This bill will recognize September as
Jones (D-OH-11) Campus Fire Safety Month. This Campus Fire Safety Month. In 2006, for
1009 Longworth House Office Building resolution is also in force for 2008. the first time, the U.S. House of
Washington, D.C. 20515-3511 Representatives passed this resolution.
(202) 225-7032 (tel) In addition, 31 governors across the
(202) 225-1339 (fax) country issued proclamations also rec-
www.house.gov/tubbsjones/ ognizing September as Campus Fire
Congressman Edward Whitfield Safety Month.
(R-KY-1)
411 Rayburn House Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20515-1701
(202) 225-3115 (tel)
(202) 225-3547 (fax)
www.house.gov/whitfield
29 cosponsors

S. Res. 105 Campus Fire Safety Month

Sponsors
Senator Joe Biden (D-DE)
201 Russell Senate Office Building
Washington, DC 20510
(202) 224-5042
http://biden.senate.gov/
4 cosponsors
Status
This bill recognizes September as
Campus Fire Safety Month. This
resolution is also in force for 2008.
Summary
This bill will recognize September as
Campus Fire Safety Month. In 2006, for
the first time, the U.S. House of
Representatives passed this resolution.
In addition, 31 governors across the
country issued proclamations also rec-
ognizing September as Campus Fire
Safety Month

S 582 Fire Sprinkler Incentive Act

Sponsors Status Summary
Senator Gordon Smith (R-OR) Introduced in the U.S. Senate and To amend the Internal Revenue Code of
404 Russell Senate Office Building referred to the Committee on Finance on 1986 to classify automatic fire sprinkler
Washington, D.C. 20510-3704 February 14, 2007 systems as 5-year property for purposes
(202) 224-3753 (tel) of depreciation.
(202) 228-3997 (fax)
www.gsmith.senate.gov
Senator John Rockefeller
531 Hart Senate Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20510-4802
(202) 224-6472 (tel)
(202) 224-7665 (fax)
www.rockefeller.senate.gov
27 cosponsors Continued on next page
© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM

Continued from previous page
Fire Sprinkler Incentive Act
Sponsors
Representative James Langevin
109 Cannon House Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20515-3902
Phone: (202) 225-2735
Fax: (202) 225-5976
147 co-sponsors
HR 642 Stephanie Tubbs Jones College Fire Prevention Act
Sponsors
Congresswoman Stephanie Tubbs
Jones (D-OH-11)
1009 Longworth House Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20515-3511
(202) 225-7032 (tel)
(202) 225-1339 (fax)
www.house.gov/tubbsjones
CongressmanEdward Whitfield (R-KY-1)
411 Rayburn House Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20515-1701
(202) 225-3115 (tel)
(202) 225-3547 (fax)
www.house.gov/whitfield
64 cosponsors
S 3574 Stephanie Tubbs Jones College Fire Prevention Act
Sponsors
Senator Sherrod Brown
455 Russell Senate Office Bldg.
Washington, DC 20510
(202) 224-2315
Status
3/28/2007 Referred to House Committee
on Ways and Means.
Status
September 29, 2008 This bill passed
the U.S. House of Representatives and
was sent to the U.S. Senate for action
where it was referred to the Higher
Education, Labor and Pensions
Committee for consideration.
Status
9/25/2008 Referred to Senate commit-
tee. Status: Read twice and referred to
the Committee on Health, Education,
Labor, and Pensions.
13 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008
Summary
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of
1986 to classify automatic fire sprinkler
systems as 5-year property for purposes
of depreciation.
Summary
This bill will provide matching grants for
the installation of fire suppression and
detection systems in residence halls,
fraternities and sororities. In the version
passed by the House, there is no refer-
ence to a specific dollar amount.
Summary
This bill will provide matching grants for
the installation of fire suppression and
detection systems in residence halls,
fraternities and sororities. In the version
passed by the House, there is no refer-
ence to a specific dollar amount.
Continued on next page
© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
14 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008

Continued from previous page

HR 643 Collegiate Housing and Infrastructure Act of 2007

Sponsors Status Summary
Congresswoman Stephanie Tubbs Introduced in the House and referred to This bill will allow contributions made to
Jones (D-OH-11) the House Committee on Ways and Greek organizations that are going to be
1009 Longworth House Office Building Means on January 23, 2007 used for physical plant improvements to
Washington, D.C. 20515-3511 be tax-deductible.
(202) 225-7032 (tel)
(202) 225-1339 (fax)
www.house.gov/tubbsjones/
Congressman Paul Ryan (R-WI-1)
1113 Longworth House Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20515-4901
(202) 225-3031 (tel)
(202) 225-3393 (fax)
www.house.gov/ryan
209 cosponsors

S 638 Collegiate Housing and Infrastructure Act of 2007

Sponsors
Senator Pat Roberts (R-KS)
109 Hart Senate Office Building
Washington, DC 20510-1605
Phone: (202) 224-4774
Fax: (202) 224-3514
39 cosponsors
Status
February 15, 2007 Introduced in the
Senate and referred to the Committee on
Finance.
Summary
This bill will allow contributions made to
Greek organizations that are going to be
used for physical plant improvements to
be tax-deductible.

© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM

 15 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008

Where’s the Fire?

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© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM

16 CAMPUS Firewatch November 2008
Guide to resources available at www.campus-firewatch.com
Campus Firewatch continues to build its library of resources that are freely available on its website on its RESOURCES.
If you have a suggestion or a contribution you would like to make, please drop a note to ecomeau@campus-firewatch.com.
Current Fire Information
There are two key documents that are avail-
able for download on this page – the regu-
larly updated Information Sheet and the
Campus Firelog Compilation.
The Information Sheet is a brief, two-page
summary of current annual fire deaths that
have occurred across the country along with
a short status report on legislation. The idea
behind this is that it will provide people with
the most frequently asked for information.
The Campus Firelog is a listing of all of the
fatal student-related fires identified by
Campus Firewatch since January 2000. As of
this date, there have been 125 fire deaths
compiled.
A map is also posted showing the location of
these fire deaths with a vast majority of them
occurring in the eastern half of the country.
Education Resources
Student views and attitudes towards burn
and fire safety - This is a landmark study
that was done in partnership between
Campus Firewatch and the People’s Burn
Foundation. It provided a glimpse into the
student psyche when it came to their percep-
tion of fire safety and it also provided invalu-
able information about how they get their
information in today’s electronic age. This
report is extremely useful when developing
fire safety programs that will effectively reach
a targeted demographic – today’s students.
Live burn mockup plans - More schools
across the country are using the idea of
building and burning mockups of student
rooms in the middle of campus to demon-
strate the speed with which a fire can grow
and spread as well as the effectiveness of
sprinklers in controlling a fire. The plans for
building these mockups, along with tips for
conducting a burn, are available online.
Videos of mockup burns - A picture is worth
a thousand words, and with the introduction
of youtube it is now possible to showcase the
effectiveness of these burns through these
videos that are available online.
Wikipedia - For those that aren’t familiar with
it, Wikipedia is a online, collaborative encyclo-
© 2008 Campus FirewatchTM
pedia. It has resulted in a number of other
projects, one of which is Wikibooks, which is
the same concept but for textbooks. Campus
Firewatch has started writing a book on cam-
pus fire safety, and here is your opportunity to
contribute to it!
Legislation
Legislative Matrix - One of the areas that
Campus Firewatch has been working aggres-
sively in over the years is legislation at both
the Federal and state levels. In the U.S House
and Senate there have been five bills under
consideration in this session of Congress.
Campus Firewatch maintains a Legislative
Matrix that lists all of the 535 Members of
Congress and their positions on the bills. This
matrix also includes a “contact me” link that
you can click on to send your Representative
or Senator an email asking for their support.
Campus Fire Safety Month - Along with the
Federal listing, there is a listing of the states
and governors that issued proclamations des-
ignating September as Campus Fire Safety
Month. This listing also included a “contact
me” link for the governor’s offices.
Maps of campus fire safety activity
across the nation
This page contains two maps, one of the fatal
student-related fires identified by Campus
Firewatch, and another of student fire safety
education and training activities being under-
taken by schools across the country. If you
have something you would like listed on this
map, please send an email to
ecomeau@campus-firewatch.com.
Podcasts
Podcast Matrix - Ed Comeau, the publisher
of Campus Firewatch, hosts two podcasts on
Radio@firehouse.com called Campus
Firewatch Radio and Fire Marshal’s Corner.
Over 30 interviews on a wide range of topics
have been listened to or downloaded by over
16,000 listeners. You can review the list of
interview and click on any one to listen to the
full show.
PowerPoint presentations
Ed Comeau does a number of presentations
on campus firewatch and the attendees fre-
quently ask for copies of the presentation or
for the information in it. The presentation is
posted online and will be updated periodically
based on events and activities in the world of
campus fire safety.
Student housing fire safety ordinances
More communities across the country are
starting to adopt ordinances that specifically
address student housing fire safety in areas
such as smoke detection, sprinklers and
egress. This page was created to showcase
existing ordinances and provide a template
for other communities to use in developing
new ones. The reader can download copies
of the ordinances, which are also graphically
shown on a map.
Video and animations
Flash animations - These are two animations
relating to the impact of fire on the environ-
ment that can be downloaded and placed on
your website. This taps into the student’s
heightened sense of awareness of “green”
issues.
Campus fire safety videos - There are sev-
eral videos that have be downloaded from
Campus Firewatch, including Domenic’s
Story, The Dana Christmas Story and
Graduation: Fatally Denied.
Behind closed-dorm room doors - There is
fire-setting behavior that is occurring in resi-
dence halls that is being showcased by the
students on youtube. Campus Firewatch has
created a compilation of these videos which
provide an unparalleled look into what is
really happening.
Videos of student room mockup burns -
More schools across the country are using
the mockup burns as effective learning tools.
See the videos that have been uploaded onto
youtube.
Student related fire incidents - Shortly after
many fires occur, video is posted on youtube
of the incident. This is an ongoing compila-
tion of these video clips compiled by Campus
Firewach.
nnn