Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
DR 2336 (08/27/12)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. MOTORCYCLE OPERATOR LICENSING....... 3
2. PREPARING TO RIDE......................................... 3
2.1 Wear the Right Gear ............................................... 3
2.2 Check the Motorcycle............................................. 4
2.3 Become Familiar with the Motorcycle ................ 5
3. CONTROL FOR SAFETY..................................... 5
3.1 Body Position and Posture..................................... 5
3.2 Turning .................................................................... 5
3.3 Braking ..................................................................... 6
3.4 Shifting Gears.......................................................... 6
4. SEE AND BE SEEN ............................................... 6
4.1 Using Your Mirrors ................................................ 7
4.2 Head Checks............................................................ 7
4.3 Horns ....................................................................... 7
5. LANE POSITION .................................................. 7
6. KEEPING YOUR DISTANCE ............................ 8
6.1 Distance in Front .................................................... 8
6.2 Distance Behind ...................................................... 8
6.3 Distance to the Side ................................................ 8
7. SIPDE ...................................................................... 9
8. DANGEROUS SURFACES.................................. 9
8.1 Slippery Surfaces..................................................... 9
8.2 Uneven Surfaces and Obstacles ........................... 10
9. RIDING AT NIGHT............................................. 11
10. COLLISION AVOIDANCE............................... 11
10.1 Quick Stops ........................................................... 11
10.2 Swerving or Turning Quickly.............................. 11
10.3 Riding in a Curve ................................................. 12
10.4 Cornering............................................................... 12
11. MECHANICAL PROBLEMS............................. 12
11.1 Tire Failure ............................................................. 12
11.2 Stuck Throttle ........................................................ 12
11.3 Wobble.................................................................... 13
11.4 Chain Problems..................................................... 13
11.5 Engine Seizure....................................................... 13
12. SPECIAL SITUATIONS..................................... 13
12.1 Flying Objects........................................................ 13
12.2 Animals................................................................... 13
12.3 Getting Off the Road............................................. 13
12.4 Hills......................................................................... 13
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warm and dry, as well as protect you from injury. You cannot control a motorcycle well if you are numb from cold.
Riding for long periods in cold weather can cause severe
chill and fatigue. A winter jacket should resist wind and
fit snugly at the neck, wrists and waist. Good quality rain
suits designed for riding resist tearing apart or ballooning
up at high speeds.
Jacket and pants should cover your arms and legs completely. They should fit snugly, yet loosely enough to move
freely. Leather offers the most protection, but heavy denim
does an adequate job in most cases. Sturdy synthetic material provides a lot of protection as well. Wear a jacket even
in warm weather. Many jackets are designed to protect you
without getting you overheated, even on summer days.
Boots or shoes should be high enough to cover your ankles
and sturdy enough to give them support. Soles should be
made of hard, durable material. Heels should be short, so
they do not catch on rough surfaces. Tuck laces in so they
wont catch on your motorcycle.
Gloves give you a better grip and help protect your hands
in a crash. Your gloves should be made of leather or heavy
cloth.
2.2 CHECK THE MOTORCYCLE: Make a complete
check of your motorcycle before you ride.
TIRES: Check the air pressure.
FLUIDS: Oil and fuel levels. Look under the motorcycle
for signs of oil and gas leaks.
HEADLIGHT AND TAILLIGHT: Test your dimmer
switch to make sure both high and low beams are working.
TURN SIGNALS: Turn on both right and left turn signals.
Make sure all four lights flash.
BRAKE LIGHT: Try both controls and make sure each one
turns on the brake light.
CLUTCH AND THROTTLE: Make sure they work
smoothly. The throttle should snap back when you let go.
MIRRORS: Clean and adjust both mirrors before starting
out.
BRAKES: Try the front and rear brake one at a time. Make
sure each one feels firm and holds the motorcycle when
the brake is fully applied.
HORN: Make sure the horn works.
2.3 BECOME FAMILIAR WITH THE MOTORCYCLE:
Make sure you are completely familiar with the motorcycle before you take it out on the street. Over half the
motorcycle accidents occur to riders with less than six
months experience on the cycle. If you are going to use
an unfamiliar motorcycle:
KNEES: Keep your knees against the gas tank. This will
help you keep your balance as the motorcycle turns. This
is not necessary on a 3-wheel motorcycle.
FEET: Keep your feet firmly on the foot pegs to maintain balance. Dont drag your feet. If your foot catches
on something, you could lose control of the motorcycle.
Keep your feet near the controls so you can get to the
controls quickly if needed. Also, dont let your toes point
downward - they may get caught between the road and
foot peg.
BASIC 3-WHEEL VEHICLE CONTROL: Tipover lines.
It is possible when operating a 3-wheeler to have only
two wheels contacting the ground. This condition exists
whenever enough weight is transferred outside what are
known as tipover lines. The figure below illustrates the
tipover line on trikes and sidecar-equipped motorcycles.
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including the center. Unless the road is wet with rain, even
the average oily strip gives enough traction to ride safely.
Keep well behind the vehicle ahead even when you are
stopped. This will make it easier to get out of the way if
someone bears down on you from behind. It will also
give you a cushion of space if the vehicle ahead starts to
back up for some reason.
6.2 DISTANCE BEHIND: If someone tailgates you, dont
try to lose them by speeding up. Youll just end up being
tailgated at a higher speed.
A better way to handle tailgaters is to get them in front
of you. When someone is following too closely, change
lanes and let them pass. If you cant do this, slow down
and open up extra space ahead of you. This will encourage them to pass. If they dont pass, you will have given
yourself and the tailgaters more time and space to react
in case an emergency does develop.
6.3 DISTANCE TO THE SIDE: By shifting from one
portion of a lane to another you can keep a safe cushion
of space on both sides. An experienced rider changes
position within the lane as traffic conditions change. Here
are some conditions that require changes in lane position.
PASSING:
Ride in the left portion of
the lane at a safe following distance to increase
your line of sight and
make you more visible.
Signal and check for oncoming traffic. Use your
mirrors and turn your
head to look for traffic
behind.
Move into the left lane and accelerate. Select a lane
position that doesnt crowd the car you are passing and
provides space to avoid hazards in your lane.
Ride through the blind spot as quickly as possible.
S
ignal again, and complete mirror and head checks
before returning to your original lane.
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SCAN: Search aggressively ahead, to the sides and behind to avoid potential hazards. Scanning provides you
with the information you need to make your decisions
in enough time to take action.
IDENTIFY: Locate hazards and potential conflicts. The
hazards you encounter can be divided into three groups
based on how critical their effect on you may be.
Vehicles and other motorcycles: May move into your
path and increase collision impact.
Pedestrians and animals: Are unpredictable and make
short quick moves.
Stationary objects: Potholes, guard rails, bridges,
roadway signs, hedges, or rows of trees wont
move into your path, but may influence your riding
strategy.
PREDICT: Consider space and direction of a potential
hazard. Anticipating a vehicle moving away from you
is not as critical as a vehicle moving into your path.
Predict where a collision might occur. This is the What
if...? phase of SIPDE that depends on your knowledge
and experience.
DECIDE: Decide when, where, and how to act based on
types of hazards you encounter:
Single Hazard
Stationary
Multiple Hazards
Moving
EXECUTE: In high potential risk situations, such as intersections, cover the clutch and both brakes to reduce
the time you need to react. To create more space and
minimize risk from any hazard:
Communicate your presence with lights and/or horn.
Adjust your speed by accelerating, stopping or slowing.
Adjust your position and/or direction.
Most motorcycle/automobile collisions occur at intersections. An intersection can be anywhere other traffic
may cross your path of
travel. Your use of SIPDE
at intersections is critical.
Be especially alert at intersection with limited
visibility. Be aware of visually busy surroundings
that could camouflage
you and your motorcycle.
8. DANGEROUS SURFACES
Your chance of falling or being involved in a crash
increases whenever you ride across slippery surfaces,
9. RIDING AT NIGHT
At night it is harder for you to see and be seen. Other
drivers may have a hard time picking your headlight or
taillight out of the greater number of car lights around
you. To compensate you should:
REDUCE YOUR SPEED: Ride more slowly at night than
you would during the day, particularly on roads you
dont know well.
INCREASE DISTANCE: Distances are harder to judge at
night than day. Your eyes rely upon shadows and light
contrasts to judge both how far away an object is and how
fast you are approaching. These contrasts are missing
or distorted under the artificial light at night. Open up
a three-second following distance. Allow more distance
in which to pass.
USE THE CAR AHEAD: The headlights of the car ahead
can give you a better view of the road ahead than even
your high beam can. Taillights bouncing up and down
can alert you to bumps or rough pavement.
You do need to change direction, however, to cross something that runs in the same direction you are going. For
example, you may wish to cross trolley tracks, ruts in the
middle of the road, or pavement seams that run parallel
to your course.
To cross these safely, move far enough away to be able
to cross them at an angle as close to 90 degrees as possible. Then, make a quick, sharp turn across. Do not try
to edge across. The tracks or seam could catch your tires
and throw you off balance.
GROOVES AND GRATINGS: Riding over rain grooves
or metal bridge gratings will cause the motorcycle
to weave. Its an uneasy feeling, but its generally not
dangerous. Relax, stay on course, maintain speed, and
ride straight across. Trying to cross these surfaces at an
angle may reduce the uneasy feeling, but it also forces
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USE YOUR HIGH BEAM: Get all the light you can.
Use your high beam whenever you are not following
or meeting a car.
LANE POSITION: Be flexible about lane position, changing to whatever portion of the lane is best able to help
you see, be seen, and keep an adequate space cushion.
10. COLLISION AVOIDANCE
No matter how careful you are, there will be times when
you find yourself in a tight spot. Your chances of getting
out safely depend upon your ability to react quickly and
properly.
Knowing when and how to stop or swerve are two skills
critical to avoiding a collision. It is not always desirable or
possible to stop quickly to avoid an obstacle. Riders must
also be able to swerve around an obstacle. Determining
the skill necessary for the situation is important as well.
Studies show that most collision-involved riders un-
der brake the front tire and over brake the rear tire and
swerve at the same time.
10.3 RIDING A CURVE: A primary cause of singlevehicle collisions is motorcyclists running wide in a curve
or turn and colliding with the roadway or a fixed object.
Every curve is different. Be alert to whether a curve remains constant, gradually widens, gets tighter, or involves
multiple turns.
Ride within your skill level and posted speed limits.
Your best path may not always follow the curve of the
road. Change lane position depending on traffic and road
conditions. If no traffic is present, and your riding abilities
are up to it, you may choose to start at the outside of a
curve to increase your line of sight and the effective radius
of the turn. As you turn, move toward the inside of the
curve, and as you pass the center, move to the outside to
exit. For 3-wheel motorcycles, following the center of the
lane may produce the greatest tipover forces.
Another alternative is to move to the center of your lane
before entering a curve, and stay there until you exit. This
permits you to spot approaching traffic as soon as possible. You can also adjust for traffic crowding the center
line, or debris blocking part of your lane.
Keep your knees against the tank and your feet solidly
on the pegs. Let the bike move underneath you. Make
your escape route the target of your vision. Press on the
opposite handgrip, once you clear the obstacle to return
to your original direction of travel. To swerve to the left,
press left, then right to recover. To swerve to the right,
press right, then left.
Try to stay in your own lane. Change lanes only if you
have enough time to make sure there are no vehicles in
the other lane. You should be able to squeeze by most
obstacles without leaving your lane.
If braking is required, separate it from swerving. Brake
before or after, never while swerving. On a 3-wheel motorcycle, you should be leaning your body into corners
normally; this may help to avoid a rollover when swerving with an empty sidecar.
If you ride with others, you must do it in a way that promotes safety and doesnt interfere with the flow of traffic.
PASSING INFORMATION: Riders in a staggered formation should pass one at a time. First, the lead rider should
pull out and pass when it is safe. After passing, the leader
should return to the left position and continue riding at
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Part 4 Swerving
Objective: To demonstrate your ability to swerve the
outfit.
Do not touch the obstacle line or the boundaries.
Note: You must not stall the engine on any exercise.
Remember if at any time you feel an exercise is too
difficult, you may stop the testing. You, as the rider,
are aware of your abilities and your experience on the
motorcycle. The examiner is not. However, for safetys
sake, the examiner may also stop the testing if it becomes
apparent that you need more practice on the motorcycle.
Three-wheel motorcycle information was developed
through the joint cooperation of Evergreen Safety Council
and the Sidecar/Trike Education Program (S/TEP).
3 - Quick Stop
2 - Turning from a
Stop, U-turn
4 - Obstacle
Swerve
r3.0
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3 - Quick Stop
v3.0
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4 - Obstacle Swerve
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