Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Table of Contents
1.Society
/ Culture
5.Music 6.Food
Society
1910-1945
Cultural Repression
late
Japanese governor general ordered that all instruction in Korean schools be in Japanese
students
Koreans to adopt Japanese names - reported that 84 percent of all Korean families had done so.
Korean-language
in the divinity of the Japanese emperor was encouraged, and Shinto shrines
. . , .
Chosun
Chosun Ilbo company was
founded on March 5, 1920. It was critical of the actions of pro-Japanese government
1920 . 1 ( ) 8
of Joseon
The
Japanese rule of Korea resulted in the relocation of many cultural artifacts to Japan. At least 100,000 Korean artifacts were looted and stolen during Japanese rule
In
2002, the controversy was reignited when two Koreans stole two Korean artifacts from a west Japanese temple. 75,311 cultural artifacts taken from Korea. Japan has 34,369 and the United States has 17,803. Korea frequently demanded the return of these artifacts, but the United States and Japan never complied.
On
1 , 3 1 . , . .
Economy
Modernization Efforts
Seoul became the first city in East Asia to have electricity, trolley cars, water, telephone, and telegraph systems all at the same time.
It
remained a largely backward agricultural economy at the turn-wide program of econ of the century.
Japan
19 . , , , , , . .
to increase agricultural production in Korea to meet Japan's growing demand for rice. Japan built large-scale industries in Korea in the 1930s as part of the empireomic selfsufficiency and war preparation.
Thus
of traditional Korea principally cloth, cooking and eating utensils, furniture, jewelry, and paper-ware produced
Exploitation
Korean
resources were only utilized for Japan. Most Koreans at the time could access only a primary school few entrepreneurial classes.
94
percent of factories was Japanese-owned and 92 percent of large-scale enterprises with more than 200 employees were Japaneseowned (all industries were owned either by Japan-based corporations). Korean entrepreneurs were charged interest rates 25 percent higher than the Japanese
As
greater quantities of Korean rice were exported to Japan, per capita consumption of rice among the Koreans declined; between 1932 and 1936, per capita consumption of rice declined to half the level consumed between 1912 and 1916. More and more farmland was taken over by the Japanese - Korean farmers became sharecroppers
Japanese
, . 94% . , .
developed port facilities and railway system which included a main railway from the southern port city of Pusan through the capital
Governor-General Terauchi Masatake facilitated settlement through land reform, which proved extremely unpopular with most of the Korean population.
Terauchi Masatake (LEFT), the first Japanese GovernorGeneral of Korea, reestablished the preexisting Korean land-ownership system.
Terauchi's new Land Survey Bureau conducted cadastral surveys that reestablished ownership by basis of written proof (deeds, titles, and similar documents). Ownership was denied to those who could not provide such written documentation. Although the plan succeeded in modernizing the land ownership and taxation structures, it added tremendously to the bitterness
1912 , , , .
It is estimated that by 1910 perhaps 7 to 8 percent of all arable land was under Japanese control. This ratio increased steadily.
Lee Yong Hoon, a controversial professor at Seoul National University and a leading critic of the "New Right" Foundation ( ),states that less than 10% of arable land actually came under Japanese control and rice was normally traded, not robbed.
Politics
In the late nineteenth century, Korea was caught in the conflict among China, Russia, and Japan as each sought to make a colony. Koreans, however, resisted all attempts to limit their independence. Through assassination of members of the Korean royal family, the Japanese gained influence in Korea. In 1910, Japan officially took control of Korea.
19 , , . . . 1910 .
During World War II, Japan employed Koreans in its military efforts. Koreans were drafted into the Japanese army or had to work under dangerous, slave-like conditions. The Japanese military kidnapped thousands of Korean girls and women and forced them to serve as comfort women who were raped by Japanese soldiers. Following the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945, ending 35 years of Japanese occupation. However on September 8, 1945, when the Soviets and some Korean Communists stationed in the northern part of the peninsula,
2 . , . . 1945 8 15 , 35 . 1945 9 8 , 38 .
. .
Patriotism
Righteous Army (ABOVE) waged armed
, . 1907 5 , 304 , 1908 7 . 1907 1910 16,700 , 36,770 130 , 270 1,250 , 120 68,800
Preserve Learning
, . ' , . , . ,
Sin Chae-ho (ABOVE MIDDLE) taught Koreas ancient history Pak Un-Sik (ABOVE LEFT) wrote a book about the modern
history of Korea to tell the world about the atrocities under Japanese rule and woeful indpenedce movement of our people.
2 Pak Un-Sik was presidnet of Provisional Government of the . Republic of Korea and Sin Chaeho was a martyr who was
Mass Media
Leaders of englightenment movement published
newspapers and magazines to inspire patriotism and bring modern thought to the nation.
Published papers during this period such as TongaIlbo and Chosun-Ilbo implanted a modern consciousnes is in the people
People also sang songs of independence Yi kwang su and Yun Tongchu displayed the joys and
Food
of the agricultural systems were taken over by the Japanese to support Japan's food supply.
Meals
during the Japanese occupation were monotonous. Koreans usually ate two meals a day during the cold seasons, and three during the warm seasons.
Satiety, lower
rather than quality, was most important. economic levels were likely to enjoy only a single bowl of white rice each year.
Western
Fashion
Fashion
modern
women refer to a rare breed of fashion-conscious women in the 192030s that went to school or received higher education and ladies of royal and nobility classes.
During
the height of the Japanese colonial rule (19101945), fashion underwent a rapid transition due to Western influences. The handbag, for example, was first introduced to Korean women at this time. As the handbags became more common, the womens clothing began to change as well. Educated women at this time began to wear a variation of hanbok with a shorter skirt.
Music
Music
In
the mid-1920s, Masao Gouga, a Korean-Japanese composer, mixed traditional Korean music with Gospel music that American Evangelists brought with and have taught since the 1870s. This type of music became known as Enka in Japan, and later in Korea as Trot
In
1932, a controversial plagarism was caught and condemned by an article in the Japanese magazine "New Young Adult", Gouga's "Sakewa Namitaka Tameikika" was blamed for copying off the work of Korean composer Su-Lin Jeon, which his version was named "The Calm Jang-Ahn". This event triggered a wave of Korean musicians to flourish with talented composers such as Nan-Pa Hong, Gyo-Sung Kim, Yong-Hwan Kim, Joon-Young Kim, Ho-Wol Moon, Mok-In Son, Shi-Choon Park , and Jae Ho Lee becoming the very foundation of Trot music in its early stage.
Trot has been transformed over the years using a variety of instruments and mixing different styles of music to become the dominant genre in the Korean music scene until the late 80's. To this day, Trot music still remains as a popular genre for many; mostly with its very sad melody and hearttouching lyrics. As Korea was liberated from Japanese annexation in 1945, Western culture was introduced to a small crowd with the few Western style bars and clubs playing Western Music. After the Korean War, which started on June 25, 1950 and lasted for 3 years, the country was separated into two nations; North Korea and South Korea. U.S. troops remained in South Korea for