Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences Quetta

BUITEMS

Quality & Excellence in Education

Lab report: Submitted to: Prepared by: Group # 4 No (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Names

Mine ventilation Mining Engineering Department of UET Lahore Students of Mining Engineering Department BUITEMS Quetta

CMS 5714 5749 5703 4444 10559 8911 9671 10837

Nouman Rahim Saqib Ajmair Khushal Zeb Fazal ullah Ijaz-ul-haq Kausar Sultan shah Naeem Abas M.Ejaz rasheed

Acknowledgment We are very grateful to UET Lahore for giving us the chance of performing practical lab work in such a friendly and learning environment. We would like to pay thanks to Engr. -------- and our organizer Engr.-------------- for their help and cooperation throughout the week. We would also like to thanks Engr.--------------, Engr. -------------, Engr. ----------------- and Engr.----------------- for giving us the great learning time and helping us in performing practical work at UET Lahore. We are very grateful and thankful from core of our hearts to all of them for so supporting and helpful to us with so polite and friendly attitude.

Preface In order to be competitive in the world of engineering, in order to get strong grip on theoretical knowledge, An Engineer should have practical exposure. Theoretical knowledge and practical experience are two different modes of knowledge. In order to see practical implementation of theoretical knowledge in laboratories is the best place. Performing practical work in disciplined organization like UET Lahore is a great honor for us. UET is one of the most modern university in Pakistan which labs. Are, equipped with latest machinery. During at UET we gain a lot of knowledge about practical engineering work. We tried our best to gain as much knowledge as we can in a week. The way UET treated us is more than appreciation.

Mine ventilation

List of experiments: Experiment# 01 Determination of inlet by using Traversing Pitot tube Experiment#02 To measure the velocity of air by using vane anenometer Experiment#03 Calibration of anenometer Experiment#04 To measure the relative humidity of air using sling psychomotor. Experiment#5 Determination of the effect of miss alignment of pitot static tube an air stream (velocity pressure variation with an angle of yaw) Experiment#06 To determine the effect of miss alignment of a pitot static tube an air stream (static pressure variation with an angle of yaw). Experiment#07 Digital gas detectors

Experiment#08 To measure the dust concentration in AMBIANT air by using KANOMAX (model: 3421) digital Dust monitor

Experiment#09 To determine the effect of miss-alignments of an anenometer to an angle of yaw

Experiment#01 To determine the inlet by using the traversing pitot static tube

Applications It is used to determine the direction of air. It is used to measure a velocity. The accuracy should be 1. EQUIPMENT: 1. Mine ventilation educators 2. Manometer

Procedure: A range of volume flow rates are set up using the resistance screens singly or in combinations. First with one fan only running and for higher flows with fan no 1. In this case we repeat different resistances inside the educator with following mesh. 1st of all there are no resistance 2ndly the resistance of 8 mesh, 3rdly the resistance of 16 mash, and the last of 36 mash. With increase in the resistance the air speed decreases.

Atmospheric pressure =744mmHg Atmospheric temperature=25C0 S. No Mesh No # * 1 2 3 4 * 0mesh 8mesh 16mesh 36mesh Pi (Pa) * 36 33 30 22 Pitot Static Reading PV(Pa) 136 mm 25 20 20 11 106 mm 32 30 29 18 52 mm 34 32 27 15 -52 mm 36 30 25 16 -106 mm 35 31 27 18 -136 mm 28 20 19 12 Mean PV PV (Pa) * 31.7 24.5 18.7 * 35 28 16

27.16 31

Experiment # 2 Objective: To measure velocity of air by using vane anenometer Apparatus: The apparatus is vane anemometer. It consists of a dial which gives distance. It has 3-scale, the total distance of the first one is 100ft, second one is 1000ft and the third one is 10000ft. and stopwatch which to calculate the specific time for measuring the velocity of air.
S.NO START TIME (Sec) END TIME (SEC) DISTANCE (ft) VELOCITY V=d/t m/sec

48.4

400
5.847

70

455

6.5

Experiment # 03 Objective: To measure velocity of air by using vane anemometer Apparatus: The apparatus is vane anemometer. It consists of a dial which gives distance. It has 3 scales the 1st drives total distance of 100ft, and the 3rd one gives total distance of 10000 ft. Firstly we had vane-anemometer and stop watch for this experiment. We utilize that instrument for the purpose of measuring the velocity of air. We put vane-anemometer against the air in opposite direction and the movement of air exerted force at the propellers of vane anemometer and with the help of stop watch use measure the time accurately and the velocity of air can be measured on the vane anemometer reading.
Table s. no 1 2 Start time (sec) 0 0 End time (sec) 48.4 70 Distance (ft) 400 455 Velocity ft/sec 5.847 6.5

Experiment # 04: To measure the relative humidity of air using sling psychomotor. Apparatus: Sling psychomotor Theory: Humidity the no of gram of water in 100g of air is called humidity. The relative humidity: It is the ratio between partial pressure of water vapour in the mixture to the saturated vapour pressure of water at prescribed temperature.
Relative humidity=partial pressure of water vapour/saturated vapour pressure* 100

It is expressed as a % if the relative humidity is very low inside the mine then it extracted humidity from our body and eyes, which produced skin burn. Inside the mine the humidity should not be less than 25% and never exceed to 60%. Dry bulb temperature: Temperature of air measured by a thermometer freely exposed to the air but shielded from radiation and moisture. Wet bulb temperature: The lowest temperature and object may be cooled to be the process of evaporation it is read directly from wet bulb.

Measurement: 1st we dipped the wet bulb thermometer in water and then rotate it the time interval is measured by stop watch. Then find the point on the sling

psychomotor at which the dry bulb temperature become parallel to the wet bulb temperature which gives relative humidity. Result: The relative humidity of air is 45%

Experiment#05 To calibrate anemometer or Anemometer calibration Apparatus: Mine ventilation Educator, anemometer Related theory: Anemometer is a device to measure the direction and speed of wind/air. This experiment is performed with the help of educator. Calculations: To find the velocity by velocity pressure (Pv) PV=1/2 V2 Here = density of fluid PV=velocity pressure V=velocity of air T= temperature =barometric pressure =0.4627/ (273+t) In this case the value of velocity is called true velocity and then to find the velocity of air by anemometer. This velocity is less accurate which have some errors which will be eliminated Calculation for true velocity of air Pv=1/2v2 . (1) =0.4627/ (273+t) =.4627*742.9/273+24.5

=1.15 From equation 1, v= (2pv/) 1/2 V1= (2*49.3/1.15)1/2 = 9.2 V2= (2*34.6/1.15)1/2 = 7.2 Similarly V3= 5.8

Anemometer Celebrations
S.NO Velocity pressure pv, pa 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 32 32 30 30 30 30 20 20 20 49 49 50 35 34 36 24 22 22 Anemometer counts start 800 800 800 500 800 400 0 700 1000 800 900 900 100 100 800 900 800 700 Stop 1300 1400 1300 1000 1300 900 400 1100 1400 1400 1500 1500 500 500 1200 1300 1200 1100 Lapse time Mean velocity va Mean pv True air velocity V0

69 69.1 69.1 71.2 70.4 70.5 69.6 69.7 69.8 68 68.2 68.2 66.2 66.1 64.96 62.2 62.05 62.9

7.28

31.3

7.36

7.06

30

7.2

5.73

20

5.88

8.9

49.3

9.23

6.08

53

5.65

Experiment#06 Yaw of pitot static tube (this is for experiment # 05 & experiment # 06) To determine the effect of miss alignment (yaw) of a pitot static tube to an air stream (Velocity pressure variation with an angle of yaw) Apparatus: Mine ventilation educators, pitot static tube and manometer Related theory: Angle of yaw: it is the angle b/w axis of instrument (pitot static tube) and the mean velocity of air stream. Pitot static tube: It is an instrument which is used to find the speed of air, static pressure and the velocity pressure of air stream. It has to consecutive tube, one static which consists of perforated and while the second end is directly open tube. When the perforated tube is connected to ive end of manometer. It is used to measure static pressure while the open end is connected to the +ive end to the manometer then it will gives the velocity pressure. Manometer: It is an instrument which is used to measure the air pressure. It has two limbs one is +ive and the other is ive. Procedure: First we check the room temperature and pressure and then find different values for different angles from -450 to +450.after that finding the

value of PV of manometer. In this case connected the +ive end of manometer with direct opening of pitot static tube then find the different values and plot the graph by taking along axis while PV/Pv0 on y axis. At last find the value of (1- PV/Pv0)*100= % Velocity pressure variation with angle of Yaw: Atmospheric temperature =26C0 Atmospheric pressure=744.8mmHg Inlet pressure drop=100pa, Pv0 =110
Angle of yaw Velocity (Degree) pressure Pv0(pa) 0 110 5 107 10 105 15 103 20 100 25 97 30 95 35 85 40 65 45 45 0 110 -5 107 -10 105 -15 103 -20 93 -25 85 -30 70 -35 60 -40 25 -45 110 0 110 Ps/Ps0 (1- Ps/Ps0)*100 %age 0 3 5 7 10 12 14 23 41 60 0 3 5 7 16 23 37 46 64 78 0

1 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.77 0.59 0.40 1 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.84 .77 0.63 0.54 0.36 0.22 1

Experiment#07 To determine the effect of miss alignment of pitot static tube to an air stream (static pressure, variation with angle of yaw) Apparatus: Mine ventilation Educator, anemometer Related theory:

Angle of yaw: it is the angle b/w axis of instrument (pitot static tube) and the mean velocity of air stream. Pitot static tube: It is an instrument which is used to find the speed of air, static pressure and the velocity pressure of air stream. It has to consecutive tube, one static which consists of perforated and while the second end is directly open tube. When the perforated tube is connected to ive end of manometer. It is used to measure static pressure while the open end is connected to the +ive end to the manometer then it will gives the velocity pressure. Manometer: It is an instrument which is used to measure the air pressure. It has two limbs one is +ive and the other is ive. Procedure: First we check the room temperature and pressure and then find different values for different angles from -450 to +450.after that finding the value of Ps of manometer. In this case the ive terminal of manometer is connected with direct opening of pitot static tube then plot a graph by taking along X-axis while Ps/Ps0 along Y-axis at last find (1- Ps/Ps0)*100=% Static pressure variation with angle of Yaw Atmospheric temperature =26C0 Atmospheric pressure=244.8mmHg Inlet pressure drop=100pa, Ps0=285
Angle of yaw Static pressure (Degree) (ps0) 0 285 5 290 Ps/Ps0 1 1.01 0 -1 (2- Ps/Ps0)*100 %age

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 0

295 300 305 312 312 315 320 325 285 280 305 305 305 310 320 330 340 345 285

1.03 1.05 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.1 1.12 1.14 1 0.98 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.12 1.15 1.19 1.12 1

-3 -5 -7 -8 -8 -10 -12 -14 -0 2 -7 -7 -7 -8 -12 -15 -19 -21 0

Experiment#08 To study the dust concentration an ambient air by using kanomax (model: 3421) digital dust monitor. Apparatus: Aerosol monitor/ kanomax (model 3421), digital dust monitor Procedure:

In this experiment first of all we do cleaning or zero adjacent, open the out let pore and filter, which clean the lens indicated by red light on the zero adjustment. Then celebrate the instrument. The calibration should be 971cpm. Our calibration is 988 which are nearly equal to the standard calibration 971cpm.

Result: The dust content in room is 49cpm for I minute or .049mg for one minute.

Experiment#09 Measurement of quantity of gases with the help of Digital gas detectors Theory: Digital gas detectors are used to measure the concentration of gases. (1) TWA (time weighted average is a value).its allowable limits is 8 hrs means a person do work with in mine for eight hours.

(2) STEL (short term limit exposure) .its allowable limit 15 minute. (3) TLV-C (threshold limit value-ceiling value) CO-digital detector: The instrument used is CO-91 (a) CO is colorless, odorless, tasteless, toxic and flammable. It is also called white damp. Its explosive range is (12.5-74%). It is 300 times more reactive than O2 with hemoglobin. So it prevents O2 to react with hemoglobin in blood. A co reacts with hemoglobin. TWA value is 50ppm STEL value is 400ppm it should not exceed then that value TLV-C value is 200ppm (points per million)

(2) H2S Detector: It is also called stink damp, it is pungent, colorless and toxic Its explosive range is 4-44% TWL value is 10ppm STEL value is 15ppm TLV-C value is 300ppm

(4) O2 detector: O2 should not less than 19.3%