Cody Luna AP Comp Questions For Discussion Rodriguez: 2.

Rodriguez lets us know that he has experienced this rst hand. He gives the reader a feeling of what it was like for him on the rst day of school and that helps him set up his argument that comes in later paragraphs. He writes from real life experience and helps bring out emotions with his imagery especially about his mother. 4. Rodriguez emphasizes the sound of language because different languages pronounce spelling differently and the nuns got his name wrong so he started to spell in phonetically. I think he is trying to appeal to both pathos and logos because it brings out emotion like when he is being made fun of but it also helps with his argument and sets up his logical reasoning. 8. I would say Rodriguez makes his most straightforward argument in section 4 of Aria. It is an effective because he has several paragraphs that argue for the need for a public language. He does have some assertions that are denitely very bold and radical for his time like when he claims advocates of bilingualism are foolish and certainly doomed. I still would consider it an effective argument and it should have been placed where it is because the rst sections are needed to help show his history and shape his points. 12. Since this was published in a magazine of literature, I think the audience was readers of this magazine that enjoy reading sophisticated articles and tolerant of

long reads that bring thoughts to peoples mind. An example is the length of the article being 19 pages. They seize upon the idioms of the black ghetto. Orwell: 1. Orwells thesis is Modern English, especially written English, is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. I think he actually states his thesis in the second paragraph. He was not implying it and it shows that you can have an introduction paragraph that does not need to contain the thesis. 3. Paragraph 4: Prose consists less and less ofwords chosen for the sake of their meaning, and more and more ofphrases tacked together like the sections of a prefabricated henhouse. I nd it rhetorically effective because it gives the reader a visual for the use of prose and phrases. Paragraph 5: But in between these two classes there is a huge dump of worn-out metaphors which have lost all evocative power. I dont nd it as effective as the others because it says they have lost their evocative power but it still gives the reader a visual. Paragraph 12: The writer knows more or less what he wants to say, but an accumulation of stale phrases chokes him like tea leaves blocking a sink. I think this is very effective because it shows the action of not being able to pass and that is exactly what Orwell thinks is happening with new phrases. Paragraph 15: A mass of Latin words falls upon the facts like soft snow, blurring the outlines and covering up all the details. It is effective because it is explained. Without the explanation of covering up the details it would not be effective.

Paragraph 15: When there is a gap between ones real and ones declared aims, one turns . . . instinctively to long words and exhausted idioms, like a cuttlesh squirting out ink. I dont think this is an effective metaphor because it sounds like a cuttlesh is defensive and a person is not defensive but relies on the long and exhausted idioms. Paragraph 16: He . . . feels, presumably, that he has something new to sayand yet his words, like cavalry horses answering the bugle, group themselves automatically into the familiar dreary pattern. It isnt as effective as others because it is more complicated and a bigger bridge of the two things being compared. 10. Orwell identies four faults. Those four faults are dying metaphors, operators or verbal false limbs, pretentious diction, and meaningless words. In paragraph 16, Orwell writes, Look back through this essay, and for certain you will nd that I have again and again committed the very faults that I am protesting against. In paragraphs 8 and 16, he uses phrases like tie down to and on guard against them, which are metaphors. He uses phrases like people who should and do know better and from time to time in paragraph 16 and 19. Thiongo: 2. People used to tell stories. A story could be retold by a different person and be more entertaining by the different words they used. The differences really came out in the use of words and images and the inexion of voices to effect different tones. Since the words could change stories for the better, people learned to value them for their meaning because it would change how good the story turned out.

7. The three aspects or elements of language as communication and language as culture are: the relations people enter into with one another in the labour process, the links they necessarily establish among themselves in the act of a people, a community of human beings, producing wealth or means of life like food, clothing, houses. The second is speech and it imitates the language of real life, that is communication in production. The third aspect is the written sings imitate the spoken word. 10. Ngugis writing of Decolonising the Mind appeals to logos. He is constantly using words and phrases that have came out of logic or reasoning. The words he uses are therefore, thus, and which. The answer to number three is a perfect example of logic used in the passage. He also uses cause and effect with logic, like in paragraph 9 when he shows that since English was the dominating language, it was extremely humiliating to be caught speaking Gikuyu in the school.