A SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH TRANLATION SURAH AL MASAD (PALM

FIBER)

A PAPER
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Assignment for Lecture Syntax
Lecturer: Jiah Fauziyah, M. Hum.


By:
LAIYINATUS SYIFA Z.N 09150059
LISDA FARIKHATUNNISAK 09150062



ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND CULTURAL STUDIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN KALIJAGA
YOGYAKARTA
2011

1

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The writerss aim to analyze surah Al Masad syntactically in this paper. Al- Masad (Palm
Fiber) is the 111
th
surah in the Quran. It lies in chapter 30. It consists of 5 verses. It is a Makiyah
surah since it is sent down in Makkah. The name of this surah is taken from a word al-Lahab
which is in the third verse of this surah meaning blazing flames because of the red face of Abu
Lahab; one of the uncles of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Abu Lahab and his wifes
fate are threatened of hell torture. They hurt Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) with slandering while
Prophet Muhammad was preaching to Muslims. That was really awful. So, thats way Allah
punishes them. It may be interpreted that the message of this surah is to warn that people who
hurt prophet and muminin will get grievous torture. A cruelty of hell has to be already made
somebody afraid of making sin and disobedience to Allah.
The surah is written in Arabic letter and its English translations below,
;e*l> .-E4C O). UE_ OU>4 ^
Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab (an uncle of the prophet) and perish he.
.4` _/E_^N +Ou44N N.4` 4`4
=U=O ^g
His wealth and his children will not benefit him.
_O>4OEc -4O4^ =-O UEO ^@
He will be burnt in a fire of blazing flames!
+O>4O^`-4 .OEO UCE^-
^j
And his wife, too, who carries wood (thorns of Sadan which she used to put on the way of the
prophet, or use to slander him).
2

O) E-gO_ lEO }g)` O=OE` ^)
In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad (palm fiber).
The surah has five sentences. Then, the writers combines them to determine how many
sentences appear on this surah are. The result is it consists of four sentences. The first sentence is
the first verse, the second sentence is the second verse, the third sentences are the third and
fourth verse, and the fourth sentence is the fifth verse.
Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab (an uncle of the prophet) and perish he. His wealth and his
children will not benefit him. He will be burn in a fire of blazing flames! and his wife, too, who
carries wood (thorns of Sadan which she used to put on the way of the prophet, or use to
slander him). In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad (palm fiber).

These verses are interesting syntactically in its sentence structure. It consists of five
verses but finally becomes four sentences. The realization some connector may influence its
structure. Next case is the realization of an ellipsis in the predicate with the different subject. The
writers also find an affirmative sentence ended with exclamation mark. Whereas, an exclamation
marks usually is a sign of the end of sentence. How does it affect the meaning itself? Or probably
it does not?
This research will use English Sentence Analysis since the surah is translated in English.
The writers will know the syntactic structure of this surah.


CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 First

Sentence
3

;e*l> .-E4C O). UE_ OU>4 ^
Perish the two hands of Abu Lahab and perish he.
2.1.1 Sentence Constituents
Perish / the two hands of Abu Lahab (and) perish/ he.
P S conj. P S
2.1.2 Type of The Sentence
The sentence above is compound sentence because it consists of two main clauses.
2.1.3 The Type and Form of The Verbs
Perish
a) lexical verb, monotransitive
b) present finite

2.1.4 Word Classes
Perish
[lexical verb, monotransitive, present finite]
the
[article]
two
[numeral, cardinal]
hands
[common, concrete, count
noun]
of
[preposition]
Abu Lahab
[proper noun]
and
[coordinate conjunction, connector]
perish
[lexical verb,
monotransitive, present finite]
he
[personal pronoun]
.

2.1.5 Sentence Analysis
1 P:NP S:NP Connecto
r
P:NP S:NP
2 Lex.
Verb,
monotra
ns,
present
finite
Det:a
rt
Premod:a
dj
H:N Postmod:PP Coordinat
e
conjuncti
on
Lex
verb,
monotra
ns,
present
finite
Person
al
pronou
n
3 articl
e
Numeral,
cardinal
Commo
n,
concrete
, count
noun
H:Pre
p
Compl:
NP
Prep Proper
noun
4


2.2 Second Sentence
.4` _/E_^N +Ou44N N.4` 4`4
=U=O ^g
His wealth and his children will not benefit him.

2.2.1 Sentence Constituents
His wealth and his children/ will not benefit/ him.
S P DO
2.2.2 Type of the Sentence
The sentence above is simple sentence because it just consists of one main clause.
2.2.3 The Type and Form of The Verbs
will
a) Auxiliary verb
b) present finite

2.2.4 Word Classes
His
[possessive pronoun]
wealth
[abstract, uncount noun]
and
[coordinator]
his
[possessive pronoun]
children
[common,
count noun]
will not
[auxiliary verb, present finite]
benefit
[lexical verb, monotransitive, plain infinitive]
him
[possessive
pronoun]
.

2.2.5 Sentence Analysis
perish The two hands Of Abu
Lahab
and Perish He
1 S:NP P: VP

DO:NP
2 Determine H:NP coordinato Determine H:NP Aux:au H:Lex. Possessiv
5



2.3 Third Sentence
_O>4OEc -4O4^ =-O UEO ^@
+O>4O^`-4 .OEO UCE^-
^j
He will be burnt in a fire of blazing flames! and his wife too, who carries wood.
2.3.1 Sentence Constituent
He/ will be burnt/ in a fire of blazing flames! / and/ his wife/ too,/ who carries wood
S P A S A S
2.3.2 Type of the Sentence
This sentence is compound complex sentence; because it consists of two complete main
clauses connected by a coordinate conjunction and one of which contains a dependent clause.
The first sentence is simple, which does not contain any dependent clause. The second sentence
is complex since it has dependent clause that modifies the subject. From the second sentence
above, it shown that the predicator is ellipted because it is the same as predicator from the first
subject in the first sentence and it has already been understood clearly to make save time.
2.3.3 The Type and Form of the Verb
r r r x verb verb e
pronoun 3 Possessiv
e pronoun
Abstract
,
uncount
noun
Possessiv
e pronoun
Commo
n, count
noun
Aux
verb,
present
finite
Lexical
verb,
monotran
s, plain
infinitive
his wealth and his children Will
not
benefit him
6

Will : auxiliary verb of mood, present finite
Be : auxiliary verb of passive, non finite plain infinitive
Burnt : lexical verb of transitive type, past participle
Carries : lexical verb of monotransitive type, present finite

2.3.4 Word Classes
He
(independent personal pronoun)
will
(auxiliary verb)
be
(auxiliary verb)
burn
(lexical verb)
in
(prep)
a
(article)
fire
(common
concrete uncount noun)
of
(prep)
blazing
(adj)
flames
(common concrete count noun)
! And
(coord. Conj. Connector)

his
(possessive pronoun)
wife
(common concrete count noun)
too
(adv)
, who
(independent relative pronoun)
carries
(lexical verb)

wood
(common concrete uncount noun).

2.3.5 Sentence Analysis
Here are the analyses of each level,
Level 1




There are two noun phrases functioning at sentence level, the first one as the subject of the
first clause, and the second one as subject of the second sentence. There is also
prepositional phrase functioning as Adverbial. Looking at the predicator, the writers can see
that it become the predicator of the first and second clause. At level 2, the verb phrase
functioning as predicator can be analyzed further.

Level 2
P: VP




Aux:Aux of mood Aux:Aux of Passive Head:Lex Verb
will
be burnt

S: NP P: VP A: PP connector 1
st
part of S:NP A:Adv V. 2
nd
part of S: NP
He Will be burnt In a fire of blazing flames and His wife too Who carries wood
7

This verb phrase functions as predicator. At the third level, prepositional phrase functions as
Adverbial.

Level 3
A: PP





This prepositional phrase contains the head which are the preposition and its complement
realized by a noun phrase. The noun phrase that functions as complement of a preposition is
post-modified again with prepositional phrase at level 4.

Level 4
Complement: NP




Here is the noun phrase of the complement of prepositional phrase followed by determiner
and post-modifier. The post-modifying noun phrase containing prepositional phrase will be
explain at level 5.

Level 5
Post-mod of NP: PP






Head: Prep complement: NP
in A fire of blazing flames

Det: article H: N post-mod: PP
a fire of blazing flames

H: Prep comp: NP
of Blazing flames
8

From this, it shows the preposition and its complement which is realized in a noun phrase.
The noun phrase functioning as complement of prepositional phrase is at level 6.

Level 6
Comp: NP




It shows a noun phrase function as complement of prepositional phrase pre-modified with
adjective phrase. The noun phrase functioning as subject of the second clause is at level 7.

Level 7
1
st
part of S: NP




It is noun phrase functioning as the first subject that followed by determiner before the
head. At level 7, the noun phrase functions as subject in the2
nd
part will be explain further.

Level 8
Post-mod: FC




It represents a noun phrase functioning as the second part of subject that realized in finite
clause. It consists of noun phrase functioning as subject realized in relative pronoun, verb
phrase functioning as predicate realized in a lexical verb and noun phrase functioning as
direct object realized in a noun.

Pre-mod: AdjP H: Noun
blazing flames

Det: possessive pron. H: Noun
his wife

S: NP P: VP DO: NP
NP: Rel.Pron VP: Lex. V H: Noun
who carries wood
9


2.3.6 Table of summary of the 3
rd
sentence

1
S:
NP
P:VP A:PP CONN
ECTO
R
1
st
part of
S:NP
A:A
dvP
2
nd
part of S:FC
2 H:
pers
onal
pro
nou
n
A
ux
:
au
x
of
m
oo
d
Au
x:
aux
of
pas
siv
e
He
ad:
lex
ica
l
ver
b
He
ad:
pr
ep
Comp: NP Det:
posse
ssive
pron
oun
H
:
N
H:
Adv
Post-mod: FC
3 De
t:
art
icl
e
H
:
N
Post-mod: PP S:
NP
P:
VP
D
O:
N
P
4 H:
pre
p
Comp:
NP
H:
rela
tive
pro
nou
n
H:
lex
ica
l
ver
b
H:
N
5 Pre
-
mo
d:
Adj
P
H:
N

H:
Ad

10

j
He wi
ll
be bur
n
In a fi
r
e
of bla
zin
g
fla
me
s
and his w
if
e
too who car
rie
s
w
oo
d

2.4 Fourth Sentence
O) E-gO_ lEO }g)` O=OE` ^)
In her neck is a twisted rope of Masad.
2.4.1 Sentence Constituent
In her neck /is /a twisted rope of Masad.
A P S
2.4.2 Type of the Sentence
This sentence is a simple sentence, because it consists of one main clause only.
2.4.3 The Type and Form of the Verb
Is = lexical verb of intransitive type, present finite
2.4.4 Word Classes
In
(prep)
her
(dependent possessive pronoun)
neck
(common concrete count noun)
is
(lexical verb)
a
(article)
twisted
(adj)

rope
(common concrete count noun)
of
(prep)
Masad
(proper concrete count noun).
2.4.5 Sentence Analysis
Level 1


From the sentence structure above, the writers find three phrases, prepositional phrase as
adverbial, verb phrase as predicator and noun phrase as subject. At level 2, prepositional phrase
functions as Adverbial.

A: PP P: VP S: NP
In her neck is A twisted rope of Masad
11


Level 2
A: PP


It shows the prepositional phrase that has complement realized in a noun phrase. Noun phrase
functioning as complement of preposition is post-modified again with noun phrase at level 3.

Level 3
Comp: NP
A: PP

This noun phrase functioning as complement from prepositional phrase consists of its head and
determiner before it. Noun phrase functions as subject will be explain in the level 4.

Level 4
S: NP



It is noun phrase functioning as subject that followed a determiner, pre-modifier and post-
modifier. Prepositional phrase functioning as post modifier of noun is in the level 5.

Prep comp: NP


in her neck

Det: possessive pron. H: N
her neck

Det: Article pre-mod: AdjP H: N post-mod: PP
a twisted rope Of Masad
12


Level 5
Post-mod: PP



From the prepositional phrase above, it represents the head and its complement realized in noun
phrase whose head is a noun.
1 A: PP P:VP S:NP
2 H:
prep
Comp: NP H:
Lexical
v
Det:
article
Premod:
adjP
H: N Postmod: PP
3 H: adj H:
prep
Comp:
NP
4 Det:
Possessive
pronoun
H: N Common
concrete
noun
H: N
in her neck is a twisted rope of Masad








H: Prep comp: NP
H: N
of
Masad

13










WORK CITED
Khan, Muhammmad Muhsin and Muhammad Taqi-ud-din al Hilali.
Tuasikal, Muhammad Abduh. Faedah surat Al Lahab, Celakalah Abu Lahab.
Rumaysho.com. 6 April 2010. Web. 4 January 2012.