COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION UNIT 2007 ANNUAL REPORT

Udum community meeting during the water study survey

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
International Aid services is a relief and development Non governmental
organization founded in 1989 with the purpose of assisting the people in
need. IAS in Sudan operates and implements programmes in South Sudan,
Southern Kordofan, West and south Darfur with focus on water and
sanitation, education, Food security, health and community development.
This report represents part of South Sudan in particular it highlights
programme interventions in Northern Bahr-el-ghazal, Central and western
Equatoria states.

1. INTRODUCTION
The people of South Sudan suffered a great deal during the time of Africa’s
longest war between the Government of Sudan and Sudan peoples
Liberation army. During 21 years in which period many lives were lost,
property and massive displacement. Today with signing of the
comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) 0n January -9 2005, has brought
positive changes in South Sudan the security has improved giving
opportunities for International, government and NGO, s to carry out
interventions in the country that has been left in ruins, most of the asylum
seekers in the neighbouring Countries and those in the Diaspora have tried
to come back to their ancestral land for settlement and reconstruction of
their homes. While the government has instituted structures and systems
in place, laws and policies are being formulated. Markets being opened
with neighbouring Countries like Kenya, DR. Congo, Uganda, and central
Africa. And freedom of movement within South Sudan and North especially
Northern Bahr-el-ghazal. Where all goods and supplies come from
Khartoum. Road net works connecting Me ram to Aweil Town, Aweil East to
Aweil North and Aweil West Counties is in progress when Bridges on Rivers
Akuem ,Lol and Chel are constructed it is hoped that IAS can reach to the
operation areas that tend to be inaccessible from June to October every
year will improve. This year Northern Bahr-el-ghazal experienced a lot of
rainfall that led to floods especially in Aweil East and parts of Aweil North
and West it displaced a lot of families and destroyed crops of which Watliet
village empowerment project lost whole rice field cultivated and other
house holds in the vicinity. People have resorted to fishing as an
alternative coping mechanism.

Northern Bahr-el-ghazal is heavily populated with an estimated population

of 4000 million people (Men & Women)
Northern Bahr-el-ghazal is inhabited by mainly the Dinka ethinic Group,
few IDPS of Darfur are locally integrated within the residents of Aweil
Counties. Few of the population is Christians mainly women, children and
the elderly, while majority of the residents are animist but with the Bible
School training more local church leaders tend to grow (SPC,ECS and
Catholics),through the evangelism and Christian ministries out reach

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programme it is assumed that peoples spiritual and social lives will
change.
The Dinka ethinic group in Pastoralist and cattle Keepers and there
livelihood in entirely depend on livestock that got lost during the war that
has left most families below poverty level as such introduction of other
development, and the strong cultural ties and bondage, that makes it
challenging it is assumed through the continues sensitization campaigns
attitudes and cultural transformation will impact.

Central and Western Equatoria

While in 2007 the security in Equatoria improved with the on set of the
peace negotiations between Government of Uganda and the Lords
resistance army (LRA) meditated by the Government of South Sudan, this
peace has facilitated free movement between Equatoria to Lakes state and
the neighbouring Countries like Uganda on which South Sudan has been
depend on goods and services, This has given room to investors .Due to
these opportunities road networks have been opened as the demining
NGO,s cleared most of the roads of Juba-Yei, Yei-Kaya, Yei- Rumbek Yei-
Maridi due to heavy traffic in South Sudan, heavy rainfalls of 2007
rendered the roads inaccessible it requires constant maintenance and
repairs of the roads. The states and individual families have impacted on
rehabilitation of their infrastructure that is evidenced in Juba and other
states
The traders are able to acquire goods from North Sudan and Uganda, D.R.
Congo and central Africa. The government has put systems and structures
at place for example at State and GOSS (Government of South Sudan) to
Payam level being responsible for the grass root for easy coordination as
Sudan is a vast Country. Most returnees have been repatriated to their
cradle land and trying to settle down. UNHCR and other International
NGO,s have tried to improve the infrastructure and social services like
provision of safe water, schools health centres, conflict transformation
/Peace education, Capacity building and community empowerment ,civil
education. At the moment the government capacity is in adequate to fulfil
the needs of all her citizens.
The population of the target intervention is estimated number of 5000
million (no proper statistics) until after the population census.

The ethinic group of Equatoria are Kakwa, Pajulu, Zande, Muru, Mundu
Avukaya, Bari, Kaliko, Nyagbara, Mundari, Kuku a number of who are
commonly referred to as Bari Speakers except the Zande and the Muru.
Most of this mentioned ethinic groups are agriculturalist, with few traders
while few elites are absorbed in labour working force .The Mundari are
pastoralists and have livestock in terms of food security Equatoria rainfall
pattern is good with two seasons for agriculture and production. That
makes the area have good food basket that spells over to the other parts
of the Country. While the other ethinic groups have limited number of
livestock ranging from few herds of cattle to ruminants.

The community development approaches and involvement of the

beneficiaries is applied in all IAS interventions and projects with hope of
building and empowering the capacities of the local authorities and the

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entire communities to become self reliant and motivated to continue the
process of sustainable development as a long term process and strategy.

1.2 Problem analysis

.
International Aid Services operations in South Sudan from 1989 to 2005
has mainly concentrated on providing access to social services without
fully involvement of the beneficiary community in planning, designing, and
implementation. That led the beneficiary community not to assume
ownership and sustainable development. This approach created high
dependency syndrome of the communities on external support
undermining their own potentials and tapping in local resource. With the
changes brought about by the CPA there in need to involve the community
to become more accountable and responsible in their development.
(a) This resulted from lessons learnt in the project interventions in South
Sudan, with increasing access and improving quality of basic services
it seeks to actively strengthen the communities with IAS policy on
“Integrated Community Empowerment programme (ICEP)” developed
in 2000 which advocates for the empowering of the communities to
meet their own needs. Through the years of working with the
communities in Sudan .IAS recognizes the great need to promote self-
reliance of the community while fostering sustainable recovery and
community empowerment and local capacity is a long process, labour
intensive process as it is transformation and attitude change among
the communities of South Sudan.
(b) The main causes of the problem is due to prolonged in surgency
where by interventions carried out have been that of relief nature that
increased the dependency among the beneficiary community who did
not use their potentials, resources within their localities and thinking
that development initiatives had to come from out side and therefore
a state of inferiority and antagonizing ones capacity and dignity to
plan, implement, their own activities and decision making process
leading to poverty.
(c) Massive displacement of the population of South Sudan as the effect
of the war. That destroyed all social community structures and proper
socialization process some children took refuge without being in
company of adults others lost their parents and had to look for
survival without being trained on life skills, or proper education
background.
(d)Poor hygiene practices and behaviours , lack of knowledge on water
and environmental sanitation leading to health hazards for example
how water / food gets contaminated and the consequeses.
(e) Lack of knowledge on gender equality as a fundamental development
concern.
(f) The returnees have come home barely with any thing tangible, their is
need to mobilize the communities into viable associations where they
can pull the meagre resources together to improve there livelihoods.
(g)Due all the problems above the community have stayed in a state of
poverty, high illiteracy and ignorance that needs to be addressed
jointly by encouraging the communities towards cultural
transformation and understanding their roles and responsibilities in
sustainable development and decision making process.

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1. PROGRAMME DESCRIPTION

The community mobilization unit established a 12 member team to

implement and this act as a focal point for the identification, training and
follow-up of IAS work with the local partners as agencies and communities’
possible opportunities to collaborate with the other sectors.
The community mobilization liaised with local authorities and carried out
massive sensitization campaigns to local authorities and communities on
introducing new shift within organization intervention and strategy
towards working through local partners. The team also carried out the
Participatory Rural appraisal (PRA) to give the local partners a better
understanding of their environment to identify their needs/ priorities and
roles in development strengthen the community existing structures and
establishment of the Community structures (PTA, Water management
committees, VDC,s, CBO,s, women and youth groups to implement the
community projects, Monitor the use of the Village grants and 20 VEP
Progress, the performance of the sector- specific committees village
projects

2.0 Overall objective of the sector

To reduce prevalence and severity of poverty amongst conflict affected
rural households across Sudan by achieving tangible improvements at the
community and local authority level. through building the capacity of
target communities village development committees (VDC,s) , sector
specific management committees (water management committees,
Parents teachers association (PTA) community based organizations
(CBO,s) and women and youth groups so as to enable them to plan,
implement, manage and maintain community development projects in a
sustainable way.

2.1Target Group
IAS interventions and Mission is” to save lives, promote self reliance and
dignity and enable people to invest in their future, regardless of race
,creed, gender or nationality of the receipt” which does not discriminate
against any humanity it offers services to all those in need. About 7000
million people in both Northern Barh el ghazal, Central and Western
Equatoria, benefit from IAS interventions. The community mobilization unit
encourages and empowers the different communities of South Sudan to
towards sustainable recovery It includes the residents, Internal displaced
persons (IDP) and the returnees that have returned home through organize
repatriation or individual voluntary repatriation from neighbouring
countries or North Sudan after peace has eventually returned to South
Sudan.
Gender equality is strongly encouraged in all the activities and
programmes carried out by IAS as the organization realises that
poverty eradication and sustainable development can only be
achieved through involvement and participation of both men and
women in the development process.
.
2.2 Project Activities

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In both states the CMU has continued to work jointly in the sectors of
water and sanitation, education, food income security in Northern Bahr-el-
ghazal, and in Equatoria mainly operating in central and Western
Equatoria ,in sectors of water and sanitation, where as in Kajokeji and
Lainya where IAS Local partner CWAP implements drilling while CMU
mobilises the community, establishes water management committees,
trains and encourage hygiene and environmental promotion through
awareness raising, Food income security in Western Equatoria in Maridi
implemented by IAS Local partner RAAH ,and ECS-Diocese of
Maridi,education in Mundri by IAS Local partner SPC-Mundri. Monitoring
financial management and the performance of the 20 village development
committees in using the 200,000 USD grants for the 20 (6 BEG & 14EQT)
village empowerment projects implementation of 10,000USD per village.
Through community sensitization meetings and campaigns, introduction of
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) that helps in identification, and
prioritization of their needs, resources local available ,roles and
responsibilities of each involved stakeholder, importance of gender
equity, planning building the capacity of the village development
committee to manage their projects in a sustainable manner.
Training the and building the capacity of the CMU staff so as impart more
knowledge and skills to be able to guide the grass root communities.

Project title
Sustainable recovery and community empowerment project, South Sudan.

Project Purpose
This project will enhance communities’ capacity, and empowerment
through fully involvement and participation of the communities in
designing, planning, implementation and management towards
sustainable development with the hope of becoming selling

2.3 Activities undertaken

Although the community mobilization unit has been established due to the
nature of the work there in need for the CMU to receive additional
knowledge and skills in order to help build the capacity of the grass root
communities to plan, implement development initiatives.
• During the year the community mobilization unit had 2 trainings
workshops one was a refresher course carried out in Yei field office
scheduled Jan-8-12-2007, facilitated by IAS staff by (Programme
assistant, Area development officer, Community development
coordinator and CCM Aweil East County.)Its purpose was
a) Review 2006 activities
b) Project implementation and management
c) Work plan and budgeting
d) Report writing
e) Monitoring and Evaluation (at organizational level and CBM&E)
f) Environmental conservation
g) Way forward.
• The second training workshop was scheduled from Oct-23-
5Nov.2007, venue was IAS Khartoum office it had 13 participants all

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 CCM, ACCM, CDC and senior programme officer, and Program
assistant.

Objectives of the workshop

• To have better understanding of IAS/Sudan programme, mandate,
vision and policies.
• Have presented clear strategy for 2008-2009
• Be equipped with more on community development, in particular
data collection, M&E and financial management.
The training draw all the CMU staff the first phase of the training was
internal facilitated by the Programme office and community development
coordinator, while the second phase was facilitated by the external
consultant from CORAT Africa.
My gratitude to Khartoum office for facilitating the workshop and making it
successful, and would like to comment the CCM,s for the commitment and
the achievements made ,where there are weaknesses to improve through
the sharing and making use of all the additional skills and knowledge
acquired.

Course Content
• Presentations of the field activities by individual CCM,
• Summary of experiences/ way forward
• Review of 2006-2007 Way forward (SIDA funded)
• Strategies and approaches for 2008
• Resource allocation
• Review of village project activities /way forward (SMC funded)
• Logical framework of all activities by office
• PRA tools
• Project cycle management (overview)
• Organizational Financial management
• M&E (Data analysis, Report writing,
• M and E impact analysis
• Group Dynamics
• Over view of cross cutting issues
• Approaches for integration of cross cutting issues

2) Establishment of the 20 (120 members )Village development

committees (VDC) responsible for the implementation of the village
projects, financial management and accounting, coordination of the
application for the 10,000USDgrants from IAS Sudan, mobilization of the
communities towards their contribution in kind or cash, and the steering
committee(SC) 0f 6 members each per village project , assists the VDC
PRA,s ,appraise and evaluate project proposals ,monitor implementation
progress/accountability of requirements, act as a mediator in case of any
disputes .e.g. a member of Kolakon VDC made to recover the groups
money that he had mis- managed.
Carried out 60 training workshops for the VDC four-five days per training,
phase I-phase II, and a sector specific depending on the project ,this phase
I and Phase II workshops are mainly on Leadership, communication,

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project management ,proposal writing ,financial management ,report
writing Community based-M&E). While sector specific depend on project
type (e.g. brick making and laying for Medewu school construction,
operating a grinding mill, changing oil and servicing) .

Rolngut VDC Aweil North Amudho VDC Aweil West

Community mobilization Water and Sanitation

The community mobilization unit sector has been carrying out intensive
campaigns towards proper utilization and management of the water points
both the storage at house hold level and the general sanitation at the
water points, most established water management committees and the
local authorities do not assume responsibilities over the water points, and
the line Ministry responsible for the follow-up of the water management
community do not fulfil their mandate as the government although a lot of
discussions are held with them they do not seem to implement what has
been discussed in the coordination meetings.
In order to achieve the sustainability of the maintenance and operations of
bore holes and improved hygiene, all the stakeholders have to play their
roles .It is assumed with the strategies laid in place and the continuous
mobilization and sensitization that the beneficiary communities will
improve especially Northern Bahr-el-ghazal and some villages of Central
and Western Equatoria.
During the year the CMU carried out the following tasks:
• Establishment of 102 water management committees in both
Northern Bahr-el-ghazal and Equatoria states. Out of this 6
committees are for VEP (4 BEG and 2 Maridi, 18 CWAP in
Lainya/Kajokeji counties,3 GAIN, and the 84 committees are for
EED;SIDA;USAID supported boreholes while others are for
replacement of non performing water management committees.
• Water management committees training as a strategy to improve
sustainability of water management and have abetter understanding
of hazards of poor management of water, and how water gets
contaminated and the relationship between water and poor
sanitation and practices and behaviours leading to poor health. This
water management committees are 6 members per water point
and the local leaders and chiefs of every water point were trained, in
24(13 BEG &10 EQT.) training workshops of two days each,
Course Content
• Composition, Roles, Functions of Individual members.

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 • Qualities of a good water source and sanitation Committee( WSSC)
• Hygiene education, personal hygiene, food hygiene, and environmental
hygiene, safe water chain.
• Relationships between water management committee, Water and sanitation
Rural Department, NGO, s and Local authorities in water management.
• Community organization and mobilization skills.
• Common defects in protected water sources and how they are rectified.
• Relationship between Water and sanitation and how likely hazards occur
• Establishment of water source maintenance fund
• Organization of effective committee/ community meetings
• An ideal home stead ( Posters and stories)(Refer to training annex)

In some training the hygiene education topics are incorporated in the

water management committee training, while in other instances there
are separate trainings carried out. In order to have an impact in the
future trainings we hope to separate the trainings because most of the
grass root communities are lowly leant therefore can not absorb a lot of
inputs of the trainings at one time
.
Health education

As health education deals with behaviour change, harmful practices

and cultural beliefs that are detrimental to health this is a process and
an ongoing activity, therefore the CMU and water staff have been
jointly reaching to the various communities across Sudan where IAS
intervention are located in every community meetings ,there is a
dialogue with the communities and about 4000 people have been
reached in various forums, (water committee, VDC,s ,Parents Teachers
Association (PTA) , School management committees , Church leaders ,
school children and teachers).
During the year 12 Hygiene and environmental sanitation training
workshops have been carried out mainly in Maridi, Yei counties as
indicated in other counties it is main streamlined in water management
trainings as the targeted participants are the same.
Topics discussed
• Drinking safe water and observation of safe water chain from source to mouth.
• Safe Excreta disposal
• Improved personal, and food hygiene.
• Hand washing before eating/ handling any food, and after use of a latrine.
• Vector control

• Safe disposal and waste management.

• An ideal home stead

• Water point visits to access the environmental sanitation, and mobilize the communities
to fence their boreholes and monitor the performance of the water management
committees.

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Water Study survey
The purpose of the study was to provide an understanding of existing and potential water
sources and sustainable water resource management strategy that can be implemented and
maintained by the community.
This study was carried out in Aweil East county in six (6) selected villages( Rumaleu, Odum,
Rolbak, Makwach, Makuei, Rumathoi), and three (3)villages in Aweil west county ( Akekrot,
Pariang, Marialadot) scheduled from Nov.5-19 2007 it was done in two fold first the CMU visited
the villages to prepare them to understand the importance of the water study survey and obtain
the historical profiles ,rainfall patterns from the selected villages, the main water sources uses
and the types ,GPS coordinates of the water sources ,the number of house holds using the
water points ,the sustainability and the management of water points, Reports of the preliminary
findings was compiled and circulated.
The second phase of the water study survey was done by the Consultant from Germany and
accompanied by, Programme Assistant and joined by the Senior Administrator, Administrator
South Sudan, Project coordinators of water, community development, education and County
community mobilizers of Aweil East and West to whom a credit goes for the well done work in
preparing the communities before the consultant came for the study, Khartoum office and
Akweum and Marialbai field offices for the facilitation and logistical support that commenced
from Nov 24-Dec-2.( For details refer to CMU Reports for the water study) Below are some of
the sources of water used by the
Below are some villages that do not have safe water and it poses dangers to
the health of this villages in Aweil East county., who share the bore holes in
the neighbourhood of Rolbak, Rumaaleu part of the water study survey.

Matiang village searching water Ropkoo village searching

water

Gender awareness and Advocacy

Gender awareness/ Advocacy and HIV/AIDS are crosscutting issues in all the
IAS interventions as an organization attaches a lot of importance to both
men and women being involved in all our programmes and impacts and

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benefits going to both men and women as our mission are “saving lives “of
humanity regardless of their Nationality and gender.
The activities carried out is awareness and sensitization, to the mass as the
community sees the importance of joint participation the negative attitudes
towards women especially in northern Bahr-ghazal is changing as observed in
women participation in the village empowerment projects that are women
initiatated have been successfully.
The biggest challenge realized is the retention of girls to complete there
school to the highest level and getting equal opportunities, and improved
standards of living.
During the year eight (9) training workshops were carried out with the
Christian Ministry Marialbai project leader and the CMU, the remaining
workshops could not be done due to floods that made some areas
inaccessible and delays of training funds.
Maridi field office carried out one gender awareness/Advocacy training from
Dec.13-15 in Mobilindi Archdeaconry that draw 21 participants although 30
were invited the participants included (2 Teachers,2 pupils,5 PTA ,4 mothers
union members,6 VDC, 2 Chief/Sub chiefs Refer to annex I training summary)

Gender sensitization /Advocacy Course Content

• Definition of gender Equality
• Gender roles
• Gender and development
• Cultural barriers to gender and development (Group discussions)
• Way forward / Community Action

Girl Child education

• Importance of education to girls / boys
• Causes of drop out of girls
• Effects of drop out for boys , girls, parents
• Solutions for drop out.
• Way forward / Community action.

HIV and AIDS

• What AIDS is?
• Modes/ Non modes of transmit ion
• Preventive measures
• Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and its operational centers.
• Risk and harmful behaviors that can lead to acquisition of HIV and AIDS.

HIV and AIDS is a big treat to all the families and societies as it has deprived many people
and is a cause of poverty in the South of Sub Saharan desert as most bread winners perish
and there is increased number of orphans that have no help as families are headed by
siblings and elderly or parents of the deceased.
It is associated with gender because most women are infected without knowing a lot of
facts about, HIV and AIDS, while other have no decision and control over their bodies.

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 Under this programme it’s mainly awareness and sensitization to school children and the
communities that IAS interacts with (See Annex of training).
In the workshops most communities have appreciated the workshop and requested more to be carried out
for the youths for total transformation.
The school out reach programmes by the 2 Gender community assistance(GCA) of Aweil North and Aweil
West have been very encouraging during six last months of the year (May-December) the GCA visited
11 (3 Aweil North & 8Aweil West ) and talked to the teachers and pupils 16 teachers, 3,114 pupils (2161
boys& 955 girls),few schools are benefiting from the female teachers trained by Warallel teacher training
Institute act as senior women teachers and act as role models for the girl child education, adding to myself
and Grace Anyango whom the girls also see as role models.
Topics Discussed
• Benefits of girls education (improved family health of educated women/men)
• Improved standard of living
• People are aware of their rights /future

Village Empowerment Projects

The village empowerment projects has been in it second year of
implementation of the projects that was the most demanding for both IAS
project staff and the village development committee and the steering
committee s that are directly involved in the project implementation.
While IAS represented by the Programme office, CMU sector specific project
coordinators played the technical, and monitoring role in the use of the ten
thousand 10,000USD grants.
Of the 20 VEP most of the groups accounted well for their money and there is
great value attached to the use of the money of the completed stages of the
project except Kulumjame farmers association in Yei, failed to achieve
planned goal due members not being serious despite the advice from
CMU/project Coordinator Yei field office, While Aweil East (Watliet women’s
group worked tirelessly with the CMU but due to the flood lost the whole
projects and the projects are in different stages as for now below are two
projects at the current stages, of harvesting and processing while Mbara
installation of the grinding mill delayed due lack of flexibility of the 2 VDC,s of
Okari and Mbara where they required grinding machines from North Sudan
without understanding expenses incurred in logistics from North Sudan.
The activities carried out in the year included:
• Training all the 20 village development committees, and 20 steering
committees in all the three phases of the training in order to equip
them with knowledge on their roles as VDC,s implementation
strategies’ of the VEP by the beneficiaries, financial procedures to be
followed by the VDC,s and progress reporting format for both narrative
and financial reports.
• Disbursement of the first instalment to the 10 village projects form
March-April2007 a total amount of 29,000USd to (6BEG Ayiothiop,
Watliet, Rolngut, Kalakon ,Amudho, Achoro) and (4 EQT.Medewu,
Modubai,Nzumara,Kwanga)
• Maridi projects of Kwanga, and Nzumara have completed their
5000USD for the grinding mills, only waiting the and the for 2VDC bore
holes to be drilled, the money for drilling has been sent to Maridi since
June and there has been a lot of delays in drilling the bore holes once
completed it will add up to 10,000USD grant per village.

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• While the 3 VDC boreholes in BEG of Ayitrhiop/Watliet of Aweil East are
drilled and installed and functional,these two projects Ayiothiop has
harvested good groundnuts a total of about 1444 bags of groundnuts,
only watliet has benefited VDC water which they plan to use for
vegetable growing using there own savings from the sale of vegetable.
The 2 groups have been small balances to spent to add up 10,000USD,
• Rolngut VDC borehole in Aweil North has been installed and functional,
the second project of the rice growing is in its final stage of harvesting
as below.
• Aweil County (Achoro) Vegetable growing planted the first vegetables
and sold in the local markets within Mayom in Ayat East payam, while
the group is already raising nurseries for the dry season growing, but
due to lack of water for watering it is not very encouraging, Achoro
borehole drilling failed due to inaccessibility to the area when the
drilling team resumed in October the polymer substance was lacking to
facilitate the drilling I hope it will meet the priority in 2008 operation.
• Yei County VEP:
Girili multi purpose farmers association currently harvesting the maize, the
group has plans of identifying a salesman and store keeper. While the
beans groundnuts shall be harvested towards end of December 2007.Main
challenges faced by the group has been vermin/wild animals, pests and
diseases which the group mitigated through hire of the 2 watchman to
guide their crops.
Poor crop yields have been associated to late planting due late realise of
funds and members lack of skills on modern farming technologies which
are in pipeline for first quarter 2008.
• Kulumjame farmers association has not done very well due to lack of
flexibility from the group members especially the women who
initiated the male group members pulled out of the group despite
several meetings and visits by the PC-Yei and CCM .As the members
could not follow instructions even part of the first instalment balance
of 1000USD was brought back to Yei field office, plans are CDC to have a
meeting with the VDC/and group members before taking any decision
on the group. Most crops got destroyed by goats, and due to lack of
weeding /pests. Large land opened but under utilized.
• Lainya / Juba counties received the village projects received and had Disbursed
the first instalment for Tuli Produce Business Association (TPBA) and Munuki Women
Economic Programme (MWEP) on the 4th-6th Oct.2007.
• Disbursed part of the second instalment to Modulimbe and Logu dapa VEP 26- Oct
2007
MODULIMBE,
• Harvesting and selling of egg plants, okra, tomatoes is on going.
• The following fields of crops were visited:
G/Nuts 2 Feddans, Tomatoes ¼ Feddan, Okra ½ Feddan, Carbbage 1 Feddan, Egg
plants 1 feddan, and Onions ¼ Feddan,
The members rated their crops as follows; high yield for G/nuts, followed by Okra,
Onion, egg plants, and the one with poor yield was cabbage and tomatoes due much
rainfall
The members also identified that Okra which yield well has high market,
They also acknowledged in case of delay in disbursing the third instalment they can use
what they have raise from the sale of their produce to continue the project,

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 The association has 25 members but only 10 are active, The CCM has plans to have
review meetings with VDC/ group members in first quarter.
The challenges faced by the group are high transport costs due far distances of the
markets, and lack of cars for hire locally.
Egg plants have low demand so members are guided to plant crops which are on high
demand and good prices to make a profit, to avoid the problem of perishable goods
members are encouraged to plant in phases in the future projects.
There is a need to train the group members on modern farming technology and diseases
and pest control in 2008.

LOGU DAPA.

• 41/2 Feddans planted with groundnuts and cassava, the 2 feddans of groundnuts are
ready and being harvested. The 21/2 remaining Feddans shall be ready for harvest by
the second week of December 2007. It must be noted that this group are happy of their
outcome and hailed IAS for the support to their association. The harvest was good;
currently they have harvested 3bags of G/nuts.
As they are happy with their work, the neighbors are also admiring their efforts and
asking them of how they can join them as new members’ people come from a distance of
about 5miles to consult them on how they started this association

TULI PRODUCT BUSINESS ASSOCIATION TPBA (Wunduruba- Juba County)

• Construction of their business structure is already done; they are plastering

and fixing doors.

Challenges.
• The place is isolated from the rest of the towns like Yei, Juba and Lainya due
to its bad roads to hire for ferrying local materials to site,
• Delayed funds by IAS,
• Inactive members. bad road conditions, hence transport facilities become a
big problem, no vehicle
• Review meetings are planned with groups to discuss the way
forward.

MUNUKI WOMEN ECONOMIC PROGRAMME (MWEP) KATIGIRI- JUBA COUNTY.

• The construction work for the grinding mill house is ongoing.

• Wall and roofing completed,
• Work left are plastering, flooring and fixing of door then installation of the grinding
mill when purchased.
Challenges facing the groups are the same as for Tuliang, the bad roads
and inactive members and some IDPS of Katigiri going back to Juba their
areas of origin. Plans are to have review meetings with the members for
the future
Kajokeji County
Logili infant ox-plough group association

xiv
 • A store is constructed
• 12 bags of g/nuts harvested from the 3 feddans planted
• 2 feddans of serena sorghum still yielding
• 0.5 fedans of cassava growing

Malido Farmers Association

• 2 feddans of tick trees growing well
• 0.5 feddans of fruity trees growing well
• 8 bags of g/nuts harvested from the two feddans of tick trees
• An office is built by VDC members using local resources.
• 35 bee hives taken on to the tree and four attracted bees

CONSTRAINTS

• Late release of the fund (1st installment)

• Rains started late
• Rains became too heavy for cultivation
• Difficult to get some of the materials
Inadequate logistic support to the CCM e.g. no computer, digital camera, and other forms of
communication
Some of the challenges above have been looked at for plans of 2008, we understand the
difficulties of coordinating Kajokeji from Yei when it involves crossing through a neighboring
country.
Mundri
Both Mbara and Okari milling house constructions are completed, but awaiting for the second
installment to purchase grinding machines early next year.
The projects in Mundri have been taking long in al stages, there is need to step up the monitoring
by the CCM and the Project coordinator, it jeopardizes planned activities as a long time is taken
to accomplish an activity.

Aweil West / Mundri

The school construction of Medewu and Amudho needs a lot of seriousness in mobilizing the
communities towards local resources like bricks, a number of community meetings have been
held with the VDC and local authorities, while Medewu has laid 5000 bricks, Amudho village
intends to start immediately after X-mas .And the worrying aspect is the construction material
costs I not sure if the remaining balance will complete the construction work. Please for the other
details on the VEP get some information from details of the various field offices.

xv
 Rolngut rice harvesting Aweil North County Mbara grinding mill Mundri
County

• In March 2007 2 SMC Donors Katherine Cash and Anders Malmstigen

accompanied by the senior Programme officer visited IAS Sudan
programme to better get to know IAS/ and IAS/Sudan in terms of
organizational structure and relations, their work and methodologies in
order to enable SMC to provide support in the preparation of
applications and reports and ensure quality in their assessment. The
Donor Visited 3 Village development committees namely Kwanga and
Nzumara in Maridi county and Medewu in Mundri County, and had
meetings with all the VDC s, the proposed projects in the 3 selected
villages were income generating grinding mills/ water and school
construction. They thought the project made a good start and that time
it was too early to judge the success, They were able to understand the
communities perceptions and attitudes and approaches and the
relationship between the stake holders of VEP but a lot has been
achieved in terms of the project work in 2007.
• Monitoring and intensive follow-up by the programme office, CMU and
project staff to the 20 VEP and constant review meetings with the VDC,
s/Steering Committees has helped in assessing the work progress.
• There has no deviations from the planned activities of 2006, the
activities are arranged in a complementary way and achieving one
leads to the other for community meetings through PRA sessions for
needs identifications, community empowerment and training, project
planning, implementation and management.
The reduction of the prevalence of poverty amongst the conflict
affected rural house holds is by funding of the 20 VEP and the selected
communities are able to use funds from their income generating
projects like grinding mills, and consume agricultural products at house
hold levels and sale the surplus for income for future use.
While the trainings and the sensitization is, empowering the
communities in better decision making process, improved planning,
designing, implementation, and management, leading to sustainable
development in the long term.
Local authorities are being involved in the community projects as
chairpersons has improve the leadership capacity and they are more
accountable to the communities that they represent It also reconciles
the communities as they have to work together for a common goal

Implementation Strategy
• Establishment and training of the Community mobilization unit staff so
as to build the capacity of the grass root community to plan, and
implement development initiatives’ through formal and informal
trainings and resource mobilization.
• Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) a process through which the
communities are engaged to have a better understanding and
assessment of their needs and priorities, available community
resources and existing basic social services ,and identification of
existing community groups.

xvi
 • Establishment of village development committees selected in a general
community to form a democratically elected committee on the basis of
gender equal representation, good reputation, known to the
community and is active in community development initiatives, with
education background to prepare project documents.
• The steering committees support the village development committees
comprising of 6 members (Local Authorities e.g. Boma or Payam
administrator, VDC treasurer, designated CCM, Project Coordinator
depending on the selected project type, executive chief and Local
partner representative ) facilitate general community meetings and to
appraise and evaluate project proposals, monitor the work
implementation progress, accountability requirements.
• Selection of projects / proposal submission the CCM guides the VDC on
the feasibility and sustainability of the project selected the CMU during
the discussion with the community has the right to reject a proposal
that is not feasible or cultural an accepted in the environment.
• Monitoring and evaluation during and at project end.
• Grants and disbursement are on instalment basis, no additional funds
can be disbursed, unless the Village accounts for the previous
disbursements and Khartoum office has received the receipts and the
field staff has verified the value for the funds in relation to the
activities achieved.
• Procurement and transportation for the village projects equipment and
supplies is not the responsibility of IAS. The VDC is responsible for the
project implementation and management.
• Submission of monthly progress reports (financial and narrative) to the
CCM and then to field offices.
• Mainstreaming of crossing issues like gender, HIV &AIDS,
environmental conservation, Conflict transformation and peace
building. These apply in all IAS intervention.

To enhance the long -term sustainability the roles and the responsibilities of
all the stakeholders like VDC, local authorities is clearly spelt out e.g. one role
of the VDC is to mobilize the community to make any contribution in kind or
cash to the project sustainability, at least contribute 20% to the project cost.

Long Term Sustainability:

• Establishment of the village development committees / Steering
committees who are selected from the existing village groups (PTA;
Water committees, women associations/ youth Groups, Local authorities
etc) are community representatives when strengthened and equipped
with knowledge and skills can pass on to the other community
members.
• The process of going through the PRA sessions has given the
community better understanding of about the needs identification,
prioritization, resource mobilization, and their roles in the development
process, ability and roles that can be used to tape the local potentials
and existing resources to improve their livelihood.

xvii
 • Funding the village projects through 10,000USD grant per selected
village is to improve the community status economically so as be able
to pay for other social services and reduction of poverty in the long run.
• Communities identifying their needs, making project proposals,
assessing and evaluating the viability of the proposals and
implementation, financial accounting and management is preparing the
communities to take over the ownership and sustainable development.
• Training the selected community groups and CBO,s in leadership roles
,project planning and management, Proposal writing, report writing,
establishment of community based monitoring and evaluations
(CBM&E) systems prepares the communities for future management
,the fact that VDC,s /Steering committees manage the grants disbursed
to the VEP ,keeping records and documentation ensures that the
committees understand that they are accountable to their communities
they represent and it is a big motivation for most VDC,s.

The CMU and the project staff have been very instrumental in making
achievements in the project, personnel are skilled, therefore they gave
technical expertise, to the community groups that are equipped with various
data in sector specific, and cross cutting issues. Every County had the County
Community Mobilizer who was available for the communities and could
interact on constant bases, monitoring work progress and reporting
/consulting were there were bottlenecks from, Project Coordinators,
Community development coordinator or the programme office.
The field offices have been supportive in logistical arranges in terms of
maintenance and services of CMU motorbikes and availing vehicles for the
project monitoring.
The field offices have supported in financial accounting procedures, makes
financial requests, receives and disburses funds to the village projects,
monitors the use of funds, controls and manages all project funds.
Both IAS project staff and CMU had intensive training on community
development approaches, PRA, / implementation, project management,
financial management, Small scale entrepreneurship and business planning,
and cross cutting issues so as to develop human resource within South
Sudan. This capacity developed will benefit the communities as the CCM are
people within South Sudan only (the Senior programme officer &community
development) are external facilitators to prepare Sudan’s to take over the
responsibilities and continue with the work.

2.4 Funding
The main donors that fund the projects activities of VEP and community
empowerment is SIDA and Swedish Mission Council (SMC).
• Attach a budget indicating expenditures for each sector (see
annex II)

2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES
2.1.Monitoring and evaluation procedures
The project monitoring and evaluation is done through involvement of all
development partners and the other stake holders like IAS project staff like
the project Coordinators that coordinate all activities in all the field offices,
Community development monitoring progress of all CCM,s , Local authorities

xviii
like Payam, chiefs involved in project implementation, and the County
authorities line ministries and departments for sectorial policies.
This is through field visits and taking of photographs of the community
projects, attending Coordination County or state level. Meetings, community
meetings and review meetings with the VDC, s/steering committees and
monitoring implementation and work progress of the community groups
(Water management committees, VDC, PTA etc.) Submission of monthly,
quarterly progress reports, and training reports
Mid term/project evaluation and project end evaluation and reports.
• Explain how you monitor and evaluate the project and provide
the sources of verification for the accomplished project
activities.
2.2.Programme organisation
The community mobilization has 12 (Community development coordinator
8 county community mobilizers,3 assistant county community mobilizers)
direct staff and the project staff that rea indirect they come as
representatives of the steering committees and sector specific issues
depending on the type of project (Water, Agriculture, education )

Community mobilization organizational Chart

Senior programe
officer

Programme
Assistannt

Community PC
PC PC PC PC
Development Akweum
Marialbai YEI Maridi Mundri
coordinator

CCM
CCM CCM CCM CCM CCM CCM CCM
Aweil
Aweil East Aweil North Lainya/ Juba Kajokeji Yei Maridi Mundri
West

Village
Steering
Development
committee
committee

Ccommunity

STAFF LIST
Category Office Position
Direct project implementing staff
Veronica Drajoru BEG/EQT Community development coordinator
Thomas Amule Akuem County Community Mobilizer
Aweil East County.
Deng Mangok Akuem Assistant County Community mobilizer
Aweil East County.
Metha Amos Marialbai County Community mobilizer
Aweil North county.
Peter Ngong Marach Marialbai Assistant County community Mobilizer
Aweil North County
Vacant Marialbai County Community Mobilizer
Aweil West County
Saaman Brook Maridi County Community Mobilizer

xix
Vaida Philomina Mundri County Community Mobilizer
John Dumba Yei County Community Mobilizer
Kajokeji
Cicilia Muni Yei County community mobilizer Yei
Ali Tadayo Yei County community mobilizer Lainya/
Juba

PROGRAMME SUPPORT
Programme support, administration and other assistance of both financial and
material are approved by the project coordinator in consultation with the
community development coordinator, depending on the monthly request from the
field staff County mobilizers with authorization of project coordinator then
released by Field Administrator, the support of logistics is by the administration in
the field offices and others by Support offices of Khartoum , Nairobi and Kampala
in items and supplies that are lacking in Khartoum, for Northern Bahr-el-ghazal
projects. While for projects in Equatoria, Kampala is more accessible than
Khartoum.

2.3.Coordination and collaboration

• Involvement of the local and international organizations has not been fully because of
being a pilot project in South Sudan, we had wanted to try as IAS and understand this
pilot project, learn lessons, weaknesses, successes and use the lessons learnt to make
improvements for the future interventions, where by work in we can partnership with
NGOs that have similar policies towards sustainable development. After developing local
capacities of the CBO,s ,like using the VDC forum as a local partner.
• Local government authorities have been involved both at higher regional level when IAS
signed memorandum of understanding to work in South Sudan that has been represented
by Sudan Relief Rehabilitation Commission and (SRRC) that coordinates all NGOs
activities The office of the Commissioners being civil authority and political head of the
County under whose office the technical staff like the County directors of Education,
WES, health help coordinate with technical issues, and guide on government policies on
specific sectors.
• While at community level we work with the local authorities that include chiefs and
Payam officials and Boma Administrators in the community village projects play a role of
resource mobilization in terms of community contribution, land acquisition for projects,
Security towards humanitarian aid workers. Distribution of services e.g. bore hole site
allocation, school construction etc.

3. ASSUMPTIONS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

• The slowness of some of the villages in financial accounting on the
disbursed funds that required a lot of travelling to the project sites and
follow-up, due to this delayed receiving the next instalment and it
resulted to poor yields in the agricultural production. VDC members
were advised to prepare land early next year and plant timely to avoid
a similar scenario in 2008.
• Delayed disbursement of funds for some projects like Juba county , that
made the group to miss agricultural production in 2007.VDC members
were asked to save the funds for agricultural production to be used
later while embark on construction of the food store and the grinding
mill house.

xx
 • Heavy rainfall and flood prolonged rainfalls rendered most of project
locations of BEG, Lasu, Medewu Achoro, Amudho ,watliet inaccessible
there for supervision and monitoring became difficult affecting quality
control e.g. poor construction of medewu school, Watleit women’s
group loosing the whole rice field .Amudho lacking bricks at site, taking
more time to have review meetings with communities delayed drilling
of the VEP boreholes and (Achoro, Kwanga,Nzumara ).Plans are carrying
out a lot of activities during dry season. Provision of supplies before on
set of rains.
• Due to the high turn over of CMU staff in BEG in Aweil West county
projects to delay and lag behind. The other CCM and the Community
development coordinator has to give more time for this communities.
Being unable to visit other locations.
• The high inflation and currency exchange is likely to affect the two
projects of school constructions, to an extent were we may need to look
for additional funds to top the 10,000USD grant. We have tried to
mobilize the communities to contribute little more than 20%, this has
worked well for Mundri project, while BEG is only able to contribute
local materials.

Recommendation
• Timely disbursement of funds so that planned activities may be carried
out as scheduled ,The PC/ CCM should help to follow-up the
communities frequently and set a definite time frame for financial
accounting ,releasing smaller amounts instead of the whole instalment
send.
• The thinly spreading of projects across Sudan becomes very
cumbersome to monitor in future we should limit project interventions
to specific locations for easy follow up, quality control and bigger
impact.
• Yei field offices and Maridi needs to be supported logistically, many
times planned projects have failed because of many interventions
relying on one car.
• Staff recruitment should be decided as per IAS employment not on local
authorities demand, because most local staff lacks essential education
back ground, local capacity building works when some one has basic,
.not from nothingness, Staff welfare has to be looked into to retain the
skilled and committed staff.
• The village projects of school construction needs a top or additional
funds, there is need to lobby for some funds e.g. for desks and
furniture, school latrines of 2 blocks for girls and boys or working in
partnership with other NGO,s

Conclusion
The year 2007 has been so hectic, with a lot of activities, and tasks, but I
thank God for his Grace to see us through. May I at this time wish to thank all
the CMU staff for the commitment to accomplish the planned activities,
Varoius Field offices and the project staff of Sudan programme?
The programme office and the entire Khartoum staff for supporting the CMU
activities and the guidance. I also wish to thank our Local partners the village

xxi
development committees and the steering committees for the commitment
towards implementation of the community projects.
For the out going senior programme officer it was nice working with you
thanks for making CMU up to this stage and for the new senior programme
officer we look forward to work with you.
Wishing all of you Gods blessings in 2008.

xxii
 Narrative Summary
Objectives
Community 1).To empowers the
Empowerment communities towards
sustainable development.
Programme.
2). To improve communities
health through water
committees establishment,
training, and hygiene
education.
3). To empower the
communities economical status
so as to improve their living
standards/ poverty
eradication.
Indicators Sources of verification Risks and assumptions
The fully participation and
1). Number of meetings Attendance/ participants commitment of the Local
attended by the communities, list. authorities have had a
2). Attendance by gender, Progress report positive impact towards
ANNEX 1:
3). Presence of functional Field visits the implementation.
boreholes/ improvement in TABLE
hygiene and practices, Field visits The Approaches used and FORMAT
3). Communities willingness to the trainings has
pay water user fees and Register for communities encouraged the
participation in development Monthly payment. beneficiaries to take a
process. leading role in plannin for
their sustainable
2 T.OT. CMU capacity building. Training Report development.
Establishment of 102 new Progress report
water management Training report The conducive weather
6 VEP boreholes and the sole
18 CWAP Improved community implementation of the
3 GAIN hygiene and practices. project has motivated the
84 (EED,SIDA,USAID) Field visits villages and the
communities as the
24(14 BEG &10 EQT.) water Training reports project choice was theirs.
management workshop done Progress report

12(EQT) Hygiene and Training report

environmental sanitation Field visit
workshops done.
Attendance list The constant monitoring
Heath education Field visit of the sector community
Changes towards groups by the CMU has
improved hygiene Helped to solve arising
(latrines in use ,and issues to at the right time.
sanitary facilities)

Support 20 village projects with 20 projects successfully

a grant of 10,000 USD per implemented
project. 7 grinding mills
constructed (2 installed
&operation,5 plans to
install in Jan.2008)
3 VEP boreholes drilled,
installed & functional.
9 Agricultural project
successful implanted.
1 Tree planting /Bee
keeping successfully
undertaken.
2 Schools construction in
progress

Progress report
Clear guide lines and
Activity Income Exp Balan
(USD) (USD ce
) (USD)

1.TOT CMU capacity building 4000 4000 -

2.Water/ hygiene training 12,500 3000 9,500
workshops 10,00 4,50 5,50
3.Gender 0 0 0
sensitization/advocacy 5,00 500 _
4. PRA 0 0 --
5. Salaries community 81,5 81,50
mobilization 00 0 28,00
0
Sub Total 111,00 98,00 NB. Please check details with accounts
0 0