Code No: N0523

R07
MOBILE COMPUTING

Set No.1

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011 (Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Electronics & Computer Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. a) Explain the applications of Mobile Communications. b) How is synchronization achieved in GSM? Who is responsible for synchronization and why is it so important? 2. a) How are guard spaces realized between users in CDMA? b) Define the problem of hidden and exposed terminals. What happens in the case of such terminals if aloha, slotted aloha, reservation Aloha, or MACA is used? 3. a) What are general problems of mobile IP regarding security and support of QoS? b) How can DHCP be used for mobility and support of Mobile IP? 4. a) Explain indirect TCP. b) Why is timeout freezing required in case of mobile nodes? What are the modifications made in data link and TCP layers to enforce time-out freezing? 5. a) What are the advantages of hoarding data at the mobile device? b) Explain query-processing architecture for processing a query using distributed databases. 6. a) Explain hybrid data-delivery mechanism. b) Explain other alternative methods of selective tuning and indexing techniques. 7. a) Why is routing in multi-hop ad-hoc networks complicated, what are the special challenges? b) How does dynamic source routing handle routing? What is the motivation behind dynamic source routing compared to other routing algorithms from fixed networks. 8. a) Explain the functions of link manager in Bluetooth. b) Describe J2ME features. 1 of 1

Code No: N0523

R07
MOBILE COMPUTING

Set No.2

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011 (Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Electronics & Computer Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

1.

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* a) What are the limitations of mobile and wireless devices? b) How is localization, location update, roaming etc., done in GSM and reflected in the databases? What are typical roaming scenarios?

2. a) Explain the term interference in the space, time, frequency and code domain. What are counter measures in SDMA, TDMA, FDMA and CDMA systems. b) Which of the MAC schemes can give hard guarantees related to bandwidth and access delay? 3. a) What could be quick solutions and why dont they work? b) List the entities of mobile IP and describe data transfer from a mobile node to a fixed node and vice-versa. Why and where is encapsulation needed? a) Explain snooping TCP. b) Describe slow start of congestion control. How can fast recovery take place in the congestion avoidance phase?

4.

5. a) Explain client-server computing with adaptation. b) Why does a mobile device take QoS issues into account while computing? List the object models for application adaptation for the QoS constraints. 6. a) Explain the reasons for communication asymmetry in mobile network. Give examples of asymmetric communication architecture for data dissemination. b) Explain index-based method of selective tuning and indexing techniques. 7. a) How does the symmetry of wireless links influence the routing algorithms proposed. b) What are the differences between AODV and the standard distance vector algorithm? Why are extensions needed? 8. a) Explain the MAC layer of Bluetooth. b) Describe the wireless application environment (WAE) logical model. 1 of 1

Code No: N0523

R07
MOBILE COMPUTING

Set No.3

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011 (Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Electronics & Computer Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

1.

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* a) Explain the architecture of mobile computing. b) What are the functions or authentication and encryption in GSM? How is system security maintained?

2. a) Who performs the MAC algorithm for SDMA? What could be possible roles of mobile stations, base stations and planning from the network provider? b) How are guard spaces realized between users in CDMA? 3. Explain how tunneling works in general and especially for mobile IP using IP-in-IP, minimal and generic routing encapsulation respectively. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these three methods. 4. a) Explain congestion control in traditional TCP. b) Describe transaction oriented TCP. How does the integration of connection establishment, data transfer, and close functions into one help in transmitting and receiving at the TCP nodes.

5. a) Explain about context-aware computing. b) Explain the situations in which a database can crash. How does a database recover using recovery manager? What is the role of logged entries in updating transactions? 6. a) Describe pull-based data-delivery mechanism? What are the advantages and disadvantages of pull-based data-delivery? b) Explain the following selective tuning and indexing techniques. (i) Flexible indexing method (ii) Distributed index based method 7. a) What are the benefits of location information for routing in ad-hoc networks, which problems arise? b) What are the security threats to a MANET? Why a MANET faces greater security threats than a fixed infrastructure network? 8. a) Explain wireless session protocol. b) Explain different user scenarios of Bluetooth. 1 of 1

Code No: N0523

R07
MOBILE COMPUTING

Set No.4

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011 (Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Electronics & Computer Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. a) What are the limitations of a GSM cell in terms of diameter and capacity (voice, data) for the traditional GSM, HSCSD, GPRS? How can the capacity be increased? b) What are the reasons for the delays in the GSM system for packet data traffic? Distinguish between circuit switched and packet-oriented transmission. 2. a) What is the reason for the failure of MAC schemes in wireless networks? What is done in wired networks to avoid this effect? b) Explain about FDMA. 3. a) What is IP packet delivery? Explain it. b) What is reverse tunneling? What additional routes do packets take if reverse tunneling is required? 4. a) Compare the different types of transmission errors that can occur in wireless and wired networks. What additional role does mobility play? b) Explain mobile TCP. How does a supervisory host send TCP packets to the mobile node and to a fixed TCP connection? Give the advantages and disadvantages of mobile TCP. 5. a) Explain about power-aware computing. b) Explain stateless and stateful cache invalidation mechanisms. 6. a) Describe push-based data-delivery mechanism. What are the advantages and disadvantages of push-based data dissemination? b) Explain the following selective tuning and indexing techniques. i) Directory method ii) Hash-based method 7. a) Describe the properties of MANETs. b) Explain the dynamic source routing algorithm in MANETs. 8. a) Explain the functions of radio and baseband sublayers in Bluetooth. b) Explain wireless transaction protocol. 1 of 1

Code No: M0421

R07
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)

Set No.1

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011

ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. a) Explain the terms Fidelity, Lag and Dynamic error as used for indicating instruments. b) A PMMC instrument with a full scale deflection of 100 A and an internal resistance of 2000 is available. It is to be converted into 0-5V, 0-10V, 0-25V, and 0-50V multi range voltmeter using individual multiplier resistors for each range. Calculate the values of the individual resistors. 2. a) Draw the diagram of a sine to square- wave conversion circuit using diode clipping and explain its operation. b) Draw a simple circuit for frequency modulating an RF signal generator and explain its operation. 3. What is a wave analyzer? Explain the working of i) Frequency selective ii) Heterodyne type wave analyzers. 4. a) Sketch the focusing section of a CRT and Show the equipotential lines and their effect on electron beam. b) Sketch the construction of a dual-beam oscilloscope and explain its operation. 5. a) Describe the procedure of frequency and time period measurement using Lissajou figures. b) Explain how the Time period is measured using a frequency counters. 6. a) Explain the sources of errors in a Wheatstone bridge. b) Draw the circuit diagram of a Schearing bridge and explain its operation and derive the equations for unknown variables.

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Code No: M0421

R07

Set No.1

7. a) Explain the principle of operation of a i) Thermocouple and ii) Sensistor. b) With a neat diagram explain the operation of a LVDT. 8. a) Explain briefly about various pressure sensing elements. b) What are the important factors that decide the configuration and sub system of a DAS?

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Code No: M0421

R07
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)

Set No.2

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011

ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. a) Explain the different types of errors that may occur in measurements. Describe their sources and precautions to minimize them. b) A PMMC instrument with a full scale deflection of 100 A and an internal resistance of 1000 is available. It is to be converted into a 0-5V, 0-10V, 0-25V, and 0-50V multi range voltmeter using series-connected resistors. Calculate the values of the multiplier resistors. 2. a) Explain the important specifications for sine/square wave generators and Function generators. b) Sketch the circuit and explain with waveforms an op-amp a stable multi vibrator for use as a square-wave generator. 3. a) State and explain total harmonic distortion? b) With a neat sketch explain the operation of a fundamental suppression harmonic distortion analyzer. 4. a) Discuss the screen of a CRT and the factors affecting the brightness of the display. b) Draw the block diagram of a basic oscilloscope and explain the functions of each block. 5. a) Describe briefly about various probes used in CROs. b) Explain how the frequency is measured using a frequency counter. 6. a) Explain the principle and working of a Q-meter. b) Draw the circuit diagram of Maxwells bridge explain its operation and derive the equations for unknown variables.

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Code No: M0421

R07

Set No.2

7. a) Define gauge factor of a strain gauge and derive the expression for it. b) Explain the working principle of a i) Thermistor and ii) RTD. 8. a) Explain the working principle of a capacitive pressure transducer. b) Explain how an LVDT can be used to measure the pressure

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Code No: M0421

R07

Set No.3

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011 ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION (Electronics & Communication Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. a) Explain the significance of the number of significant figures in a stated quantity with examples. b) Differentiate between a series type ohmmeter and a shunt type ohmmeter 2. With a block diagram explain the working of a function generator producing sine, square and triangle waveforms. 3. a) Explain the important applications of a spectrum analyzer. b) Explain the operation of a digital spectrum analyzer. 4. a) Explain blanking and unblanking in an oscilloscope, and discuss the need for blanking. b) Explain about various time delay lines used in vertical deflection section of a CRO. 5. a) Explain how the frequency ratio of two unknown signals is measured using a frequency counter b) With a block diagram explain the operation of a sampling oscilloscope. 6. a) Draw the circuit diagram of a Wien bridge, explain its working and derive the equation for frequency. b) Explain the sources of errors and their minimizing methods in a Q-meter. 7. a) Describe the operation of a piezo-electric transducer. b) Explain the principle of operation of a i) Thermocouple and ii) Sensistor. 8. a) Explain how an LVDT can be used to measure the displacement. b) Draw the block diagram of a standard DAS and explain function of each block.

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Code No: M0421

R07
(Electronics & Communication Engineering)

Set No.4

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011

ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. a) What are the effects of using a voltmeter of low sensitivity? Explain with an example. b) Explain the working principle of a true RMS meter. 2. a) Draw a basic block diagram and waveforms for a sweep frequency generator and explain it briefly. b) With a block diagram explain the operation of random noise generator. 3. a) Explain with the help of block diagram the operation of a Spectrum Analyzer. b) Explain the following terms associated with Spectrum Analyzer: i) Sensitivity ii) Dynamic Range iii) Harmonic Mixing 4. a) Describe the function of each of the following oscilloscope controls i) Focus ii) Astigmatism iii) Intensity iv) Sweep b) Draw the block diagram of a basic horizontal deflection section and explain each and every block. 5. a) With a block diagram explain the operation of a digital storage oscilloscope. b) Discuss the adjustment of oscilloscope probes, and show the various waveforms that can occur when adjusting a probe. 6. a) Draw the circuit diagram of Anderson Bridge explain it and derive the equations for unknown variables. b) What are the limitations of a Wheatstone bridge circuit? 7. a) With proper examples differentiate between active and passive transducers. b) Explain the construction and working of strain gauge. 8. a) Explain the working principle of a capacitive pressure transducer. b) What are the various configurations used in a DAS? 1 of 1

Code No. N0221

R07
Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks *****

Set No.1

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011

NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC (Common to Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80

1. a) Explain in detail about the spiking neuron model in detail. b) Describe in detail about the historical developments to neural networks. 2. a) Describe in detail about different learning strategies of artificial neural networks. b) Discuss in detail about ANN architectures in detail. 3. a) Discuss and explain about perceptron convergence theorem. b) Describe about the limitations and applications of perceptron models.

[8+8]

[8+8]

[8+8]

4. a) The choice of learning coefficient is a tricky task in back propagation algorithm. Support your answer. b) Describe in detail about generalized delta rule. [8+8] 5. a) Give and explain about BAM stability algorithm. b) Discuss about storage and recall algorithms in BAM training networks.

[8+8]

6. a) Why fuzzy set theory is effective to tackle the problem of uncertainty? Explain. b) Give and explain the properties of crisp sets. With a neat sketch of Venn diagrams, discuss about the operation of crisp sets. [8+8] 7. Let set of , , three fuzzy sets as shown in figure 1, 2, 3. Find the aggregated fuzzy and find the defuzzification using centroid method. [16]

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Code No. N0221

R07

Set No.1

Figure:1

Figure:2

Figure:3 8. a) Explain briefly about the process identification with reference to the feed forward and plant inverse identification. b) Explain different types of faults and its diagnosis using ANN. [8+8]

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Code No. N0221

R07
Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks *****

Set No.2

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011

NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC (Common to Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80

1. a) Explain in detail about Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model. b) Describe in detail about the potential applications of artificial neural networks. [8+8] 2. a) Explain what is supervised and unsupervised learning with example. b) Explain different neuron activation functions and also compare them.

[8+8]

3. a) Explain different perceptron models in detail. b) Explain in detail about training algorithm of continuous perceptron networks. [8+8] 4. a) Explain the selection of number of hidden nodes, sigmoid gain, local minima and learning coefficient in back propagation network. b) State and explain in detail about kolmogorov theorem. [8+8] 5. a) Discuss in detail about hebbian learning . b) Discuss about BAM energy function and give proof of BAM stability theorem. [8+8] 6. a) Let A={(x1,0.2),(x2,0.7),(x3,0.4)} and B={(y1,0.5),(y2,0.6)} be two fuzzy sets defined on the universe of discourse X={x1,x2,x3} and Y={y1,y2,y3} respectively. Find the Cartesian product of the A and B and fuzzy relation R. b) Write the mathematical expression of the membership function and sketch of the membership function. [8+8] 7. a) What is called De-fuzzification? Mention its types. b) Explain about development of rule base and decision making system.

[8+8]

8.

a) Design and develop a pressure process control by FLC model. Formulate necessary Membership functions and required fuzzy rules for the application. b) Describe about application of neural network in fault diagnosis. [8+8]

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Code No. N0221

R07
Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks *****

Set No.3

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011

NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC (Common to Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80

1. a) An IF neuron model is considered as a special case of spiking neuron model. Justify your answer. b) What are the three basic elements of a neuronal model? [8+8] 2. a) Explain in detail about activation and synaptic neural dynamics. b) Clearly discuss different architectures of artificial neural networks.

[8+8]

3. a) Discuss about training algorithms of discrete and continuous perceptron networks. b) Explain in detail about multi-category perceptron networks. [8+8] 4. a) Give and explain about the architecture and algorithm of back propagation network. b) Explain about credit assignment problem in detail. 5. a) Discuss about the following i) Hamming distance ii) Association rules iii) Associative matrix iv) Content addressable memories b) Explain in detail about memory based learning algorithms. 6. a) Let R,S be defined on the sets {1, 3, 5} {1,3,5}. Let R: {(x, y)/y = x + 2}, S: {(x, y)/x < y}/. Using max min composition find i) RoS ii) SoR. b) Discuss the measure of fuzziness and dissonance. 7. a) Write about Fuzzy synthesis evaluation and Fuzzy ordering. b) Explain MOM method for defuzzification with an example. 8. a) Explain the application of fuzzy logic used in temperature controller of oven. b) What are the limitations of specialized on-line learning control architecture? 1 of 1

[8+8]

[8+8]

[8+8]

[8+8]

[8+8]

Code No. N0221

R07
Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks *****

Set No.4

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011

NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC (Common to Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80

1. a) Give a brief account on biological and artificial neural networks. b) Describe in detail about the characteristics of artificial neural networks. 2. a) Explain Widrow-Hoff and delta learning rule in detail. b) Give in detail about classification taxonomy of artificial neural networks.

[8+8]

[8+8]

3. a) Illustrate the training and classification of continuous perception with an example. b) Describe in detail about the limitations of perceptron model. [8+8] 4. a) Explain in detail how to decide the number of hidden layer neurons, input layer neurons and output layer neurons in back propagation network. b) Discuss in detail about learning difficulties and improvements of back propagation algorithm. [8+8] 5. a) Describe in detail about the architecture of BAM. b) Explain in detail about the storage and recall algorithms of Hopfield networks. [8+8] 6. a) What are the parameters to be considered for the design of membership function? b) Write about classical set theory and classical sets. [8+8] 7. Let X={a,b,c,d} Y={1,2,3,4} And ={ (a,0)(b,0.8)(c,0.6)(d,1)} = {(1,0.2)(2,1)(3,0.8)(4,0)} ={(1,0)(2,0.4)(3,1)(4,0.8)} Determine the implication relations i) IF x is THEN y is ii) IF x is THEN y is

ELSE y is .

[8+8]

8. a) Discuss about application of neural networks in load forecasting. b) Describe the application of fuzzy logic in automobile cruise control.

[8+8]

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Code No. M0322

R07
FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(Mechanical Engineering)

Set No.1

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. Consider the following condition onsider

Max. Marks: 80

xx = x 2 , yy = y 2 , xy = 2 xy. zz = xz = yz = 0
Determine whether the compatibility equations are satisfied. one-dimensional 2. Find the nodal displacements in the tapered one dimensional member subjected to an end load of 4000 N. The cross cross-sectional area decreases linearly from 10 cm 2 at the left end to 0 5 cm at the right end. Further the member experiences a temperature increase of 25 0C. Use three 25 cm elements to idealize the member. Assume E= 2x107 N/cm2, = 0.3 and = 6 x 10-6 cm/cm-0C.

3. Derive the equilibrium equations for t beam-spring system shown in Figure. Start from the ring Figure the principle of minimum potential energy and indicate briefly the various steps involved in your finite element derivation.

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Code No. M0322

R07

Set No.1

4. Find the stresses in the plate shown in Figure. Using one triangular membrane element. E= 205 GPa, =0.3, t=10 mm. =0.3,

5. An axisymmetric ring element is shown in Figure. i) Derive the matrix [B]. ii) Derive the matrix [D], for steel with E=206850 x 106 N/mm2 and = 0.33. e iii) Derive the element stiffness matrix, [K ].

6. Using a 2 X 2 rule, evaluate the integral x2 + xy2) dx dy A By Gaussian quadrature, where A denotes the region shown in Figure.

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Code No. M0322

R07

Set No.1

7. Consider a pin fin having a diameter of 0.0079375m. and length of 0.127m. At the 0.127m 0 temperature is 110 C. The ambient temperature is 4 C and h = 14.76W/ m2 K Take k 40 14.76 = 21.35W/ m K . Assume that the tip of the fin is insulated. Using a two-element two model, determine the temperature distribution and heat loss in the fin. (by hand calculations).

8. Consider axial vibration of th steel bar shown in Figure. the Develop the global stiffness and mass matrices. By hand calculations, determine the lowest natural frequency and mode shape using the determine inverse iteration algorithm.

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Code No. M0322

R07
FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(Mechanical Engineering)

Set No.2

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. Consider the following condition xx = x 2 , yy = y 2 , xy = 2 xy. zz = xz = yz = 0 Determine whether the compatibility equations are satisfied.

Max. Marks: 80

2. The stepped bar shown in Figure. is heated by 60 0C The cross-sectional areas of sectional elements 1 and 2 are given by 2 and 1 in. 2 and the Young's modulus by 30x689x106 and 30 6 20x689x10 Pa, respectively. , i) Derive the stiffness matrices and the load vectors of the two elements. ii) Derive the assembled equilibrium equations of the system and find the displacement of node C. iii) Find the stresses induced in elements 1 and 2. Assume the value of for elements 1 and 2 to be 15 x 10-6 and 10 x 10-6 per 0F respectively.

3. The stepped bar shown in Figure. is subjected to an axial load of 444.8 N at node 2. The ubjected Young's modulus of elements 1, 2, and a are given by 1 x 106 x 6895, 20 x 106 x 6895, ments 10 , and 10 x 106 x 6895pa, respectively. If the cross sectional areas of elements 1, 2, and 3 , cross-sectional are given by 0.0058 , 0.00258,and 0.000645 m2. Respectively, determine the following:

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Code No. M0322

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Set No.2 No.

i) Displacements of nodes 2 and 3. ii) Stresses in elements 1. 2. and 3. iii) Reactions at nodes 1 and 4.

4. Find the stresses in the plate shown in Figure. Using two triangular membrane elements.

5. A hexagonal plate with a circular hole is subjected to a uniform pressure on the inside surface as shown in Figure (a). Due to the symmetry of the geometry and the load, only a 300- segment of the plate can be considered for the finite element analysis [Figure (b)] finite Indicate a procedure for incorporating the boundary conditions along the X X-and s-axes.

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Code No. M322

R07

Set No.2 No.

6. Figure shows a four-node quadrilateral. The (x, y) coordinates of each node are given in node the figure. The element displacement vector q is given as q= [0, 0, 0.20, 0, 0.15, 0.10, 0, 0.05] T

Find the following: i) The x-, y-coordinates of a point P whose location in the master element is given coordinates by = 0.5 and = 0.5 and ii) The u, v displacements of the point P. 7. Heat is entering into a large plate at the rate of qo = -300 W/m2 as in Fig.The plate is 25 Fig mm thick. Tue outside surface of the plate is maintained at a temperature of 10C. Using two finite elements, solve for the vector of nodal temperatures T thermal sing conductivity k = 1.0 W/m 0C.

8. Determine all natural frequencies of the simply supported beam shown in Fig. Compare the supported Fig results obtained using a one one-element model

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Code No. M0322

R07
FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(Mechanical Engineering)

Set No.3 No.

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. Consider the following state of strain r xx = c1 x, yy = c2 , zz = c3 x + c4 y + c5 , yz = c6 y, xy = zx = 0

Max. Marks: 80

where ci, i= 1.2 . . . . . 6 are constants. Determine whether the compatibility equations are satisfied.
2. Loads of magnitude 44.8 and 89.6 N are applied at points C and D of a rigid bar AB that is supported by two cables as shown in Figure. If cables 1 and 2 have cross-sectional o Figure. cross areas of 1 and 2 in. 2 and Young's modulus of 30 x 106 x 6895 and 20 x 106 x 6895pa, respectively, determine the fol following: i) The finite element equilibrium equations of the system by modeling each cable as a bar element. ii) The boundary conditions of the system. iii) The nodal displacements of the system.

span 3. A three-span beam is shown in Figure. Determine the deflection at the point B.

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Code No. M0322

R07

Set No.3 No.

membrane 4. Find the coordinate transformation matrix for the triangular membrane element shown in Figure.

5. If the face 23 of the element shown in Figure is subjected to a uniform pressure of he 200x689 Pa determine the corresponding load vector.

6. Using a 2 X 2 rule, evaluate the integral x2 + xy2) dx dy A By Gaussian quadrature, where A denot the region shown in Figure. denotes

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Code No. M0322

R07

Set No.3 No.

7. A steel shaft, with elliptic cross section (a=5 cm and b=3 cm) and length 1 m, is twisted by an angle of = 20 (Figure). Assuming the shear modulus as G = 80 GPa, determine the (Figure). maximum shear stress and the torque (Mz) in the shaft by modeling one-quarter of the quarter ellipse using linear triangular finite elements. Compare the finite element solution with near the following exact solution:

8. Determine all natural frequencies of the simply supported beam shown in Fig. Compare the supported Fig results obtained using a two two-element model.

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Code No. M0322

R07
FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
(Mechanical Engineering)

Set No.4 No.

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November, 2011

Time: 3 hours

Max. Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ***** 1. Determine whether the following displacement represents a feasible deformation state in a solid body:

Where a is a constant. N-m 2. If a vertical force of 4000 N along the z direction and a bending moment of 1000 N in the xz plane are developed at point A during a metal cutting operation, find the stresses metal-cutting developed in the machine too structure shown in Figure. tool

3. Find the deflection at the load and the slopes at the ends for the steel shaft shown in Figure. Consider the shaft to be simply supported at bearings A and B. .

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Code No. M0322

R07

Set No.4

4. The plate shown in Figure is heated by 500C Determine the load vector. Assume the coefficient of expansion of the material as = 12 x 10-6 per0C. E= 205 GPa, =0.3, t=10 mm.

he 5. If the element shown in Figure is subjected to an initial strain, due to an increase in temperature of 500F determine the corresponding load vector. Assume a value of = 6.5 x 106 per 0F.

6. The Cartesian (global) coordinates of the corners of a triangular element are given by (-2,-1), (2, 4), and (4, 1). Find expressions for the natural (triangular) coordinates L1, L2, 1), and L3. Determine the values of L1, L2, and L3 at the point, (x, y) = (0, 0).

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Code No. M0322

R07

Set No.4

7. Consider the torsion of a uniform shaf with an I-section (Figure). Using the finite shaft ). element method, determine the stresses in the elements and the torque oil the shaft for the following data: Length= 1 m, G=80GPa. =10

8. By hand calculations, determine the natural frequencies for the rod in figure using the characteristic polynomial technique.

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Code No: N0504

R05
MOBILE COMPUTING

Set No.1

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November, 2011 (Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Electronics & Computer Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. a) Explain the applications of Mobile Communications. b) How is synchronization achieved in GSM? Who is responsible for synchronization and why is it so important? 2. a) How are guard spaces realized between users in CDMA? b) Define the problem of hidden and exposed terminals. What happens in the case of such terminals if aloha, slotted aloha, reservation Aloha, or MACA is used? 3. a) What are general problems of mobile IP regarding security and support of QoS? b) How can DHCP be used for mobility and support of Mobile IP? 4. a) Explain indirect TCP. b) Why is timeout freezing required in case of mobile nodes? What are the modifications made in data link and TCP layers to enforce time-out freezing? 5. a) What are the advantages of hoarding data at the mobile device? b) Explain query-processing architecture for processing a query using distributed databases. 6. a) Explain hybrid data-delivery mechanism. b) Explain other alternative methods of selective tuning and indexing techniques. 7. a) Why is routing in multi-hop ad-hoc networks complicated, what are the special challenges? b) How does dynamic source routing handle routing? What is the motivation behind dynamic source routing compared to other routing algorithms from fixed networks. 8. a) Explain the functions of link manager in Bluetooth. b) Describe J2ME features. 1 of 1

Code No: N0504

R05
MOBILE COMPUTING

Set No.2

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November, 2011 (Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Electronics & Computer Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

1.

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* a) What are the limitations of mobile and wireless devices? b) How is localization, location update, roaming etc., done in GSM and reflected in the databases? What are typical roaming scenarios?

2. a) Explain the term interference in the space, time, frequency and code domain. What are counter measures in SDMA, TDMA, FDMA and CDMA systems. b) Which of the MAC schemes can give hard guarantees related to bandwidth and access delay? 3. a) What could be quick solutions and why dont they work? b) List the entities of mobile IP and describe data transfer from a mobile node to a fixed node and vice-versa. Why and where is encapsulation needed? a) Explain snooping TCP. b) Describe slow start of congestion control. How can fast recovery take place in the congestion avoidance phase?

4.

5. a) Explain client-server computing with adaptation. b) Why does a mobile device take QoS issues into account while computing? List the object models for application adaptation for the QoS constraints. 6. a) Explain the reasons for communication asymmetry in mobile network. Give examples of asymmetric communication architecture for data dissemination. b) Explain index-based method of selective tuning and indexing techniques. 7. a) How does the symmetry of wireless links influence the routing algorithms proposed. b) What are the differences between AODV and the standard distance vector algorithm? Why are extensions needed? 8. a) Explain the MAC layer of Bluetooth. b) Describe the wireless application environment (WAE) logical model. 1 of 1

Code No: N0504

R05
MOBILE COMPUTING

Set No.3

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November, 2011 (Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Electronics & Computer Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

1.

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* a) Explain the architecture of mobile computing. b) What are the functions or authentication and encryption in GSM? How is system security maintained?

2. a) Who performs the MAC algorithm for SDMA? What could be possible roles of mobile stations, base stations and planning from the network provider? b) How are guard spaces realized between users in CDMA? 3. Explain how tunneling works in general and especially for mobile IP using IP-in-IP, minimal and generic routing encapsulation respectively. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these three methods. 4. a) Explain congestion control in traditional TCP. b) Describe transaction oriented TCP. How does the integration of connection establishment, data transfer, and close functions into one help in transmitting and receiving at the TCP nodes.

5. a) Explain about context-aware computing. b) Explain the situations in which a database can crash. How does a database recover using recovery manager? What is the role of logged entries in updating transactions? 6. a) Describe pull-based data-delivery mechanism? What are the advantages and disadvantages of pull-based data-delivery? b) Explain the following selective tuning and indexing techniques. (i) Flexible indexing method (ii) Distributed index based method 7. a) What are the benefits of location information for routing in ad-hoc networks, which problems arise? b) What are the security threats to a MANET? Why a MANET faces greater security threats than a fixed infrastructure network? 8. a) Explain wireless session protocol. b) Explain different user scenarios of Bluetooth. 1 of 1

Code No: N0504

R05
MOBILE COMPUTING

Set No.4

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November, 2011 (Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology and Electronics & Computer Engineering) Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ******* 1. a) What are the limitations of a GSM cell in terms of diameter and capacity (voice, data) for the traditional GSM, HSCSD, GPRS? How can the capacity be increased? b) What are the reasons for the delays in the GSM system for packet data traffic? Distinguish between circuit switched and packet-oriented transmission. 2. a) What is the reason for the failure of MAC schemes in wireless networks? What is done in wired networks to avoid this effect? b) Explain about FDMA. 3. a) What is IP packet delivery? Explain it. b) What is reverse tunneling? What additional routes do packets take if reverse tunneling is required? 4. a) Compare the different types of transmission errors that can occur in wireless and wired networks. What additional role does mobility play? b) Explain mobile TCP. How does a supervisory host send TCP packets to the mobile node and to a fixed TCP connection? Give the advantages and disadvantages of mobile TCP. 5. a) Explain about power-aware computing. b) Explain stateless and stateful cache invalidation mechanisms. 6. a) Describe push-based data-delivery mechanism. What are the advantages and disadvantages of push-based data dissemination? b) Explain the following selective tuning and indexing techniques. i) Directory method ii) Hash-based method 7. a) Describe the properties of MANETs. b) Explain the dynamic source routing algorithm in MANETs. 8. a) Explain the functions of radio and baseband sublayers in Bluetooth. b) Explain wireless transaction protocol. 1 of 1

Code No: N0302/R05

Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 CAD-CAM ( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy & Material Technology, Production Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. A computer display system has a resolution of 800 horizontal x 600 vertical pixels. If the screen aspect ratio is 4: 3, show how a square box of 400 pixels can be drawn. [16] 2. Derive the relationship between a point and its scaled counterpart p* if P is scaled uniformly about a given point Q which is not the origin. [16] 3. Find the normal vector to a cubic spline curve at any of its points. 4. How do you plan for a drawing in AutoCAD. [16] [16]

5. A turning operation is to be performed on an NC lathe. Cutting speed = 2.5 m/sec, feed = 0.2 mm/rev, and depth = 4.0 mm. Work piece diameter = 100 mm and its length = 400 mm. Determine (a) the rotational speed of the work bar. (b) the feed rate, (c) the metal removal rate and (d) the time to travel from one end of the part to the other. [16]

6. The following table lists the weekly quantities and routings of ten parts that are being considered for cellular manufacturing in a machine shop. Parts are identied by letters and machines are identied numerically. For the data given, (a) develop the part machine incidence matrix, and (b) apply the rank order clustering technique to the part-machine incidence matrix to identify logical part families and machine groups. [16] Part A B C D E Weekly Quantity 50 20 75 10 12 Machine routing 327 61 65 651 3274 [16]

7. Explain the typical performance reports of FMS.

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Code No: N0302/R05

Set No. 1

8. Why are not the JIT concepts implemented in Indian and Western foreign Industries? Explain. [16]

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Code No: N0302/R05

Set No. 2

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 CAD-CAM ( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy & Material Technology, Production Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. What are the three modeling modes oered by CAD/CAM systems? What do they do? [16] 2. A point P lies originally at the position ( 2, 0). Find its coordinates if it is rotated 450 clockwise about the origin. If it is given a subsequent rotation of 450 , what will its coordinates be? 3. (a) What are the limitations found in the general wire frame modeling systems? Explain with an example. (b) What is the best kind of modeling system? Explain with suitable sketches. (c) What are the various three-dimensional construction methods suitable for mechanical engineering applications? [16] 4. Explain the concept of layers in AutoCAD. [16]

5. The top surface of a large cast iron plate is to be face milled. The area to be machined is 400-mm wide and 700-mm long. The insert type face milling cutter has eight teeth and is 100 mm in diameter. Dene the origin of the axis system at the lower left corner of the part with the long side parallel to the x-axis. Write the APT geometry and motion statements for this job. [16] 6. A GT machine cell contains three machines Machine 1 feeds machine 2, which is the key machine in the cell. Machine 2 feeds machine 3. The cell is set up to produce a family of ve parts (A, B, C, D, and E). The operation times for each part at each machine are given in the table below. The products are to be produced in the ratios 4 : 3 : 2 : 2 : 1, respectively. (a) If 35 hrs /week are worked, determine how many of each product will be made by the cell (b) What is the utilization of each machine in the cell? Part A B C D E Operation time (min) Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine 3 4 15 10 15 18 7 26 20 15 15 20 10 8 16 10 1 of 2 [16]

Code No: N0302/R05

Set No. 2

7. A exible machining system consists of two machining workstations and a load/unload station. Station 1 is the load/unload station. Station 2 performs milling operations and consists of two servers (two identical CNC milling machines). Station 3 has one server that performs drilling (one CNC drill press). The stations are connected by a part handling system that has four work carriers. The mean transport time is 3.0 min. The FMS produces two parts, A and B. The part mix fractions and process routings for the two parts are presented in the table below. Determine, (a) maximum production rate of the FMS, (b) corresponding production rates of each product, (c) utilization of each station and (d) number of busy servers at each station. Part A Part Mix 04. Operation 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Description Load Mill Drill Unload Load Mill Drill Unload Station Process time (min) 1 4 2 30 3 10 4 2 1 4 2 40 3 15 1 2 [16] [16]

0.6

8. How does Lean Manufacturing make a mass production system exible?

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Code No: N0302/R05

Set No. 3

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 CAD-CAM ( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy & Material Technology, Production Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. What are the three modeling modes oered by CAD/CAM systems? What do they do? [16] 2. Prove that the multiplication of transformation matrices for the following sequence of operations is commutative. (a) Two successive rotations (b) Two successive translations (c) Two successive scalings. [16]

3. Given a point Q and a parametric curve in the Cartesian space, nd the closest point P on the curve to Q. Hint: Find P such that (Q - P) is perpendicular to the tangent vector. [16] 4. Find the geometric modiers available on your CAD/CAM system. What is their syntax? How do you use them? What is the default modier? [16] 5. (a) What is meant by tool o set compensation? Discuss its importance. (b) What are the characteristics of ATC? How do they dier from Turrets? [8+8] 6. (a) What factors must be considered while selecting a classication and coding system? (b) Discuss the advantages and the limitations of OPITZ code system. 7. Describe the following operational issues related to FMS. (a) Scheduling and dispatching (b) Machine loading. 8. Discuss how Lean production diers from Job shop production system. [8+8] [16] [8+8]

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Code No: N0302/R05

Set No. 4

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 CAD-CAM ( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy & Material Technology, Production Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. CAD/CAM systems have one of the following orientations for MCS: XY plane horizontal or XY plane vertical. Sketch each system in 3D space. [16] 2. Calculate the transformed (rotation of 300 ) coordinates of the following. A rectangle of size 25 mm X 40 mm. [16] 3. Given a point Q and a parametric curve in the Cartesian space, nd the closest point P on the curve to Q. Hint: Find P such that (Q - P) is perpendicular to the tangent vector. [16] 4. Three point sets in E 2 dene three valid polygonal solids S1 , S2 and S3 . The three solids are bounded by three boundary sets bS 1, bS2 and bS3 given by their comer points as: bS1 := {(2, 2), (5, 2), (5, 5), (2, 5)}, bS2 = {(3, 3), (7, 3), (7, 6), (3, 6)} and bS3 = {(4, 1), (6, 1), (6, 4), (4, 4)}. Find S1 S2 S3 , S1 S2 S3 and S1 - S2 - S3 . [16] 5. (a) Discuss i. Geometric statements and ii. Cutter motion statements used in APT. (b) Name any two CAM packages. How do you generate NC part program in such packages? [8+8] 6. Discuss the advantages of GT in Manufacturing. 7. Describe the following operational issues related to FMS. (a) Scheduling and dispatching (b) Machine loading. 8. Describe hardware conguration of CIM with the help of a sketch. [8+8] [16] [16]

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Code No: M0202/R05

Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov 2011 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. For the given network shown in gure 1d connections form: (a) Graph (b) Tree (c) Co-tree (d) Cut-set. [16]

Figure 1d 2. Form the Zbus for the given network connections: Self Bus code (element) 1-2 (1) 1-3 3-4 1-2 (2) 2-4 Impedence 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 Mutual Bus code Impedence 1-2 (1) 1-2 (1) 0.1 0.2 [16]

3. Explain briey the method of dealing with voltage controlled buses in load ow studies. Explain with G-S method. [16] 4. Explain step-by-step algorithm of N-R (Polar form) algorithm including P-V buses. [16] 5. (a) What are the advantages of p.u system. 1 of 2

Code No: M0202/R05

Set No. 1
[10+6]

(b) For the network shown in gure 5b draw p.u impedance diagram.

Figure 5b 6. (a) The voltages across a 3 phase unbalanced load are Vab = 300 V 0; Vbc = 300 -900 ; Vca = 800 1430 respectively. Determine the sequence components of voltages. (b) Symmetrical components of unbalanced 3 phase currents are I0 = 3 -300 ; I1 [8+8] = 5 900 ; and I2 = 4 300 . Obtain original unbalanced phasors. 7. A 50 Hz synchronous generator with H = 2.5 MJ / MVA supplies power to innite bus as shown in gure 7. Derive an expression for power delivered to innite bus and plot power angle curve. [16]

Figure 7 8. (a) Explain the methods of improving transient stability. (b) A 50 Hz synchronous generator with inertia constant H = 4 MT/MVA and xd equal to 0.15 pu feeds 1.0 pu power to an innite bus at 0.8 pf lagging. Via a network with an equivalent reactance of 0.3 pu. A 3 phase fault is sustained for 100 milli seconds at the terminals. Plot swing curve through t = 0.25 secs. [8+8]

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Code No: M0202/R05

Set No. 2

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov 2011 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. Form the network matrices Zloop using non-singular transformation for the network connections: [16] element 1 2 3 4 5 p-r 1-2 (1) 1-2(2) 1-3 2-4 3-5 Self Bus code 1-2 1-3 3-4 1-2(2) 2-4 Impedence 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 Mutual Bus code 1-2(1) 1-2(1) Impedence 0.1 0.2

2. The bus impedance matrix for the network connection is found to be (G-Ground): There is a line outage and the line from bus 1 to 2 is removed. Using the method of building algorithm determine the new bus impedance matrix. [16] Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 = 2 3 4 Bus code 1-G 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-G 2-4 3-4 1 0.150 0.075 0.140 0.135 impedance j0.2 j0.5 j0.2 j0.3 j0.3 j0.6 j0.1 2 3 0.075 0.140 0.1875 0.090 0.090 0.2533 0.0975 0.210 4 0.135 0.0975 0.210 0.2475

Zbus

3. Why direct simulation of load ow is not possible? and mention data required for load ow solution? [16] 4. With the help of ow chart explain the computational procedure used for load ow using Fast Decoupled method. [16] 1 of 2

Code No: M0202/R05 5. (a) Prove that Base impedance =

2 KVLL(Base)

Set No. 2
M V A3(Base)

(b) Obtain pu impedance diagram of the power system of gure 5b. Choose base quantities in generagor circuit. Generator: 20 MVA, 11 KV, X = 0.1 pu Transformer: 25 MVA, 11/33 KV, X = 0.1 pu Load: 10 MVA, 33 KV, 0.8 pf lag. [16]

Figure 5b 6. (a) Pabc is 3 phase power in a circuit and P012 is power in the same circuit in terms of symmetrical components. Show that abc = 012 . (b) The line currents in a 3 phase supply to an un balanced load are respectively Ia = 10 + j20; Ib = 12 - j10; Ic = -3 - j5 Amp. phase sequence is abc. Determine the sequence components of currents. [8+8] 7. A 275 KV transmission line has following line constants. A = 0.85 50 , B = 200 750 The line delivers 150 MW with |VS | = |VR | = 275KV . Determine synchronizing power coecient. [16] 8. A 50 Hz, 500 MVA, 400 KV generator (including transformer) is connected to a 400 KV innite bus bar through on inter connector. The generator has H = 2.5 MJ/MVA. Voltage behind transient reactance 420 KV and supplies 460 MW. The transfer reactance between generator and bus bar under various conditions are Prefault = 0.5 pu; During fault = 1.0 pu; Post fault = 0.75 pu. Calculate swing curve using T = 0.05 sec, with fault cleared at 0.1 secs. The period of study is 0.2 secs. [16]

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Code No: M0202/R05

Set No. 3

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov 2011 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. Form the network matrices Zloop using non-singular transformation for the network connections: [16] element 1 2 3 4 5 p-r 1-2 (1) 1-2(2) 1-3 2-4 3-5 Self Bus code 1-2 1-3 3-4 1-2(2) 2-4 Impedence 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 Mutual Bus code 1-2(1) 1-2(1) Impedence 0.1 0.2

2. Explain modication of the bus impedance matrix for changes in the network.[16] 3. For the power system shown in g. obtain the voltage at bus 2 at the end of the rst iteration use G-S method. Line impedances are shown in g bus 1 is the slack [16] bus with voltage at 1 0 Pu. P2 + jQ2 = (-5.96+j1.46)Pu and |V3 | =1.02 Pu. Assume V3 = 1.02 = 1 00 1 2 3 (0.04+j0.06)Pu (0.02+j0.03)Pu
(0)

00 and V2

(0)

4. Derive N-R (Polar form) equations and N-R (Rectangular form) equations and explain dierence between these methods. [16] 5. (a) A 3 phase fault through fault impedance Zf = 0.08 occurs at point F on the system shown in gure 5. The system is operating at noload and rated voltage. Determine bus voltages and line currents during the fault. (b) State the assumptions made in short circuit analysis. [10+6]

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Code No: M0202/R05

Set No. 3

Figure 5 6. (a) Pabc is 3 phase power in a circuit and P012 is power in the same circuit in terms of symmetrical components. Show that abc = 012 . (b) The line currents in a 3 phase supply to an un balanced load are respectively Ia = 10 + j20; Ib = 12 - j10; Ic = -3 - j5 Amp. phase sequence is abc. Determine the sequence components of currents. [8+8] 7. A generator supplies 1.0 pu power to an innite bus as shown in gure 7. The terminal voltage and innite bus voltage are 1.0 pu. All the reactances are on a common base. Determine steady state stability limit: [16] (a) when both lines are in (b) when one line is switched o.

Figure 7 8. (a) Derive swing equation of a single machine connected to innite bus. (b) A synchronous generator is feeding 250 MW to a 50 Hz large network over a double circuit line. The maximum steady state power that can be transmitted over line with both circuits in operation is 500 MW and is 350 MW with any one of the circuit. A solid 3 phase fault at network-end of one the line causes it to trip. Find critical clearing angle before which circuit breakers have to trip. [8+8]

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Code No: M0202/R05

Set No. 4

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov 2011 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS (Electrical & Electronic Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks

1. Form the network matrices Zloop using non-singular transformation for the network connections: [16] element 1 2 3 4 5 p-r 1-2 (1) 1-2(2) 1-3 2-4 3-5 Self Bus code 1-2 1-3 3-4 1-2(2) 2-4 Impedence 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 Mutual Bus code 1-2(1) 1-2(1) Impedence 0.1 0.2

2. The bus impedance matrix for the network connection is found to be (G-Ground): There is a line outage and the line from bus 1 to 2 is removed. Using the method of building algorithm determine the new bus impedance matrix. [16] Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 = 2 3 4 Bus code 1-G 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-G 2-4 3-4 1 0.150 0.075 0.140 0.135 impedance j0.2 j0.5 j0.2 j0.3 j0.3 j0.6 j0.1 2 3 0.075 0.140 0.1875 0.090 0.090 0.2533 0.0975 0.210 4 0.135 0.0975 0.210 0.2475

Zbus

3. The converged load ow solution is available how do you determine the slack bus complex power injection and system total loss? [16] 4. With the help of ow chart explain the computational procedure used for load ow using Fast Decoupled method. [16] 1 of 2

Code No: M0202/R05

Set No. 4

5. (a) A 3 phase fault through fault impedance Zf = 0.08 occurs at point F on the system shown in gure 5. The system is operating at noload and rated voltage. Determine bus voltages and line currents during the fault. (b) State the assumptions made in short circuit analysis. [10+6]

Figure 5 6. (a) Pabc is 3 phase power in a circuit and P012 is power in the same circuit in terms of symmetrical components. Show that abc = 012 . (b) The line currents in a 3 phase supply to an un balanced load are respectively Ia = 10 + j20; Ib = 12 - j10; Ic = -3 - j5 Amp. phase sequence is abc. Determine the sequence components of currents. [8+8] 7. A 3 phase 50 Hz transmission line is 200 Km long. The line parameters are r = 0.1 ohm /Km; x = 0.25 ohm/km; y = 3 106 mho / Km. The line is represented by nominal model. If |VS | = |VR | = 200KV determine steady state stability limit. [16] 8. A 50 Hz, 500 MVA, 400 KV generator (including transformer) is connected to a 400 KV innite bus bar through on inter connector. The generator has H = 2.5 MJ/MVA. Voltage behind transient reactance 420 KV and supplies 460 MW. The transfer reactance between generator and bus bar under various conditions are Prefault = 0.5 pu; During fault = 1.0 pu; Post fault = 0.75 pu. Calculate swing curve using T = 0.05 sec, with fault cleared at 0.1 secs. The period of study is 0.2 secs. [16]

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Code No: N0402/R05

Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Derive the wave equation for a step index ber. (b) Calculate the critical angle, maximum entrance angle and NA for a step index ber having a core index of 1.60 and a cladding index of 1.49. Derive the expressions used. [8+8] 2. (a) A single mode step index ber with a core refractive index of 1.49 has a critical bending radius of 10.4 mm when illuminated with light at a wavelength of 1.3 m. If the cut o wavelength for the ber is 1.15 m, calculate the relative refractive index dierence. (b) Compare stimulated Brillouin and stimulated Raman scattering in optical ber. [8+8] 3. (a) Explain the theory of material dispersion and nd an expression for RMS material dispersion. (b) A single mode step index ber has a zero dispersion wavelength of 1.29 m and exhibits total rst order dispersion of 3.5 ps m1 km1 at a wavelength of 1.32 m. Determine the total rst order dispersion in the ber at a wavelength of 1.54 m. [8+8] 4. (a) List out the advantages of semiconductor laser diodes over LED, when used for ber transmission. (b) An LED is made with gallium arsenide dopped with aluminium and has an energy band gap of 1.55 eV. What is its dominant emission wavelength.[8+8] 5. (a) With the help of neat diagrams describe lens coupling mechanisms to improve coupling eciency from a ber optic source. (b) Dierentiate between Lambertian and monochromatic optical sources in terms of power coupling into a single mode ber. (c) What is equilibrium numerical aperture? Explain the signicance of equilibrium numerical aperture on source to ber power coupling. [6+5+5] 6. (a) Describe important specications of a semiconductor photo diode to be suitable for ber optic communications. (b) Compute the range of quantum eciency of an InGaAs PIN diode in the wavelength range between 1200 nm and 1600 nm if the responsivity of the diode is specied to be more than 0.6 A/W in the required wavelength region. 1 of 2

Code No: N0402/R05

Set No. 1
[8+8]

Use the necessary physical constants listed. Speed of light in vacuum =3 108 m/s Electron charge =1.602 1019 C Plancks constant =6.6256 1034 J-S Boltzmans constant =1.38 1023 J/K Band gap energy of InGaAs = 0.73 eV at 300K 7. Write a short note on the following: (a) System considerations in the design of a ber optic link. (b) System rise time calculation with the help of an example.

[8+8]

8. (a) How can the maximum achievable transmission distance with a set of active and passive components in an optical link be calculated? Explain with the help of necessary transmission curves. (b) Describe eye patterns analysis for assessing the performance of a digital ber optic link. Is it possible to estimate BER also from eye patterns? [8+8]

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Code No: N0402/R05

Set No. 2

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) What are the dierent types of optical bers, explain about them in detail with the necessary gures, graphs and equations? (b) An optical ber with core and cladding refractive indices as 1.49 and 1.48 respectively is immersed in a uid. Determine the refractive index of this uid if the maximum acceptance angle of the immersed ber is 880 . Comment on the result. [8+8] 2. (a) The mean optical power launched in to an optical ber link is 1.5 mw and the ber has an attenuation of 0.5 dB km1 . Determine the maximum possible link length without repeaters (assuming loss less connectors) when the minimum mean optical power level required at the detector is 2 w. (b) Briey describe the following linear scattering losses in optical ber. i. Rayleigh scattering ii. Mie scattering. [8+8]

3. (a) Derive the expression for the pulse dispersion in a parabolic index medium and in a planar step index wave guide. (b) For a ber, material dispersion parameter is 58.8 ps/ nm/ km. The relative spectral width / of the source is 0.0012 at the wavelength of 850 nm. Calculate the RMS pulse broadening per km. [8+8] 4. (a) Draw the driving circuit laser transmitter and explain its operation. (b) A Ga As laser emitting at 800 nm has a 400 m long cavity with a refractive index n = 3.6. If the gain of exceeds the total loss t throughout the range 750 nm < < 850 nm, how many modes will exist in the laser, also nd the frequency separation of the modes. [8+8] 5. Write short notes on the following: (a) Power coupling from a vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) diode to a single mode ber. (b) Radiation patterns in axial and vertical planes from surface emitting LED and edge emitting LED. [8+8] 6. (a) Describe important specications of a semiconductor photo diode to be suitable for ber optic communications. 1 of 2

Code No: N0402/R05

Set No. 2

(b) Compute the range of quantum eciency of an InGaAs PIN diode in the wavelength range between 1200 nm and 1600 nm if the responsivity of the diode is specied to be more than 0.6 A/W in the required wavelength region. Use the necessary physical constants listed. [8+8] Speed of light in vacuum =3 108 m/s Electron charge =1.602 1019 C Plancks constant =6.6256 1034 J-S Boltzmans constant =1.38 1023 J/K Band gap energy of InGaAs = 0.73 eV at 300K 7. (a) Describe a method to carryout rise time budget analysis for a ber optic link (b) Explain the procedure to determine the maximum allowable RZ and NRZ data rates from rise time budget analysis. (c) Explain the eect of mode mixing factor, q, on modal dispersion induced rise time. [8+4+4] 8. (a) How is excess mode lling during launching of optical power compensated for stabilized measurement of attenuation in optical bers? Suggest possible methods. (b) With at least 4 types of line codes, explain the improvement in quality of transmission of signals in optical bers. [8+8]

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Code No: N0402/R05

Set No. 3

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Briey explain about the optical ber construction details and show a gure for transmission of light rays and discuss about the refractive index distribution with a graph. (b) A ber with parameters n1 = 1.46, n2 = 1.455 and a = 3 m has to be used as single mode ber in a communication system. Determine a suitable operating wavelength. [8+8] 2. (a) Describe the radiative losses in bers resulting in absorption. (b) Explain the mechanisms of dispersion of signals in optical bers. [8+8]

3. (a) Calculate the insertion loss of the connector when the power in the ber is 100 w and the output power after the connector is 80 w. (b) A multimode graded index ber exhibits the pulse broadening of 0.2 s over a distance of 15 Km. Estimate: i. Optimum bandwidth of ber ii. Dispersion per unit length iii. Bandwidth length product.

[8+8]

4. Explain the modulation capability of the laser diode and its temperature eects. How to compensate for variations in temperature? [16] 5. (a) Describe various mechanisms usable to increase power coupling from an LED into a single mode ber. Discuss the intricacies involved. (b) An LED with circular emitting region of radius 200 m and an axial radiance of 60 W / cm2 - Sr at 100mA drive current is coupled into a step index ber of 50m radius and 0.24 numerical aperture. i. Compute the power coupled into this step index ber. ii. Calculate the power coupled from the source specied about into a parabolic index graded-index ber of same size as the step index ber with n1 =1.485 and = 0.01. [6+5+5] 6. (a) Dierentiate between the photodiode parameters, quantum limit and dark current. (b) The quantum eciency of an In GaAs PIN diode is 80% in the wavelength range between 1300 nm and 1600 nm. Compute the range of responsivity of the PIN diode in the specied wavelength range. [8+8] 1 of 2

Code No: N0402/R05

Set No. 3

7. (a) Describe a method to carryout rise time budget analysis for a ber optic link (b) Explain the procedure to determine the maximum allowable RZ and NRZ data rates from rise time budget analysis. (c) Explain the eect of mode mixing factor, q, on modal dispersion induced rise time. [8+4+4] 8. (a) How can the maximum achievable transmission distance with a set of active and passive components in an optical link be calculated? Explain with the help of necessary transmission curves. (b) Describe eye patterns analysis for assessing the performance of a digital ber optic link. Is it possible to estimate BER also from eye patterns? [8+8]

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Code No: N0402/R05

Set No. 4

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2011 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks 1. (a) Draw the block schematic of a general communication system and explain the functions of each block. (b) Discuss briey about the leaky modes and mode coupling losses in the ber optic communication. [8+8] 2. (a) Explain the core and cladding losses in an optical ber and derive the expression for those losses.. (b) Discuss dierent scattering losses in SiO2 ber at various operating wavelengths in detail. [8+8] 3. (a) Write notes on dispersion shifted ber and dispersion compensating ber. (b) Explain in detail about the refractive index prole dispersion and dispersion Vs bandwidth of the optical ber. [8+8] 4. (a) A single mode ber has the following parameters normalized frequency (V)=2.40, core refractive index (n1 ) = 1.46, core diameter (2a) = 8 m, numerical aperture(NA)=0.1. Estimate the total insertion loss of a ber joint with a lateral misalignment of 1 mm and an angular misalignment of 10 . (b) Explain the principle of operation of injected laser diode with a neat diagrams. [8+8] 5. (a) With the help of neat diagrams describe lens coupling mechanisms to improve coupling eciency from a ber optic source. (b) Dierentiate between Lambertian and monochromatic optical sources in terms of power coupling into a single mode ber. (c) What is equilibrium numerical aperture? Explain the signicance of equilibrium numerical aperture on source to ber power coupling. [6+5+5] 6. (a) List out the materials used and the desired features of a photo diode for usability in ber optic links. (b) Derive an expression for total mean-square noise signal in a photo detector and hence the Signal-to-Noise Ratio at the output of a receiver. [8+8] 7. (a) Describe a method to carryout rise time budget analysis for a ber optic link (b) Explain the procedure to determine the maximum allowable RZ and NRZ data rates from rise time budget analysis. 1 of 2

Code No: N0402/R05

Set No. 4

(c) Explain the eect of mode mixing factor, q, on modal dispersion induced rise time. [8+4+4] 8. (a) Is it possible to establish Bi-directional wavelength division multiplexed optical communication link? Justify your answer with relevant equations, diagrams numerical values and description. (b) How is the maximum achievable data rate estimated from dispersion measurements for RZ and NRZ formats of data? (c) List out the dierences between time domain and frequency domain approaches in measurements of inter modal dispersion. [5+6+5]

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