Account for the instability in the development of the early Serbian State 1817 1860 Introduction REASONS FOR

R INSTABILITY - CONFLICTS AT THE TOP OF THE COUNTRY, STRUGGLE FOR POWER BETWEEN OTTOMAN, TWO DYNASTIES AND THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE CONSITITUIONALISTS. Conflicts between the two dynasties obrenovich and djordjevich. MAIN REASON Instability at the top is going to lead to instability of the whole country Splitting the country up straight away as two men were going head to head The constant chopping and changing between dynasties would not lead to a settled calm life, instead things were always changing which makes people angry.
This period was marked by the alternation of two dynasties descending from Djordje Petrovic - Karadjordje, leader of the First Serbian Uprising and Milos Obrenovic, leader of the Second Serbian Uprising

There was another uprising in 1813, which was more successful as instead of attempting independence with an army (which was impossible) like Black George/Karadjordjevich, Milosh Obrenovich went with diplomacy, which arguably worked as he got semi-independndence and was thus the first ruler of the state. Milosh Obrenovich 1817 1839 He killed Djordjevich because they were rivals, and he knew his return to Serbia would have caused a civil war.

(even arranging for the assassination of Karageorge when he returns to Serbia in 1817). And he is helped by the fact that from 1821 the Turkish sultan is also coping with the Greek war of independence. The result is that Milosh remains in control until, in 1830, he wins both Turkish and international recognition for an autonomous Serbia. The state is to remain within the Ottoman empire but will enjoy Russian protection. For most of the next eighty years Serbia is ruled by Milosh's descendants. Serbians increasingly see themselves as leaders of the Yugoslavs ('southern Slavs'), an ambition which greatly alarms Austria - particularly after the revolutionary events of 1848, when the Slavs ofCroatiatry to win independence from Habsburg control.
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=3044&HistoryI D=ac79

Milos used spies and secret agents to harass or kill his enemies including Karageorge, who was murdered when he came back to Serbia in 1817. To curry favor with the Turks, Milos had the great rebel's head stuffed and sent to Istanbul. Other rivals died in mysterious "hunting accidents"

or were jailed. In many respects Milos was simply a Christian pasha.

http://staff.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/lecture5.html THE INVOLVMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONALISTS The constitutionalists wanted control, they wanted to make decisions by letting the most powerful political figures meet up, they were very hard to ignore, because this idea was backed by the powerful countries at the time. The constitutionalists were effectively controlling who was in charge of the dynasties early on, as they changed knez when the knez didnt agree with their views. During the Milosh Obrenoch reign, the constitutionalists This document did

not appease Milos' rivals. In 1838 Milos was on bad terms with the Russians, who therefore helped secure a new Serbian Constitution from the Ottoman sultan as an "Organic Statute" for a province that was still nominally Turkish.

Under this 1838 Constitution, the powers of the Council grew to suit the "Constitutionalist" notables. Council members would serve for life and could not be removed by the prince. The state ministries were responsible to the Council, not the prince. The Assembly disappeared so that the prince could not use it against the council. When a military mutiny failed to cow his enemies, Milos abdicated and left the country. When a military mutiny failed to cow his enemies, Milos abdicated and left the country. His heir Milan was only 17 and deathly ill, so the Council took control of the state as a Regency. When Milan died, he was succeeded by his 16-year old brother Michael. After another abortive coup in 1842, Michael also left Serbia and the anti-Obrenovic notables completed their triumph by selecting Alexander Karageorgevic, Karageorge's son, as prince. The Council retained true power.
http://staff.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/lecture5.html
But its existence as such rested on no safe and legal basis, except on the readiness of the Servians to defend it with all their might and on the goodwill of the sultan and his" Sublime Porte." Milosh therefore worked hard to obtain some sortof international recognition of the semi-independent status of Servia . Russia came to his assistance, and by the Treaty of Adrianople of 1829 the Porte

engaged formally to grant Servia full autonomy . This engagement was somewhat developed in the Hatti-sherif of 183o, which added to Servia three districts (Krushevats, Alexinats, Zaechar), acknowledged her full autonomy, recognized Milosh as hereditary prince of Servia, and declared that the Turks in Servia could have properties and live only in fortified places where there were Turkish garrisons, and not in other towns and villages . Milosh won for his family the hereditary right to the throne of Servia with-out the co-operation of Russia . The creation of a hereditary dynasty in Servia was outside the Russian Balkan policy of that time, and thisgreat and independent success of Milosh was the first cause of Russia's dissatisfaction with him . The second cause was that, yielding to the pressure exercised on him by his own people, he gave the country a constitution without asking " the protector of Servia," the tsar, for his approval of the step . The third cause was that Milosh consistently resented the interference of Russia in the internal affairs of the principality http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/MIC_MOL/MILOSH_OBRENOVICH_I.ht

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INFLUENCE OF THE RUSSIAN AND OTTOMANS Still under ottoman rule (but with rights) and under Russian protection The ottomans were weakening, but were still in control of Serbia. The Russians had protection over Serbia, which is why the Ottomans let them have some rights?

This document did not appease Milos' rivals. In 1838 Milos was on bad terms with the Russians, who therefore helped secure a new Serbian Constitution from the Ottoman sultan as an "Organic Statute" for a province that was still nominally Turkish. Under this 1838 Constitution, the powers of the Council grew to suit the "Constitutionalist" notables. Council members would serve for life and could not be removed by the prince. The state ministries were responsible to the Council, not the prince. The Assembly disappeared so that the prince could not use it against the council. When a military mutiny failed to cow his enemies, Milos abdicated and left the country.
http://staff.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/lecture5.html The Russians supported the Serbians because of Christianity. They did not approve of the Islamic Turkish rule It was also because the Russians did not want the Ottomans to be controlling the Balkans, because the Russian and Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian were all rival empires, and did not want each other to get stronger. Smaller reasons Too much too fast

Obrenovich werent royal blood Very quick development which is destabilising people dont like change RELIGION RELIGION RELIGION!!!! SERBS CONVERTED TO ISLAM!! KRAGUJEVAC WAS THE POLITICAL CENTRE DUE TO FEAR OF OTTTOMANS IN MOLOSH EARLY DAYS.